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Brian J. McCluskey, DVM, MS, PhD, Dip. ACVPM Chief Epidemiologist USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services
H5N2 confirmed in British Columbia
commercial poultry
Mortality in migratory
waterfowl in Whatcom
County, WA
H5N2 confirmed in
a Pintail Duck from
Whatcom County, WA
Captive falcon confirmed
positive
First backyard flock with
HPAI clinical signs
December 4
December 8
December 8
December 14
December 24
State Number of Detections
California 19
Washington 18
Oregon 16
Idaho 7
Missouri, Michigan 3
Kentucky 2
Nevada, Wyoming, New Mexico, Utah, Kansas, Wisconsin
1
Subtype Number of Detections
EA/AM H5N2 37
EA H5N8 22
EA H5 13
EA H5N1 3
Positive Premises by Production Type and Positive Diagnosis Status
Production Type
Presumptive Positive
Confirmed Positive Premises Dangerous Contact Premises
TOTAL
Total Confirmed
Positive
Current Confirmed
Positive
Closed Confirmed
Positive
Total Dangerous
Contacts
Current Dangerous
Contacts
Closed Dangerous
Contacts
Commercial Turkey 0 98 82 16 6 4 2 104
Chicken (Layers) 0 4 4 0 0 0 0 4
Chicken pullet 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1
Backyard 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1
TOTAL 0 104 88 16 6 4 2 110
A “closed” status indicates the premises has reverted to undetermined status upon cleaning and disinfection and a negative environmental test. The premises remains under quarantine until all requirements of the flock plan have been met.
Premises confirmed H5 positive specimen
Premises confirmed H5N2 positive specimen with clinical signs Grand Total
Avian 1 1 Backyard Producer 1 1
Chicken 37 37 Backyard Producer 1 1 Commercial Mail Order Breeder 1 1 Commercial Table Egg Layer 22 22 Commercial Table Egg Pullets 13 13
Duck 1 1 2 Backyard Producer 1 1 2
Poultry 2 2 Backyard Producer 2 2
Turkey 1 34 35 Commercial Turkey Meat Bird 1 34 35
Grand Total 2 75 77
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
4/12
/201
5
4/14
/201
5
4/16
/201
5
4/18
/201
5
4/20
/201
5
4/22
/201
5
4/24
/201
5
4/26
/201
5
4/28
/201
5
4/30
/201
5
5/2/
2015
5/4/
2015
5/6/
2015
5/8/
2015
5/10
/201
5
5/12
/201
5
5/14
/201
5
5/16
/201
5
5/18
/201
5
5/20
/201
5
5/21
/201
5
5/23
/201
5
5/25
/201
5
5/27
/201
5
5/29
/201
5
5/31
/201
5
6/2/
2015
6/4/
2015
6/6/
2015
6/8/
2015
6/10
/201
5
6/12
/201
5
6/14
/201
5
6/16
/201
5
6/18
/201
5
6/20
/201
5
Eggs Feed
Groups of animals
Hay Forage
Manure/ Litter Other Product
Semen Embryos
Grand Total
Direct to Farm 1 122 117 1 2 243 Direct to Hatchery 1 1 Direct to Incineration 4 4 Direct to Laboratory 3 3 Direct to Landfill 1 3 4 Direct to Off-site Burial 1 1 Direct to Processor 9 7 1 5 22 Direct to Renderer 1 7 8 Direct to Slaughter 128 4 132 Feed Into Control Zone 1 158 1 160 Feed Out of Control Zone 201 3 1 205 In Commerce 4 1 43 12 21 167 248 Into Control Zone 14 15 108 12 1 150 Out of Control Zone 25 94 190 1 5 19 940 1 1275 Trucks Out of Control Zone 1 9 1 11 Within Control Zone 17 63 45 23 10 3 2 163 Grand Total 72 654 648 1 46 77 1127 5 2630
Surveillance and Release of Control Areas
Control Area Status
Backyard Surveillance Commercial
Flocks Tested Control Area Release Date Round 1 Round 2
Lac Qui Parle 1 Released 12 12 0 5/27/2015 Pope 1 Released 33 33 0 6/6/2015 Nobles 1 Released 29 29 0 6/9/2015 Roseau 1 Released 11 11 0 6/15/2015 Pipestone 1 & 2 Released 38 38 0 6/16/2015 Stearns 3, 7 & 14 Released 59 56 35 6/19/2015 Stearns 5 Review 8 9 1 Lyon 1 Review 31 31 2 Clay 1 Review 29 27 6 Cottonwood 1 & 2 Review 38 34 2 LeSeuer 1 Testing 68 58 4 Nicolette 1 Pending 61 0 2 Ottertail 1-2-3 Testing 146 0 4 Steele 1 Testing 66 19 3 Swift 1-2-5 Review 38 36 2 Swift 7 Pending 11 0 6 Wadena 1 Pending 75 0 2 Watonwan 1 Review 33 29 0 Released - All non-affected backyard and commercial flocks have been released from quarantine
Review - Review of round 2 testing status of flocks. Follow-up testing of missed flocks
Testing - Testing of flocks in the control area is in progress or waiting for result
Pending - Control area eligible to test. Planning and preparation for testing
Outbreak investigation
Observational studies Geospatial analysis
Molecular Epidemiology
Experimental Studies/On-
farm sampling
81 turkey farms in IA, MN, ND, SD and WI 63 meat production 11 breeder farms 6 raising breeder
candidates 1 unknown type
Developed clinical signs between March 30 and May 2, 2015.
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Veterinary Services
HPAI Investigation - Questionnaire INSTRUCTIONS
The purposes of these investigations are to assess potential pathways of initial introduction of HPAI viruses onto commercial poultry operations and potential lateral transmission routes of HPAI viruses from infected premises to noninfected premises.
Following confirmation of an HPAI virus introduction into a commercial flock, an investigation should be initiated as soon as possible, no later than 1 week following detection. The investigator(s) assigned should be integrated into other response activities but their primary focus is on completion of the introduction investigation.
Characteristic Median Min Max
Farm Capacity 46,000 5,000 488,000
Number of Barns 4 1 24
Barn Capacity 12,000 2,500 90,000
Distance to Closest Body of Water (yd) 800 15 8,800
Characteristic
Number
Respondents
Level or Response Percent
Farms Age type 80 Multiple ages on farm 45 Single age on farm 55 Brooder & grower in same house (for the subset of farms that brood and grow)
28 25
Production type Age (weeks) Percent Farms
Hens (n=10) <4 0 4-8 20 9-12 50 >12 30 Toms (n=34) <4 0 4-8 11 9-12 17 13-16 46 >16 26 Breeder (n=14) ≤16 7 17-36 64 >36 29
Biosecurity Number Respondents Level or Response Percent Farms
House with family on property 81 Yes, common drive 38 Yes, no common drive 22 No 40
Signage (“no admittance” or “biosecure area”) 80 83 Gate to farm entrance 79 Yes, locked 9
Yes, not locked 18 No 73
Farm area fenced in 81 11 Freq veg. mowed (per month) 81 < 4 40
4 + 60 Facility free of debris/trash 81 89 Wash/spray area for vehicles 81 46 Designated parking workers/visitors 80 49
Changing area for workers 81 Yes, shower 27 Yes, no shower 46 No 27
Workers wear dedicated coveralls 81 73 Workers wear rubber boots or Boot covers 81 100 Barn doors lockable 81 Yes, routinely locked 40
Yes, not routinely lock 22 No 38
Foot pans at barn entrances 81 Yes, in use 99 Footbath type 81 Dry 12
81 Liquid 98 Ante area 81 98 Rodent bait station 81 Yes, checked q 6 weeks 95 Fly control 81 41 Raccoons, possums, foxes seen in or around barns 81 28
Wild turkeys, pheasants, quail seen around poultry 81 26
Biosecurity audits
81 43
Equipment Number Respondents
Level or Response Percent Farms
Farm specific (NOT shared with other farms) 75 Company vehicles/ trailers 65
77 Feed trucks 19
80 Gates/panels 91
80 Lawn mowers 63
78 Live haul loaders 8
68 Poultry trailers 31
72 Pre-loaders 15
79 Pressure sprayer/washer 57
77 Skid-steer loader 61
67 Tillers 87
70 Trucks 56
58 Other 66
Wild Bird Characteristics Number Respondents
Level or Response Percent Farms
Wild birds around farm 78 Waterfowl 63
79 Gulls 33 78 Small perching birds 96
78 Other water birds 15 78 Other birds 28 Houses bird proof
79 62
Wild birds seen in house 81 35
Birds seen year round 77 90
Seasonality to presence of some birds
79 84
Bird location 76 Away from facilities 49 77 On farm, not in barns 66
76 On farm, in barns 26
Inside 5 m 70-150 m 500-1000 m
Turkeys Positive 40 (36%) 7 (21%) 0% NT
Suspect 26 (23%) 17 (50%) 8 (38%) NT
Negative 45 (41%) 10 (29%) 13 (62%) NT
Layers Positive 28 (78%) 22 (24%) 1 (4%) 0 (0%)
Suspect 8 (22%) 16 (18%) 9 (32%) 8 (13%)
Negative 0 (0%) 52 (58%) 18 (64%) 54 (87%)
Total Positive 68 (46%) 29 (23%) 1 (2%) 0 (0%)
Suspect 34 (23%) 33 (27%) 17 (35%) 8 (13%)
Negative 45 (31%) 62 (50%) 31 (63%) 54 (87%)
Total 147 (100%) 124 (100%) 49 (100%) 62 (100%)
Ct <35: positive; Ct 35-40: suspect; Ct >40 negative.
Case control studies – Turkeys and Layers Geospatial Analyses Airborne Proximity to water sources and crops
On farm sampling Air Wildlife Flies
Thank you for your attention