breathing problem

8/7/2019 Breathing Problem

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Protocol # 6 by Jawad Ahmed


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BreathingThe process of respiration, during which air is inhaled

into the lungs through the mouth or nose due to musclecontraction, and then exhaled due to muscle

relaxation.


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Second PageStructure

Of Human Respiratory system

1.Nose & Mouth.2.Pharynx.3.Larynx.4.Trachea.5. Bronchi.

6. Bronchioles.7. Lungs.8. Alveoli.


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Difficulty in breathing may occur due to:

Problems in the lungs:

Acute pulmonary oedema:Pulmonary edema is a condition in which

fluid accumulates in the lungs.

Asthma: Respiratory condition causedby narrowing of the airways.

Congestive heart failure:Congestive heart failure (CHF) is acondition in which the heart's function

as a pump is inadequate to deliveroxygen rich blood to the body.

Continue......


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Emphysema (COAD): ChronicObstructive Airways Disease. Chroniclung disease in which there is permanent

destruction of alveoli.

Pneumonia :It is an inflammation ofthe lung, usually caused by an infection

Pulmonary embolus: blockage in alung artery due to blood clot in lungs.


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Problems in the Upper Airway:

Allergic reaction:It affects respiratorysystem.

Choking: Partial or completeobstruction of the airway it can be due to

foreign body .

Croup : a respiratory problem thatoccurs mainly in children due to aninfection in airway.

Epiglottitis: It is inflammation of theepiglottis - the flap that sits at the base of

the tongue, which keeps food from goinginto the trachea (windpipe).

Tracheitis: Is a common infection thatis caused by bacterial buildup in the

trachea and can cause airway obstruction


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Problems NOT in the Lungs or Airway:Cardiac arrest: Cardiac arrest is the sudden loss of cardiac function, when theheart abruptly stops beating.

Diabetic ketoacidosis : High blood glucose with the presence of ketones inthe urine and blood stream, often caused by taking too little insulin or during

illness.

Drug/substance abuse: When a drug wears off, very large doses can cause aperson to stop breathing and result in death.

Fits: Fitts causes the body and brain to swell and this can lead breathingproblem.

Heart attack: A heart attack is when low blood flow causes the heart to starvefor oxygen. Heart muscle dies or becomes permanently damaged.

Hyperventilation syndrome: HVS is a respiratory disorder, psychologically orphysiologically based, involving breathing too deeply or too rapidly

Respiratory Arrest :It is a medical condition in which a person has stoppedbreathing, though the heart is still beating.

Stroke:Some of the signs of major stroke are difficulty in breathing


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Case Entry Questions:

3. Okay, tell me exactly what happened.

Some important terminologies used by attendents are:Shortness of breath.

Breathlessness.

Difficulty breathing.

Dyspnea.

Hypoventilation.

Hyperventilation.

Oxygen Saturation.

Pulmonary.

Tracheotomy.

Ventilator.

Stoma.Cyanosis.


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Key Questions:

1. Is s/he completely alert (responding appropriately)?

2. Does s/he have difficulty speaking (crying)between beaths?

3. Is s/he changing colour?a. (Yes)Describe the colour change.

Continue.....


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4. Is s/he clammy (cold sweats)?5. Does s/he have astma?

a. (Yes)Does s/he have a prescribed inhaler?

i. (Yes)Has s/he used it yet?6. (Tracheostomy blockage)Does s/he any special

equipment or instructions to treat this?a. (Yes)Have they been used?


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NormalBreathing Rate

Age Breaths per 10 sec.

New born 5 -10

6 12 months

4 5

1 5 yrs 3 5

6 12 yrs 2 4

Above 12 yrs 2 - 3


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PostDispatch Instructions

a. (Patient medication requested and alert)Remind her/him to do what her/his doctor has instructed for

these situations.

b. (Prescribed inhaler not yet used)Advise her/histo use the inhaler now.

c. (Special equipment/instructions not yet used)Advise her/him to use that treatment now.d. Monitor and maintain patient's airway, especially if patient is

nauseous or vomiting. Keep airway clear.

b. Calm and reassure the patient. Tell the patient to relax and

slow their breathing,

c. Do not place pillow under the patients head.d. Do not give food or drink.

e. Let patient assume position of comfort (usually sitting-up).f. Keep the patient warm (maintain body temperature).

g. Gather or list the patient's medication for the doctor.

h. Call back if the patient's condition changes before help

arrives.


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41%

36%

23%

Gender Wise Report

Male

Female

C il er


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0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Echo Delta Charli

52

1978

1346

Level Wise Report


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70

180

204

205

397

424

468

0

537

445

446

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

P.E.C.H.S

Baldia

Clifton

Site

North Nazimabad

North Karachi

Gulberg

Gulshan

Korangi

Bin Qasim

Malir

Station Wise Report


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2097

1056

2 1

209

110

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Hosp - Hosp Home - Hosp Hosp - Home Roadside - Hosp Already

transfered/Exp

First aid

Origin Wise Report


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Best Experiances:Call No.1:

Date: 2-2-11 EC#: 105819 Shift : Morning

Call duration: 7 min Area: Korangi Code: 6-D-2P.Name: Uzma Age: 20 y Breaths: 16/10 secCondation: Concsious but hyperventilation patient

Call No.2:

Date: 15-2-11 EC#: 109843 Shift : Morning

Call duration: 12 min Area: Muzafarabad Code: 6-D-2

P.Name: Haseena Age: 5y Breaths: 10/10 secCondation: Concsious but dificulty in speaking between breaths

with gasping voices.


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Thank You

By: Lubna Haseeb

breathing problem

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