Brinkley Ch. 4: The Empire In Brinkley Ch. 4: The Empire In TransitionTransition

The The French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War leads leads to Revolutionary Crisisto Revolutionary Crisis

TopicsTopics

Britain’s Policy of NeglectBritain’s Policy of Neglect Colonies Divided Colonies Divided Franklin’s Albany PlanFranklin’s Albany Plan French and Indian War – the struggle for the French and Indian War – the struggle for the

continentcontinent Peace of Paris (1763) Peace of Paris (1763) Consequences of WarConsequences of War Britain’s War Debt Britain’s War Debt Britain wins war but loses continentBritain wins war but loses continent

Complete a Complete a prompt analysisprompt analysis of the following of the following question.question.

Trace the development of British policy Trace the development of British policy toward the colonies toward the colonies between 1763 and between 1763 and 1775.1775. Show how the French and Indian Show how the French and Indian War helped to cause the alteration of War helped to cause the alteration of

pre – 1763 policy.pre – 1763 policy.

Colonial situation through 1750’s: Colonial situation through 1750’s: Salutary neglectSalutary neglect

Colonists view themselves as loyal British Colonists view themselves as loyal British citizenscitizens

Colonies benefitColonies benefit from imperial system and from imperial system and ties to Englandties to England

• trade and commercetrade and commerce• military protectionmilitary protection• Left alone = Left alone = salutary neglect-salutary neglect- except for except for

some control of external trade some control of external trade Navigation ActsNavigation Acts

Britain and FranceBritain and France

Long-time rivals both in Europe and the Long-time rivals both in Europe and the coloniescolonies

Had fought three previous wars in the past Had fought three previous wars in the past 50 years50 years

Differences between English and French Differences between English and French occupation of colonies (page 39 in occupation of colonies (page 39 in The The AmericansAmericans))

Colonies Colonies divideddivided but also united but also united through inter- colonial trade/ through inter- colonial trade/

geographygeography Colonies had Colonies had

created vastly created vastly differentdifferent societies societies

Seemed only Seemed only connected through connected through geography/tradegeography/trade

Brinkley 100-101Brinkley 100-101

Franklin’s Franklin’s Albany PlanAlbany Plan attempts and attempts and failsfails to unite the colonists to unite the colonists

Grew out of attempt to Grew out of attempt to negotiate treaty with negotiate treaty with IroquoisIroquois

Would have provided a Would have provided a “president –general “president –general and a legislature” and a legislature”

3 attempts at union3 attempts at union: : Albany PlanAlbany PlanArticles of ConfederationArticles of ConfederationConstitutionConstitution

Franklin’sFranklin’s Albany PlanAlbany Plan

HomeworkHomework: 3 way Venn: Albany Plan, : 3 way Venn: Albany Plan, Art. Of Confederation, ConstitutionArt. Of Confederation, Constitution

Albany Plan1754

ConstitutionArticles of Confederation

French and Indian War: Battle French and Indian War: Battle between three powers for the between three powers for the

continentcontinent

French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War

1750’s – France /Britain fighting in Europe1750’s – France /Britain fighting in Europe Conflict over ownership of the Ohio Valley causes Conflict over ownership of the Ohio Valley causes

war to spread to colonieswar to spread to colonies This brings British into contact with the colonists, This brings British into contact with the colonists,

reviving tensionsreviving tensions Fort Duquesne vs. Virginia governmentFort Duquesne vs. Virginia government Col. George Washington and Fort Necessity - Col. George Washington and Fort Necessity -

surrenderssurrenders Battle for Quebec is the turning point Battle for Quebec is the turning point

Fort Duquesne/Fort NecessityFort Duquesne/Fort Necessity

CAUSE AND EFFECTCAUSE AND EFFECT

English-French rivalry worldwide

World war between two powerful empires

English, with colonial help, fight French and their Native

American allies.

English inherit vast new land holdings in North America.

Great Britain accumulates huge war debts.

Proclamation of 1763 towards peace with Native Americans.

New importance of North American trade to British Empire.

CAUSE

EFFECT

French finally lose war and are expelled from North America.

Colonists see removal of "deadly" French-Indian threat.

England sees new responsibility to defend huge border in North America.

General need seen in London to overhaul and tighten imperial policies: i.e.. new taxes,

duties, etc.

French and Indian War Transforms

Colonial Relations in North America

Crisis in the British imperial federation!

Change in N. America Political Change in N. America Political Map After WarMap After War

1754-17631754-1763

October 12, 1758, Fort Ligonier by John Buxton

The French depart, but conflicts with The French depart, but conflicts with Natives continue: Pontiac’s RebellionNatives continue: Pontiac’s Rebellion

British Response:British Response:Proclamation of 1763Proclamation of 1763

Areas west of the Areas west of the Appalachian mountains off Appalachian mountains off limits for colonial settlers.limits for colonial settlers.

English hope this will English hope this will prevent more conflict with prevent more conflict with indians living in those indians living in those areas.areas.

Colonial settlers, wanting Colonial settlers, wanting to move westward, to move westward, angered by this moveangered by this move