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7 7 AprilApril 20062006

Brief Introduction to

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Agriculture and environmentHalf of the European Union’s (EU’s) land is farmed. Thisfact alone highlights the importance of farming for theEU’s natural environment.

Farming has contributed over the centuries to creatingand maintaining a variety of valuable semi-natural habitats.

Farming also supports a diverse rural community that isnot only a fundamental asset of European culture, but alsoplays an essential role in maintaining the environment in a healthy state.

Source: http://www.europa.eu.int/comm/agriculture/envir/index

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Origins of organic farming

Sir Albert Howard…..1900

Rudolf Steiner

Ehrenfried Pfeiffer

George Ohsawa…….1929

Shagen Ishizuka

Jerome I.Rodale…….1946

Rachel Carson………1962

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Organic farmingOrganic farming favours renewable resources and recyclingreturning to the soil the nutrients found in waste products

Where livestock is concerned, meat and poultry production isregulated with particular concern for animal welfare and by using natural foodstuffs

Organic farming respects the environment´s own systems forcontrolling pests and disease in raising crops and livestockand avoids the use of synthetic pesticides, herbicides, chemical fertilisers, growth hormones, antibiotics or gene manipulation, instead, organic farmers use a range oftechniques that help sustain ecosystems and reduce pollution

The EU's included a great emphasis on rural development, withrespect for the environment at its core

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Increased consumer awareness of food safety issuestargeted by food scandals and environmental concernshas contributed to the growth in organic farming over thelast few years

Although it only represented around 3 % of the total EU utilised agricultural area (UAA) in 2000, organic farminghas in fact developed into one of the most dynamicagricultural sectors in the European Union

The organic farm sector grew by about 25 % a yearbetween 1993 and 1998 and, since 1998, is estimated tohave grown by around 30 % a year

Organic farming in the EU

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Organic farming has to be understood as part of a sustainable farming system and a viable alternative to the more traditional approaches toagriculture

Since the EU rules on organic farming came intoforce in 1992, thousands of farms have beenconverted to this system as a result of increasedconsumer awareness and an increase demandfor organically grown products

Organic farming in the EU

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Organic farming represent real opportunities on several levels, contributing to vibrant rural economies through sustainabledevelopment

New employment opportunities in farming, processing andrelated services are evident in the growth of the organic sector

As well as the environmental advantages, these farmingsystems can bring significant benefits both to the economyand the social cohesion of rural areas

The availability of financial support and other incentives forfarmers to convert to organic production is designed to helpthe sector grow still further

The benefits of organic farming onthe rural development

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Organic agriculture in the world

Currently more than 31 million hectares of farmland are under organic management worldwide

A gain of around five million hectares in a single year

A major increase of organic land has taken place A major increase of organic land has taken place in China, with more than three million hectares of in China, with more than three million hectares of pastoral land certifiedpastoral land certified

Source: Willer, Helga and Minou Yussefi, The World of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and Emerging Trends 2006. (IFOAM), Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL

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Organic hectares in the world

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Organic land in the worldIn terms of organic land, excluding wild collection, Australia leads pack with 12.1 million hectares, followed by China (3.5 million hectares) and Argentina (2.8 million hectares).

Most of the world’s organic land is in Australia / Oceania (39%), followed by Europe (21 %), Latin America (20%), Asia (13%), North America (4 %) and Africa (3 %).

Regarding the share of organic farmland in comparison with the total agricultural area, Austria, Switzerland and Scandinavian countries lead the way.

In Switzerland more than ten percent of the agricultural land is managed organically

Source: Willer, Helga and Minou Yussefi, The World of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and Emerging Trends 2006. (IFOAM), Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL

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Area under organic managementper continent

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Area by country under organic andin conversion to organic

Source: FiBL- Survey 2005/2006

3´466,570 Hectares

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The 10 countries with the highest percentage ofland area under organic management

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The 10 countries with the largestarea under organic management

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World wide value of organic MarketsIn 2004, the market value of organic products worldwide reached 27.8 billion US$, (23.5 billion EUR), the largest share of organic products being marketed in Europe and North America

Ongoing growth of the market and organic land area is expected for the foreseeable future, in part due to an increased support of governments and from development organizations

Source: Willer, Helga and Minou Yussefi, The World of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and Emerging Trends 2006. (IFOAM), Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL

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Certified organic benefits

+ = €Increase in price

The most important: health and environmental benefits

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Sustainable developmentThe sustainability of both agriculture and theenvironment is a key policy objective of today'sCommonCommon AgriculturalAgricultural PolicyPolicy

Sustainable development means that the needs ofpeople living today can be met withoutcompromising the ability of future generations tomeet their own needs

This requires farmers to consider the effect thattheir activities will have on the future of agricultureand how the systems they employ shape theenvironment

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Organic farming / CAPThe Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) requires theMember States to adopt appropriate environmentalprotection measures relating to all types ofagriculture

Farmers are now expected to respect certain basicenvironmental standards without any financialcompensation and the 'polluter-pays' principle isbeing applied

The agri-environment measures under the rural development programmes offer farmers paymentsfor environmental commitments that go beyondgood farming practice

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Organic farming / CAPOrganic farmers are entitled to claim agri-environmental premiums since it is recognised thatthis particular farming system benefits theenvironment

In addition, organic farming can be promotedthrough investment aid in the area of primaryproduction, processing and marketing

With all of these provisions in place, the frameworkof rural development policy is likely to contributeconsiderably to the expansion of organic farming.

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Common Agricultural PolicyTo understand the role and operation of organic farmingwithin EU farm policy, it needs to be seen within a rangeof different contexts:

Consumers' concerns

Quality assurance and regulation

The extent of organic farming in the EU today

The role of integrated farming

Organic farming and rural development

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Consumers’ concernsConsumers' fears, triggered by food scares and technologicaldevelopments such as genetic modification and foodirradiation, have been translated into serious concern aboutfood safety, ever-increasing demands for quality assuranceand more information about production methods

Public awareness of the irreversible damage done to theenvironment by practices that lead to soil and water pollution, the depletion of natural resources and the destruction ofdelicate ecosystems has led to calls for a more responsibleattitude towards our natural heritage

Organic farming, once seen merely as a fringe interest servinga niche market, has come to the fore as an agriculturalapproach that can not only produce safe food but isenvironmentally sound too

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Paying for safety guaranteesFood produced organically has always commandeda higher price than conventionally produced foods, a factor which was previously felt to have hinderedthe expansion of organic farming

Now a greater number of consumers are provingwilling to pay higher prices in return for guaranteesrelating to food safety and quality

Organically produced foods were once difficult toobtain in other than specialist outlets and local markets, but they are now available on the shelvesof the major supermarket chains across Europe

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Paying for safety guarantees

The range of products on offer has expanded tosuch an extent that a shopper could nowreasonably expect to fill the main part of a week's food basket entirely with organicallyproduced foods

A growing consumer market is thus one of themain factors encouraging farmers to convert toorganic agricultural production

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Traceability

Today's consumers are increasinglycalling for access to information onhow their food is being produced andare looking for reassurance that duecare with regard to safety and qualityhas been exercised at each step in the process

“from farm to fork”

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The Regulation and the CAPAmong the reforms in the CAP came recognitionof the key role that organic farming could play in meeting revised objectives, such as reducingsurpluses, promoting quality goods andintegrating environmental conservation practicesinto agriculture

For organic farming to enjoy the confidence ofconsumers, regulation covering production andquality is necessary, as well as measures toprevent fraudulent claims to organic status

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The EU RegulationRegulations have therefore been introduced to ensure theauthenticity of organic farming methods, which have evolvedinto a comprehensive framework for the organic productionof crops and livestock and for the labelling, processing andmarketing of organic products

The first regulation on organic farming [Regulation EEC N°2092/91] was drawn up in 1991 and, since itsimplementation in 1992, many farms across the EU haveconverted to organic production methods

In August 1999, rules on production, labelling and inspectionof the most relevant animal species (i.e. cattle, sheep, goats, and poultry) were also agreed [Reg. EC N° 1804/1999]

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Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) andproducts derived from GMOs are explicitlyexcluded from organic production methods

The regulations also include imports of organic agricultural products from third countries whoseorganic production criteria and control systemshave been recognised by the EU as equivalent

They also govern imports of organic productsinto Europe

Control measures

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Control measuresEqually important are the associated enforcementprocedures, ensuring that all producers claimingorganic status are registered with the competentinspection body in their country

These bodies are themselves designated by andsubject to regulation by authorities whose task it isto verify their capability to administer the schemesfairly and efficiently

Inspection covers all stages in the productionprocess, including storage, processing andpacking

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Control measuresFarm inspections are carried out at least once a yearand spot checks are also undertaken

Sanctions for infringements of any of the rules includeinstant removal of the right to claim organic status for theproduct concerned, with stricter penalties imposed formore serious breaches

Meticulous record keeping is required, including, forlivestock farmers, complete records of their livestockmanagement systems

Final review Final review and decisionand decision

InspectionInspection

Research & PrepareResearch & Prepare

• AnnualAnnual•• Must allow access to the inspector to all organic Must allow access to the inspector to all organic

and nonand non--organic portions of the operationorganic portions of the operation•• Documents and operation will be reviewedDocuments and operation will be reviewed•• Can be a learning tool for the farmerCan be a learning tool for the farmer

ApplicationApplication

Basic steps to organic certification

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•• Inspection report & other documents are sent for review Inspection report & other documents are sent for review •• Decision is made Decision is made •• Certificate (s), recommendations and requirements issuedCertificate (s), recommendations and requirements issued•• Applicants are certified until they surrender or are suspendedApplicants are certified until they surrender or are suspended•• Must reapply annuallyMust reapply annually

• Determine where markets will beDetermine where markets will be•• Compare organic certification agencies service and market accesCompare organic certification agencies service and market accesss•• Present 3 years of field histories Present 3 years of field histories •• Fulfill questionnairesFulfill questionnaires•• Show accurate field maps Show accurate field maps •• Appropriate feesAppropriate fees

•• Field (s) must be free of prohibited inputs for 36 monthsField (s) must be free of prohibited inputs for 36 months•• Seeds must be organic or at the very least nonSeeds must be organic or at the very least non--GMOGMO

• Check for any problem areasCheck for any problem areas•• Prepares applicants for inspectionsPrepares applicants for inspections•• Saves operations time and money Saves operations time and money

on their inspectionson their inspectionsPrePre--Inspection ReviewInspection Review

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Theorganiclogo

In March 2000 the European Commissionintroduced a logo bearing the words 'OrganicFarming - EC Control System‘ [Regulation (EEC) No 2092/91 to be used on a voluntary basis by producers whose systems and products have beenfound on inspection to satisfy EU regulations

Consumers buying products bearingthis logo can be confident that:

At least 95% of the product's ingredients havebeen organically producedThe product complies with the rules of theofficial inspection schemeThe product has come directly from theproducer or preparer in a sealed packageThe product bears the name of the producer, the preparer or vendor and the name or codeof the inspection body

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Organic Farming InformationSystem (OFIS)

Import authorisations that the Member States have grantedto third countries (according to Article 11(6) of Regulation(EEC) no 2092/91)

Authorisations to use agricultural ingredients that cannot be found from the organic production method (according toArticle 3 of Regulation (EEC) N° 207/93 defining the contentof Annex VI to Council Regulation (EEC) N° 2092/91).

OFIS: http://europa.eu.int/comm/agriculture/ofis_public/index.cfm

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The European Action Plan forOrganic Farming

The European Action Plan for Organic Farming is a pivotalpoint for the attempts to integrate all policies affectingorganic farming

The development of a European action plan was initiatedby the European conference on organic farming held in Copenhagen in May 2001 (Danish Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries 2001), and subsequentlysupported by the Council of Agricultural Ministers in June2001

A working document from the EU Commission waspresented to the Council of Ministers in December 2002 (EC 2002) and submitted to public consultation in March2003

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The European Action Plan forOrganic Farming

Suggest a comprehensive and coherent set ofactions and provides a strategic view of the role oforganic farming within the context of agriculturalpolicy

Contains proposals for the adaptation of theregulatory framework for supporting organic farming

Stress the importance of the organic food chain, withemphasis being on the improvement of information, education, technology development, research andextension for organic farming and its process chain

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The European Action Plan forOrganic Farming

Address the issue of certification and control andconsider the necessity to build up a “certificationsystem for the certifiers”, that assures the necessarycompetence and independence of the certificationbodies

Provides a basis for continued review of the impactsof existing policy measures and tax laws on organicfarming to identify and eliminate unintended conflicts

Gives specific consideration to organic farming at alllevels of policy formulation

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The European Action Plan forOrganic Farming

Sets a global target for organic production ordevelop some consensus on the longer-termpotential size of the sector

Relates the European activities to the memberstates organic action plans, so as to provide thebest opportunities to support local solutions to local problems

Stress the fact that the European action plan fororganic farming is rather an ongoing processbetween policy makers and stakeholders than a one-time document

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Regulation EEC N° 2092/91Article 1 (Scope)This Regulation shall apply to the following products, where such products bear, or are intended to bear, indications referring to the organic production method:

(a) Unprocessed agricultural crop products; also livestock and unprocessedlivestock products, to the extent that principles of production and specific inspection rules for them are introduced in Annexes I and III

(b) Processed agricultural crop and livestock products intended forhuman consumption prepared essentially from one or more ingredients of plant and/or animal origin

(c) Feeding stuffs, compound feeding stuffs and feed materials notcovered under subparagraph (a) as from the entry into force of this Regulation referred to in paragraph 3

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Organic terms for the purposes of the Regulation

Spanish: ecológicoDanish: økologiskGerman: ökologisch,

biologischGreek: βιολογικόEnglish: organic

French: biologiqueItalian: biologicoDutch: biologischPortuguese: biológicoFinnish: luonnonmukainenSwedish: ekologisk

Article 2

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Community provisions

Article 3

This Regulation shall apply without prejudice to other Community provisions or national provisions, in conformity with Community law, concerning products specified in Article 1, such as provisions governing the production, preparation, marketing, labelling and inspection, including legislation in foodstuffs and animal nutrition

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Some definitions

2) ‘‘Production’Production’ shall mean the operations on the agricultural holding involved in producing, packaging and initially labelling as products of organic production agricultural products produced on that holding

3) ‘Preparation’‘Preparation’ shall mean the operations of preserving and/or processing of agricultural products (including slaughter and cutting for livestock products), and also packaging and/or alterations made to the labellingconcerning the presentation of the organic production method of the fresh, preserved and/or processed products

5) ‘‘Operator’Operator’ shall mean any natural or legal person who produces,prepares or imports from a third country, with a view to the subsequentmarketing thereof, products as referred to in Article 1, or who markets such products

Article 4

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Some definitions

6) ‘Ingredients’‘Ingredients’ shall mean the substances, including additives, used in the preparation of the products specified in Article 1 (1) (b), as defined in Article 6 (4) of Directive 79/112/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the labelling, presentation and advertising of foodstuffs for sale to the ultimate consumer

10) ‘List of ingredients’‘List of ingredients’ shall mean the list of ingredients referred to inArticle 6 of Directive 79/112/EEC;

12) ‘Genetically modified organism (GMO)’‘Genetically modified organism (GMO)’ shall mean any organism as defined in Article 2 of Council Directive 90/220/EEC of 23 April 1990 on the deliberate release into the environment of genetically modified organisms (5)

Article 4

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Some definitions

13) ‘GMO derivative’‘GMO derivative’ shall mean any substance which is either produced from or produced by GMOs, but does not contain them

14) ‘Use of ‘Use of GMOsGMOs and GMO derivatives’and GMO derivatives’ shall mean use thereof as foodstuffs, food ingredients (including additives and flavourings),processing aids (including extraction solvents), feedingstuffs, compound feeding stuffs, feed materials, feed additives, processing aids for feeding stuffs, certain products used in animal nutrition (under Directive 82/471/EEC) (6), plant protection products, veterinary medicinal products, fertilizers, soil conditioners, seeds, vegetative reproductive material and livestock

Article 4

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Labeling1. The labeling and advertising of a product specified in

Article 1 (1) (a) may refer to organic production methods only where:(b) such indications show clearly that they relate to a

method of agricultural production(b) the product was produced in accordance with the rules

laid down in ►M10 Article 6 ◄ or imported from a third country under the arrangements laid down in Article 11

(c) the product was produced or imported by an operator who is subject to the inspection measures laid down in Articles 8 and 9

Article 5

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Labeling

3. The labeling and advertising of a product specified in Article 1 (1)

(b) may bear indications referring to organic production methods in the sales description of the product only where:

(a) at least 95 % of the ingredients of agricultural origin of the product are, or are derived from, products obtained in accordance with the rules laid down in Article 6 or imported from third countries under the arrangements laid down in Article 11

Article 5

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LabelingArticle 5

(c) the product contains only substances listed in Annex VI, Section A, as ingredients of non-agricultural origin

(d) the products or its ingredients of agricultural origin, referred to in subparagraph (a), have not been subjected to treatments involving the use of substances not listed in Annex VI, Section B

(e) the product or its ingredients have not been subjected to treatments involving the use of ionizing radiation

(f) the product has been prepared or imported by an operator who is subject to the inspection measures laid down in Articles 8 and 9

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LabelingArticle 5

(h) the product has been produced without the use of genetically modified organisms and/or any products derived from such organisms

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GMO Surface in the world

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Rules of productionArticle 6

1. The organic production method implies that for the production ofproducts referred to in Article 1(1)(a) other than seeds and vegetativepropagating material:

(a) at least the requirements of Annex I and, where appropriate, the detailed rules relating thereto, must be satisfied

(b) only products composed of substances mentioned in Annex I or listed in Annex II may be used as plant protection products, fertilizers, soil conditioners, feeding stuffs, feed materials, compound feeding stuffs, feed additives, substances used in animal nutrition under Directive 82/471/EEC, cleaning and disinfecting products for livestock buildings and installations, products for pest and disease control of livestock buildings and installations or for another purpose where such purpose is specified in Annex II in regard to certain products.

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Rules of productionArticle 6

(c) only seed or vegetative propagating material produced by the organic production method referred to in paragraph 2 is used

(d) genetically modified organisms and/or any product derived from such organisms must not be used, with the exception of veterinary medicinal products

2. The organic production method implies that for seeds and vegetativereproductive material, the mother plant in the case of seeds and the parent plant (s) in the case of vegetative propagating material have beenproduced:

(a) without the use of genetically modified organisms and/or any products derived from such organisms, and

(b) in accordance with subparagraphs (a) and (b) of paragraph 1 for at least one generation or, in the case of perennial crops, two growing seasons

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Rules of productionArticle 7

1. Products not authorized at the date of adoption of this Regulation for a purpose indicated in Article 6(1)(b) may be included in Annex II, provided that the following conditions are satisfied:

(a) if they are used for the purpose of plant pest or disease control or for cleaning and disinfecting livestock buildings and installations

(b) if they are used for fertilization or soil-conditioning purposes

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Pest Control (Anex I)

3. Pests, diseases and weeds shall be controlled by a combination of the following measures:

• choice of appropriate species and varieties,• appropriate rotation programme,• mechanical cultivation procedures,• protection of natural enemies of pests through • provisions favourable to them (e.g. hedges, nesting

sites, release of predators),• flame weeding

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Inspection system

1. Any operator who produces, prepares or imports from a third country products as specified in Article 1 for the purpose of marketing them shall:

(a) notify this activity to the competent authority of the Member Statein which the activity is carried out; such notification shall include the information specified in Annex IV

(b) submit his undertaking to the inspection system referred to in Article 9

2. Member States shall designate an authority or body for the reception of notifications

3. The competent authority shall ensure that an updated list containing the names and addresses of operators subject to the inspection system is made available to interested parties

Article 8

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Inspection systemArticle 9

1. Member States shall set up an inspection system operated by one or more designated inspection authorities and/or by approved privatebodies to which the operators referred to in Article 8(1) shall be subject

2. Member States shall adopt the measures necessary to ensure that an operator who complies with the provisions of this Regulation and pays his contribution to inspection expenses has access to the inspectionsystem

3. The inspection system shall comprise at least the application of the precautionary and inspection measures specified in Annex III

4. For the application of the inspection system operated by private bodies, Member States shall designate an authority responsible for the approval and supervision of such bodies

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Inspection systemArticle 9

8. Approved inspection bodies shall:

(a) give the competent authority, for inspection purposes, access to their offices and facilities, together with any information and assistance deemed necessary by the competent authority for the fulfilment of its obligations pursuant to this Regulation

(b) send to the competent authority of the Member State by 31 January each year a list of operators subject to their inspection on 31 December of the previous year and present to the said authority a concise annual report

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Inspection systemArticle 9

11. As from 1 January 1998 and without prejudice to the provisions of paragraphs 5 and 6, approved inspection bodies must satisfy the requirements laid down in the conditions of standard EN 45011

EN 45011 = ISO 65

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Indication that products are covered by the inspection scheme

1. The indication and/or the logo shown in Annex V indicating thatproducts are covered by the specific inspection scheme, may appear on the labeling of products as referred to in Article 1 only where suchproducts:

(a) satisfy the requirements of Article 5 (1) or (3);

(b) have been subject to the inspection system referred to in Article 9throughout the production and preparation process or, in the case ofimported products to equivalent measures; in the case of productsimported according to Article 11 (6), the implementation of theinspection system shall comply with requirements equivalent to those provided for in Article 9, and in particular paragraph 4 thereof

Article 10

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General enforcement measures

1. Where a Member State finds irregularities or infringementsrelating to the application of this Regulation in a product coming from another Member State and bearing indications as referred to in Article 2 and/or Annex V, it shall inform the Member State which designated the inspection authority or approved the inspection body and the Commission thereby

2. Member States shall take whatever measures and action are required to prevent fraudulent use of the indications referred to in Article 2 and/or Annex V

Article 10 a

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Imports from third countries

1. Without prejudice to Article 5, products as specified in Article 1 which are imported from a third country may be marketed only where:

(a) they originate in a third country appearing in a list to be drawn up by a Commission decision in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 14 and were produced in a region or a production unit and under the inspection of an inspection body specified, where appropriate, in the decision concerning the third country in question

(b) the competent authority or body in the third country has issued acertificate of inspection stating that the lot designated in the certificate:

— was obtained within a system of production applying rules equivalent to those laid down in ►M10 Article 6 ◄, and

— was subject to a system of inspection recognized as equivalent in accordance with paragraph 2 (b)

Article 11

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Imports from third countries

6. (a) By way of derogation from paragraph 1, the importer(s) in a Member State shall be authorized by the competent authority of the Member State to market until ►M15 31 December 2005 ◄, products imported from a third country not included in the list

Article 11

Due to an amending of the regulation since the 20 September 2005, the new date for this deadline changed to:

31 December 2006Products that originate from these countries are allowed into the EU as equivalent:

Argentina, Australia, Costa Rica, Israel, Switzerland and New Zealand

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Free movement within the Community

Member States may not, on grounds relating to the method of production,to labelling or to the presentation of that method, prohibit or restrict the marketing of products as specified in Article 1 that meet the requirements of this Regulation

However, with regard to the rules referred to in Annex I, part B, concerning livestock production, Member States may apply more stringent rules to livestock and livestock products produced within their territory, provided that these rules are in compliance with Community law and do not prohibit or restrict the marketing of other livestock and livestock products that meet the requirements of this Regulation

Article 12

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Articles in the Regulation with Administrative provisions and

implementations notesArticle 13

Article 14

Article 15

Article 16

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Annex I and IIANNEX IPRINCIPLES OF ORGANIC PRODUCTION AT FARM LEVEL

ANNEX IIA. FERTILIZERS AND SOIL CONDITIONERSB. PESTICIDESC. FEED MATERIALSD. FEED ADDITIVES, CERTAIN SUBSTANCES USED IN ANIMAL

NUTRITION (DIRECTIVE 82/471/EEC) AND PROCESSING AIDSUSED IN FEEDINGSTUFFS

E. PRODUCTS AUTHORISED FOR CLEANING AND DISINFECTION OF LIVESTOCK BUILDINGS AND INSTALLATIONS (E.G. EQUIPMENT AND UTENSILS)

F. OTHER PRODUCTS

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Annex III, IV and VANNEX IIIMINIMUM INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS AND PRECAUTIONARYMEASURES UNDER THE INSPECTION SCHEME REFERRED TO IN ARTICLES 8 AND 9

ANNEX IVINFORMATION TO BE NOTIFIED AS PROVIDED IN ARTICLE 8 (1)

ANNEX VA. INDICATION THAT PRODUCTS ARE COVERED BY THE

INSPECTION SCHEMEB. COMMUNITY LOGO

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Annex VI

ANNEX VIDEFINITIONSA. INGREDIENTS OF NON-AGRICULTURAL ORIGIN

(REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 5(3)(c) AND ARTICLE 5(5a)(d)

B. PROCESSING AIDS AND OTHER PRODUCTS WHICH MAY BE USED FOR PROCESSING OF INGREDIENTS OF AGRICULTURAL ORIGIN FROM ORGANIC PRODUCTION, REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 5(3)(d) AND ARTICLE 5(5a)(e)

C. INGREDIENTS OF AGRICULTURAL ORIGIN WHICH HAVE NOT BEEN PRODUCED ORGANICALLY, REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 5(4)

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Annex VII and VIII

ANNEX VIIMaximum number of animals per ha Class or species / Maximum number of animals per ha equivalent to 170 kg N/ha/year

ANNEX VIIIMinimum surface areas indoors and outdoors and other characteristics of housing in the different species and types of production

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NOP Certification – United States

CAAQ Certification - Quebec, Canada

JAS Certification - Japan

EU 2092/91 – European Union (verification)

Swiss Farming Ordenance (verification)

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