brian underwood
TRANSCRIPT
8/14/2019 Brian Underwood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brian-underwood 1/40
H. Brian Underwo od , USGS-Pa tuxe nt W ild l ife Researc h
Ce nter, 4 26 I l lic k Hall, State Un ive rsit y of Ne w Yo rk ,
Colleg e o f E nv iron me ntal Scie nce & For estry , S yracuse, N Y
1321 0
Urban Deer Management:Urban Deer Management:
Challenges & OpportunitiesChallenges & Opportunities
8/14/2019 Brian Underwood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brian-underwood 2/40
Topics
•The Phenomenon
•The Issues•The Options
•The Challenges
•The Opportunities
8/14/2019 Brian Underwood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brian-underwood 3/40
Dee r In O ur Mid st
• Where did “suburban” deer come from?
• Biological Mechanism?
• What theory doesn’t tell us
8/14/2019 Brian Underwood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brian-underwood 4/40
8/14/2019 Brian Underwood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brian-underwood 5/40
AND NOW.AND NOW.
8/14/2019 Brian Underwood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brian-underwood 6/40
Th is is My Sto ry(and I ’m st ic king to it )
1) Extensive land uses (includingsuburbanization) have replaced intensiveland uses over the last 100 years
3) Forest cover (%) increases as land usebecomes more extensive
5) Predation risk decreases with increasingforest cover
7) Harvest rate (%) decreases withincreasing forest cover
8/14/2019 Brian Underwood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brian-underwood 7/40
19001900 19501950
20002000 20502050
8/14/2019 Brian Underwood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brian-underwood 8/40
8/14/2019 Brian Underwood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brian-underwood 9/40
8/14/2019 Brian Underwood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brian-underwood 10/40
Birth FractionBirth Fraction
Forest CoverForest Cover
Land Use IntensityLand Use Intensity
Death FractionDeath Fraction
Predation RiskPredation Risk−−++DeerDeer
PopulationPopulation
Systems ModelSystems Model
8/14/2019 Brian Underwood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brian-underwood 11/40
Mortality Release Irruption
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 20 40 60 80 100
Year of Simulation
Percent
Forest
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Number of
Deer
PF
DP
8/14/2019 Brian Underwood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brian-underwood 12/40
Role o f R efug es & Pa rks
• Parks and Refuges played a majorrole in re-establishing deer acrossthe Great Lakes Region
• Many refuges established in theyears following the GreatDepression
• These refuge populations becamethe “sources” of deer for adjacentlands as habitat suitabilityincreased
8/14/2019 Brian Underwood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brian-underwood 13/40
URBAURBANN
RURARURA
LL
SuitableSuitable
UnsuitableUnsuitable
8/14/2019 Brian Underwood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brian-underwood 14/40
8/14/2019 Brian Underwood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brian-underwood 15/40
8/14/2019 Brian Underwood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brian-underwood 16/40
C O V
E R
C O V
E R F O O D
F
O O D
WATERWATER
8/14/2019 Brian Underwood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brian-underwood 17/40
8/14/2019 Brian Underwood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brian-underwood 18/40
8/14/2019 Brian Underwood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brian-underwood 19/40
8/14/2019 Brian Underwood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brian-underwood 20/40
8/14/2019 Brian Underwood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brian-underwood 21/40
What Theory Doesn’t Tell Us
• These are “no crash” irruptions becausefood and water are not limiting…onlycover is limiting.
• Suburban/urban landscapes subsidizedeer populations through access to highquality food resources (e.g., ag lands,fertilized lawns, golf courses, PROW,mast producing trees).
• Leads to overabundance in the“ecological” sense.
8/14/2019 Brian Underwood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brian-underwood 22/40
ISSUES
• Deer Vehicle CollisionsDeer Vehicle Collisions
(DVCs)(DVCs)
• “ “ Damage” to vegetationDamage” to vegetation
• Lyme DiseaseLyme Disease
8/14/2019 Brian Underwood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brian-underwood 23/40
8/14/2019 Brian Underwood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brian-underwood 24/40
Legend
DVA Locations
Open Water
Developed, Open Space
Grassland/Herbaceous
Woody Wetlands
Emergent Herbaceous Wetlands
3 0 3 6 9 121.5
Kilometers
DVC locationsDVC locations
Each year, deer-Each year, deer-
vehicle crashesvehicle crashes
cause morecause more
than 200than 200
deaths and tensdeaths and tens
of thousands ofof thousands of
injuries, whileinjuries, whileracking up $1.1racking up $1.1
billion inbillion in
propertyproperty
damages.damages.
8/14/2019 Brian Underwood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brian-underwood 25/40
Howlett Hill, Marcellus, NY Howlett Hill, Marcellus, NY
8/14/2019 Brian Underwood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brian-underwood 26/40
8/14/2019 Brian Underwood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brian-underwood 27/40
LandCover
agriculture: 33.7%
forested: 25.7%
development: 18.6%
wetlands/open water:13.8%
scrub: 6.9%
field: 0.7%
4 ,60 0 0 4, 600 9,2 00 13 ,80 0 18 ,40 02,300
Meters
Legend
Open Water
Developed, Open Space
Developed, Low Intensity
Developed, Medium Intensity
Developed, High Intensity
Barren Land
Deciduous Forest
Evergreen Forest
Mixed Forest
Shrub/Scrub
Grassland/Herbaceous
Pasture/Hay
Cultivated Crops
Woody Wetlands
Emergent Herbaceous Wetlands
8/14/2019 Brian Underwood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brian-underwood 28/40
8/14/2019 Brian Underwood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brian-underwood 29/40
8/14/2019 Brian Underwood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brian-underwood 30/40
8/14/2019 Brian Underwood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brian-underwood 31/40
8/14/2019 Brian Underwood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brian-underwood 32/40
The Opt ions
• Manage the“impact” only
– Exclusion orshunting
• Manage the
population– Direct reduction
– Fertility Control
8/14/2019 Brian Underwood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brian-underwood 33/40
Man ag in g Imp act
• Excluding deer from protectedareas has been the long-standing
first response to increasingnumbers
• Shunting deer impact to other, less
valuable areas has been essentiallyignored as a viable managementtool
If you build it…..If you build it…..
8/14/2019 Brian Underwood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brian-underwood 34/40
Man ag in g Pop ul at ions I
32,285
15,972
20,2505,000
36,359
16,581Processing
Site/Equip Prep
Training
Equip/Supplies
Shooting Team
Security
Total cost ~ $126,447 for 288 deer ($439 per deer)
Cleveland Metro ParksCleveland Metro Parks
8/14/2019 Brian Underwood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brian-underwood 35/40
Managing White-Tailed DeerManaging White-Tailed Deerin Suburban Environmentsin Suburban Environments
A Technical GuideA Technical Guide
Anthony J. DeNicola, Kurt C. VerCauteren,
Paul D. Curtis, and Scott E. Hygnstrom
8/14/2019 Brian Underwood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brian-underwood 36/40
Man ag in g Pop ulat ions II
• State of the Art is still a multiple-exposure, single shot, remotely delivered
vaccine
• Scope is about 200 females
• 90% contraception rate for 10 yr willreduce a population by one-half
• Access is a key limiting factor
Fertility ControlFertility Control
8/14/2019 Brian Underwood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brian-underwood 37/40
8/14/2019 Brian Underwood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brian-underwood 38/40
Th e C hallen ge s• Nuisance abatement in a
pluralistic society is divisivebusiness
• Some stakeholder groups feeldisenfranchised because theydon’t hold core values
• Must be absolutely transparentprocess for buy-in
8/14/2019 Brian Underwood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brian-underwood 39/40
Th e O pportun it ie s
• Chance to be pro-active
• Engage Regional/Local PlanningAgencies
• Work with landowner/homeownergroups
• Generate boilerplate for local
municipalities’ planning and zoningboards
8/14/2019 Brian Underwood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brian-underwood 40/40
Concl usio ns
• Suburban/Urban deer are aSuburban/Urban deer are a product of natural processes of product of natural processes of contemporary landscapescontemporary landscapes
• Deer “expanded” their range intoDeer “expanded” their range intosuitable habitats that had peoplesuitable habitats that had peoplein them tooin them too
• Nuisance issues predominateNuisance issues predominate
discussion of management discussion of management • Traditional options are limited Traditional options are limited
• We need to expand our sphere of We need to expand our sphere of influence to “prevent” futureinfluence to “prevent” future problems problems