1

LIST OF DOCUMENTS ATTACHED FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL

CLEARANCE OF MINING ACTIVITY

S.NO. Item Page Nos.

1 Basic Information of Project 3

2 Form 1 M and Form 1 4-8

3 Pre-Feasibility Report including Environmental Management

System-for the mining activity

9-28

4 Mining Plan cum Environmental Management Plan indicating

the following

28-36

a) All mitigation measures for each item-wise activity to

undertaken during the construction operation and the entire life

cycle to minimize adverse environmental impacts as result of the

activities of the project

b) Compliance of various environmental regulations.

c) Steps to be taken in case of emergency such as accidents at the

sites including fire.

d) For how long period the project proponent will be responsible

for implementation of EMP and the name of the person

responsible for implementation of emp.

e) Capital & recurring cost for the EMP per year and the details

of funds for the same.

f) Name of the individual persons/organization, who will be

responsible for implementation of EMOP after the lapse of the

period for which the project proponent is responsible .

Undertaking to the effect that there is no other area of

borrowing/excavation within a radius of 500M from the

proposed area of borrowing/excavation

37

5 Undertaking as per office memorandum dated 24th june 2013 38-39

6 Copy of approval for mining. 40

7 Copy of Proof of Ownership of Land & Lease Deed 41-42

8 Current Photographs of mining sites 43-44

9 Latha Map 45

10

Jamabandi 46

2

PRIOR ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE

OF

BRICKS EARTH MINING PROJECT

BRICKS EARTH MINING SITE ( 1.25 HECTARES)

LOCATED AT

VILLAGE : KHERI MANDLAN

TEHSIL : PATIALA

DISTRICT : PATIALA

STATE : PUNJAB

SUBMITTED BY :-

NAME OF CONTRACTOR : M/S GURU NANAK ENTERPRISES

ADDRESS VILLAGE AT RAIPUR TEHSIL AND DISTRICT PATIALA

3

APPENDIX VIII

Form 1 M

APPLICATION FOR MINING OF MINOR MINERALS UNDER CATEGORY ‘B2’

FORLESS THAN AND EQUAL TO FIVE HECTARE

(I) Basic Information

S.No. Particulates Details

1 Name of the Mining Lease site VILLAGE KHERI MANDLAN

2 Location/ site (GPS Co-ordinates) Latitud

e 30.3751447

Longitu

de 76.5148607

3 Size of the Mining Lease (Hectare) 1.25 Ha

4 Capacity of Mining Lease (TPA) 13500 TPA(ROM)

5 Period of Mining Lease 12-04-2018 to 12-4-2020

6 Expected cost of the project Rs 4 Lacs

7 Contact Information M/S Guru Nanak Enterprises Village Raipur Tehsil and District Patiala

(II) Environmental Sensitivity

Sr

No

.

Areas Distance in kilometer/ Details

1 Distance of project site from nearest rail

or road bridge over the concerned

River, Rivulet, Nallah

etc.

No rail or road bridge over the

concerned River, Rivulet, Nallah

Near Mining Site

2 Distance from infrastructural facilities:- I. Railway line No Railway line Near Mining Site

II. National Highway No National Highway Near Mining Site III. State Highway No State Highway Near Mining Site IV. Major District Road Patiala Ghanaur Road V. Any Other Road Harpalpur Patiala Road

VI. Electric transmission line pole or Tower No Electric transmission line pole or

Tower VII. Canal or check dam or reservoirs or lake

or ponds

No

VIII. In-take for drinking water pump house No In-take for drinking water pump

house IX. Intake for Irrigation canal pumps No Intake for Irrigation canal pumps

3 Areas protected under international

conventions, national or legislation

for their ecological, landcaps, cultural

or other related value.

No such area is located within the 15

KM radius of the mining lease

area.

4 Areas which are important or sensitive

for ecological reasons- Wetlands,

watercourses or other water bodies,

coastal zone,biospheres, mountains,

forests.

• Wetland NA

• Forest NA

• Mountains NA

4

5 Areas used by protected, important or

sensitive species of flora or fauna for

breeding, nesting, foraging, over

wintering, migration.

None

6 Inland, coastal, marine or underground

waters

No such area is located within the 15

KM radius of the Mining lease

area.

7 State, National boundaries - Haryana Near about 18.7

8 Routes or facilities used by the public for

access to recreation or other tourist,

pilgrim areas

None

9 Defense installations None

10 Densely populated or built- up area,

distance from nearest human

habitation

1600 Meter appr.

11 Areas occupied by sensitive manmade

lands uses (hospitals, schools, places

of worship, community facilities)

• No Hospital

• Worship Place 1100 meter

• Community facilities 1000 meter

12 Areas containing important, high quality

or scarce resources (ground water

resources, surface resources, forestry,

agriculture, fisheries, tourism,

minerals)

Same as item No 4

13 Areas already subjected to pollution or

environmental damage.(those where

existing legal environmental

standards are exceeded)

The area is not subjected to the

pollution or environmental

damage

14 Areas susceptible to natural hazard which

could cause the project to present

environmental standards problems

(earthquakes, subsidence, landslides,

erosion, flooding or extreme or

adverse climatic conditions)

Seismic Zone -II

15 Is proposed mining site located cover or

near fissure / fracture for ground

water recharge

No

16 Whether the proposal involves approval

or clearance under the following

Regulation or Acts,

namely:-

(a) The Forest (Conservation)Act, 1980;

(b) The Wildlife (Protection)Act,1972;

(c) The Coastal Regulation Zone

Notification, 2011.

If yes, details of the same and their

status to be given.

All three are not applicable

17 Forest land involved (hectares) Nil

18 Whether there is any litigation pending

against the project and/or land in

which the project is propose to be set

up?

No litigation pending against the

project.

5

(a) Name of the Court

(b) Case No.

(c) Orders or directions of the Court, if

any, and its relevance with the

proposed project.

(Signature of Project Proponent

Along with name and address)

FORM 1 (I) Basic Information

S. No. Item Details

6

1. Name Of the Project VILLAGE KHERI MANDLAN

2. S. No. in the Schedule 1(a)

3. Proposed capacity/area/length/tonnage to be handled/command area/lease area/ number of well to be drilled

Mining of Ordinary earth in area of 1.25 hectares of land

4. New/Expansion/Modernization New Project

5. Existing capacity/ Area etc. New mining activity in an area of 1.25 hectares of land

6. Category of Project i.e. `A’ or `B’ B2

Expected Cost of Project 6 Lac

7. Does it attract the general Condition? If yes, please specify

Yes

8. Does it attract the specific condition? If yes, please specify

No

9.

Location VILLAGE KHERI MANDLAN

Plot/ Survey/ Khasra No.

HADBAST NO 338 1) KHATONI NO 23 KHEWAT 12/21 KHASRA NO 713/236 ( 4-0), 709/213(3-0)706/212(3-0) 705/211(1-15)703/210(0-19)252(2-7) Total 15 Bigge 1 Biswe ( 1.25 Hectare)

Village Kheri Mandlan

Tehsil Patiala

District Patiala

State Punjab

10. Nearest Railway Station/ Airport along with distance in Kms.

Railway Station Kauli 4.5 KM Airport Chandigarh 42.4 KM

11. Nearest Town, City, District Headquarter along with distance in Kms.

Nearest Town- Ghanaur 8.7 KM Nearest city- Ghanaur 8.7 KM Distt. Headquarter-Patiala 11.3 KM

12.

Village Panchayats, Zila Parishad, Municipal Corporation, Local Body (Complete Postal Addresses with Telephone nos. to be given)

Village Panchayat Kheri Mandlan

13. Name of the Applicant M/S Guru Nanak Enterprises

14. Registered Address Village Raipur Tehsil and District Patiala

15.

Address for correspondence: As above

Name Ravinder Kaur

Designation (Owner/ Partner/ CEO) Prop

Address As above

Pin Code 147001

E-mail -

Telephone No. 9614012593

Fax No. -

16. Details of alternate sites examined, if any. Location of these sites should be shown on a topo sheet.

N.A

17. Interlinked Projects No

7

18. Whether separate application of interlinked project has been submitted?

No

19. If yes, date of submission N.A.

20. If no, reason N.A.

21.

Whether the proposal involves approval/ clearance under: if yes, details of the same and their status to be given.

(a) The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980?

(b) The Wildlife (protection) Act, 1972?

(c) The C.R.Z. Notification, 1991?

No

22. Whether there is any Government Order/ Policy Relevent? Relating to the site?

No

23. Forest Land Involved (Hectares) N.A.

24.

Whether there is any litigation pending against the project and/or land in which the project is proposed to be set up?

(a) Name of the Court (b) Case No. (c) Orders/ directions of the court, if

any and its relevance with the proposed project.

No litigation is pending against the project

I, hereby given undertaking that the data and information given in the application

and enclosures are true to the best of my knowledge and belief and I am aware that if any part of

the data and information submitted is found to be false or misleading at any stage, the project will

be rejected and clearance give, if any to the project will be revoked at our risk and cost.

Date: Signature of the applicant

8

PRE-FEASIBILITY REPORT INCLUDING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM-FOR THE MINING ACTIVITY

BASIC INFORMATION

Name of the Project:

Mining of Bricks Earth by M/S Guru Nanak Enterprises Village Raipur Tehsil and District Patiala Location / site alternatives under consideration:

Village Kheri Mandlan Tehsil and District Patiala Chaina as marked on the 'Aksh

Sajra'. There is no alternate site.

Size of the Project: *

Mining of clay will be done in an area of 1.25 in hectares.

Expected cost of the project:

About Rs. 6 Lacs

Contact Information:

Ravinder Kaur W/o Gurcharan Singh # 350 Phase 1 Radio Station Urban Estate

patiala.

Screening Category:

The project comes under category 1 (a) as per the EIA notification dated

14.09.2006 and 'General Condition' does not apply to this category. The project

comes under category – B2 and is to be appraised by the DEIAA/DEAC, Punjab.

• Capacity corresponding to sectoral activity (such as production capacity for

manufacturing, mining lease area and production capacity for mineral

production, area for mineral exploration, length for linear transport

infrastructure, generation capacity for power generation etc.,)

• Earlier, the mining of Bricks earth was not covered under environmental

laws, since most of the Bricks earth extraction work in the country are

having mining activities in area less than 5 hectares and Ministry of

Environment and Forests (MoEF), New Delhi had exempted areas less

than 5 hectares for obtaining environmental Clearance. Now, as per

MoEF Office Memorandum dated 18th May, 2012, all the mining

activities irrespective of the mining area are required to get

Environmental Clearance from them before starting any mining activity

and as per office memorandumdated 24th June, 2013 and No. J-

9

13012/12/2013-IA-1I (I) Dated 24th December, 2013 the activities of

borrowing/excavation of ordinary earth' upto an area less than 5

hectares, comes under category 'B2'. And Ministry of Environment and

Forest and Climate change in pursuance of amendment dated

15.01.2016 has issued a notification no. S.O. 190 (E) dated 20.01.2016

Annexure 'II' constitutes the District Level Environment Impact

Assessment Authority (DEIAA), for grant of environmental clearance

for Category ‘B2’ Projects for mining of minor minerals, for all the

districts in the country.

• Keeping in line with the requirements of Ministry of Environment and

Forests (MoEF), Government of India Mining Contractor, Village Kheri

Mandlan, through Ravinder Kaur is applying for the environmental

clearance of their proposed mining activity for Bricks earth.

(I) Activity

1. Construction, operation or decommissioning of the Project involving actions,

which will cause physical changes in the locality (topography, land use,

changes in water bodies, etc.)

S.No.

Information/Checklist confirmation

Yes/No

Details thereof (with approximate

quantities /rates, wherever possible)

with source of information data

1.1 Permanent or temporary change in

land use, land cover or topography

including increase in intensity of

land use (with respect to local land

use plan)

No The site is used for agricultural purposes.

The owner of the land is giving land on

lease for the excavation of brick earth for

leveling of land as per surrounding area.

1.2 Clearance of existing land, vegetation

and buildings?

No There would not be any clearance of

land, vegetation and buildings.

1.3 Creation of new land uses?

No The land would be used for agricultural

purposes only.

1.4 Pre-construction investigations e.g.

bore houses, soil testing?

No No foundations will be constructed at

site. So, bore holes and soil testing are

not required.

1.5 Construction works?

No After getting the clearance from

DEAC/DEIAA, then promoters would

start excavation of brick earth upto 2ft

depth only.

1.6 Demolition works?

No There would not be any demolition

work.

10

1.7 Temporary sites used for construction

works or housing of construction

workers?

No No construction will be carried out for

housing of construction workers.

1.8 Above ground buildings, structures or

earthworks including linear structures,

cut and fill or excavations

No There would not be any above ground

buildings, structures or earth works.

Only digging of soil upto 2 ft would be

done for mining of brick earth.

1.9 Underground works including mining

or tunneling?

Yes Mining of brick earth upto 2 ft would be

done for extraction of brick earth.

1.10 Reclamation works?

No There would not be any reclamation

works.

1.11 Dredging?

No There would not be any dredging.

1.12 Offshore structures? No There would not be any offshore

structure.

1.13 Production and manufacturing

processes?

No There would not be any production

process. Only mining operation would

be carried out.

1.14 Facilities for storage of goods or

materials?

Yes The brick earth so excavated would be

stored at the brick kiln site for the

production of raw bricks.

1.15 Facilities for treatment or disposal of

solid waste or liquid effluents?

No No solid wastes would be generated

from the project. Domestic effluent

would be treated in septic tank before its

use for irrigation purposes within the

project area.

1.16 Facilities for long term housing of

operational workers?

No There would not be any long term

housing of operational workers.

1.17 New road, rail or sea traffic during

construction or operation?

No There would not be any new road, rail or

sea traffic during construction or

operation.

1.18 New road, rail, air waterborne or other

transport infrastructure including new

or altered routes and stations, ports,

airports etc?

No There would not be any new road, rail,

air waterborne or other transport

infrastructure including new nor altered

routes and stations, ports, airports etc.

1.19 Closure or diversion of existing

transport routes or infrastructure

leading to changes in traffic

movements?

No There would not be any closure or

diversion of existing transport routes or

infrastructure leading to changes in

traffic movements.

11

1.20 New or diverted transmission lines or

pipelines?

No There would not be any new

transmission line or pipelines.

1.21 Impoundment, damming, culverting,

realignment or other changes to the

hydrology of watercourses or

aquifers?

No There would not be any impoundment,

damming, culverting, realignment or

other changes to the hydrology of

watercourses or aquifers.

1.22 Stream crossings?

No There is no stream crossing at/near the

site.

1.23 Abstraction or transfers of water form

ground or surface waters?

Yes Groundwater would be abstracted

around 6 KLD for domestic and spraying

use at the kiln site.

1.24 Changes in water bodies or the land

surface affecting drainage or run-off?

No There would be no change in water

bodies or the land surface affecting

drainage or run-off.

1.25 Transport of personnel or materials for

construction, operation or

decommissioning?

Yes A limited manpower about 6 persons

would be required from local level for

the mining work. There would not be

any decommissioning activity.

1.26 Long-term dismantling or

decommissioning or restoration

works?

No There is no long-term dismantling or

decommissioning or restoration works.

1.27 Ongoing activity during

decommissioning which could have an

impact on the environment?

No There is no ongoing activity during

decommissioning which could have an

impact on the environment.

1.28 Influx of people to an area in either

temporarily or permanently?

No There would not be any influx of people

to an area in either temporarily or

permanently.

1.29 Introduction of alien species?

No There are no alien species in and around

the unit.

1.30 Loss of native species or genetic

diversity?

Nil There would not be any loss of native

species or genetic diversity.

1.31 Any other actions?

Nil -

2. Use of Natural resources for construction or operation of the Project (such as land,

water, materials or energy, especially any resources which are non-renewable or in

short supply):

S.No.

Information/checklist confirmation

Yes/No

Details thereof (with approximate

quantities /rates, wherever possible)

with source of information data

12

2.1 Land especially undeveloped or

agricultural land (ha)

Yes Around 1.25 hectares of land is to be

mined for excavation of brick earth. The

land is to be leveled w.r.t. the

surrounding area.

2.2 Water (expected source & competing

users) unit: KLD

Yes The total quantity of water consumption

for domestic and spraying use would be

around 6 KL/day

2.3 Minerals (MT) Yes Brick earth from the land would be

recovered upto a depth of 2 ft.

2.4 Construction material – stone,

aggregates, sand / soil (expected source –

MT)

No No construction material is required for

the mining activity.

2.5 Forests and timber (source – MT) No No forest/timber is required for the unit.

2.6 Energy including electricity and fuels

(source, competing users) Unit: fuel

(MT), energy (MW)

Yes Energy in the form of diesel would be

required for the excavation of brick

earth.

2.7 Any other natural resources (use

appropriate standard units)

No

3. Use, storage, transport, handling or production of substances or materials, which could

be harmful to human health or the environment or raise concerns about actual or

perceived risks to human health.

S.No.

Information/Checklist confirmation

Yes/No

Details thereof (with approximate

quantities/rates, wherever possible)

with source of information data

3.1 Use of substances or materials, which

are hazardous (as per MSIHC rules) to

human health or the environment

(flora, fauna, and

water supplies)

No There would not be any use of

substances or materials, which are

hazardous as per Hazardous Wastes

(Management, Handling & Trans

boundary Movement) Rules, 2008 to

human health or the environment.

3.2 Changes in occurrence of disease or

affect disease vectors (e.g. insect or

water borne diseases)

No There would not be any change in

occurrence of disease or affect disease

vectors.

3.3 Affect the welfare of people e.g. by

changing living conditions?

No The project would not affect the welfare

of people.

3.4 Vulnerable groups of people who

could be affected by the project e.g.

No No vulnerable groups of people would

be affected by the project.

13

hospital patients, children, the elderly

etc.,

3.5 Any other causes

No -

4. Production of solid wastes during construction or operation or decommissioning

(MT/month)

S.No.

Information/Checklist confirmation

Yes/No

Details thereof (with approximate

quantities/rates, wherever possible)

with source of information data

4.1 Spoil, overburden or mine wastes Yes The top soil 6" to 12" from the top

surface would be generated. The top soil

would be stored separately and would be

reused for the final leveling of land after

excavation of the brick earth.

4.2 Municipal waste (domestic and or

commercial wastes)

No There would not be any Municipal

Waste.

4.3 Hazardous wastes (as per Hazardous

Waste Management Rules)

No No hazardous wastes would be

generated.

4.4 Other industrial process wastes

No There would not be any other industrial

process wastes.

4.5 Surplus product

No There would not be any surplus product.

The finished product would not be stored

for long term in the industry.

4.6 Sewage sludge or other sludge from

effluent treatment

No There will be about 4 KLD generation of

domestic effluent and whole of the

sewage after treatment in septic tank will

be used for irrigation purposes within the

industry.

4.7 Construction or demolition wastes No There would not be generation of any

construction or demolition wastes from

the unit.

4.8 Redundant machinery or equipment No There would not be any redundant

machinery or equipment in the unit.

4.9 Contaminated soils or other materials No There would not be any contaminated

soils or other materials in the unit.

14

4.10 Agricultural wastes

No There would not be any agricultural

wastes in the unit.

4.11 Other solid wastes

No There will not be any other solid waste

from the unit.

5. Release of pollutants or any hazardous, toxic or noxious substances to air (Kg/hr)

S.No.

Information/Checklist confirmation

Yes/No

Details thereof (with approximate

quantities/rates, wherever possible)

with source of information data

5.1 Emissions from combustion of fossil

fuels from stationary or mobile sources

Yes There would be a generation of

emissions from the combustion of fossil

fuels from the operation of vehicles

during the excavation of the brick earth.

The emissions generations would be

minimal and will not have any

significant impact on the ambient air

quality of the area.

5.2 Emissions from production processes Yes Air emissions would be generated from

the mining of brick earth which would

be suppressed by spraying of water.

5.3 Emissions from materials handling

including storage or transport

Yes Air emissions would be generated from

the handling and storage of brick earth

would be suppressed by spraying of

water.

5.4 Emissions from construction activities

including plant and equipment

No No construction activity will be carried

out.

5.5 Dust or odours from handling of

materials including construction

materials, sewage and waste

No There would not be any dust or odours

from handling of materials including

construction materials, sewage and

waste etc.

5.6 Emissions from incineration of waste No No incineration of waste will be carried

out.

5.7 Emissions from burning of waste in

open air (e.g. slash materials,

construction debris)

No No burning of waste will be carried out.

5.8 Emissions from any other sources

Nil

Generation of Noise and Vibration, and Emissions of Light and Heat:

15

S. No.

Information/Checklist confirmation

Yes/ No

Details thereof (with approximate

quantities/rates, wherever possible)

with source of information data with

source of information data

6.1

From operation of equipment e.g.

engines, ventilation plant, crushers

Yes

No significant noise pollution would be

generated from the operation of brick

earth mining, operation of vehicles etc.

6.2

From industrial or similar processes

No

No industrial process would be carried

out.

6.3

From construction or demolition

No

No construction or demolition activity

would be carried out.

6.4

From blasting or piling

No

No blasting or piling activity would be

carried out.

6.5

From construction or operational

traffic

No

There would not be any noise and

vibration from operational traffic.

6.6

From lighting or cooling systems

No

There would not be any noise

and vibration from lighting or cooling

systems

6.7

From any other sources

No -

7. Risks of contamination of land or water from releases of pollutants into the

ground or into sewers, surface waters, groundwater, coastal waters or the sea:

S. No.

Information/Checklist confirmation

Yes/ No

Details thereof (with approximate

quantities/rates, wherever possible)

with source of information data

7.1

From handling, storage, use or

spillage of hazardous materials

No

There would not be any risk of

contamination of land or water due

to discharge of wastewater.

7.2

From discharge of sewage or other

effluents to water or the land

(expected mode and place of

discharge)

No

There would be discharging around 4

KL/day of domestic effluent and after

treatment it would be used on land for

irrigation purposes.

7.3

By deposition of pollutants emitted

to air into the land or into water

No

Nothing like this will happen.

7.4

From any other sources

No -

16

7.5

Is there a risk of long term build up of

pollutants in the environment from

these sources?

No -

8. Risk of accidents during construction or operation of the Project, which could

affect human health or the environment

S. No.

Information/Checklist confirmation

Yes/ No

Details thereof (with approximate

quantities/rates, wherever possible)

with source of information data

8.1

From explosions, spillages, fires etc

from storage, handling, use or

production of hazardous substances

No

Only opencast mining without drilling

and use of explosives would be carried

out.

8.2

From any other causes

No -

8.3

Could the project be affected by

natural disasters causing

environmental damage (e.g. floods,

earthquakes, landslides, cloudburst

etc)?

No

The project can not be affected by

natural disasters causing environmental

damage (e.g. floods, earthquakes,

landslides, cloudburst etc)

9. Factors which should be considered (such as consequential development) which

could lead to environmental effects or the potential for cumulative impacts with

other existing or planned activities in the locality

S. No.

Information/Checklist confirmation

Yes/ No

Details thereof (with approximate

quantities/rates, wherever possible)

with source of information data

9.1

Lead to development of supporting

utilities, ancillary development or

development stimulated by the project

which could have impact on the

environment e.g.:

• Supporting infrastructure (roads,

power supply, waste or waste water

treatment, etc.)

• housing

development

• extractive

industries

• supply

industries

No

Not Applicable

9.2

Lead to after-use of the site, which

could have an impact on the

environment

No

Not Applicable

9.3

Set a precedent for later developments

No

Not Applicable

17

9.4

Have cumulative effects due to

proximity to other existing or planned

projects with similar effects

No

Not Applicable

(II) ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITY

Sr.

No.

Areas

Name/

Identity

Aerial distance (within 15 km.)

Proposed project location

boundary

1.

Areas protected under international

conventions, national or local

legislation for their ecological,

landscape, cultural or other related value

The area is not protected under

international conventions, national

or local legislation for their ecological,

landscape, cultural or other related

value

2.

Areas which are important or sensitive for ecological reasons - Wetlands, watercourses

or other water bodies, coastal

zone, biospheres, mountains, forests

The area is not important or sensitive for ecological reasons - Wetlands, watercourses or other water bodies, coastal zone, biospheres, mountains, forests

3. Areas used by protected, important or sensitive species of flora or fauna for breeding, nesting, foraging, resting, over wintering, migration

The area in and around 1 km. radius is not used by protected, important or sensitive species of flora or fauna for breeding, nesting, foraging, resting, over wintering, migration.

4.

Inland, coastal, marine or

underground waters

There are no inland, coastal, marine or

underground waters which would be

affected area in and around 1 km.

radius of the project site.

5.

State, National boundaries

Haryana boundary (interstate

boundary) exists at a distance of

around 32 kms from the site. There is

no national boundary within an area of

5 kms.

6

Routes or facilities used by the public

for access to recreation or other tourist,

pilgrim areas

There are no recreation or other tourist,

pilgrim areas within 1 km radius of the

project site.

7

Defence installations

No defence installations within 1 km

radius of the project site.

8

Densely populated or built-up area

No densily populated town within 1

km radius of the project site.

9

Areas occupied by sensitive man-made

land uses (hospitals, schools, places

Hospitals, Schools, Place of Worship,

Community Facilities etc. are located

18

of worship, community facilities) more than 1 km from the project site.

10

Areas containing important, high quality

or scarce resources

(ground water resources, surface

resources, forestry, agriculture,

fisheries, tourism, minerals)

There is no important area containing

high quality or scarce resources such

as ground water resources, surface

resources, forestry, agriculture,

fisheries, tourism, minerals within 1km

radius of the project site.

11

Areas already subjected to pollution or

environmental damage. (those where

existing legal environmental standards

are exceeded)

No, the area is not subjected to

pollution or environmental damage.

12

Areas susceptible to natural hazard

which could cause the project to present

environmental problems (earthquakes,

subsidence, landslides, erosion,

flooding or extreme or adverse

climatic conditions)

The surrounding 1 km radius area is

not susceptible to natural hazard

which could cause the project to

present environmental problems

19

Chapter – 2

PROJECT PROFILE

2.1 The Project

M/S Guru Nanak Enterprises Village Raipur Tehsil and District Patiala The unit is engaged

in the production of bricks from brick earth. The average daily production capacity of the

brick kin is 20000 bricks/day. The industry has got the consents to operate from the

Punjab Pollution Control Board for the operation of the brick kiln. The industry is also registered

with the industries department for the mining of brick earth.

2.1 Details of the mining site(s) M/S Guru Nanak Enterprises Village Raipur

Tehsil and District Patiala have taken land on

lease basis for the mining of brick earth for the

production of raw bricks. The details of the

mining site(s) where the BKO has to carry out

the mining operations for the production of brick

earth are as follows;Name and address of the

lessee

Ravinder Kaur

Mining

land area

HADBAST NO 338 1) KHATONI NO 23 KHEWAT 12/21 KHASRA NO 713/236 ( 4-0), 709/213(3-0)706/212(3-0) 705/211(1-15)703/210(0-19)252(2-7)

3.10 (acres) 0.51 Hectare

Village Kheri Mandlan

Tehsil Patiala

District Patiala

State Punjab

Status of

lessee

Private

Ownership

Lease

period

12/04/2018 to 12/4/2020

20

Mining

proposal relating to

New mining of

brick earth

Depth of

mining activity to be carried out

2 ft.

2.2 Details of the General Topography

The area falls under the Indo-Gangetic alluvial plains. The geological

formations met within the district comprise alluvium of quaternary

age. It consists of alternating beds of sand, silt and clay. In the

southwestern part , the alluvium is over lain by thin layer unstratified

loam.

The topographical details of the mining site(s) under consideration is as below;

Site identification Site 1

Topographical Sheet No. NA

Latitude 30.3751447

Longitude 76.5148607

Elevation above mean

sea level

218.5

Nature of terrain Plain

Land

Existing Nalas, water

bodies, channels in the

lease area and nearby

No nalas, water bodies, channels in the lease area and nearby

within 500 meter radius of the mining area

Distance of mining site

from National Highway/

State Highway/Railway

Lines

The mining site is more than 3 kms. away from any National

Highway/State Highway/Railway Lines.

2.3 Requirements of brick earth

As stated above, the brick kiln owner would produce around 20000 bricks per day and the

21

production process is done for 200 days in a year. Therefore annual brick production would

be around 4000000 bricks. The size of bricks produced in India is 228 x 107 x 69 mm.

Average volume of brick produced is 0.001683 m3. Annual brick earth required on dry basis

for the production of 40,00,000 bricks is 6732 m3. Considering the brick earth requirements

as 1.1 times the actual requirements on dry basis, the annual brick earth requirements would

be around 7500 m3. The owner of the brick kiln has proposed to mine the brick earth for an

effective depth of 1 meter. Therefore, the existing mining area is sufficient for 4years of

brick earth production for the brick kiln under consideration. However, the B K O has taken

the lease for three year.

2.4 Process Description

The mining activity would involve surface mining. The process steps involved in the

surface mining of brick earth are marking of land, preparation of site for mining

activity, excavation of brick earth and loading of brick earth. The project does not involve

any processes as drilling, blasting and beneficiation etc.

2.4 Utilities

General amenities : The site is located in village Kheri Mandlan and the distance of the

mining site from the village population is around 800 meters. There are no places of

worship, ancient monuments, wildlife sanctuary etc. within 500 meters of the site.

Connectivity: The connectivity of the mining site is through village road. The project

entrance is not attached with the National highway/State Highway/Major District

road.

Power Requirements : The mining activity would be carried out in one shift (i.e.

general shift) only, so no lighting arrangement will be required.

Water Requirements : Water requirements during the mining activity would be for the

spraying of water on the road and trucks carrying the brick earth. Further, water would

be required for meeting the domestic requirements. Overall, the water requirements

would be less than 8 KL/day for all the purposes.

22

Chapter – 3

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS PREDICTION

3.0 The most probable impacts on various components of the surrounding environment due

to the proposed activity have been predicted. The selection of the factors require due

consideration to;

a) The extent to which the action will cause environmental effects in excess of

those created by existing uses in the area affected by it

b) The absolute quantitative environmental effects of the action itself, including

the cumulative harm that results from its contribution to existing adverse

conditions or uses in the affected area

c) The extent to which the proposed action is consistent with local development

plans

3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

3.1.1 Construction Activities

The mining activity will involve minor on-site civil construction activities during mining

activity. The construction will include temporary accommodation for the labour

involved in the mining activity, construction of temporary path for the movement of

vehicles etc. The labour requirement will be minimal. No permanent housing of labour

would be there at the mining site. To meet domestic requirement, less than 2 m3/day of

fresh water will be required. Regular transportation of brick earth to the brick kiln site

will cause minor increase in vehicular traffic in the area.

3.1.2 Local Resource Use

Mining of brick earth will require slicing of top soil layer. In Punjab, the land formation

is Indo-Genetic plain and Sutlej sub-basin of Indus basin. Due to sediment formation of

land, the whole of the area is having fertile soils upto minimum 10 meters of depth.

Digging of 1 meter depth of soil will not have any adverse impact on the local resource

use. In most of the cases, the digging of brick earth is done for the leveling of land w.r.t.

the surrounding areas. Baking of the bricks will generate significant amount of

combustion emissions. The activities will have negative impact

which needs to be balanced for environmental sound practices.

23

3.1.3 Generation and Disposal of Waste

Only domestic effluent will be generated, which would be used for irrigation purpose

after treatment.

3.1.4 Change in Transportation Pattern

The mining site is located on the village road. The road is primarily being used by the

local inhabitants for their routine practices. Due to the proposed mining project, there is

expected to be increase in vehicular movement. It is suggested that the

transportation of brick earth would be carried out at a time which is suitable to the

local villagers. Additional suitable measures would be adopted so that the traffic

movement during mining activity do not hinder the movement of the villagers of the

area.

3.2 IMPACT IDENTIFICATION 3.2.1 Mining Activities

Air quality

The mining activity being very light in nature, it will have very

minimal effect on atmosphere due to dust from excavation of soil.

The affect will be limited to site only and in no case the RSPM in

the ambient area will go beyond the applicable norms.

Water quality

There will not be any effect on quality of surface water or ground

water due to the mining activity. The water requirement will be

less than 20 m3

per day, which will be fulfilled using ground

water.

Natural hazards &

geologic effects

No significant impact.

Biological effects

No significant impact.

Noise effects

Though there will be some noise associated with the activities, at

no stage it will be stressed beyond permissible limits.

Energy supply effects

Little increase of fossil fuel consumption to supplement energy

requirements. The affect is inevitable and not specific to this

area/site. Hence, it has to be ignored.

24

3.2.2 Local Resource Use

Aesthetic environment No significant impact.

3.2.3 Transportation

Air quality

Vehicular emissions will increase marginally but its affect will

be insignificant in comparison to existing scenario.

Water quality

No significant impact.

Natural hazards &

geologic effects

No significant impact.

Biological effects

No significant impact.

Economic

environment

The activity will generate extra job and business opportunities

contributing to positive economic growth in and around the area.

Thus, effects are beneficial.

Aesthetic environment

No significant effect.

Air quality

Brick making will put some stress on air quality. But adequate

measures will minimize effects well within the prescribed limits.

Water quality

No significant impact.

Natural hazards &

geologic effects

The requirements of brick earth will need slicing of top soil layer

(for bricks). This will alter lithospheric character of the source

area. The effect is inevitable and not specific to this area/site.

Hence, it has to be ignored.

Biological effects

No significant impact.

Noise effects

No significant impact.

Energy supply effects

No significant impact.

Social environment

No significant impact.

Economic

environment

Generate increased business activity resulting in beneficial

effects.

25

Noise effects

Marginal increase in noise due to vehicular movement, but well

within permissible limits.

Energy supply effects

Increased fossil fuel requirement. The effect is inevitable and not

specific to this area/site. Hence, it has to be ignored.

Social environment

No significant impact.

Economic

environment

Generate increased business activity.

Aesthetic environment

No significant impact.

3.2.4 Generation and Disposal of Wastes

Air quality

The agro residues generated from the land would be collected and

used as fuel in the brick kiln.

Water quality

No significant effect.

Natural hazards &

geologic effects

No significant effect.

Biological effects

The slicing of top layer of earth from the land would help in the

reduction of impacts of pesticides which are concentrated in the

top soil.

Noise effects

No significant effect.

Energy supply effects

No significant effect.

Social environment No significant effect.

Economic

environment

No significant effect.

Aesthetic environment No significant effect.

26

Chapter – 4

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

4.0 The environmental management plan (EMP) is meant to ensure that the adverse

residual environmental impacts, if any, due to the regular operations of the project, are

completely checked or, otherwise, minimised. Further, the EMP also warrant compliance

with all the statutory requirements applicable to the project, from time-to- time right

from the conception.

While evolving an effective and feasible EMP, due consideration has been accorded to

the technological as well as the economic aspects. The EMP addresses the

following facts;

• The appropriate mitigation measures

• Steps to augment environmental capacity building

• The house-keeping practices

• The state of socio-economic issues

The plan is expected to cater to the environmental and other related issues of the project,

comprehensively, and manage its environmental performance.

4.1 MITIGATION MEASURES

As a result of the mining related actions, some activities have significant

environmental concerns. Appropriate mitigation measures have been recommended to

take care of these concerns and minimize resulting damage to the environment.

Topsoil Management – The top soil of the land containing agro residues would be

stored separately and would be reused for leveling of the land after excavation of the

brick earth. The depth of the top soil which would be stored separately would be 6

inch deep from its surface. Therefore, each brick earth mining operation would

require a top soil storage space of around 200 m2

for every acre of land.

Overburden Dumps Management – Every precaution would be taken for the un-

utilizable overburden generated from the mining activity. The overburden of

generated any would be stored separately and would be used for the filling of low

27

lying area not being used for agricultural purposes. All the overburden generated during

the mining activity would be lifted and utilized for the filling of low lying non

agricultural area before the closure of the mining activity.

Rain Water Runoff Management – Mining activity for brick earth would not be carried

out in the rainy season. Natural flow of rain water in its natural path would be maintained

and no obstruction would be created by way of unplanned mining activities. Further,

to control the rain water runoff during non seasonal rains garland drain around the site

would be made and the rain water would be collected in a temporary pit constructed for the

storage of rain water. The rain water would then be reused for spraying on brick earth or on

roads.

Fugitive Emissions – To control the fugitive emissions, during the mining of brick earth,

water would be sprayed on the trucks carrying the dry brick earth from the mining site to

the brick kiln. Similarly, water would be sprayed on the roads leading from the mining

activity to the brick kiln to suppress the fugitive emissions due to the movement of the

vehicles. Water @ less than 20 m3

would be used for the spraying operations. The project

proponents would use tractor trolley for the spraying of water on roads and trucks carrying

brick earth.

Noise Control – The only source of noise generation would be the operation of the

excavation equipments and movement of vehicles. It would be ensured that the

mining activity is carried out during the day time only. Further, the drivers of the vehicles

plying on the road would be given strict instructions for the minimum use of horns. Pressure

horns would be strictly prohibited.

Mine Closure Plan – After the completion of mining activity, the lease holder would level

the land and reuse the top soil for leveling. During closure of the mining operations,

it would be strictly checked that the overburden or any other waste is not used for the

leveling which may create problems for the agricultural use of the land.

Green Area Development - The mining lease holders would make appropriate plantation

within area of lease/within Brick kiln area. It would be ensured that the mine owners

would report the achievement of the target of tree plantation by way of giving number of

plants that survive and not by the number of plants planted by them.

28

Septic tank for domestic treatment - A septic tank would be constructed for the

treatment of domestic effluent generated from the mining site.

4.2 COMPLIANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS

M/s Guru Nanak Enterprises have taken land on lease basis for the mining of brick earth

for the production of raw bricks. M/S Guru Nanak Entrprises Village Raipur

Mandlan Tehsil and District Patiala through its Ravider Kaur would comply with the

following environmental laws as applicable to them:

1. The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act,1974

2. The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Cess Act,1977

3. The Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act,1981

4. Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

4.3 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

In the absence of fully mechanized mining, the pollution will be minimum and

hence it has no adverse affect on health of the workers as well as people of

surrounding area. As the mining operation is open cast and manual, there is

hardly any chance of an accident / fire.However, for developing better working

conditions within the mining lease area in terms of safety ad health for welfare

of labor, management proposes to adopt the following measures.

1) First aid facility shall be available at the brick kiln site.

2) Regular check up of the workers by doctors / compounders of Govt.

dispensary for diseases and needful treatment.

4.4 MANAGEMENT AND BUDGTING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT PLAN

The efficiency of system, depends not only on the infrastructure but also on the

level of commitment form the facility management and the kind of manpower

and resources provided for its optimal working.

1. M/S Guru Nanak Enterprises Village Raipur Tehsil and District Patiala

through Ravinder Kaur would be responsible for the implementation of

the Environmental Management Plan of the brick earth mining project.

The EMP would be implemented within 1 years from the date of grant of

environmental clearance.

29

2. The BKO has committed to spend around Rs. 30,000/- in two years on the

environmental management systems within the project. The activities

included in the EM would be plantation of trees in brick kiln area and

mining area, reclaiming of land with top soil, reuse of rain water for

sprinkling etc

MINING PLAN

INTRODUCTORY NOTES

Very small B'2' category mines: All B2 Category mines excluding very small B2 category mines i.e. manual opencast mines not using explosives and where the average daily employment does not exceed 6.

1 GENERAL

a Name of the applicant M/S Guru Nanak Enterprises

Address Village Raipur Tehsil and District Patiala

District PATIALA

State Punjab

30

Pin Code 147001

Phone 9614012593

Status of Applicant BKO

Mineral (s) Which the applicant intends to mine.

Bricks earth

Period for which the mining lease is required or granted/renewed

2 year

2 LOCATION

Detail of Location (with location map) attached

District & State Patiala State Punjab

Tehsil Patiala

Village Kheri Mandlan

Khasra No. As per Agreement

Area 1.25 Hec

Whether the area is in the forest (please specify whether protected, reserved etc.)

No

Ownership/Occupancy

Toposheet No. with Latitude and Longitude

Annexure 1, Site1

Topographical sheet No. Annexure 1

Latitude 30.3751447 Longitude 76.5148607 Land use pattern Agriculture use only

b Attach a location map showing boundaries of the mining lease, adjoining areas roadways, railways, natural drainage system and any other surface features, if any. It is preferred that the area be marked on a Survey of India topographical map or a cadastral map or forest map as the case may be. However, if none of these are available, the area should be marked on a plan prepared especially for the purpose on a scale of 1: 5000 linking it with any important reference point available in and around the area.

Topographical map of 1 km. radius attached as annexure II.

3 GEOLOGY AND EXPLORATION

Describe briefly the general topography explaining whether it is a plain land or a hilly area and local geology of the mineral deposit within the leasehold.

The area falls under the Indo-Gangetic alluvial plains. The geological formations met within the district comprise alluvium of quaternary age. It consists of alternating beds of sand, silt and clay. In the southwestern part, the alluvium is over laid by thin layer unstrained loam.

4 RESERVES

Give details of the reserves using standard methods of estimation.

The lease holders would mine the brick earth upto 2 feet depth and hence would excavate less than 80 m3 ordinary earth.

5 DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION PROGRAM

a Outline briefly, year wise, development The lease holders are having the mining

31

and production program for five years. Also indicate the precautions to be observed to prevent hap-hazard excavation of pits, scattering of wastes and avoidable loss of mineral in ground

lease of Four year for the excavation of Bricks earth. During this period, the lease holders would excavate around 13500 MT in three Years. 6700 MT Per Year To prevent the effect of excavation of the surrounding area, the lease holders would leave 03' ft. land around the boundary so that there is no negative impact on the surrounding lands. The top soil i.e. 6 inch would be stored at the mining i.e. and would be reused for leveling after the mining operations are complete.

b State average daily employment for the mining activity

Less than 6 persons

6 WASTE DISPOSAL ARRANGEMENTS

Describe briefly the arrangements made for the top soil, mineral reject and waste disposal including precautions to be taken in the selection of disposal site(s) along with their respective quantity likely to be generated for the five years

The top soil i.e. 6 inch would be stored at the mining site and would be reused for leveling after the mining operations are complete There would not be any mineral reject from the mining.

7 RECLAMATION PLAN

Describe briefly the year wise reclamation plan

After the excavation of the ordinary earth, the top soil stored at the site would be used for the leveling of the land.

a Rivers Courses No river courses within 500 meters of the mining area

b Nalas No nalas within 500 meters of the mining area

c Water Tanks No water tanks within 500 meters of the mining area

d Villages/Houses/Hutments, agriculture land

No Villages/houses/hutments within 500 meters of the mining area. Only agricultural land is surrounded by the mining site.

e Important Monuments No monuments within 500 meters of the mining area

ANY OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION

NA

32

1. DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT

The Government of India, Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate change has made

certain amendments in, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification No.

S.O.1533(E) dated 14.09.2006 issued by the erstwhile Ministry of Environment and Forest.,

vide notification no. S.O.141(E) dated 15.01.2016 and notification no. S.O. 190(E) dated

20.01.2016. These amendments led to the constitution of the District Level Environment

Impact Assessment Authority (DEIAA) at district level for grant of environmental

clearances for category B2 projects ( B2 category projects pertaining to mining of minor

33

minerals of lease area less than or equal to 5 hectares) for mining of minor minerals, for all

the districts in the country. DEIAA comprises of following members:

1 District Magistrate or District Collector of the district Chairperson

2 Senior most Divisional Forest Officer in the district Member

3 An expert member to be nominated by the Divisional Member

Commissioner or Chief Conservator of the Forest

4 Sub-Divisional Magistrate or Sub-Divisional Officer Member Secretary

of the district head quarter

Ordinary sand other than sand use for prescribed purposes and some other minerals

have been specified as minor mineral in Sec 3(E) of The Mines and Minerals ( Development

and Regulation) Act, 1957. The Central Government in addition to some other minor

minerals have also declared the ordinary earth (used for filling or leveling purposes in

construction or embankments, roads, railways and buildings) and brick earth as the minor

minerals. The Government of Punjab vide notification no. S.O.22/P.A.9/1996/S.3/2008

dated 28.03.2008 have acquired the rights of ordinary clay, ordinary sand other than sand

use for prescribed purposes, brick earth and ordinary earth (used for filling or leveling

purposes in construction or embankments, roads, railways and buildings) in addition to some

other minor minerals.. The DEIAA shall base its decisions on the recommendations of

District Level Expert Appraisal Committee (DEAC). It comprises of following members

1. Senior most Executive Engineer, Irrigation Department Chairperson

2. Senior most Sub-Divisional Officer (Forest) Member

3. A representative of Remote Sensing Department or Geology Department Member

or State Ground Water Department to be nominated by the District

Magistrate or District Collector

4. Occupational health expert or Medical Officer to be nominated by the Member

District Magistrate or District Collector

5. Engineer from Zila Parishad Member

6. A representative of State Pollution Control Board or Committee Member

7. An expert to be nominated by the Divisional Commissioner or Chief Member

Conservator of Forest

8. An expert to be nominated by the Divisional Commissioner or Chief Member

Conservator of Forest

9. An expert to be nominated by the Divisional Commissioner or Chief Member

Conservator of Forest

10. Senior most Assistant Engineer, Public Works Department Member

11. Assistant Director or Deputy Director or District Mines Officer or Member-

Geologist in the district in that order Secretary

34

District Survey Report (DSR) is required to identify the areas of aggradations or

depositions where mining can be allowed and identification of areas of erosion and

proximity to infrastructural structures and installations where mining should be prohibited

and calculation of annual rate of replenishment and allowing time for replenishment after

mining in that area. The District Survey Report (DSR) shall form the basis for application

for environmental clearance, preparation of reports and appraisal of projects. The Report

shall be updated once every five years.

2. BRIEF HISTORYOF THE DISTRICT

Punjab is divided geographically into three regions, known as Malwa (a region of

Punjab south of the river Sutlej) , Majha (comprising districts of Amritsar, Pathankot,

Gurdaspur and Tarn Taran.) and Doaba (the region of Indian Punjab between the rivers

Beas and Sutlej) . Patiala district falls in the Malwa region. Patiala was one of the famous

erstwhile princely states of Punjab. After independence of India, the Patiala became the

capital of erstwhile Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU). It was created by

combining eight princely states of Patiala, Jind, Nabha, Kapurthala, Faridkot, Kalsia,

Malerkotla and Nalagarh. Following the States Reorganisation Act 1956, the PEPSU was merged into

Punjab State on 1st November 1956.

3. PHYSIOGRAPHY

Patiala district forms the south-eastern part of the state, it lies between 290 49’ and 30

0

47’ north latitude, 750 58’ and 76

0 54’ east longitude. Elevation above sea level is 258 m =

846 ft . It is surrounded by the districts of Fatehgarh Sahib and S.A.S Nagar Mohali in the

North, Sangrur district in the west, Ambala and Kuruksetra districts of neighbouring state of

Haryana in the east and Kaithal district of Haryana in the south.

Connectivity to District Patiala: Patiala district is well connected by road and rail network.

Patiala is about 250 kms from National capital New Delhi and 70 kms from State capital

Chandigarh. The nearest railway junction is at Rajpura town and the nearest airports are at

Mohali ( 70 kms), Amritsar (235 kms) and New Delhi ( 250 kms).

4. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

35

Patiala district is spread over an area of 3325 sq. kms and it is fifth largest District of

Punjab in terms of area.

36

Description 2011 2001

Actual Population 1,895,686 1,584,780

Male 1,002,522 845,230

Female 893,164 739,550

Population Growth 19.62% 17.84%

Area Sq. Km 3,325 3,325

Density/km2 570 499

Proportion to Punjab Population 6.83% 6.51%

Sex Ratio (Per 1000) 891 875

Child Sex Ratio (0-6 Age) 837 776

Average Literacy

75.28

69.30

Male Literacy 80.20 75.30

Female Literacy 69.80 62.50

Total Child Population (0-6 Age) 212,892 0

Male Population (0-6 Age) 115,917 0

Female Population (0-6 Age)

96,975

0

Literates

1,266,791

0

Male Literates 711,052 0

Female Literates 555,739 0

Child Proportion (0-6 Age) 11.23% 0.00%

Boys Proportion (0-6 Age)

11.56%

0.00%

10.86%

0.00%

Girls Proportion (0-6 Age)

37

5. ADMINISTRATIVE SET UP

No. of Sub Divisions 5 Patiala

Nabha

Rajpura

Samana

Patran

No. of Tehsils 5 Patiala

Nabha

Rajpura

Samana

Patran

No. of Sub-Tehsils 3 Bhadson

Dudan Sadan

Ghanour

Development Blocks 8 Patiala

Nabha

Rajpura

Samana

Patran

Ghanour

Sanour

Bhunerheri

Panchayats 1012

38

8. RAINFALL & CLIMATE

The climate of Patiala district can be classified as tropical steppe, Semi-arid and hot

which is mainly dry with very hot summer and cold winter except during monsoon. There are

four seasons in a year. The hot weather season starts from mid March to last week of the June

followed by the south west monsoon which lasts upto September. The transition period from

September to October forms the post monsoon season. The winter season starts late in

November and remains upto first week of March. The normal monsoon and annual rainfall of

the district is 547 mm and 677 mm , respectively which is unevenly distributed over the area.

The south west monsoon, sets in from last week of June and withdraws in end of September,

contributing about 81% of annual rainfall. July and August are the wettest months. Rest 19%

rainfall is received during non-monsoon period in the wake of western disturbances and

thunderstorms. Generally rainfall in the district increases from southwest to northeast. The

mean minimum and maximum temperature in the area ranges from 7.1o C to 40.4

o C during

January and May or June respectively.

Temperature & Rainfall in Patiala:

Month Average Temperature Centigrade Average Rainfall Millimeters

January 14 36

February 14 35

March 16 40

April 19 48

May 22 0

June 26 89

July 28 117

August 28 96

September 26 40

October 23 41

November 20 40

December 19 40

39

9. GEOMORPHOLOGY AND SOIL TYPES

The district area is occupied by Indo-Gangetic alluvial plain and consists of three

types of region viz. the Upland plain, the Cho-infested Foothill Plain and the Floodplain of

the Ghaggar river. The elevation of land ranges from 240 to 278 m amsl. Due to arid climate,

the soils are light coloured. Tropical arid brown soils exist in the major parts of the district.

Here soils are deficient in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. In Patran and Samana blocks,

soils are arid brown soils occur. These are calcareous in nature and in most cases kankar

layers occur.

Information on Soil for the District (Area in Hectares)

Sr. Name of Alluvial Salt Deficient

No. Block in Micro

Loamy Sandy Loam Silt Clay Affected nutrient

Sand Loam Loam Loam Zn, Mn, Fe, etc.

1 Patiala 420 25225 8452 8030 0 219 4261

2 Nabha 0 56760 4936 0 0 746 15611

3 Samana 1990 33837 3981 0 0 3 11943

4 Patran 0 4155 33239 0 2077 3 10388

5 Bhunerheri 24692 0 0 6350 4233 1044 328

6 Sanour 0 12963 7408 11110 5554 714 3825

7 Rajpura 2051 2032 408 30609 6123 219 398

8 Ghanour 0 0 10937 12262 9942 197 6113

29153 134972 69361 68361 27929 3145

10. LAND USE PATTERN ( Area in Hectares)

Sub Villa Geogra Under Barr Unclu Perma Cultur Under More Total

divisio ge phical Forest en tivate nent able cultiva than cultivat

n area Area Lan d land Pasture waste tion one ed area

d s land area time

cultiva

ted

area

Patiala 374 114540 4790 1925 16325 0 1507 89993 87880 177873

Nabha 175 62442 4468 739 5842 12 473 50908 50607 101515

Rajpura 270 62164 1462 896 7757 0 1415 50634 48925 99559

Patran 97 46306 318 246 6061 0 1159 38522 34857 73379

Samana 96 36847 1376 198 3190 0 1987 30096 29734 59830

Total 1012 322299 12414 3884 39175 12 6541 260153 252003 512156

40

11. GROUND WATER SCENARIO

• Hydrogeology : The district is occupied by Indo-Gangetic alluvial plain of

Quaternary age, and falls in Ghaggar basin. The ground water occurs in alluvium

formations comprising fine to coarse sand, which forms the potential aquifers. In the

shallow aquifer ( up to 50m) ground water occurs under unconfined/water table

conditions, where as in deeper aquifer, semi-confined/confined conditions exist. The

traditional dugwells tapping the shallow aquifer are not in use and most of them have

been abandoned, however, this aquifer is being tapped by the hand pumps and shallow

tube wells, which are widely used for domestic purposes. The permeable granular

zones comprising fine to mediumgrained sand and occasionally coarse sand and

gravel.Their lateral and vertical extent is limited. The borehole data reveals that clay

group of formations dominate over the sand group in the district area. Ground water in

the district occurs in the alluvium under water table and semi confined to confined

conditions.

• Water level behavior: The depth to water level ranges from 4.43 to 20.62 m bgl

during pre monsoon period and 6.99 to 24.28 m bgl during post monsoon period. The

seasonal fluctuation varies from 0.03 to (-) 3.66 m in the area. The long-term water

level trend indicates average fall of 0.50 m/year.The long term water level trend is

also showing little rise being 0.24 m/year around majauli, which is insignificant with

respect to entire area.

• Ground water flow: The elevation of the water table in the district varies from 230 m

to 300 m above mean sea level. The highest elevation is in the northeastern part and

the lowest in the southwestern part and reflects the topographic gradients. The

hydraulic gradient in the northern eastern part is steep, whereas, in the southwestern

part, it is gentle. The overall flow of ground water is from northeast to south-west

direction.

• Notified blocks of the district by Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) : In

Patiala district- Patiala, Patran and Sanour blocks have been notified for control and

regulation of ground water.

41

Block wise Ground Water Balance of District Patiala (Study Period 1995-97)

Sr. No. Block Geographical Depth of tube- Water Table

Area ( ha) wells (mtr) (mtr)

1 Patiala 42261 40-60 13.50-19.55

2 Nabha 62442 40-60 15.26-21.54

3 Samana 39811 45-60 19.18-20.65

4 Patran 41552 45-75 25

5 Bhunerheri 36319 45-75 19.6-26.56

6 Sanour 37750 45-60 15.20-20.10

7 Rajpura 41031 40-60 9.60-18.94

8 Ghanour 33338 40-60 3.71-14.42

12. FOREST

The forests play a vital role in shaping the characteristic conditions of an area.

Besides , these also influence the economic and social life of the people considerably. The

forests provide valuable timber, medicinal herbs and raw material for industries and also

provide employment and play a vital role in conserving the soil and ensure timely rains.

• Description of Land and Forest areas: The track forms a part of indo-Gangetic

alluvial plain and is more or less flat terrain having general slope from north-east to

south-west. Some of the Birs have streams , choes and nallah course passing through

them namely Ghaggar, Markanda, Tangri, Patiala nadi, Sirhind Choe etc. These

streams cause occasional floods, especially during the rainy season. The most affected

forest areas by such flash floods include Bir Miranpur Ghogpur, Bir Moti Bagh and

Bir Gurdialpura. All these streams merge with Ghaggar river in Patiala District except

Sirhind Choe. In some of the Forest like Bir Bhunerheri, Bir Miranpur Ghogpur and

Bir Gurdialpura, the floodwater receded after 1-3 months. Sirhind choe enters Patiala

district near Bhadson and after flowing through Bir Agol enters Sangrur District

towards the South-West.

Various landforms found in the district are alluvial plain, flood plain and

palaeo channels. Alluvial plains constitute major portion of the district. Part of the

alluvial plain is susceptible to local flooding and thus has good moisture. At place, it

has salt encrustations. Flood plain is a sloping tract along the Ghaggar river and other

small rivulets.

42

• Distribution of Forest: The Patiala district is divided into four major categories

namely Birs or the Block forests, roadside , rail side, canal side and drain side. The

distribution of areas is as follows:

Sr. No. Category Area (Ha)

1 Birs 2655.41

2 Road 3992.65

3 Rail 510.60

4 Canals 3958.31

5 Drains 200.00

11316.97

• The Birs / Block Forests: The original vegetation in the Bir areas were of the dry

tropical thorn and scrub forests which fall under the Sub-group 5-B ( Northern

Tropical Dry Mixed Deciduous Forests). The forest occurring in Patiala, Nabha ,

Samana and Bhadson forest ranges fall under the main forest type Saline and Alkaline

Scrub Savannah sub- type E8 of Group 5-B.

• Strip Forest: It runs along roads, railways, canal and drains. Eucalypts exists in pure

stands and in gaps of middle aged to mature. Kikar is slowly depleting on the

roadsides because of unfavourable conditions. Natural regeneration of all species is

scarce. Of late, apart from Shisham new species like Arjun, White Siris, Burma

Neem, dek, Ailanthus, Jamoa, Jaman, Australian Kikar etc. have been introduced.

This is done mainly to have mixtures of plantations and divergence.

The condition of the crop at most of the places is quite good, only the crops

along the railways and drains have yielded poor results.

43

12.1 BLOCK FORESTS

In District Patiala, there are 12 birs / Block Forests:-

Sr.No. Name of Village / Forest Hadbast No.

1 Bir Kule Majra Hadbast No. 143

2 Bir Majal Khurd Hadbast No. 207

(New Hadbast No. 205)

3 Bir Kheri Gujjran Hadbast No. 34

4 Bir Sanaur Hadbast No. 121

5 Bir Kartarpura Hadbast No. 119

6 Bir Miranpur Hadbast No. 267

7 Bir Ghogpur Hadbast No. 263

(New Hadbast No. 267)

8 Bir Bhunerheri Hadbast No. 154

9 Bir Bhorey Agoul Hadbast No. 167

10 Bir Gurdialpura Hadbast No.

11 Bir Mallah Kheri Hadbast No. 76

12 Bir Anniah Dherian Hadbast No. 204

12.2 WILD LIFE SANCTUARIES There are six wildlife sanctuaries in the district namely:

Sr.No. Name Area in Ha

1 Bir Moti Bagh 524.48 ha

2 Bir Dosanjh 540.68 ha

3 Bir Mehans 123.43 ha

4 Bir Bhadson 1064.80 ha

5 Bir Bhunerheri 661.66 ha

6 Bir Gurdialpura 620.53 ha

44

13. FAUNA AND FLORA

• Fauna: The district is rich in animals and birds and the following are mainly found in

the district:-

Sr. No. Animals Birds

1 Blue Bull Pigeon

2 Hog deer Sparrow

3 Wild Boar Parrot

4 Jackal Wood Pecker

5 Common Mangoose Peacock

6 Common Indian Hare House Crow

7 Rhesus Monkey Common Babbler

8 Jungle Cat Kingfisher

• Flora: The district is rich in Flora. The following various species of plants and forest

trees are mainly found in Patiala district:-

1 Khair 9 Karir 17 Drek

2 Reru 10 Tun 18 Burma Drek

3 Kikar 11 Lasura 19 Toot

4 Bel 12 Shisham 20 Khajoor

5 Neem 13 Safeda 21 Poplar

6 Kachnar 14 Bohar 22 Jamun

7 Dhak 15 Pipal 23 Ber

8 Amaltas 16 Amb 24 Bakain

45

14. HORTICULTURE

The topography and agro-climatic conditions of the district are quite suitable for the productions of various fruits and vegetables.

HORTICULUTURE PROFILE OF DISTRICT PATIALA

(YEAR 2014-15) (Area in Hectares)

Sr.No. Descriptions

1 Geographical Area 322190

2 Forest Area 12410

3 Barren Land 4240

4 Non-Agriculture use 36600

5 Net Area Sown 261400

6 Cropping Intensity (%) 198.52

7 Net Irrigated Area 261280

8 Area under Fruits 2337 Hac.

Kinnow 83 Guava 941 Ber 156

Sweet Orange 25 Pear 114 Amla 1

Lemon 77 Peach 150 Banana 1

Mango 376 Plum 14 Others 386

Litchi 8 Grapes 5

9 Area under Vegetables 15771 Hac

Potato 4313 Cauliflower 1012 Water Melon 41

Onion 1985 Okra 344 Vine Crops 796

Garlic 417 Cabbage 872 Roots Crop 964

Tomato 1252 Peas 1654 Others 226

Brinjal 590 Musk Melon 483

10 Area under Flowers

1. Loose Flowers 80 Hac. 2. Cut Flower 41.6 Hac

3 . Flower Seed 82 Hac.

11 Govt. Garden & Nursery, Mall Road, Patiala 2 Acre

Govt. Garden & Nursery, Wazidpur, Patiala 22 Acre

Govt. Garden & Nursery, Circular Road, Nabha, Patiala 2 Acre

Baradari Garden, Patiala -

12 No. of Poly House / Net House 69 Area 2.40 Lakh

Sq. Mt.

13 No. of Processing units 13 Capacity 39 Mt. Ton

14 No. of cold Store 28 Capacity 116800 Mt.

Ton

15 Mushroom Growers 20 Unit Capacity 508 Mt. Ton

16 No. of Bee Keeper 173 No of Boxes 27000

46

15. AGRICULTURE

Agriculture is the main occupation of the people in the District, having different types of

soil and agro-climate conditions which are quite suitable for the growing of various types of

cereals, vegetables, fruits and other crops . The major crops grown in the district are Wheat,

Paddy, Maize, Sugarcane, Oil seeds, sunflower and barley. Crop wise area is given below:

CROPS 2012-2013 2013-2014 2014-2015

Area Yield Prod Area Yield Prod Area Yield Prod

(in (in (in

Ha) Ha) Ha)

Wheat 234 4798 1123 232 4968 1153 233 4396 1024

Paddy(Rice) 233 3956 922 231 4153 959 230 3930 904

Maize 1 4149 4 1 4867 5 1 5447 5

Sugarcane 2 7613 15 3 7747 23 3 7476 22

(Gur)

Oilseeds 1 1434 2 1 1431 1.4 1 1685 1.7

Sunflower 1 1631 1.6 1.3 1918 2.5 1 1946 2

Barely 1 3548 3 1 4458 4233 1 4069 4.1

Information on Rain-fed and Irrigated Area ( in Ha)

Sr. Name of Rainfed % Irrigated Area ( Source Wise)

No. Block Area

Canal % Tubewell % Any %

Area other

area

1 Patiala - - 816 3 29349 97.2 - -

2 Nabha - - 1262 3 49369 97.5 - -

3 Samana - - - - 32997 100 - -

4 Patran - - - - 36049 100 - -

5 Bhunerheri -- - 1600 5 33594 95.5 - -

6 Sanour - - 990 3 27854 96.6 - -

7 Rajpura 2503 8.7 550 2 25540 89.3 - -

8 Ghanour 1496 5.8 822 3 23392 90.9 - -

47

16. CROP DIVERSIFICATION

Crop Diversification refers to a shift from the regional dominance of one crop to

regional production of a number of crops, to meet ever increasing demand of cereals, pulses,

vegetables, fruits, oilseeds, fibres, fodder, grasses etc. It aims to improve soil health and to

maintain dynamic equilibrium of the agro-ecosystem. In the instant case, crop diversification

is intended to promote technological innovations for sustainable agriculture and enable

farmers to choose crop alternatives for increased productivity and income.

The concerns relating to diversification of rice-wheat cropping systems area in the

country came to fore when yield levels of these two most important food crops

experienced stagnancy and net profit accruals showed diminishing trend. The problem got

further aggravated due to depletion of water table in North-West plains zone comprising

Punjab, Haryana and West Uttar Pradesh. Thus, dwindling ground water resource in these

States due to excessive withdrawal of water for irrigation led to impurities in the water-a

cause of attendant crop health effects.

The continuous cultivation of water guzzling crops like paddy due to frequent flood

irrigation has resulted into depletion of ground water in the original Green revolution States

namely; Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh. The continuous cultivation of rice wheat

cropping system has witnessed the stagnancy in crop yield, infestation of weeds,

contamination of ground water, incidence of pests-diseases and deterioration of soil health.

Therefore, it is essential to diversify the area from paddy to alternate crops not only to improve

soil fertility and arrest depletion of ground water but also to enhance the farm income.

The notified over-exploited and critical blocks based on recommendation of Central

Ground Water Board of major paddy growing districts of each state. Three blocks namely

Patiala, Patran and Sanour of Patiala district have been notified as over-exploited and

critical blocks. At least 5% of area under paddy in notified blocks would be diverted

towards alternate crops during 2016-17. In order to divert area to other alternate crops, it is

proposed to motivate the farmers for cultivation of maize, kharif pulses ( arhar, mungbean,

uradbean, cluster bean) , oilseeds ( soybean, til) poplar based agro-forestry system

(cultivation of rabi and kharif inter crops). It is also proposed to provide the assistance to

the farmers for land development, farm mechanization, establishment of agro-based food

processing units for value addition and marketing support to generate additional income

and restore soil fertility.

48

17. LIVE STOCKS

The livestock is the main wealth next to agriculture of the predominant population of the district.

The district ranks third in the state in the population of cows and buffaloes. The

important livestock of the district as per 19th

Live stock census 2012(Tentative) was as under

1 Cattle 115637

2 Horse/Ponies 1197

3 Donkeys 161

4 Buffaloes 335167

5 Sheep(13268),Goat(15196),Piggery (3241) 31705

6 Mules 292

18. TOPOGRAPHY

The district forms a part of the Indo-Gangetic plain and consists of three types of region:-

a. The Upland Plain b. The Cho-infested Foothill Plain c. The Floodplain of the Ghaggar River Apart from this, the district has a complex drainage system consisting of canals and

rivers.

18.1 Rivers:

The river Ghaghar is the most important water channel of the district. It is essentially

a seasonal stream, remaining dry during most part of the year. However, during the rainy

season, it remains in spate, often flooding the adjoining villages, causing damage to crops,

livestock and at times to houses and human lives. A number of subsidiary rivulets join the

Ghaggar River, the most important ones being the Tangri Nadi, Patiala-Wali-Nadi, Sirhind

Choe and the Jhambowali Choe.

18.2 Canals:

Apart from the natural drainage line, the district also has three important canals- The

Bhakra Main Line Canal, the Nawana Branch and the Ghaggar Link. These canals provide

much needed irrigation water to the District. Before these canals were constructed, Patiala

district was a water scarce area. These irrigation canals have helped to transform the parched

fields into fertile, double-crop lands.

49

19. THE GHAGGAR RIVER

The Ghaggar is an intermittent river in India, flowing during the monsoon season. It

originates in the Shivalik Hills of Himachal Pradesh at an elevation of 1927 Mtrs above mean

sea level and flows through Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Union Territory of Chandigarh.

In Haryana, it flows through south-west of Sirsa and by-the-side of Talwara Jheel in

Rajasthan. This seasonal river feeds two irrigation canals that extend into Rajasthan. The

present-day Saraswati River originates in a submontane region (Ambala district) and joins

Ghaggar near Shatrana in Punjab. A dried out channel of the Sutlej, joins the river Ghaggar

near Sadulgarh (Hanumangarh), the Naiwal channel. The Ghaggar then joins with the dried

up Drishadvati (Chautang) river. The wide river-bed (paleo-channel) of the Ghaggar suggests

that the river once flows full of water, through the entire region, in the presently dried channel

of the Hakra River, possibly emptying into the Rann-of- Kutch. It supposedly dried up due to

the capture of its tributaries by the Indus and Yamuna rivers and the loss of rainfall in much

of its catchment area due to deforestation and overgrazing

The Ghaggar-Hakra and the Sutlej: Many settlements of the Indus Valley Civilization era

have been found along the Ghaggar and Hakra rivers. It has been shown by satellite imagery

that at Ropar, the Sutlej River suddenly flows away from the Ghaggar in a sharp turn. The

beforehand narrow Ghaggar river-bed itself suddenly becomes wider at the conjunction

where the Sutlej should have met the Ghaggar river. And, there is a major paleo channel

between the point where the Sutlej takes a sharp turn and the Ghaggar river bed widens.

• The Ghaggar-Hakra and the Yamuna: There are no Harappan sites on the present

Yamuna River. However, painted Gray Ware sites excavated on the Yamuna channel,

indicate that the river must have flown in that channel during 1000 - 600 BC. The

distribution of the painted Gray Ware sites in the Ghaggar river valley indicates that

during the ancient period, the Ghaggar River had already dried up partly.

• Subsidiary Rivulets :

Dhakansu Drain, Jacob Drain, Patiala Ki Rao, Jharmal Choe, Miranpur Choe, Bhagna

Nadi, Marcanda River and Momian Drain joins Ghaggar River.

50

Historical Observations of quality of Ghaggar River:

The quality of Ghaggar River has been monitored by the CPCB under National Water

Quality Monitoring Programme and provided for the period starting from 2004-2008.

The results of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) parameter monitored during the

above stated period at Mubarakpur (Punjab), Tiwana Village (Punjab), Chandarpur

Siphon (Haryana), Sardulagarh (Punjab), Dabwali Road (Haryana), Ottu Weir

(Haryana) and Ghaggar River entering in Rajasthan. . In addition, the industrial and

domestic wastewater discharges from the towns located along Ghaggar or its

tributaries deteriorate the water quality of the river

• Dhakansu Drain (PS8): BOD concentration at Dhakansu Drain was 57 mg/l.

• Jacob Drain: BOD concentration at Jacob Drain is 76 mg/l and TSS level is four

times above the prescribed standard. The Jacob Drain directly meets the Patiala River.

• Patiala River: A number of subsidiary rivulets join the Ghaggar River, the most

important one being Patiala River. Patiala River meets the Ghaggar River at the

upstream of Jharmal choe. This River also falls in the category of semi-arid region. At

Patiala River, high BOD load was observed i.e. 32,228.26 kg/day.

• Jharmal Choe (PS13): Jharmal Choe received industrial and domestic sewage of

Derabasi, Lalru and Zirakpur. BOD concentration at Jharmal Choe was 17 mg/l which

is within the prescribed norms.

20 METHODOLOGY AND GUIDING PRINCIPLES

The trace of each and every river/ stream was covered and studied on the following

principles of Geology/River bed mining:

• The general geology of the area;

• The presence of any major geological structure;

• Origin of river;

• Pattern of primary / secondary/ tertiary streams;

• Total catchments;

• General profile of river/streams;

51

• Meandering Pattern;

• Bank stability;

• Total potential of river bed in reference to minor mineral;

• General slope of the river / stream;

• Morphogenetic regions.

In Addition to above, presence of the following objects were also studied:-

• The presence of any WSS Schemes

• Bridges

• Agriculture fields

• Bank protection works

• Plantation etc. Following are the important guiding principles considered while recommending the river /

stream bed or part of the river / stream bed for collection for minor minerals:-

• The production of aggregate area is a function of the availability of natural resources,

the size of population, the economy of the area and various developmental and

infrastructural works being undertaken in the area like road construction, hydro-

electric projects etc. Further, being a low- value, high-volume mineral commodity, the

prices are dramatically affected by transportation distances. If the distance increases,

the transportation cost may increase much more than the cost of the aggregates.

• A stable river is able to consistently transport the flow of sediments produced by

watershed such that its dimension ( width and depth) pattern and vertical profile are

maintained without aggrading ( building up) or degrading ( scouring down)

• The amount of boulders, cobbles, pebbles and sand deposited in riverbed equals to the

amount delivered to the river from watershed and from bank erosion minus amount

transported downstream each year.

• It is compulsive nature for river to meander in their belts and therefore they will have

to be provided with adequate corridor for meandering without hindrance. Any attempt

to diminish the width of this corridor (floodway) and curb their freedom to meander

would prove counterproductive.

• Erosion and deposition is law of nature. The river/stream has to complete its

geomorphological cycle from youth, mature to old age.

• River capturing is unavoidable.

• Erosion in upstream and deposition in downstream.

• Tendency of the river / stream toward grade.

52

• Fundamentally, the lowest point of any stream is fixed by Sea Level.

• The ratio between the width of meander belt and width of the stream decreases as the

width of the stream increases.

• Formation, Bank erosion and Replenishment of any specific riverbed depends

Primarily upon:

➢ The Geology of the area;

➢ River Profile;

➢ Nature of source;

➢ Rainfall in catchments;

➢ Morphogenetic region;

➢ Catchments geomorphology;

➢ Efficiency of River / Stream ( i.e erosive power);

➢ The competency of the river / Stream ( i.e transport heaviest stone);

➢ The capacity of the River/Stream ( i.e volume of transportation);

Hydraulic radius of the River / Stream (ratio between cross sectional area and length of wetted perimeter)

Secondarily upon -

➢ Geological structures;

➢ Porosity of formation;

➢ Run off in the catchments;

➢ Forest cover;

➢ Type of agriculture;

➢ Encroachment on flood plain leaving least space for meandering;

➢ Any barrier on river / stream bed i.e bands , dams and bridge foundations etc;

➢ Throwing of debris into the river/stream course;

➢ Drying up of river courses due to construction of dams, thereby reducing the

efficiency and capacity of the river / stream.

The total potential of the river / stream bed is calculated up to the depth of one meter

and in the workable span. Total potential or annual replenishment is not necessarily mineable.

Mine ability depends upon the availability of approachable roads, distance from the general

conditions of policy viz distances from WSS Schemes, bridges etc and overall on the market

demand etc. Thus keeping these factors into consideration 60% of the total potential has been

taken for the purpose of exploitation of minor minerals.

53

Method For calculation of Reserves:

For the calculation of total reserves of minor minerals available in the river bed, length,

average width and depth of the river bed for which the exploitation is to be carried out /

allowed under rule / prevailing instructions of the Govt. was taken into consideration. The

volume thus obtained is multiplied with the bulk density which has been assumed as 2.2 for

all types of minor minerals. Thus reserves up to particular datum line i.e one meter below the

surface have been calculated.

Total reserves of minor minerals ( M.T.)= Length x Width x Height i.e Depth x Density.

For the annual replenishment of minor mineral reserves, the average

annual mean depth up to which the replenishment of minor mineral

takes place annually, has been taken into consideration which

depends upon the annual rainfall factor and geology of the

catchments area

21. OVERVIEW OF MINING ACTIVITIES IN THE

DISTRICT

Mainly three types of minor minerals constituents such as sand, stone and bajri

are required for any type of construction apart from other material like cement and steel. In

earlier times, the houses / buildings were constructed in form of small dwellings with walls

made up of mud plaster, stone and interlocking provided with wooden frames and there were

negligible commercial as well as developmental activities resulting in less demand of

building material. However with the passage of time, new vistas of developmental activities

were started. The quantity of minor minerals consumption in a particular area is a

thermometer to assess the development of the area. Thus with the pace of development

activities, the consumption of minor minerals also increased. As such the demand of minor

minerals in the district has started an increasing trend. In order to meet the requirement of raw

material for construction, the extraction of sand is being carried out exclusively from the river

beds. In Patiala district, the demand of sand ( river borne collection) and of bajri / grit ( river

borne collection or through manufactured grit by stone crushers) is mainly met by the supply

54

from other districts of Punjab. In district brick earth and ordinary earth mining is carried out

with prior Environment Clearance (EC) to met the requirements of bricklines and for filling /

leveling purposes respectively.

22 BRICK EARTH MINING

Brick is a building material used to make walls, pavements and other elements in

masonry construction. Traditionally, the term brick referred to a unit composed of clay, but it is

now used to denote any rectangular unit laid in mortar. A brick can be composed of clay-bearing

soil, sand and lime, or concrete materials. Bricks are produced in numerous classes, types,

materials, and sizes which vary with region and time period, and are produced in bulk quantities.

Two basic categories of bricks are fired and non-fired bricks. Fired bricks are one of the longest-

lasting and strongest building materials, sometimes referred to as artificial stone, and have been

used since circa 5000 BC. Air-dried bricks, also known as mudbricks, have a history older than

fired bricks, and have an additional ingredient of a mechanical binder such as straw. Natural clay

minerals, including kaolin and shale, make up the main body of brick. Small amounts of

manganese, barium, and other additives are blended with the clay to produce different shades, and

barium carbonate is used to improve brick's chemical resistance to the elements. Many other

additives have been used in brick, including byproducts from papermaking, ammonium

compounds, wetting agents, flocculents (which cause particles to form loose clusters) and

deflocculents (which disperse such clusters). Some clays require the addition of sand or grog

(pre-ground, pre-fired material such as scrap brick).

24.1 No. of Brick Klins in the District:-

Category of Description Number

Brick Klin

A Brick Klin of capacity 28 ghoris or more of 1

kachi bricks

B Brick Klin of capacity 22 to 27 ghoris of 143

kachi bricks

C Brick Klin of capacity below 22 ghoris of 2

kachi bricks

146

55

24.2 Number of Brick Kilns Block Wise

Sr. No. Name of Block Number of Klins

1 Patiala 16

2 Nabha 30

3 Rajpura 17

4 Samana 23

5 Patran 16

6 Ghanour 15

7 Sanour 17

8 Bhunerheri 12

Total 146

24.3 Recommendations:

In district Patiala, there are 8 development blocks. The earth in Block Ghanour,

Rajpura and Bhunarheri is rich in alumina, silica and lime. Therefore, this earth is very

useful as brick earth. In other blocks such as Patiala, Nabha, Samana, Patran and Sanour

the earth is mostly sandy but in some villages/areas the earth is useful for bricks

manufacturing.

The brick kilns require brick earth which is easily available in the district as they

excavate upto 2-3 feet, it has no adverse effect on the environment. Any project or activity specified in Category ‘B’ will be treated as Category A, if located in whole or in part

within 10 km from the boundary of: (i) Protected Areas notified under the Wild Life (Protection)

Act, 1972, {There are Six Wildlife sanctuaries in the district and are mentioned at page no.

12 of District Survey Report} (ii) Critically Polluted areas as notified by the Central

Pollution Control Board from time to time, (iii) Notified Eco-sensitive areas, (iv) inter-

State boundaries and international boundaries. Specific Condition (SC): If any Industrial

Estate/Complex / Export processing Zones. A Mineral Concession holder has to abide by

the provisions of The Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 and

The Punjab Minor Mineral Rules 2013 made thereunder.

25.1 Recommendations:

56

The sandy land is less fertile and after excavation of top layer of sandy soil upto 3-

4feet depth, fertile layer will come up and in this way crop production will rise and this will

also save groundwater as the top sandy layer does not hold the water. This has no adverse

effect on the environment. Any project or activity specified in Category ‘B’ will be

treated as Category A, if located in whole or in part within 10 km from the boundary of:

(i) Protected Areas notified under the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, { There are six

Wildlife sanctuaries in the district and are mentioned at page no. 12 of District Survey

Report} (ii) Critically Polluted areas as notified by the Central Pollution Control Board

from time to time, (iii) Notified Eco-sensitive areas, (iv) inter-State boundaries and international boundaries.

Specific Condition (SC): If any Industrial Estate/Complex / Export processing Zones. A

Mineral Concession holder has to abide by the provisions of The Mines and Minerals

(Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 and The Punjab Minor Mineral Rules 2013 made

thereunder.

25 ECONOMIC IMPACT OF MINING

The mining will generate direct and indirect employment during mining operations

and most of the unskilled labour will be used for mining purposes and they will be paid

more than minimum wages prescribed by State Govt. In general, there will be no adverse

effect on human health as no blasting or handling of toxic material is involved. All the

safety measures will be strictly followed to prevent occupational risk during excavation,

loading and transportation. This will be a good source of revenue generation for the

government as after getting the Environment Clearance, the minor concessioner will have

to pay the Royalty, Price, Environment Management Fund and TCS which will enhance the

revenue of the Central and State Government.

57

UNDERTAKING 1

I, Ravinder Kaur W/o Gurcharan Singh 350 Phase 1 Urban Estate Patiala do hereby

solemnly affirm and declare as under:

• That the periphery of any other area of borrowing/excavation does not falls within

a radius of 500m from the periphery of proposed area of borrowing/excavation

Place: Date: ................. (Signature )

VERIFICATION:-

I, the above named deponent do hereby solemnly affirm and declared that the

statement given above are true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief and

nothing has been concealed therein.

Place: Date: ................. (Signature )

58

UNDERTAKING 2

I, Ravinder Kaur W/o Gurcharan Singh 350 Phase 1 Urban Estate Patiala do hereby

solemnly affirm and declare as under:do hereby solemnly affirm and declare as under:That

the activity associated with borrowing/excavation of 'Bricks earth' and Bricks earth' for

purpose of general work, construction of roads, embankments etc shall not involve blasting.

• That the borrowing/excavation activity shall be restricted to a maximum depth of 2m below general ground level at the site.

• That the borrowing/excavation activity shall be restricted to 2m above the ground water table at the site.

• That the borrowing/excavation activity shall not be alter the natural drainage pattern of the area

• That the borrowing/excavation activity shall be restored by the project proponent for useful purpose(s).

• That appropriate fencing all around the borrowed/excavated pit shall be made to prevent any mishap.

• That measure shall be taken to prevent dust emission by covering of borrowed/excavated earth during transportation.

• That safeguards shall be adopted against health risks on account of breeding of vectors in the water bodies created due to borrowing/excavation of earth

• That workers/laborers shall be provided with facilities for drinking water and sanitation

• That a berm shall be left from the boundary of adjoining fields having a width equal o at least half the depth of proposed excavation

• That a minimum distance of 15 m from any civil structure shall be kept from the periphery of any excavation area.

• That the concerned DEIAA while considering granting environmental clearance for such activity for Bricks earth will prescribe the guidelines as stated at (i) to (xi) above and specify that the clearance so granted shall be liable to be cancelled in case of any violation of above guidelines

Place: Date: ................. (Signature ) Verification:

I, the above named deponent do hereby solemnly affirm and declared that the statement given above are true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief and nothing has been concealed therein.

Place: Date: ................. (Signature )

59

UNDERTAKING 3

• I, Ravinder Kaur W/o Gurcharan Singh 350 Phase 1 Urban Estate Patiala do hereby

solemnly affirm and declare as under:

• That I am Prop. in the firm and have applied environmental clearance before

DEIAA for mining related activity of our Bricks earth mining.

• That I give an undertaking that there is no boundary of National Park of Wild

Life within a distance of 1 Km radius from our mining site and no protected

area notified under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 or Notified eco-sensitive

area as notified under section 3 of the Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986

exists within 10 Km radius from the project site.

(Signature)