Broadband/Wireless for Peadar

Transmission Theory

• What happens between the time that a signal begins to propagate down a wire and the time that it reaches its destination

• Digital Transmission Speed– “How fast is your internet connection?”

– www.bandwidthplace.com/speedtest

• Bit Rate– Bits per second

– Number of information bits which can be transferred in a single second

– Information bit being a 1 or 0

Transmission Theory

• Messaging through closed medium

• Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)– Copper wire

• RJ-45 Jacks

• Optical Fibre– Uses light rather voltage to send 1 & 0

Modems

• Ordinary telephone lines– Very useful for low-speed data transmission

– Most homes already have a phoneline, thus no need for IT investment

– Analog transmission

– Computers work with digital transmission

• Modem transforms digital computer signals into an analog form and back into digital signals

• Internal, External, PCI Card (Laptop)

Modem Standards

• Speed Standards– V.90 allows modem to receive at 56kbps &

send at 33.6

– V.34 -> 33.6kbps

– V.32 -> 14.4kbps

• Error Correction and Data Compression Standards– V.42 allows retransmitting information that

was garbled during transmission

Modem Alternatives

• Speed Problem– Analog phone line has a max of 33kbps for

transmission

– Higher Speed Connections needed which are called broadband access services

• Alternatives to Modems– Broadband

– ISDN, DSL, ADSL, Cable, Satellite etc.

Broadband Infrastructure

• What is broadband?– High-speed internet access which allows clients to connect to

the Internet up to 30 times faster than using a dial-up (DSL)

– Any “always on, high speed connection” to the Internet

– Increased business usage of Internet resources• File sharing

• File downloading and uploading

• Web Surfing

• Broadband Information Web Site– www.broadband.gov.ie

Broadband Infrastructure

• Broadband Technologies– ADSL

– CABLE

– Fixed Wireless Broadband

– Satellite

• Cost– PC, Modem, Monthly Connection

Cost

How to define broadband?

• Narrowband– Up to 2 ISDN at 128k in both directions

• Midband– Up to 512K download and 256k upload

• Broadband– Above 512k download and 256k upload

Broadband Infrastructure

• Contention– Most broadband access services share a single connection

path between many customers - this is referred to as contention. A contention ratio of 40:1 means that up to 40 customers are sharing the same connection.

– Low usage -> contention does not pose a problem

– High usage -> the quality of the connection can deteriorate if many customers use the connection at the same time. Most of the time, you should be able to connect to 75% - 90% of the top speed available at your location

ISDN

• Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

• ISDN is a purely digital system

• ISDN is a dial-up system (not always “on”)

• Installation and usage dependend on Telecoms

• ISDN modem needed

• Multiplexing

• Cost of running ISDN

DSL

• Digital Subsriber Line (DSL) Modems

• Entirely digital service offered by Telecoms

• Faster than ISDN, offering transmission speeds of 384 kbps to several megabits per second

• ADSL – Asymmetric DSL– High downstream speed, lower upstream speed

– Suitable for www surfing @ home

Why Broadband?

•FastUp to 40 times faster than traditional dial-up internet access. •Always-OnNo dial-up, no time restrictions, no cut-offs. •ConvenientAccess the internet and talk on the telephone at the same time. •EntertainmentExperience smooth digital video and CD quality music •ValueOne flat fee per month with no additional internet call charges

The Knowledge Society???

While the industrial age was primarily driven by

productivity increases due to greater power (Electric)

Economic progress in the 21st century will be driven

primarily by productivity increases

due to greater knowledge –

the ability to access quickly large amounts of information,

to process it in concert with others

and

to use it to produce and consume more efficiently.

Tbps

00.5

11.5

22.5

33.5

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

3%

24%

20%

43%

21%

45%

24%

10%

Rich Media & Streaming

Peer to Peer

Server to Server

Web Pages

Terabits of IP traffic per year (with a % break-down of that traffic for the years 1999 and 2005)

IP TRAFFIC GROWTH

Example of Capacity Requirement

• 2-hour movie with mpeg-1 compression – File Size 2 GB. • Video-on-demand - download times must be shorter than the play time.

TIME

hours

DSL/Cable

2 hours, 45

5 Mbps connection 43 minutes

100 Mbps

CONNECTIONDOWNLOAD

Dial-up 14.4 kbpsover 14 days, 12

Dial-up 56.6 kbpsover 3 days, 5 hours

Modem at 640 kbps over 6 hours

T1 at 1.5 Mbps minutes

10 Mbps connection 21 minutes

connection 2 minutes

CONNECTIONDOWNLOAD

Dial-up 14.4 kbpsover 14 days, 12

Dial-up 56.6 kbpsover 3 days, 5 hours

Modem at 640 kbps over 6 hours

T1 at 1.5 Mbps minutes

10 Mbps connection 21 minutes

connection 2 minutes

Download of “The Matrix” DVD

Broadband Stats

• www.oecd.org (June 2005)• 137m broadband connections (OECD

countries), up 18m compared to January 2005

• DSL:60%• Cable:32%• Other:8% (Fixed wireless, fibre, LAN)

Broadband Penetration (June 2005)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Source: OECD

DSL Cable Other

OECD Broadband subscribers per 100 inhabitants, by technology, June 2005

OECD average

Case Study: Singapore

• Singapore was the first country in the world to deploy ADSL commercially when SingTel launched its Magix service in November 1997– 2003 Summary Report

• “Intelligent Nation 2015”– www.in2015.sg

Case Study: SEISS

• Broadband Infrastructure Case Study:– SEISS– South East Information Society Strategy

(Ireland)

South East Regional Authority Area

SEISS ICT Strategy & Action Plan

Programme Elements

Integrated Approach to Regional ICT Development

Phase 1

Municipal Fibre Optic Networks

Phase 2

Regional Interconnectivity

Regional Municipal Broadband

Fibre Optic Network

Typical Municipal Fibre Optic

Town/City Network

Industry

Railway StationESAT

Hospital

Local Authority

Eircom Exchange

Industrial ParkEnterprise Centre

Fas Centre

ESBiTransformer Station

Bank

Govmnt. Dept.

Fas Centre

Health Board

School

School

Institute of Technology

Library

Industry

Telco ProviderPOPs

School

Industrial Park

TeleHub

Switched SDH Unit, WaterfordNetwork Services & ManagementEthernet Connectivity for SMEs

MAN Project

• So, what’s the big deal in getting there????

• ….and where do we lay the cable?– Highways– Water– Gas

Typical Municipal Fibre Optic

Town/City Network

MAN – Civil Works

MAN - Traditional Utility Trenching

• Conventional

Open Cut Dig

MAN

• Conventional Open Cut Dig

 

Co-Location BuildMAN - Cable Installation

Internet by Satellite

• Internet -> Location doesn’t matter– Not for infrastructure

– Rural areas still have a “infrastructural” disadvantage

– Use satelite broadband access to overcome this issue

• 2004 (USA)– 3.9m homes will have high-speed service via satellite

– 9.6m homes with cable modems

– 7m homes with digital lines (DSL & ADSL)

Internet by Satellite

• Worldwide, data over cable exceeds wireless delivery of broadband Internet access

• Satellite Access Options– One way

• Uplink is negotiated through traditional phone modem

• Used mainly for downloading

• Not good for web browsing or online gaming

– Two way• 2 Mbps uplink & 38 Mbps downlink

Satellite Broadband Infrastructure

• Costs? € 1 = 2.04 SGD (November 2005)– Ireland: Once off installation € 125 + €270/quarter

• From €1205 to €6300 (2MB per second)

– Satelite broadband access • SOHO Bandwidth costs € 49.99 per month for 500 MB

download, € 0.10 per MB thereafter.USB Satellite Receiver Purchase € 290.00

• Enterprise Hardware Rental € 285.00 per month, Bandwidth costs € 500.00 per month for 1 GB upload/download, € 0.21 per MB thereafter

M-Commerce & Wireless Communications

• Introduction• How is wireless technology used?• Wireless Applications• Advantages & Disadvantages

Introduction

• Mobile users connected world-wide (Dataquest)– 1998: 200m– 2000: 400m– 2003: 900m

• Mobile penetration in Europe (Dataquest)– 1999: 50%– 2000: 55%– 2003: 65%

• Mobile connections outline fixed lines (2005)– Phone land lines -> 1.900.000– Mobiles -> 3.800.000

Bluetooth

• Bluethooth– Cable Nightmare– Solution?

• Bluetooth– …open standard for short range voice and data

communication– …short-range radio connection between devices– …wireless comunication with a difference– …name was chosen to hightlight potential of this

technology to unify the telecommunications and computing industries

Bluetooth

• Bluetooth Device– Communication via radio transceivers/radio

modules– Link manager (software) identifies other

Bluetooth devices, creates the link, and sends/receives data

– 10 meter range, up to 1Mbps transmission rate– Transmission through physical barriers, like

walls to one or many devices at the same time– 1500+ difference vendors have agreed to

distribute Bluetooth enabled devices

Bluetooth products

Piconet

Every Bluetooth device can simultaneously maintain up to 7 connections, but only one active connection at the time. These groups (maximum of 8 devices: 1 host and 7 slaves) are called Piconets

Piconet Connectivity

Bluetooth

• 1994– Ericsson, Nokia, IBM, Toshiba, Intel hit

upon the idea of bluetooth

• 1998– Special Interest Group officially launched,

couple of hundred members

• 2000– SIG has over 2000 signed up members

• http://www.bluetooth.com

Wireless Network Overview 802.11

Wireless LANs

• The Big Thing in local area networking today

• Gives mobility to users within the corporate premises

• Not a competitor for the main wired Ethernet LAN today; extends the wired LAN’s resources to mobile users

Wireless LAN (WLAN) Access Point

Server

Internet

Router

Ethernet Switch

LaptopMobile Client

AccessPoint

Large Wired LAN

UTP RadioTransmission

Access point controls wireless stations (transmission power, etc.)

ControlMessage

Typical 802.11 Wireless LAN Operation with

Access Points

Server

EthernetSwitch

LaptopAccessPoint A

Large Wired LAN

Client PC

UTP RadioTransmission

802.11 Frame802.3 Frame

802.3 Frame

Access point bridges the networks (translates between the 802.11 wireless frame and the Ethernet 802.3 frame used within the LAN)

Wireless Access Point and Wireless PC Card NIC.

Access Point

WirelessNIC

WLAN

• 802.11b– 112 meter range– Up to 11Mbps

• New Version 802.11a– 90 meter range– Up to 54Mbps

• 802.11g– Added Security

802.11 Security

• Automated Drive-By Hacking– Can read traffic from outside the corporate

walls– Can also send malicious traffic into the

network

802.11 Security

• No Security by Default– In older products, the installation default

was to have no security at all

NoSecurity

NoSecurity

802.11 Security

• Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)

– Initial flawed security method for 802.11 devices

– All stations share the same encryption key with the access point

– This key is rarely changed because of the difficulty of coordinating the many users sharing it

802.11 Security

• Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)

– Shared static keys means that a large volume of traffic is encrypted with the same key

– With so much traffic generated with one unchanging key, cryptanalysts to crack the key by collecting data for a few days

– Once the key is cracked, the attacker can read all messages and send attack messages into the network without going through a firewall filter

802.11 Security

• Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)

– Software that automates the hacking process is widely available

• Locate vulnerable access points by driving around (war driving)

• Collecting traffic and cracking the key.

Fixed Broadband Wireless

• Wireless transmission for data communications– Antenna on roof of each building

which is connected– 56 KM range– Up to 1Gbps (1 billion bits per second)

download– Up to 512Kbps upload

Wireless Applications

• Education• Military• Business• Entertainment• Travel• Other

Wireless Applications

• Education– Ideal for colleges & schools– No need to plug & unplug– Flexibility– Bluetooth -> Real-time information

exchange– Costs savings for college

• Installation & maintenance costs• Installation & maintenance of computer labs

Wireless Applications

• Business– Real-time data access in meetings

which can be held anywhere – Savings

• Network Installation & Maintenance

– Police Services– News & Media– Property Agencies & Car Sales– Retailing

RFID

• Radio Frequency Identification• Advanced Barcode (1970s) technology

– ~ €0.50 per chip

• RFID are intelligent bar codes that can communicate with other devices on the same network– “Contact” or “Line of Sight” is not necessary– Doesn’t need to be scanned physically– Transmits up to 30 meters– Reader can read up to 40 RFID tags per second

RFID

• RFID Components– TAG

• Chip (up to 128 bites), RadioTransmitter

– READER• Reads data from tags

– HOST• Application’s “nerve centre”• Uses data received from and sent to RFID for logistics and commercial

management• Where could RFID be implemented and used?

– Pay by weight management systems– Tolling System “Eazy Pass” is based on RFID– Inventory Management, Retailing– “Precise and current data – Anytime and anywhere” from

manufacturer til Point-of-Sale destination (Producer to Customer)

RFID – Case Study

• Metro Group’s “Future Store” – A platform for future retailing– www.metrogroup.de– 3rd biggest European Retailer, 5th world-

wide– 240.000 employees in 30 countries, €56b

Revenue– Metro Cash&Carry, MediaMarkt

(Electronics), Praktiker (DIY)

RFID – Case Study

– Rheinberg, Germany, Opened April 2003– RFID system implemented for both “backend” and

“frontend” usage• PSA (Personal Shopping Assistant) – Touchscreen on shopping

trolley• “Intelligent System” reacts to customer need• Intelligent Scales• Store-wide navigation System• Information Terminals & “Everywhere Display” (ISW)• Check-out options

– RFID in shopping trolley: The more in use the more checkout staff

– RFID on products: Inventory control• Smart Shelf & Intelligent Store Management

– www.future-store.org

RFID – Case Study

• Benefits– Optimised inventory control– Reduced operating costs– Increased customer satisfaction– Increased efficiency of Supply Chain

Management. Parties have access to information via RFID management system• Manufacturer, Data Warehouse, Distributor• Fully Automised system

RFID – Case Study

RFID – Case Study

Let’s sit back and watch a movie

1) RFID Innovations

2) The “Future Store”

RFID – Privacy Concerns

• RFID smartcards usually hold information about product, however, can be linked to personal information– Purchase can be linked to client (CC, Loyalty scheme)– Gillette and Tesco (UK) used spychip technology

• Everyone buying Gillette Mach3 razor blades at Tesco’s Cambridge store had his or her picture taken. “Picked-up” product triggers hidden camera at shelf and check-out.

• www.spychips.org

• Video

RFID – The Future

• RFID market valued at US$1.1b by 2007– Germany and UK will account for around 40% of European Market

• Smart Fridge– Scans its content and sends information via Internet to retailer’s

customer “Internet Shopping List”• RFID Check Out

– Fully automated – Money is debited from clients account

• Radar Golfballs– BPS (Ball Positioning System)– US$250 per set, first shipment in June 2005

• RFID tags in clothes– Tesco, WalMart, Metro– 140 pieces/hour (worker) vs 4000-8000 pieces/hour (RFID)

• RFID based passpords containing biometric data– Currently tested by US Government, introduced by Q4 2005

RFID – The Future

Case Study: Superquinn

• SuperScan Initiative www.superquinn.ie– Traditional: Products scanned at check-out, time-wasting– Now: “Scan as you shop” using hand-held scanner

• Client always gets the total amount of shopping displayed on scanner

– Take device and scan your superclub loyalty scheme card– “Scan as you shop” using barcode technology– Return scanner and take superscan slip, proceed to

checkout and pay• Products which couldn’t be scanned will be scanned at

checkout manually

Wireless Applications

• Entertainment– Event Management– Lost, stolen, or counterfeited tickets– Real-time game statistics to PDA or

other wireless devices– FIFA Worldcup 2006 (Germany)

Wireless Applications

• Travel & Tourism industry– Wireless global positioning systems

(GPS) & emergency roadside assistance

– Wireless Internet Access @ airports (Changi, Copenhagen)

– Airplanes (SIA)– Hotels (Raffles Singapore)

Wireless Applications

• Travel Case Study– Connexion by BoeingSM gives you

access to high-speed Internet while in flight. With Connexion by Boeing, you can check email, browse the Internet, corporate Intranet, Inflight News and other travel services, such as connection flights etc.

Wireless Applications

Wireless Applications

• Who is using it?– BA, Lufthansa– SIA, SAS, JAL will all connect soon

• Cheap service and high satisfaction rate– Internet Flight

• US$13 for flights < 3 hours• US$20 for flights >3 & <6 hours• US$30 for flights > 6 hours

– Internet Minutes• US$8 for 30minutes & flights < 3 hours• US$10 for 30 minutes & flights > 3 hours• US$0.25 per additional minute

• http://www.connexionbyboeing.com

Wireless Applications

• Other– Health Care

• Hospitals & Global treatment of diseases and injuries

• Eliminate the “Expert Problem”• Emergency Services• Prescriptions & Pharmacy integration

– Home Usage• Intelligent Fridge• Wireless Home Network (SWAP)• Wireless ISP

• New Business Opportunities

Aussie Hair Products Screensaver & Wallpaper

• Proctor and Gamble wanted to promote the Aussie hair care range to a youthful audience by allowing them` to download a free mobile wallpaper and screen saver to their phone

iTV2 Supernatural Launch Reminder

• Supernatural allowed iTV2 to promoted it’s new series on Yahoo! with SMS enabled banners to remind viewers to watch the show on the launch day.

Orange Catwoman film launch

Citröen test drive

15 second clip from Citröen advert

Get viewers to book a test drive

Delivery can be triggered from Website, inbound text message or web banner