TEAMS:An OverviewSubmitted By:

Team vs. Group

GroupsGroups are a normal part of life many of us will belong to a wide range of groups, for example: family groups, social groups, sports groups, committees, etc.

Every group is different:-Different purposes-Different people-Different relationships

Characteristics of Groups Size 3-13 members5 is considered optimal.Some studies say as many as 20 can be functional.Too large a group can lead to social loafing.

Interdependence of MembersCooperationDependenceMutual InfluenceSubordination to Goal

Group IdentityGroups only exist when members are able to think of themselves as a group.Shared ValuesShared Goals

Group GoalsGoals=the reason the group exists.The group goal is not the same as individual goals.

Group StructureGoals=the reason the group exists.The group goal is not the same as individual goals.

TeamsA team is a group of individuals who have come together to achieve a specific, common goal.

All teams are small groups, but not all small groups operate as teams.

Teams are typically small groups of people with a common purpose and a sense of belonging, who exert influence over one another.

Groups Vs. Teams

GroupsTeamsGoalsGoals may be discussed in general terms.Clear, elevating goals drive all aspects of team accomplishment. Roles and ResponsibilitiesRoles and responsibilities may be discussed but are not always explicitly defined or developedRoles and responsibilities are clearly developed and discussed.RulesRules are not formally developed and evolve according the groups needs Rules and operating procedures are clearly discussed and developed to help team work together. MethodsGroup members interact, and work is usually divided. Team members collaborate and coordinate efforts. Team members work together interdependently.

Effective Team Mission and Vision

Life Cycle of a Project Team

Project Team Life Cycle comprises of four phases:

InitiationPlanningExecutionClosure

InitiationInitiation essentially involves starting up the project. You initiate a project by defining its purpose and scope, the justification for initiating it and the solution to be implemented. You will also need to recruit a suitably skilled project team, set up a Project Office and perform an end of Phase Review. The Project Initiation phase involves the following six key steps:

PlanningAfter defining the project and appointing the project team, you're ready to enter the detailed Planning phase. This involves creating a suite of planning documents to help guide the team throughout the project delivery. The Planning Phase involves completing the following 10 key steps:

ExecutionThis is the phase in which the deliverables are physically built and presented to the customer for acceptance.These processes include managing time, cost, quality, change, risks, issues, suppliers, customers and communication.

ClosureClosure involves releasing the final deliverables to the customer, handing over project documentation to the business, terminating supplier contracts, releasing project resources and communicating project closure to all stakeholders. The last remaining step is to undertake a Post Implementation Review to identify the level of project success and note any lessons learned for future projects.

Rationale of a Team

Teams are a part of everyone's life. You're a member of a family team, a staff team, church, school, and community teams. So it's appropriate that we understand the need for teamwork.

The multi-dimensional and thus multi-discipline nature of many problems requires a team approach. This approach encourages you as staff with complementary skills and competencies, to coordinate your efforts.

By establishing priorities, concentrating financial resources, and combining knowledge and expertise, you can have greater impact on serious problems through your program efforts.

Such efforts can serve to: Lighten your work load, Reduce duplication of efforts, and Produce a result greater than all of your separate efforts.

Goal Analysis

Robert. F. Mager developed a goal analysis as follows:

1. Write down the goal in brief phrases or single words 2. Write down the performance that, if achieved, would provide confirmation that the goal was achieved. 3. Delete any duplications or unwanted items. If there are items in 1 and 2 that are too abstract (fuzzy), rewrite to make more specific. 4. Write a complete statement for each desired behavior or performance. Describe the nature, quality, or amount considered acceptable 5. Test the statements against the original goals in no. 1. If a person demonstrated the stated performances, would you be willing to say that he has achieved the goal? when the answer is yes, the analysis is complete.

Team Roles

Team roles is defined by Dr. Meredith Belbin as : A tendency to behave, contribute and interrelate with others in a particular way.

The Nine Team RolesBelbin gave 9 team roles type:

Plantscould be unorthodox or forgetfulResource Investigatorsmight forget to follow up on a leadMonitor Evaluatorscould be overly critical and slow movingCo-ordinatorsmight over delegate leaving themselves little work to doImplementersmight be slow to relinquish their plans in favour of positive changesCompleter Finisherscould be accused of taking their perfectionism to the extremesTeamworkersmight become indecisive when unpopular decisions need to be madeShaperscould risk becoming aggressive and bad-humoured in their attempts to get things doneSpecialistmay have a tendency to focus narrowly on their own subject of choice

Each type has a typical behavioural strength and a characteristic weakness

PLANT

RESOURCE INVESTIGATOR

CO-ORDINATOR

SHAPER

MONITOR EVALUATOR

TEAM WORKER

IMPLEMENTER

COMPLETER FINISHER

SPECIALIST