British rule and education

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Sankalp Singh

British College

British Rule in India

Company rule in India (sometimes, Company Raj,[1] "raj," lit. "rule" in Hindi[2]) refers to the rule or dominion of the British East India Company on the Indian subcontinent. This is variously taken to have commenced in 1757, after the Battle of Plassey, when the Nawab of Bengal surrendered his dominions to the Company,[3] in 1765, when the Company was granted the diwani, or the right to collect revenue, inBengal and Bihar,[4] or in 1773, when the Company established a capital in Calcutta, appointed its first Governor-General, Warren Hastings, and became directly involved in governance.[5] The rule lasted until 1858, when, after the Indian rebellion of 1857 and consequent of theGovernment of India Act 1858, the British government assumed the task of directly administering India in the new British Raj .

Company rule in Indiaકંપની રાજ (gu)நிறுவனத்தின் ராஜ் (ta)

ক োম্পোনি রোজ (bn)कंपनी राज (hi)

راجکمپنی (ur)ಭಾರತದಲಿ್ಲ ಕಂಪನಿ ಆಡಳಿತ (ka)

Colony established by the East India Companyand regulated by the British parliament.

↓ 1757–1858

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Flag Coat of arms

MottoAuspicio Regis et Senatus Angliae

"By command of the King and Parliament of England"

Capital Calcutta

Languages English, Persian, and others

Political structure Colony administered by the East India Companyand regulated by theBritish parliament.

Governor-General

- 1774–1775 Warren Hastings- 1857–1858 Charles Canning

History

Battle of Plassey 10 May 1757

Treaty of Allahabad 1765

Treaty of Seringapatam 1792

Treaty of Bassein 1802

Treaty of Lahore 1846

Government of India Act 2 August 1858

Currency Rupee

Preceded by Succeeded by

Mughal Empire

Kingdom of Mysore

Maratha Empire

Sikh Empire

Principality of Bengal

British Raj

Straits Settlements

Today part of BangladeshIndiaMalaysiaMyanmarPakistanSingapore

The English East India Company (hereafter, the Company) was founded in 1600, as The Company of Merchants of London Trading into the East Indies. It gained a foothold in India in 1612 after Mughal emperor Jahangir granted it the rights to establish a factory, or trading post, in the port of Surat on the western coast. In 1640, after receiving similar permission from the Vijayanagara ruler farther south, a second factory was established in Madras on the southeastern coast. Bombay island, not far from Surat, a former Portuguese outpost gifted to England asdowry in the marriage of Catherine of Braganza to Charles II, was leased by the Company in 1668. Two decades later, the Company established a presence on the eastern coast as well; far up that coast, in the Ganges river delta, a factory was set up in Calcutta. Since, during this time other companies—established by the Portuguese, Dutch, French, and Danish—were similarly expanding in the region, the English Company's unremarkable beginnings on coastal India offered no clues to what would become a lengthy presence on the Indian subcontinent.

The Company's victory under Andrea Bustamante and Robert Clive power in the 1757 Battle of Plassey and another victory in the 1764 Battle of Buxar (in Bihar), consolidated the Company's power, and forced emperor Shah Alam II to appoint it the diwan, or revenue collector, of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa. The Company thus became the de facto ruler of large ares of the lower Gangetic plain by 1773. It also proceeded by degrees to expand its dominions around Bombay and Madras. The Anglo-Mysore Wars (1766–1799) and the Anglo-Maratha Wars (1772–1818) left it in control of large areas of India south of the Sutlej River. With the defeat of the Marathas, no native power represented a threat for the Company any longer.[6] The end of the last Anglo-Maratha War in 1818 marked the era of British paramountcy over India.[7]

Charles Cornwallis(second term) 30 July 1805–5 October 1805

Financial strain in East India Company after costly campaigns.Cornwallis reappointed to bring peace, but dies in Ghazipur.

George Hilario Barlow (locum tenens) 10 October 1805–31 July 1807 Vellore Mutiny (July 10, 1806)

Lord Minto 31 July 1807–4 October 1813Invasion of JavaOccupation of Mauritius

Marquess of Hastings 4 October 1813–9 January 1823

Anglo-Nepal War of 1814Annexation of Kumaon, Garhwal, and east Sikkim.Cis-Sutlej states (1815).Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817–1818)States of Rajputana accept British suzerainty (1817).Singapore was founded (1818).Cutch accepts British suzerainty (1818).Gaikwads of Baroda accept British suzerainty (1819).Central India Agency (1819).

Lord Amherst 1 August 1823–13 March 1828

First Anglo–Burmese War (1823–1826)Annexation of Assam, Manipur, Arakan, and Tenasserim from Burma

William Bentinck

4 July 1828–20 March 1835

Bengal Sati Regulation, 1829Thuggee and Dacoity Suppression Acts, 1836–1848Mysore State goes under British administration (1831–1881)Bahawalpur accepts British Suzerainty (1833)Coorg annexed (1834).

Charles Canning

28 February 1856–1 November 1858

Hindu Widows Remarriage Act (July 25, 1856)First Indian universities founded (January–September 1857)Indian Rebellion of 1857 (10 May 1857–20 June 1858) largely in North-Western Provinces and OudhLiquidation of the English East India Company under Government of India Act 1858[12]

TRAIL OF ST.GEROGE

EDUCATION IN TIMES OF BRITISH RULE

The Madras Presidency, officially the Presidency of Fort St. George and also known as MADRAS Province, was an administrative subdivision of British India. At its greatest extent, the presidency included much of southern India, including the present-day Indian State of Tamil Nadu, theMalabar region of North Kerala, Lakshadweep Islands, the Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema regions of Andhra Pradesh, Ganjam, Malkangiri,Koraput, Rayagada, Nabarangapur and Gajapati districts of southern Odisha and the Bellary, Dakshina Kannada, and Udupi districts of Karnataka. The presidency had its winter capital at Madras and summer capital at Ootacamund.

In 1639, the English East India Company purchased the village of Madraspatnam and one year later it established the Agency of Fort St George, precursor of the Madras Presidency, although there had been Company factories at Machilipatnam and Armagon since the very early 1600s. The agency was upgraded to a Presidency in 1652 before once more reverting to its previous status in 1655. In 1684, it was re-elevated to a Presidency and Elihu Yale was appointed as president. In 1785, under the provisions of Pitt's India Act, Madras became one of three provinces established by the East India Company. Thereafter, the head of the area was styled "Governor" rather than "President" and became subordinate to the Governor-General in Calcutta, a title that would persist until 1947. Judicial, legislative and executive powers rested with the Governor who was assisted by a Council whose constitution was modified by reforms enacted in 1861, 1909, 1919 and 1935. Regular elections were conducted in Madras up to the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939. By 1908, the province comprised twenty-two districts, each under a District Collector, and it was further sub-divided into taluks and firqas with villages making up the smallest unit of administration.

Following the Montague-Chelmsford reforms of 1919, Madras was the first province of British India to implement a system of dyarchy, and thereafter its Governor ruled alongside a prime minister. In the early decades of the 20th century, many significant contributors to the Indian independence movement came from Madras. With the advent of Indian independence on 15 August 1947, the Presidency was dissolved. Madras was later admitted as a state of the Indian Union at the inauguration of the Republic of India on 26 January 1950, and was reorganised in 1956.

Colonial India

Imperial Entities of India

Dutch India 1605–1825

Danish India 1620–1869

French India 1769–1954

Portuguese India 1505–1961

Casa da Índia 1434–1833

Portuguese East India Company 1628–1633

British India 1612–1947

East India Company 1612–1757

Company rule in India 1757–1858

British Raj 1858–1947

British rule in Burma 1824–1948

Princely states 1721–1949

Partition of India 1947

COLLEGE AT THE TIME OF BRITISH