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No. 2015-2016

IN THE

SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES

 ________________ 

A.R.H.,

Petitioner – Appellant 

v.

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Respondent – Appellee

On Writ of Certiorari to the United States

Court of Appeals for the Fourteenth Circuit 

 _______________ 

BRIEF FOR RESPONDENT

 _______________ 

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QUESTION PRESENTED FOR REVIEW

(1) Whether the Fair Education Act violates the rights of Kedesh College under the

Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment of the United States Constitution?

() Whether the Fair Education Act violates A!"!#!$s right to e%ual &rotection of 

  the la' as a&&lied to the Congress of the United States through the Fifth

  Amendment of the Constitution?

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TABE OF CONTENTS

UES*+,S -"ESE,E. F+" "E/*EW ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! i

A0E +F C+,E,S ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! i

A0E +F AU#+"**ES ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !iii

Statutes ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

iii Constitutional

-rovisions ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! iii Cases +n

"ecord ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! iii

Su&reme Court Cases ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

iii Cases Cited 'ithin "ecord ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

! iv Su&reme Court Cases2 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! iv

C+,S*U*+,A A,. SAU+"3 -"+/*S*+,S ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! v

SAE4E, +F #E CASE ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

vii SU44A"3 +F A"5U4E,S ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

! x A"5U4E,S ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

! 1 *! #E U,*E. SAES 5+/E",4E, .+ES ,+ /*+AE #E F*"S

A4E,.4E, US*,5 #E FA*" E.UCA*+,

AC ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1

A! he act is neutral and generall6 a&&lica7le to all &u7lic and &rivate

universities ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

! ! ! ! ! 1 1! he Fair Education Act is not directl6 affecting education8 as it is

neutral and generall6 a&&lica7le la' for all &u7lic and &rivate universities! !

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1

! Kedesh lac9s a free exercise claim against the U!S 5overnment8 as the act does

not infringe their 7eliefs and religious &ractices! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

! ! ! ! !

:! Kedesh remains a7le to allo' undocumented students ho'ever through the

 &ro&er means such as .ACA! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

! ! ! ! ! !

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0! Kedesh College lac9s a h67rid;right claim and standard of revie' should 7e rational

 7asis ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

1! Kedesh lac9s an ex&ectation of right to &rivate association 7ecause the6 fail to

meet the five &rong test! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

! Kedesh fails to meet the characteristics of intimate nature thus fails the right to

a higher standard of scrutin6! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

:! he standard of rational 7asis is enough governmental interest to 7e a7le to

enforce the Fair Education Act ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

! ! ! ! ! !

**! #E FA*" E.UCA*+, AC .EA3*,5 E,"3 + F"+4 #*5#E" E.UCA*+, +F

U,.+CU4E,E. *44*5"A,S .+ES ,+ /*+AE #E F*F# A4E,.4E, +F

#E U,*E. SAES C+,S*U*+, ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

A! he Fair Education Act is a consistent enactment of congressional legislation to

com7at unauthori

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iii! he endo'ment of a right to higher education omits the credi7ilit6 of

colleges and universities ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

! ! ! ! ! !

C! Cases in 'hich are distinguisha7le 7et'een state government and undocumented

immigrants ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

! ! ! ! ! !

Conclusion ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

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TABE OF AUTHORITITES

Statutes

he Fair Education Act (==>) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

.eferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (=1) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Constitutional Provisions

U!S! Const! art *8 @8 cl! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

U!S! Amend! * ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

U!S! Amend!

/ ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

U!S! Amend! B*/ ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Cases on Record 

Cases:

 Arizona v. United States, 1: U!S! (=1) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

 ernal v. Fainter, >D U!S! >D (1D>) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

 ollin! v. Sharpe, :D U!S D (1) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !Chi "ota Colon# of Alpha $psilon Pi Fraternit# v. Cit# Univ. of %.&., = F !:d 1:> (d Cir! ==D)

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

 $'plo#'ent (ivision v. S'ith, U!S! @D (1@) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !)race United *ethodist Church v. Cit# of Che#enne8 1 F! :d >: (1=th Cir! ==>) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

)raha' v. Richardson, =: U!S! :> (1D1) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

 "n re )riffiths, 1: U!S! D (1D:) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

 +a. (eatin! and +iterar# Assn. v. Cit# of %e- Orleans, F !:d 1@: (th Cir! 1) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! *athe- v. (iaz, > U!S! >D (1D>) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

 Parer v. /urle#, 1 F !:d @D (1st Cir! ==@) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

 Pl#er v. (oe, D U!S! = (1@) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Re!ents of Univ. of *ich. 0. $-in!, D U!S! 1 (1) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

 Roerts v. United States 1a#cees, >@ U!S! >= (1@) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Salvation Ar'# v. (epart'ent of Co''2# Affairs, 1 F !d 1@: (:d Cir! 1=) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !3ho'as v. Anchora!e $4ual Ri!hts Co''2n, 1> F !:d > (th Cir! 1) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

United States v. Windsor, 1:: U!S! >D (=1:) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Weiner!er v. Wiesenfeld, = U!S! >:> (1D) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

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Cases Cited -ithin Record 

Cases

 A'ach v. %or-ic, 1 U!S! >@ (1D) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

 ro-n v. oard of $ducation, : U!S! D (1) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !Church of +uu'i aalu v. Cit# of /ialeah, =@ U!S! = (1:) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

 /ines v. (avido-itz, :1 U!S! (11) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

 %e- &or Clu Ass2n v. Cit# of %e- &or, @D U!S! 1 (1@) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

 Ro#ster )uana Co. v. 0ir!inia, : U!S! 1 (1=) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !San Antonio "ndependent School (istrict v. Rodri!uez, 11 U!S! @= (1D:) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Sherert v. 0erner, :D U!S! :@ (1>:) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

3rua5 v. Raich, : U!S! :: (11) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Won! Win! v. United States, 1>: U!S! @ (1@>) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 6aloci v. Redhail, : U!S! :D (1D@) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

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CONSTITUTIONA AND STATUTOR! PROVISONS

U.S. Co"#$%$&$%o", A'(")'("$ I*

Congress shall ma9e no la' res&ecting an esta7lishment of religion8 or &rohi7iting the free

exercise thereofG or a7ridging the freedom of s&eech8 or of the &ressG or the right of the &eo&le &eacea7l6 to assem7le8 and to &etition the government for a redress of grievances!H

U.S. Co"#$%$&$%o", A'(")'("$ V*

,o &erson shall 7e held to ans'er for a ca&ital8 or other'ise infamous crime8 unless on a

 &resentment or indictment of a grand Iur68 exce&t in cases arising in the land or naval forces8 or

in the militia8 'hen in actual service in time of 'ar or &u7lic dangerG nor shall an6 &erson 7esu7Iect for the same offense to 7e t'ice &ut in Ieo&ard6 of life or lim7G nor shall 7e com&elled in

an6 criminal case to 7e a 'itness against himself8 nor 7e de&rived of life8 li7ert68 or &ro&ert68

'ithout due &rocess of la'G nor shall &rivate &ro&ert6 7e ta9en for &u7lic use8 'ithout Iust

com&ensation!H

U.S. Co"#$%$&$%o", A'(")'("$ +IV*

All &ersons 7orn or naturali

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:2 Undocumented &ersons enrolled in8 attending8 or auditing classes in &ostsecondar6 schools

 &rior to .ecem7er :18 =1 shall 7e allo'ed to enroll in8 audit8 or attend classes if such isallo'ed under the la's of the state or territor6 'here the &ostsecondar6 school is located! Such

 &ersons shall 7e eligi7le to receive an6 &ostsecondar6 degree for 'hich the6 %ualif6 &rovided

that such a'ard occur 7efore anuar6 18 =1!

2 he &resident8 or e%uivalent thereof8 of ever6 &ostsecondar6 school shall 7e res&onsi7le for

ensuring that the &ostsecondar6 school that he or she serves is in com&liance 'ith this la'! hisincludes ado&ting &rocedures and mechanisms that he or she deems reasona7le and a&&ro&riate!

2 Ever6 &ostsecondar6 school shall su7mit &roof to the United States .e&artment of

#omeland Securit6 that its students are legall6 entitled to &ursue a &ostsecondar6 education inthe United States and its territories! Section >2 ,othing in this la' shall 7e construed to authori

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STATEMENT OF THE CASE

he &arties of this case have sti&ulated to the follo'ing facts!

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SUMMAR! OF ARUMENTS

he Congress of the United States acts u&on its &lenar6 &o'er to enact a congressional

legislation and is 7eing demonstrated 76 the im&lementation of the Fair Education Act! he

 &ur&ose of the &olic6 is to &reserve resources8 dis;incentivi

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residenc6 allo's the 7enefits allocated to citi

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treated unfairl6 76 not receiving social securit6 7enefits! Weiner!er v. Wiesenfeld and ollin! v.

Sharpe, are not com&ara7le to A!"!#!8 7ecause 7oth 'ere held at a standard of strict scrutin6 and

'ere 7eing &rohi7ited indefinitel6 to receive an6 t6&e of &rivilege or 7enefits! he6 'ere also

never &rovided 'ith an6 other alternatives to ever 7eing a7le to 7e treated e%uall6! he &receding

cases do not deal &ro&erl6 'ith the merits of the case in 'hich A!"!#! has 7een &laced u&on!

here is no e%ual &rotection violation 7ecause aliens are not 7eing denied the o&&ortunit6 to

receive a higher education and Congress as full authorit6 to act 'ith their 7irthright &o'er!

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ARUMENTS

II. THE FAIR EDUCATION ACT DEA!IN ENTR! TO FROM HIHER

EDUCATION OF UNDOCUMENTED IMMIRANTS DOES NOT VIOATE THE

FIFTH AMENDMENT OF THE UNITED STATES CONSITUTION

A. T( F% E)&$%o" A$ %# o"#%#$("$ ("$'("$ o o"7(##%o" (7%#$%o" $o

o'8$ %''%7$%o".

1. T( U"%$() S$$(# o"#$%$&$%o" o9# :%$o Co"7(## $o &$o%;(

%''%7$%o" :o%%(#.

he Congress of the United States has dut6 to regulate immigration and to control the

national 7orders! Solel6 Congress can act 'ith such authorit6 7ecause the6 have 7een given the

ex&licit &o'er to esta7lish a uniform rule of naturali

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%. Co"7(## # o':(%"7 %"$((#$ $o :(#(v( o(%7" ($%o"#%:#

8< o''&"%$%o" # #%"7( #ov((%7".

his Court has recogniD (1D>)! With res&ect to the Court8

Congress needs to have the authorit6 to act as a single sovereign to &reserve relationshi&s 'ith

foreign &o'ers! Arizona v. United States, 1: U!S! (=1)! A!"!#! is an individual 'ithin

the Iurisdiction of the United States under the &rotection of the Fourteenth amendment 7ut she

does not trigger strict scrutin6 7ecause 7eing an undocumented immigrant is not an immuta7le

trait! Also8 this Court held that an individual state could 7ar aliens from 7ecoming a teacher or

 &olice officer if the6 have not declared their intent to 7ecome citi

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'hich is longed recogni

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 &ositions and to dis;incentiviD (1D>)! his immigration &olic6

ma6 &roduce some harsh and a&&arentl6 ar7itrar6 conse%uencesM it remains true some line is

essential8H 'hether its den6ing undocumented immigrants higher education8 Congress is dra'ing

that line 'ith the Fair Education Act!

B. A.R.H. %# $o #o9 " (=& :o$($%o" v%o$%o" 8($9((" %("# ") %$%;("#.

1. A.R.H.># o::o$&"%$< o %7( ()&$%o" %# 8(%"7 )(< ") "o$

:o%8%$().

he Fair Education does not &revent immigrants$ from o7taining higher education! he

efforts 7ehind the statue 'as to allo' immigrants to continue their &ursuit of higher education 76

going through the &ro&er avenues! 3he Record, 7. his Court has extended the e%ual &rotection

of the Fourteenth Amendment of the constitution to aliens. Won! Win! v. United States, 1>: U!S!

@ (1@>)! .iscrimination and u&holding the &rohi7ition of e%ual &rotection8 7ased on raise8 has

al'a6s 7een found to 7e unconstitutional! ro-n v. oard of $ducation, :D U!S! D (1)!

A!"!#$s claims the Fair Education Act treats similar situated &ersons dissimilarl6 as in ollin! v.

Sharpe, :D U!S! D (1)! *n ollin!, the Federal .istrict of Colum7ia denied a student$s

admissions in certain schools 7ased on race8 'hich 'as found to 7e unconstitutional! his Court

has held that treating similarl6 &ersons differentl6 in regards to 'elfare in Weiner!er v.

Wiesenfeld, = U!S! >:> (1D) and )raha' v. Richardson, =: U!S! :> (1D1)! 'ere a

violation of e%ual &rotection! "n Re )riffiths, Francis e -oole 5riffith 'as a7le to continue her

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 &ursuit of ta9ing the 7ar examination in the state of Connecticut8 regardless of alienage8 this

Court has esta7lished that immigrants are more than %ualified to receive a higher education! he

Fair Education Act does not den6 Francis 5riffith or an6 other legal residing alien the

o&&ortunit6 to receive a &ostsecondar6 education! his Court has held that classifications

 7et'een aliens 'as &ermissi7le 'hen Congress im&osed statues restricting undocumented

immigrants from receiving &rivileges! *n *athe- v. (iaz, the %uestion &resented 7efore the court

'as ,ot 'hether discrimination 7et'een citi U!S! >D

(1D>)!

2. H%7( ()&$%o", :%v%(7(, # "(v( 8((" o&") $o 8( &")'("$

%7$.

*n Pl#er v. (oe, this Court has ruled that &rimar6 and secondar6 education is a right given

to undocumented immigrants in order to sto& the creation of a shado' class of citi

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 &olic6 im&lication8 7ecause not onl6 can no college or universit6 den6 &ersons their ne'l6 found

right 7ut it also omits the &restige credi7ilit6 of high ran9ing schools! Several factors 'ould need

to 7e ta9en into consider if this court did indeed decide to do so!

C. A.R.H. %# $o v%)$( $(% 7&'("$# 8(( $%# Co&$ #