0

BUS 209: Quantitative Analysis of Business

December 3, 2014

An Analysis of Former, Current,

and Prospective Cub Scouts

1

1

Table of Contents

Executive Summary 2

Introduction 3

Project Overview

Market Analysis 4

Competitor Analysis 8

Research 9

Current Scouts 9

o Research Methodology 9

o Qualitative Analysis 10

o Survey Results 12

Former Scouts 32

o Research Methodology 32

o Qualitative Analysis 32

o Survey Results 34

Hispanic/Latino Awareness 46

o Research Methodology 46

o Qualitative Analysis 46

o Survey Results 47

Conclusions and Recommendations 52

Conclusions 52

Recommendations 54

Appendix 57

Works Cited 58

Students who participated in the Project 62

Research Instruments 65

o Current Scouts 65

o Former Scouts 67

o Hispanic/Latino 72

Supplementary Graphs 77

o Current Scouts 77

o Former Scouts 95

2

Executive Summary

The Boy Scouts of America, Crossroads of America Council seeks to strengthen the enrollment

and retention of those available to participate in Cub Scouts. The Byrum Business School, BUS209

Quantitative Analysis of Business course collected and analyzed a variety of secondary and primary

research to understand the current state of the population of boys ages 7 - 11, and explored opportunities

to more effectively retain and enroll members. The semester-long project included research on the

following objectives; 1) retain current Cub Scouts; 2) decrease dropped registrations among Cub Scouts;

and 3) increase awareness among prospective Scouts in the Hispanic/Latino community. This report

includes an analysis of the research data, along with recommendations to achieve these objectives.

Results of the survey performed in October and November of 2014 indicate that parent

involvement is critical to retention. Furthermore, former and current Cub Scouts prefer outdoor activities

such as camping over "school work" activities that occur in the meetings. Dropped registrations can be

traced to parent dissatisfaction with Den and Pack Meetings. Disorganization, lack of leadership, time

commitment, and quality and variety of activities all contribute to low parent satisfaction.

The Hispanic/Latino awareness research reveals that awareness of Scouting is moderately high,

but lacks understanding of the BSA mission. This group most strongly associating values, social

activities, and physical activities with the Scouts.

After interpretation of the results, recommendations to maintain loyalty, increase retention, and

expand among the Hispanic/Latino demographic are, specifically, 1) improve leadership, organization,

and communication within Dens and Packs, 2) consider flexible time commitment options, 3) a

mentoring program pairing Cub Scouts with Boy Scouts, 4) partnerships that provide access to facilities,

contacts within new target markets, and other differentiation opportunities, 4) marketing to diverse

populations at minority focused events, aligning messaging specific to their needs, and through the use of

targeted media, such as Spanish-language radio and social media.

3

Introduction

Project Overview

The Crossroads of America Council, Boy Scouts of America (BSA) requested a study in order

to identify issues in three areas related to Cub Scouting: retention of current Cub Scout families,

dropped registrations, and the awareness of Cub Scouts among the Hispanic/Latino community. The

overall goal was to perform a business analysis with recommendations to maintain loyalty, increase

retention, and increase awareness for the Boy Scouts of America organization.

Market research was completed by the Clark H. Byrum School of Business in the spring 2014

BUS 209: Quantitative Analysis of Business course, where data was collected on current, former, and

prospective Scouting families. The BUS 209 course students met with the Marketing and Public

Relations Director of the Crossroad of America Council, Emily Elliott, to receive feedback, direction,

and information essential to the project. In order to communicate with the Cub Scout population, the

class was provided contact information for current and former Scouts. The data collected from the Cub

Scout population was interpreted and recommendations were developed to meet the project objectives.

4

Market Analysis

Secondary research included a review of more than fifty documents and websites to explore

current market perceptions about Scouting, to review Scouting trends and activities for boys ages 7 –

11, and to review information specific to market size for the Crossroads Council.

Market perceptions about Scouting are mixed, with positive views surrounding the benefits of

participation and some concerns regarding the time commitment required for Scouting, the financial

obligation, as well as the controversy surrounding Resolution 2014. The beneficial aspects of

participation in Cub Scouts, found in the research, are becoming a better individual, growing

religiously, and experiencing new technology. One of the most prominent strengths that the Boy Scouts

implement is their values-based curriculum. The program strives to develop boys into well-rounded

young men by demonstrating how to become respected leaders, developing self-confidence and

stronger characters. These characteristics help the youth cultivate “academic skills, leadership skills,

and citizenship skills that influence their adult lives” (Interactive 5). A study conducted by Harris

Interactive found that 80% of the adults who were former Scouts say the values they learned in

Scouting continue to be very important to them today (Values of Scouts). Another strong point BSA

implements in their program is the variety of activities and unique opportunities offered. Some of their

events include the Blue and Gold Banquet, camping, derbies, field trips, and service projects.

Furthermore, these programs help Cub Scouts meet and connect with boys their own age, participate in

activities with others who share similar interests, and create new friendships.

Another benefit Cub Scouts receive is the involvement in religious growth. There are troops of

many different religions participating in Scouting, and there are 26 different religions that give awards

and badges for the Scout’s religious achievements (Armstrong). Incorporating technology in Scouting

is also viewed as positive. The BSA’s main approach in communicating science and technology to its

Scouts is through the STEM program (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics)

5

(Scouting.org). This program gives Scouts an additional option, especially for those who have more

academic interests. The STEM program may not yet be a traditional Scouting activity; however, it

provides substantial skills and benefits to the Scouts who participate.

Issues cited in the secondary research relate to the time requirements for Scouting, the financial

commitment, and the continued disagreement on the issue of homosexuality. Children today participate

in a variety of activities which forces families and children to balance their time commitments. Most

children are in school an average of about seven hours a day plus the amount of time it takes to

complete homework. Children may also participate in extracurricular activities, which can add up to

almost eleven hours a day away from home. School, transportation, homework, and extracurricular

activities allow children little time to do other things, which hinder some children’s involvement in the

BSA program.

Money is also an increasing issue for children who wish to participate in Cub Scouts. The cost

of Cub Scout uniforms and the cost to participate in events may be challenging for lower income

families. A typical Cub Scout’s uniform could cost anywhere from $134 to $222. This amount does not

include additional accessories for their uniform, such as various patches (ScoutStuff). In some, “Scout

groups, which usually include more than one section, are sponsored by religious organizations (52%),

service clubs (25%), community organizations (18%), government agencies, parent teacher

organizations or fire departments (5%)” (Morland). While formal organizations may assist in paying

some of the amount spent on Scouting; many parents will likely not have access to these resources and

may find Scouting cost-prohibitive.

The final issue is the official position that the Boy Scouts of America took as of 2014. This

position states that Scouts themselves can be homosexual and still be a part of BSA, but maintained the

stance that homosexual adults are not allowed to hold leadership positions. There continues to be both

proponents and opponents with regard to the issue. One proponent of the 2014 position is the LGBT

6

youth and their allies who have a website called Scoutpride.org (BSA Discrimination). The website

aides children in revealing their sexual orientation, and it gives support to homosexual BSA members

who are bullied or asked to leave the unit. Some opposition can be seen in an interview with the

Washington Times. Dennis Ebersole, a Den Leader in Virginia, said, “Within 12 hours of the

announcement that the membership standards resolution had passed, I was contacted by five other

members in my pack leadership committee, questioning whether they were going to continue

Scouting.” (Yu)

Research concerning membership trends in Scouting primarily discussed how membership has

been dropping significantly. “For every two Scouts that join, only one will make it to the third year”

(Morland). Morland also stated that troops who do not offer as many outdoor activities are more likely

to lose Scouts. “Scouts who achieve badges are more likely to stay and continue to the Venturer

program (ages 14-17). Scouts who achieve awards are involved in more outdoor activities that they

enjoy, which improves the retention rate.”

In the June 2011 issue of Scouting Magazine, reasons for retention problems were identified as

competition with after-school activities, poor parent commitment, program decline, disconnection

between Scout and Pack, cost, and trouble reaching out to today’s kids (Bryan). Positive trends for

Scouting pointed to success of a new program that included useful guidelines and lesson plans to assist

Den Leaders. These lessons instruct the Cub Scouts to work together on ranked achievements. “Group

participation is fun for kids, and boys who advance with peers are more likely to stay with the

program” (Bartusek).

Trends for boys participating in sports activities are also negatively impacting membership.

According to a 2014 survey performed by Sports Marketing Surveys, about fifty-nine percent of boys

aged six to eleven participate in sports. The survey also revealed that these children spend, on average,

twenty hours per week playing sports. This leaves little time for additional extracurricular activities.

7

The 2014 Council Market Analysis report was provided by the Crossroads of America Council

as another resource to understand the market. According to this report, the population of boys age

seven to ten in the twenty-five counties that make up the Crossroads of America Council is 86,976.

This number represents the total available market for Cub Scouts. To better understand the Hispanic

and Latino population that make up a growing part of this total, additional research was done to

quantify this potential opportunity. The Hispanic/Latino market represents approximately 6.4%, or

414,963 residents, of the total Indiana population. Of this, approximately .006%, or 3,890 residents, of

Indiana’s total population are Hispanics/Latinos ages 5 to 9, the primary age group for prospective Cub

Scouts. The Hispanic/Latino market is the third largest ethnicity in Indiana, with Caucasian and African

American being the most prominent (“Population Projections”). The Hispanic/Latino population has

continued to grow in Indiana, from just 1.78% percent in 1990 to its current size of over 6%, and is

estimated to increase another 2% in the next five years (“Population Projections”).

Hispanic population by

county is shown on the map. Of

the 25 counties that are part of the

Crossroads of America Council,

Clinton County shows the highest

percentage, 13.2%, of Hispanics.

8

Competitor Analysis

There are numerous direct and indirect competitors to the BSA, which include the Boys and

Girls Club of America, 4-H, YMCA, Trail Life USA, and organized sports. All of these organizations

compete for children’s time, which could impact the organization’s enrollment in the future.

One of BSA’s strongest competitors is the Boys and Girls Clubs of America. There are 4,074

Boys and Girls Club facilities in the United States, with 1,400 of those facilities being connected to

schools. Collectively, they serve four million people with approximately fifty-five percent of those

members being male. Around forty-six percent of their members are between the ages of six and ten

years old, and twenty percent are between the ages of eleven and twelve years old.

4-H is one of the world’s largest youth development organizations with seven million youth

members, making it a strong competitor for BSA. 4-H assists with children’s development of personal

and social skills that leads to improvement in all aspects of their future. 4-H is very similar to the Boy

Scouts by creating leadership, responsibility, initiative, and many other values in America’s youth

today.

YMCA is another noteworthy competitor to BSA. This organization serves nine million youth

and thirteen million adults in the United States each year. The YMCA has more than 2,700 facilities in

the U.S. that offer programs focused on youth development, healthy living, social responsibility,

leadership, and sports. With the organization having a variety of activity based programs for adults and

children, the YMCA creates competition for the Boy Scouts of America (BSA).

Trail Life USA is a significant rival to BSA. It is a Bible-based group that is open to people of

all faiths. The organization began as a result of BSA’s Resolution 2014 which allows homosexual

members. Trail Life USA and BSA have very similar aspects, for example, they have troops, they go on

special trips, and even serve the community (The Right Scoop).

9

A large majority of children participate in a variety of sports from a young age because it is fun

and their friends are involved as well, making sports an important indirect competitor of BSA.

Participation in organized sports is one of the top reasons that Scouts leave their Packs. All types of

sports are a significant factor in the decline of membership and should be considered by BSA for the

sake of membership retention.

Research

Three separate research projects were performed consisting of three different parts – secondary

research, qualitative interviews, and a quantitative survey. The projects focused on the following:

loyalty among current Scouts, understanding the reasons for dropped registrations among former

Scouts, and public awareness among prospective Scouts in the Hispanic/Latino market. Each of the

three research projects are presented independently in the following sections.

Current Scouts

Research Methodology

Following the secondary research, qualitative research was performed in September 2014. In-

depth interviews were held with current Cub Scouts, parents of current Cub Scouts, and three Pack

Leaders. A copy of the discussion guides used in the interviews can be found in the Appendix. A

quantitative research study was done using email messages inviting current Cub Scout families to

participate in an online survey instrument. The survey instrument was developed and implemented

using SurveyMonkey and a copy can be found in the Appendix. The survey consists of 29 questions

and 65 data points with varying topics such as satisfaction levels, likelihood to recommend, and

preferences for activities.

10

Using an online sample size calculator, a target sample size was calculated using a population of

11,618 current Cub Scout families with boys ages 5 - 12. The population database was provided by the

Crossroads Council. A statistically significant sample was calculated to be 383 respondents. This

number provided a confidence level of 95% +/-5%. However, email addresses were available for only

10,025 of the total families in the list. Of those, 9,439 of the addresses were valid. These families were

invited to participate, and 657 useable responses were received, resulting in a 7% response rate among

those sampled.

Qualitative Analysis

In-depth interviews were held with ten Cub Scouts ranging from ages 7 - 11 years old and fifteen

parents of Cub Scouts (including two Cub Masters and three Pack Leaders). In addition, one former

Cub Scout who obtained his Eagle Scout rank, and a 7 year old boy who aspires to be a Cub Scout,

along with his parent, were interviewed. These interviews provided insight and were instrumental in the

quantitative survey development.

A majority of the parents interviewed said that it is vital that the parents of the Scouts be involved;

the more that the parents participate, the more likely the kids will continue in Scouting. Several parents

also stated that sports and other activities often come in conflict with Scouting, making it difficult for

the boys to choose in which one they would rather participate. For example, one family interviewed

discussed that during Cub Scouts twelve boys were involved in their Pack. Unfortunately, when it was

time to move up to Boy Scouts, the Pack dwindled to only five boys because of conflicting interests.

Most of the Cub Scouts interviewed stated that their favorite parts of Scouting are camping, the

Pine Wood Derby, and the Rain Gutter Regatta. This gave a sense that overall the boys value the

camping activities and competition programs most in their Scouting experience. As for the parents,

most stated that they value Scouting because it builds the boys’ characters, and instills valuable life

11

lessons and leadership. The parents also said that Scouting is a good way for the boys to make friends

who share similar interests.

Another key insight, discovered in the interviews, is that a majority of Scouts were influenced to

join by a family member who was involved as a child, friends who were joining, or their own interest

in outdoor activities (i.e. camping, canoeing, building fires, hiking).

Across all of the interviews, the majority of people stated that their least favorite aspect of the

program was the meetings because they were “long and boring” or the leaders “talked too much.”

In one interview, an African-American parent spoke about the way he perceives Scouting. This

parent’s child wanted to join Cub Scouts after hearing about the program at school. The parent stated

that when he was growing up he viewed the boys who were in Scouts as weird or different, and they

generally did not fit in socially. Ultimately, he did not want his child to join Cub Scouts because he

heard of instances of misconduct that took place involving Pack Leaders and the children. The father

did not believe that his child was mature enough to handle this type of situation which made his child

vulnerable.

In a final interview, one parent commented on the reason for why others do not join. He stated

that there were not enough Hispanics/Latinos in Scouting. This parent believes that the program was

missing out on the opportunity to recruit Hispanic families due to inadequate resources for Spanish-

speakers within the organization.

12

Survey Results

Among the current Scouting families who responded to the survey, 86% of them are married,

10% are unmarried, 3% are in a domestic partnership, and 1% are widowed. Ninety-six percent of

respondents have some sort of college experience and nearly three quarters of the total hold a

bachelor’s degree or higher. The results revealed that 75% of Cub Scout parents are employed, 12% are

stay at home parents, and 13% are either self-employed or other. Over 40% indicated a household

income of greater than $100,000 per year. About two-thirds indicated an income of more than $75,000

per year. Only 7% of the respondents have an income less than $30,000. Additional demographics

collected in the survey can be found in the Appendix.

The survey is divided into the following four sections: Experience with Scouting, Membership,

Satisfaction with Scouting, and Suggestions for Improvement.

Experience with Scouting

Respondents were asked to provide their future plans regarding the BSA. Of the parents who

were surveyed, 93% believe that their child will remain in Cub Scouts until at least Boy Scouts, while

80% of parents believe that their kids will continue into Boy Scouts. Only 64% of parents think it is

probable their child will reach the rank of Eagle Scout.

13

Respondents indicated that currently, email (82%) and meetings (79%) are the most frequent

means of receiving updates about Scouting activities. Among those who answered “other,” many were

the Den or Pack Leader and indicated that updates originated from themselves. The next most frequent

“other” response is text messaging.

29%

31%

32%

62%

49%

30%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Remain in CubScouts until Boy

Scouts

Become a BoyScout

Pursue EagleScout

How likely is your child to:

SomewhatLikely

Likely

62%

80%

91%

n=634

12%

16%

17%

19%

30%

79%

82%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Other

Flyers

Social Media

Website

From your child

From AttendingMeetings

Email

How do you recieve updates about your child's scouting? (check all that apply)

n=632

14

The majority of the parents of current Scouts feel that they are actively engaged in their child’s

Cub Scout experience.

In addition to Cub Scouts, nearly all boys are involved in at least one additional activity and

many participate in two or more activities. Three-fourths of the respondents indicated that their child is

currently involved in a sports team or activity. Just over one-third of Cub Scouts are involved in a

church group, while one-fourth of the Scouts participate in music.

93%

7%

Do you feel actively engaged in your child's Scouting?

Yes

No

n=632

7%

75%

7%

25%

23%

9%

34%

10%

5%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

Other

Boys & Girls Clubs

Arts

4-H

YMCA

School Club

Music lessons/music

Church Group

Sports team or activity

Which of the following extracurricular activities is your child currently involved in? (check all that apply)

n= 562

15

When asked why parents want their child to remain in Scouting, more than three fourths of the

parents indicated friendships (79%), character development (78%), and life skills (76%). Recreational

opportunities were indicated by 70% of those who responded. Also, approximately half of the

respondents noted that leadership training and opportunities for family bonding were reasons for

wanting their child to continue in Cub Scouts.

79%

78%

76%

70%

52%

50%

6%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

Friendships

Character Development

Life skills

Recreational opportunities

Leadership Training

Opportunities for family bonding

Other

As a parent, what has made you want your child to stay involved in scouting? (check all that apply)

n=632

16

When asked about what to do with frequency of meetings, sixty-three percent of the

respondents prefer the meetings and activities to remain as they are with an August – May meeting

schedule. Fourteen percent of the respondents had no preference. Twelve percent preferred some type

of shortened schedule and 12% selected “other.” Among those who selected “other,” many indicated a

preference for bi-weekly meetings.

Forty-two percent of the respondents do not hold and have not ever held a leadership position in

Scouting. Among those who indicated that they have held or do hold leadership positions, Den Leaders

are the most frequent, followed by Committee Leaders or Committee Members. Only 11% indicated

Pack Leader and 12% indicated some other leadership position. The majority of the “other” responses

were positions such as assistant Den Leader, Treasurer, or Popcorn Kernel (person leading the popcorn

sales).

63%

5%

6%

14%

12%

Remain as it is with an August - May weeklymeeting schedule

Be shortened to a schedule of weekly meetingsfor approximately 6 months a year

Provide the option of weekly meetings in 3month blocks for participation in 1, 2, or 3 blocks

as desired

No preference

Other (please specify)

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

Thinking about frequency of meetings and activities, which of the following would you prefer for the Cub Scout program over

a one year period? I would prefer it:

n=600

17

Nearly three fourths of the respondents indicate that they were involved in Scouting as a child.

This shows that there is a strong legacy of Scouting in families currently participating in Cub Scouts.

12%

11%

32%

39%

42%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45%

Other

Pack Leader

Committee Leader/Member

Den Leader

None

Please check any of the following leadership positions you or your spouse has held in scouting (currently or in the past)

uio

n= 599

74%

26%

As a child were you or your spouse involved in any type of Scouting?

Yes

No

n=602

18

Membership

Over half of the boys in Cub Scouts did not know anyone in their Pack before they joined.

Forty-five percent of the respondents have been involved in Scouts for three or more years. The

remaining 55% have been in Scouting for two years or less.

The majority of boys entering Cub Scouts (70%) first learned about Scouts through some form

of school communication or event at school. The second most common way that boys heard about Cub

Scouts was that a parent had personal experience with Scouting as a child (25%). Together, family and

friends account for twenty-eight percent. Fewer respondents, 11% or less, heard through word of

43%

57%

Did you know anyone in your Pack before you joined?

Yes

No

n=633

27%

28%

36%

9%

How long has your child been in Cub Scouts/Boy Scouts?

Less than 1 year

1-2 years

3-4 years

5 or more years

n=634

19

mouth, neighborhood or community notification/flyer/sign, online sources or festival/community

event/fair.

Among the current Scout families who responded, interest in Scouting was most frequently

initiated through the child (68%) or the parent (48%). Note that respondents could select both of these

responses. Only 5% reported interest as a result of another family member and 3% reported some other

form of interest. The most common “other” response was that a friend initiated the interest.

4%

1%

2%

6%

7%

11%

14%

14%

25%

70%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

Other

Festival/Community Event/Fair

Online source (website, social media, etc.)

Church

Neighborhood or Community…

Word of Mouth

Family

Friend

Personal Experience with Scouting

School Communication or Event at School

How did you or your child hear about Cub Scouts? (check all that apply)

n=

68%

48%

5%

3%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

My child asked to join Cub Scouts

I wanted my child to join Cub Scouts

Another family member wanted my child to joinCub Scouts

Other (please specify)

Which best describes your child's initial interest in Cub Scouts? (check all that apply)

n=632

20

The majority of respondents (79%) answered “no” when asked if their child signed up with a

friend.

Parents indicate that they spend a considerable number of hours participating in Cub Scout

activities. Just over three-fourths of the respondents contribute four hours or more per month. Nearly

two-thirds spend seven hours or more each month.

19%

79%

2%

Did your child sign up with a friend?

Yes

No

Don't know

2%

22%

45%

17%

14%

As a parent, approximately how many hours per month do you you spend participating in Cub Scout activities?

Less than one hour

1-3 hours

4-6 hours

7-10 hours

Greater than 10hours

n=630

n=627

21

Satisfaction with Scouting

On a scale of 1-5, from “Least Favorite” to “Most Favorite,” respondents rated their child’s

Scouting activities. Mean values were calculated for each activity; with the higher mean value

corresponding to the activity that is the “Most Favorite.” BB Guns and/or Archery is indicated as the

most favorite activity, with a mean of 4.7. Other outdoor activities and camping trips are also highly

rated, each with a mean of 4.5. Activities receiving the lowest ratings were popcorn sales (2.8), wearing

the uniform (3.6), Pack meetings (3.7), and learning about life skills (3.7).

Also of note is that robotics/computers, boat racing, and the Circuit of Fun each had a large

number (approximately 200 total responses) of “Not Applicable” or skipped responses, indicating that

many respondents have no knowledge of or did not participate in these activities.

4.7

4.5

4.5

4.4

4.4

4.3

4.2

4.1

4.0

4.0

4.0

3.9

3.9

3.7

3.7

3.6

2.8

2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

Using BB Guns and/or Archery

Other outdoor activities

One or two day camping trips

Pinewood Derby

Making Friends

Earning Awards

Fishing

Playing Sports (football, kickball, etc.)

Circuit of Fun

Robotics/Computers

Den Meetings

Boat Racing competitions

Attending sporting events

Learning about Life Skills

Pack Meetings

Wearing the Uniform

Popcorn sales/Fundraising

Mean

On a scale of 1-5, with 1 being the least favorite and 5 being the most favorite, rate how much your child enjoys/enjoyed participating in the

following activities while in Cub Scouts

n=605

22

Using a five-point scale ranging from “Strongly Agree” to “Strongly Disagree,” respondents

were asked to rate their agreement on thirteen factors related to their Cub Scout experience. The

following graph shows the Agree and Strongly Agree responses. Complete ratings showing all

responses for each factor are available in the Appendix.

Ten of the thirteen factors received very favorable ratings, with 80% or more of the respondents

providing an Agree or Strongly Agree response. Only three factors received lower ratings, with science

and technology opportunities provided being the lowest at 60% agreement. Another very positive

aspect is that there is a high amount of respondents who said that they would recommend participation

in Cub Scouts to other families. With 44% “Strongly Agree” and 42% “Agree,” this indicates a high

level of loyalty among current Scouting families.

Not only should the “Agree” ratings be viewed, but the “Disagree” ratings for five of the listed

factors should be viewed as well. Fewer than 3% responded “Strongly Disagree” or “Disagree” for

recommending participation in Scouting to others. Fourteen percent of the respondents strongly

disagreed or disagreed with the statement, “Science and technology learning opportunities are provided

to my child.” Strongly Disagree or “Disagree” was also indicated by 8% of respondents for “I am

satisfied with our Pack Leader,” and “I enjoy attending the weekly meetings.” Also, seven percent of

respondents answered “Strongly Disagree” or “Disagree” for the statement “I am satisfied with my

child’s Den Leader,” and “My Den or Pack Leader encourages community service.”

23

42%

49%

45%

51%

48%

48%

39%

44%

48%

53%

42%

56%

55%

18%

22%

28%

30%

33%

33%

43%

38%

37%

34%

44%

33%

36%

20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Science and technology learning opportunities are/were providedto my child

I enjoy(ed) attending the weekly meetings

My Den or Pack Leader encourages/encouraged communityservice

My child learned a lot in Cub Scouts

Award ceremonies are a valuable part of the Scouting experience

The amount of money spent on Scouting is worth it

I am/was satisfied with my child's Den Leader

I am/was satisfied with our Cub Scout Pack Leader

Community service is a valuable part of the Scouting experience

My child enjoys/enjoyed attending the weekly meetings

I would recommend participation in Cub Scouts to other parents

The activities offered appeal(ed) to my child's interests

Scouting encourages a healthy and active lifestyle

Thinking about your current or former Cub Scout experience, please indicate your agreement with the following statements.

Agree

StronglyAgree

85%

82%

81%

n=617

86%

91%

73%

60%

71%

89%

81%

81%

82%

87%

24

The respondents were asked to rate their level of satisfaction with nine factors related to their

Cub Scout experience, along with overall satisfaction. Eighty-six percent of parents indicate they are

satisfied or very satisfied with their Cub Scout experience. Eight of the nine factors received

satisfaction ratings above seventy percent. The highest satisfaction levels received were for safety of

the Scouting environment (95%), values taught in Cub Scouts (90%), and time commitment required

for my child (86%). The only factor that fell below 70% was emphasis on religion, with 51% of the

parents indicating they are satisfied or very satisfied. The majority of the remaining parents (40%) are

neither satisfied nor dissatisfied with the emphasis on religion. However, eight percent are dissatisfied

and two percent are very dissatisfied. Another factor that stood out was the organization of Pack

meetings. Even though 71% of the parents indicate they are satisfied or very satisfied, 11% are

dissatisfied and 4% indicate they are very dissatisfied.

25

(Note: Some numbers do not total due to rounding)

36%

48%

54%

54%

52%

50%

61%

53%

44%

45%

15%

22%

23%

24%

29%

31%

25%

33%

45%

49%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Emphasis on Religion

Organization of Pack Meetings

The time commitment required for meas a parent

Frequency of wearing the Cub ScoutUniform

Quality of activities during Den or PackMeetings

Variety of activities during Den or PackMeetings

The time commitment required for mychild

Overall Satisfaction with Cub Scoutexperience

Values taught in Cub Scouts

Safety of the Scouting environment

Please rate your satisfaction level with the following items related to your child's Cub Scout experience.

Satisfied

VerySatisfied

n=624

95%

90%

86%

86%

81%

78%

77%

71%

80%

51%

26

Key Driver Analysis

Overall Satisfaction is known to be a reliable measure of loyalty (Morgan). By performing

additional statistical testing, mean satisfaction ratings for each variable measured can be analyzed and

its relationship to satisfaction overall can be derived. This provides a driver analysis that compares the

strength of the relationship for each variable rated to the overall satisfaction rating. This statistical

technique is known as a correlation analysis. Correlation coefficients are shown in the table below.

These numbers represent the strength of the relationship between each individual variable and overall

satisfaction. A perfect positive correlation would be 1.0 and no correlation would be 0. Correlations

above 6.0 are generally identified as strongly correlated.

Variable Correlation to

Overall Satisfaction

Variety of activities during Den or Pack Meetings 0.66

Organization of Pack Meetings 0.66

Values taught in Cub Scouts 0.65

Quality of activities during Den or Pack Meetings 0.65

The time commitment required for me as a parent 0.60

The time commitment required for my child 0.58

Safety of the Scouting environment 0.48

Emphasis on Religion 0.39

Frequency of wearing the Cub Scout Uniform 0.53

27

Plotting these correlations on a graph along with mean rated values for each variable provides a

driver analysis, as shown on the following graphic.

Derived Importance

Pe

rfo

rma

nce

0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

4.6

4.4

4.2

4.0

3.8

3.6

3.4

3.2

3.0

Time commitment

for child Time

commitment

for parent Organization of

Pack Meetings

Quality of activities during

Den or Pack meetings Variety of activities during

Den or Pack meetings

Emphasis on

Religion

Safety of Scouting

environment Values taught

Frequency of wearing Uniform

Weak Driver of Satisfaction

Performing Well

Strong Driver of Satisfaction

Performing Well

Weak Driver of

Satisfaction Not Performing Well

Strong Driver of

Satisfaction Not Performing Well

28

Likelihood to recommend is another strong measure of loyalty (Matzler). Similar to the

satisfaction ratings shown previously, a correlation analysis was performed to understand the strength

of the relationship between the thirteen variables measured and likelihood to recommend Scouting to

other parents. Recommendation to others appears to be most strongly correlated, or driven by, the child

learning a lot, encouraging a healthy and active lifestyle, the activities offered, weekly meetings, and

the value for the money spent on Scouting. Only 22% of the respondents strongly agreed with the

statement “I enjoy attending the weekly meetings.” This indicates a strong improvement opportunity.

Variable Correlation To

Recommendation

My child learned a lot in Cub Scouts 0.69

Scouting encourages a healthy and active lifestyle 0.64

The activities offered appeal to my child's interests 0.63

I enjoy attending the weekly meetings 0.63

The amount of money spent on Scouting is worth it 0.62

I am satisfied with our Cub Scout Pack Leader 0.59

My child enjoys attending the weekly meetings 0.56

Community service is a valuable part of the Scouting experience 0.56

My Den or Pack Leader encourages community service 0.56

I am satisfied with my child's Den Leader 0.54

Science and technology learning opportunities are provided to my child 0.53

Award ceremonies are a valuable part of the Scouting experience 0.52

29

A two-sample t-test examines whether two samples are different and is commonly used when

the variances of two normal distributions are unknown. This type of t-test was used to determine if the

overall satisfaction and the likelihood to recommend BSA between current and former Scouts is

significantly different.

Overall Satisfaction

Current Scouts 4.15

Former Scouts 3.08

p(T<=t) one-tail = 4.75554E-24

The mean overall satisfaction for current Scouts is 4.15 on a five point scale, and the mean

rating for the former Scouts is 3.08. Evaluation of this difference using the t-test shows that there is a

significant difference between the two.

Likelihood to Recommend

Current Scouts 4.28

Former Scouts 3.18

p(T<=t) one-tail =2.32757E-22

The mean rating for likelihood to recommend Scouting among current Scouts is 4.28 on a five

point scale, while the mean rating for former Scouts is 3.18. Evaluation of this difference using the t-

test shows that there is a significant difference between the two.

30

Suggestions for Improvement

The final question of the survey allowed respondents to provide comments or suggestions for

the Crossroads of America Council on ways to improve Scouting. One-hundred and twenty responses

from current active participants in Cub Scouts were analyzed and codes were created for reccuring

themes. The table below displays the most common topics from the respondents, with some responses

receiving multiple codes.

The majority of comments were an expression of dislike about something. The top issue

provided in this section was the dislike of popcorn sales; however, this could be influenced by the fact

that the survey was fielded during the beginning of the BSA popcorn sale period. Twenty-six of the

responses expressed the dislike of leadership by a Den and/or Pack Leader. Thirty-seven responses

were related to the dislike of the meeting structure, advancement of the Cub Scouts, or the cost of the

program. Other responses surrounded the dissatisfaction with communication, use of volunteer time,

the 2014 resolution, or the religious aspect of the program and or Pack (mostly pertaining to the stress

of being part of another religion). Eleven of the responses were ambiguous, either liking or disliking a

Topic # of Occurrences

Dislike popcorn sales 18

Dislike Den Leader(ship) 15

Dislike Meeting Structure 15

Dislike Pack Leader(ship) 11

Dislike Cub Scout

Advancement 11

Dislike Cost 11

Dislike Communication 9

Dislike 2014 Resolution 7

Dislike Religious Aspect 5

Dislike use of volunteer

time 5

Ambiguous 11

Other 49

Total 167

31

particular topic, and in some cases the comment could not be interpreted distinctly. The remaining

comments, in the “other” category, generally expressed positive sentiments, although there were fewer

than five of any single type of response. Some examples of the most frequent types of responses

follow.

“Religion should remain a personal part of the Scouting program, allowing more people from

different backgrounds to participate…We need youth of all beliefs who have the solid ethical

grounding that Scouting provides.”

“We are new to scouting and I just feel a little lost. We are transferring to a different pack so

maybe it will be better in another. Wish there was a schedule for popcorn sales at stores instead of us

doing it ourselves.”

“… Boys don’t want to sit around and look at nutritional charts and hear about things they

learned in school that day. Cub Scouts requirements are antiquated and the responsibility placed upon

voluntary leaders is ridiculous. I can agree to coach any sport team and my commitment is maybe 3

months. If I agree to a den leader, it’s a year round commitment.”

32

Former Scouts

Research Methodology

Following the secondary research provided in the market analysis section, qualitative research

was performed in September 2014. Eighteen in-person depth interviews were held. A copy of the

discussion guides used in the interviews can be found in the Appendix. A quantitative research study

was done using email invitations inviting former Scouting families to participate in an online survey

instrument. The survey instrument was developed and implemented using SurveyMonkey and a copy

can be found in the Appendix. It consists of 29 questions and 59 data points with varying topics ranging

from reasons for leaving to preferences for activities.

Using an online sample size calculator, a target sample size was calculated using a population of

5,416 boys ages sixteen years or younger. The population database was provided by the Crossroads

Council. A statistically significant sample was calculated to be 359 respondents. This number provided

a confidence level of 95% +/-5%. Unfortunately, email addresses were available for only 291 families.

Of the 291 families invited to participate, 58 responses were received, resulting in a 20% response rate

among those sampled. In an effort to provide enough responses for analysis, 17 additional respondents

were added, bringing the total to 75 responses. The additional responses were from families who

indicated that their son is a member but is no longer actively participating in Scouting. Although not a

statistically significant sample, results are provided based on the data obtained from the 75 respondents.

Qualitative Analysis

The goal of the qualitative research was to gain insight on issues related to the BSA’s

enrollment decline and to assist in the quantitative survey instrument development. Interviews were

conducted with former Scouts and former Scout parents. A total of eleven former Scouts and seven

former Scout parents were interviewed. One of the eleven Scouts is an Eagle Scout, and one of the

33

Scout parents was a Den Leader. After completing the interviews, knowledge was gained on various

aspects of why Scouts leave BSA.

The former Scouts interviewed were in their early twenties, except for one child who was

eleven. One of the aspects that piqued the former Scout’s interest in joining BSA in the first place was

participation in an extracurricular activity. Common responses regarding the reason for joining were:

“it was my idea,” “my parents influenced me,” and “my friends were joining.” Around half of the

former Scouts were members for more than five years. Another aspect of Scouting that multiple

interviewees mentioned positively was the competiveness of the activities, as well as the bonds they

developed with other Scouts. The majority of the former Scouts spoke about the satisfaction and quality

of the friendships that they gained from their time in Scouting. Additionally, the interviewees expressed

the idea of the “Scouting experience” which involved exploring the outdoors and enjoying nature.

Through the interviews, valuable insight was gained on what activities they enjoyed and which

activities they disliked. Camping was the top response for their favorite activity. One Scout said, “I

enjoyed camping the most. It was the greatest feeling growing up as a kid getting to freely explore the

outdoors and understand nature.”

When asked about the reason for leaving, several mentioned that as they got older the

commitment became more difficult, which made it overall less enjoyable. Scouting became more like

“school work” because the Scouts had to attend meetings and write papers.

Parents of former Scouts had issues with the time commitment and the workload at troop

meetings. Many said that the troop meetings were “boring” and “pointless.” In one interview, a parent

(Den Leader at the time) spoke about the lack of parent participation. This led to a large workload on

this Den Leader, which ultimately led to her child dropping out of the Scouting program. Another

parent stated that he had to take over for another parent who dropped out because of schedule issues. A

final response from a parent was that certain views and political stances the BSA takes will eventually

34

lead to the withdrawal of more members. The interviews revealed that the contentment of parents in

Scouting may be equally as important as the happiness of the child participant.

The qualitative research results had a significant impact on the survey design. After a review of

the eighteen interviews, the overlap of responses was helpful in the development of the specific

questions that needed to be addressed within the survey.

Survey Results

Using emails from the Crossroads of America Council, 291 families were invited to take the

survey beginning on October 2, 2014. After a week, a reminder was sent to all families who had not yet

taken the survey. The survey was closed on October 15, 2014 with a total of fifty-eight responses of

former Cub Scout families. In order to increase the sample size, current Cub Scouts who were no

longer actively participating in Scouting were added. This increased the amount of former Scout

responses to seventy-five. Among those who responded, 69% were female. The majority identified

themselves as white (91%), married (88%), and earning more than $50,000 per year (82%). Most

respondents are employed or self-employed (82%), and 15% are a stay at home parent. Respondents

tended to be well educated, with 57% holding a bachelor’s degree or higher, and another 33% having

some college education.

The following sections are the survey results. Additional detailed demographics and

supplementary graphs can be found in the Appendix.

Experience with Scouting

Among the respondents for this question, 37% had been involved in Cub Scouts for more than

three years before quitting. Another 33% participated for at least one year before deciding to leave.

Thirty percent left Cub Scouts after less than a year.

35

When asked the main reasons why their child did not continue in Cub Scouts, “My child asked

to quit,” “Activities no longer interested my child,” and “Time commitment for my child” were the

most frequent responses. The cost of the program was the least identified reason for individuals

dropping out of Cub Scouts. Among those who responded “other,” BSA’s 2014 resolution and the lack

of enough kids in their child’s age group were cited most frequently.

12%

18%

33%

37%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%

Less Than Six Months

Six to Twelve Months

One to Three Years

More than Three Years

Percent of Former Cub Scout Families

How long did your child participate in Scouting?

n=57

16%

7%

9%

11%

18%

25%

26%

26%

32%

33%

35%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40%

Other

Cost of program

No longer had friends in the group

I did not feel welcome at meetings

Time commitment for parent(s)

My child was not engaged

Leadership of Den meetings

Leadership of Pack meetings

Time commitment for my child

Activities no longer interested my child

My child asked to quit

What would you say are the main reasons your child did not continue in Cub Scouts? (check all that apply)

n=57

36

Respondents were asked to check the activities in which their child is currently involved.

Upwards of eighty percent checked that their child is involved in a sports team or activity. Over half

(72%) checked that their child is involved in a Church Group, School Club, or Music Lessons. A small

percentage checked that their child is involved in Boys and Girls Clubs, 4-H, YMCA, Arts, Trail Life

USA, and other activities.

The respondents were asked their preferences for frequency of meetings and activities. The

most frequent response (36%) indicated a preference for the meetings to remain as it is with an August

to May weekly meeting. Twenty-six percent had no preference. Seventeen percent chose the option of

weekly meetings in three month blocks for participation in 1, 2, or 3 blocks as desired. Eleven percent

of respondents who chose “other” indicated that they preferred one to two meetings per month, year

round. Ten percent said it should be shortened to a schedule of weekly meetings for approximately six

months a year.

8%

1%

3%

4%

7%

8%

23%

24%

25%

80%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Other

Trail Life USA

Arts

YMCA

4-H

Boys & Girls Clubs

Music lessons/music

School Club

Church Group

Sports team or activity

Which of the following extracurricular activities is your child currently involved in? (check all that apply)

n=71

37

Respondents were asked to identify all of the leadership positions that they have held in

Scouting at any point in time. Fifty-five percent had not held a leadership position. The remaining 45%

held one or more positions, with Committee Leader or Committee Member being the most common

position held.

10%

11%

17%

26%

36%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%

Be shortened to a schedule of weekly meetings forapproximately 6 months a year

Other

Provide the option of weekly meetings in 3 monthblocks for participation in 1, 2, or 3 blocks as

desired

No preference

Remain as it is with an August - May weeklymeeting schedule

Thinking about frequency of meetings and activities, which of the following would you prefer for the Cub Scout program over a one

year period?

n=66

7%

27%

39%

55%

0% 20% 40% 60%

Pack Leader

Den Leader

Committee Leader/Member (ex.awards,fundraising, etc.)

None

n=67

Please check any of the following leadership positions you or your spouse has held in Scouting (currently or in the past).

38

Respondents were asked to provide past parent participation in Scouting. Out of sixty-seven

former Cub Scout families, 79% had at least one parent involved in Scouting as a child.

Membership

Respondents were asked to check how their child first heard of Cub Scouts. Seventy-five

percent indicated that their child heard about Scouting through school communication or an event at

school. Over half (52%) checked that they heard about Scouting through personal experience with

Scouting, family, or friends. A smaller percentage (18%) checked that they heard through word of

mouth, church, neighborhood or community flyer.

79%

21%

As a child were you or your spouse involved in any type of Scouting (Cub Scouts/Boy Scouts/Girl

Scouts, etc.)?

Yes

No

n=67

39

Respondents were asked to describe their child’s initial interest in Cub Scouts. The majority

(68%) stated that their child asked to join Cub Scouts. Just under half (47%) stated that they wanted

their child to join Cub Scouts. A small amount stated that another family wanted them to join the Cub

Scouts.

0%

0%

3%

6%

9%

14%

17%

21%

75%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

Festival/Community Event/Fair

Online source (website, social media, etc.)

Neighborhood or Community notification/flyer/sign

Church

Word of Mouth

Friend

Family

Personal Experience with Scouting

School Communication or Event at School

How did you or your child first hear about Cub Scouts? (check all that apply)

n=71

6%

6%

47%

68%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

Other

Another family member wanted my child tojoin Cub Scouts

I wanted my child to join Cub Scouts

My child asked to join Cub Scouts

What best describes your child's initial interest in Cub Scouts? (check all that apply)

n=72

40

The majority of the respondents (72%) said their child did not sign up with a friend.

Over two-thirds of the respondents (68%) said they spent four or more hours per month on Cub

Scout activities.

25%

72%

3%

Did your child sign up with a friend?

Yes

No

Don't Know

n=73

4%

28%

43%

22%

3%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%

Less than one hour

1-3 hours

4-6 hours

7-10 hours

Greater than 10 hours

n=72

As a parent, approximately how many hours per month do you/did you spend participating in Cub Scout activities?

41

Satisfaction with Scouting

Respondents were asked to rate their least favorite to most favorite activities using a 5-point

scale. The responses indicate that children enjoy the outdoor and hands-on activities over the activities

that involve the “school work” of Scouting (Den Meetings, Pack Meetings, wearing the uniform).

Popcorn sales are the least favorite activity in which to participate, whereas shooting BB Guns and the

Pinewood Derby are the most favorite activities. It should be noted that greater than half of the

respondents did not provide a rating for robotics/computers or boat racing. They may be unaware of

those Cub Scout activities or their Pack did not make it available.

2.3

2.7

3.0

3.1

3.3

3.7

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

4.0

4.0

4.1

4.1

4.2

4.4

4.7

2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

Popcorn sales/Fundraising

Pack Meetings

Wearing the Uniform

Den Meetings

Learning about Life Skills

Circuit of Fun

Attending sporting events

Robotics/Computers

Earning Awards

Boat Racing Competitions

Playing Sports (football, kickball, etc.)

Making Friends

Fishing

One or two day camping trips

Other outdoor activities

Pinewood Derby

Using BB Guns and/or Archery

Mean

On a scale of 1 to 5, with 1 being the least favorite and 5 being the most favorite, rate how much your child enjoys/enjoyed participating in the following activities while in Cub Scouts.

n=67

42

Respondents were asked to rate their satisfaction level with items related to their child’s Cub

Scouts experience. A large majority stated that they were satisfied or very satisfied with the safety of

the Scouting environment, and the values taught in Cub Scouts. Less than half stated that they were

satisfied with the frequency of wearing the Cub Scout uniform, the time commitment required for their

child, the time commitment required for the parent, and varieties of activities during Den or Pack

meetings. A smaller amount stated that they were satisfied with the overall Cub Scout experience,

organization of Pack Meetings, quality of activities during Den or Pack Meetings, and the emphasis on

religion.

Respondents were asked to rate their Cub Scout experience by rating thirteen statements on a

scale from “Strongly Disagree” to “Strongly Agree.” Upwards of 65% indicated a strong agreement

with Scouting encouraging a healthy and active lifestyle along with community service and award

ceremonies being valuable aspects of their children’s Scouting experience. More than half agreed that

they were satisfied with their Den Leader or Cub Scout Pack Leader, that they encouraged community

24%

29%

32%

33%

35%

43%

47%

51%

55%

53%

14%

13%

11%

10%

15%

11%

8%

8%

27%

35%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Emphasis on Religion

Quality of activities during Den or Pack Meetings

Organization of Pack Meetings

Overall Satisfaction with Cub Scout experience

Variety of activities during Den or Pack Meetings

The time commitment required for me as a parent

The time commitment required for my child

Frequency of wearing the Cub Scout Uniform

Values taught in Cub Scouts

Safety of the Scouting environment

Please rate your satisfaction level with the following items related to your child's Cub Scout experience.

Satisfied

VerySatisfied

88%

82%

59%

55%

54%

50%

43%

43%

42%

38%

43

service, and that the amount of money they spent on Scouting was worth it. Less than half agreed with

the activities appealing to their child, along with learning a lot and enjoyed attending the weekly

meetings. One-third or more of the respondents disagree or strongly disagree with the following

statements; I was satisfied with our Cub Scout Pack Leader, My child learned a lot in Cub Scouts, I

enjoyed attending weekly meetings, My child enjoyed attending weekly meetings, Science and

technology learning opportunities were provided to my child, and I was satisfied with my child’s Den

Leader.

28%

25%

28%

34%

34%

37%

35%

41%

38%

40%

50%

51%

60%

4%

7%

13%

7%

7%

6%

15%

12%

16%

15%

16%

25%

19%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

I enjoy(ed) attending the weekly meetings

Science and Technology learning opportunitiesare/were provided to my child

I would recommend participation in Cub Scouts toother parents

My child enjoys/enjoyed attending the weeklymeetings

My child learned a lot in Cub Scouts

The activities offered appeal(ed) to my child'sinterests

The amount of money spent on Scouting is worth it

I am/was satisfied with our Cub Scout Pack Leader

I am/was satisfied with my child's Den Leader

My Den or Pack Leader encourages/encouragedcommunity service

Award ceremonies are a valuable part of theScouting experience

Community service is a valuable part of theScouting experience

Scouting encourages a healthy and active lifestyle

Thinking about your current or former Cub Scout experience, please indicate your agreement with the following statement.

Agree

StronglyAgree

79%

76%

66%

55%

54%

53%

50%

43%

41%

41%

41%

32%

32%

n=69

44

Suggestions for Improvement

The final question of the survey allowed respondents to provide comments or suggestions for

the BSA on ways to improve Scouting. Twenty-five responses from former Cub Scout families were

analyzed. The table below displays the type and number of comments received. Some respondents

provided feedback on multiple topics.

Topic

Number of

Responses

Organization in meetings was poor 6

Enjoyed the religion aspect 4

Commitment issues 4

Communication issues 4

Leader problems 4

Pack activities need improvement 4

Selling popcorn is expensive 4

Pro-homosexual ban 1

Cost of uniforms is too high 1

Den leaders need training 1

The meetings felt like schoolwork 1

Location was an issue 1

Did not like the religion aspect 1

Too many rules 1

The most frequent comments have to do with the disorganization of meetings. For example,

“Due to schedule conflicts, I had asked for a schedule of meetings (other parents asked too).

Our Den Leader never provided.”

Leadership problems are another frequent comment that was received. For example,

“The den leader had the boys coloring most of the time… The whole pack was disorganized.

They didn’t join in most regional scouting events.”

Another comment shows that the problem with leadership was a direct cause of their child leaving the

program,

“We loved Scouting, just not our Den Leader. We had no other choices. So we choose to leave

the program for now.”

45

There are several comments on religious values. For example,

“Bring Christian Values back to Scouting (!!!)”

“I was disappointed in the lack of focus on religion during camps. The prayer was (a) like a

checklist item as opposed to being a moment of quiet and focus…”

Regarding the time commitment that went along with Scouting:

“…The current schedule of August- May is entirely too long and there are too many

commitments for the cub scouts to get through to progress. Many of the kids are also playing

sports and trying to figure out what they like. This led to quick burnout for both my sons who then

wanted to quit.”

46

Hispanic/Latino Awareness

Research Methodology

Hispanics and Latinos are a primary market target of many companies and organizations in

Indiana. The Boy Scouts of America, Crossroads of America Council is following this trend as a

potential opportunity to gain Hispanic members. To assist the Council, Marian University’s Clark H.

Byrum School of Business conducted research, which included interviews and surveys, to determine

the awareness of Scouting in the Hispanic community.

A secondary research review of websites, articles, and media posts was completed in order to

gain background information on the habits and culture of Hispanics, the hobbies of Scout-aged

children, and the type of Boy Scout advertisement they had seen.

This background research was then used to create an interview guide. Then, the guide was used

by the interview team at the Hispanic Day at the Indianapolis Zoo. The information gathered from the

interviews was then included to form a survey that was distributed to Hispanic Cub Scout meetings. A

copy of the interview guide and survey is included in the Appendix.

Qualitative Analysis

At the Hispanic Heritage festival at the Indianapolis Zoo on September 21, 2014, approximately

100 families were met and of those 25 interviews were conducted. The interview asked four questions:

How familiar Hispanics/Latinos were with the Boy Scouts/ Girl Scouts; if they had children and what

their kids liked to do; if they had seen or heard of any Boy Scout advertising; and how they found out

about the event at the Zoo. Of those interviewed, Spanish is the primary language, with none of the

interviewees speaking English. The majority of those interviewed, 19 families, are familiar with either

the Boy Scouts or Girl Scouts and have seen advertising for Scouting. Interestingly, several reported

that they knew of Boy Scouts through Girl Scouts, since their girls were active members.

47

There was a significant trend seen with the idea that Hispanics and Latinos often reinforce

strong gender roles and family structure. Girl Scouts are actively involved in the community, make arts

and crafts, make snacks, dance, are encouraged to make friends and have body confidence-all

associated with the traditional girl of the 5 to 13 age group. Activities their children enjoyed were

spread evenly between playing outside with their friends, watching television, and playing sports,

especially soccer and karate, while over half indicated that the male children played sports.

The most common form of advertisements seen for the zoo event included radio, television,

church, brochures, and word of mouth. Fifty-two percent of respondents also relayed that they hear

most of their Boy Scout advertisements through the radio. This may be key for the Boy Scouts

organization. Either these families listen to the radio often, or the Boy Scout organization advertises

strongly over the radio. Thirty percent of the respondents had heard of the Scout program through

school or TV, and only 5% had seen advertisements in Church, which the Boy Scouts mentioned was

one of their main grassroots advertising points. The rest had seen advertisements through the Girl

Scouts or in printed brochures.

Survey Results

Surveys were distributed through the Scout office and over a three week period received 21

responses. Statistically this low number of responses makes validating the results difficult. Validity

testing was performed and the results did confirm that the sample size was too small to create

statistically meaningful results. However, while this number was much smaller than anticipated, the

results provided confirmation of what was learned in the research and interviews.

All returned surveys were the Spanish (as opposed to the English) version. This correlates with

the interview findings that the community greatly, if not 100%, prefers Spanish as the communication

language.

48

The physical survey conveyed that most Hispanics (75%) were either moderately or slightly

familiar with the Boy Scouts. These results matched the interview data.

Radio/Posters 25%

Church/School 58%

Friends/Family 17%

Social Media 0%

How did you first find out about the Scouts?

49

2.73

2.82

2.83

3.27

3.42

3.55

3.64

3.67

4.09

4.09

4.27

4.36

4.36

1 2 3 4 5

Teaching civic service

Improving academic skills…

Reinforcing religious beliefs

Teaching life skills

Teaching leadership

Reinforcing service to others

Working with adults and community leaders

Teaching outdoor skills (hiking, camping,…

Reinforcing good values/behaviors

Keeping kids physically strong

Making friends

Teaching social skills (friendships, etc.)

Meeting new people

Thinking about what Scouts and Scouting represents, please rate the following items:

1 - Not Represented 2 - Weakly represents 3 - Neutral 4 - Somewhat represents 5 - Strongly Represents

63%

37%

Do you have any friends or family in Scouts?

No

Yes

The survey further explored how the Hispanic/Latino community views Scouting. Respondents

rated social activities, physical activities, and values as more representative of Scouting. Religion,

academics, and civic service were rated as least representative.

When asked if they had friends

or family in Scouts, 63% of the

respondents indicated that they do not

have any friends or family in Scouts.

n=19

50

When asked which activities Hispanic/Latino children are involved with, television, sports, and

movies were the highest rated activity while fishing, reading, hiking and camping were rated the

lowest. The higher rated activities correlate with the interview data.

2%

5%

5%

5%

6%

8%

10%

11%

14%

16%

19%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20%

Fishing

Reading

Camping

Hiking

Academics

Music

Video Games

Playing Outdoors

Movies

Sports

Television

If you have children, what do they like to do? (Circle all that apply)

n=13

51

43%

50%

7%

Which best describes your current household income per year?

$10,001-$30,000

$30,001-$50,000

Prefer not toanswer

Eighty-six percent of respondents noted that the Boy Scouts are either moderately or somewhat

important to our youth, with 14% indicating not at all or highly important.

The last survey question

requested the income of those who

responded. The large majority (93%) of

those who chose to respond were in the

$10,000 to $50,000 household income

range. None of the respondents

indicated an income above $50,000.

93%

7%

How important do you feel the Boy Scouts of America is to our youth?

Important

Not Important

n=17

n=14

52

Conclusions and Recommendations

Conclusions

Among current families of Cub Scouts, satisfaction with Scouting overall and likelihood to

recommend Scouting to others are very high. The BSA also enjoys a positive reputation among current,

former, and even prospective Scouting families for its values-based curriculum and its safe

environment. The ability to develop long-lasting friendships is also viewed as a strength of

participating in Scouting.

Among those who left Scouting, as well as some current Scout parents, issues related to Den

and Pack meetings is a major cause of dissatisfaction and a leading factor in dropped registrations.

Organization of meetings, professionalism of Den Leaders, the perception that Den Meetings require

too much “school work,” the quality and variety of activities at meetings, and fundraising requirements

are all identified as areas for improvement. A large number of respondents indicate a lack of science

and technology learning opportunities.

Issues related to communication were also identified, especially among former Scout families.

Both communications from Den Leaders as well as overall information resources, such as the website,

were seen as important to parent satisfaction and engagement. Respondents report that currently over

80% of Scouting updates are received by email. Parents would prefer additional resources on the

website, especially when they are part of a Den or Pack where communication and/or leadership may

be weak.

Parent involvement is vital to retention, with the majority of current Scout parents spending

more than four hours per month involved in Scouts, and well over half holding some type of leadership

position within the Den or Pack. This time commitment is also a concern among parents, with former

Scout parents indicating dissatisfaction with the amount of time required for both them and their

children. Most frequently cited was a conflict with organized sports; when a choice needs to made, the

53

critical decision usually occurs at the transition to middle school, correlating with the transition to Boy

Scouts.

The Hispanic/Latino target market appears to be moderately familiar with the BSA, and

recognizes some of the BSA’s advertisements, but do not understand the current Boy Scout model

(listing civic service as the lowest trait). The grass roots advertising appears to be reaching the

community (they are most familiar through churches and schools) but “what” Boy Scouts are is

missing in the communication. The more traditionally favorite activities of camping, fishing and other

outdoor pursuits may be a concern. Research shows that this market shows much less interest in these

types of activities, instead placing higher value on group identity, and social and family bonding

activities. Incorporation of family-based and culturally relevant activities and events would provide a

stronger foundation for marketing messages to this target group. From a media standpoint, this group is

tech savvy and strong users of social media. With a significant portion of this demographic reporting

household incomes close to half that of the current Scouting membership, program costs and

mandatory fundraising are also of concern. Fundraising is specifically mentioned as a concern among

this group.

Similar to the Hispanic/Latino demographic, African American boys also tend to come from

families with incomes lower than those reported by current members. Single parent households are also

more prevalent in this demographic, 72% of African American households versus 28% of white

households in Indiana (Kids Count). While the African American target market favors the more

traditional Scout activities such as camping and fishing, they would benefit from a greater emphasis on

incorporation of culturally relevant activities, events, and a focus on participation in a less costly

format.

54

Recommendations

Based on the data collected and the analysis performed, the following recommendations have

been developed.

Improve Den and Pack Meetings: Organization, Communication, Volunteers, Activities, and

Fundraising

Improve organization of meetings by reinforcing the Den and Pack Leader required training

through a quarterly or monthly newsletter or other communication with tips and reminders for meeting

management. Provide information to Den and Pack Leaders on how to develop social media to improve

communication with members. Encourage a high rate of volunteerism within Dens and Packs through

an incentive program for volunteers, especially Den and Pack Leaders. Incentives could take the form

of discounts for children of the volunteer, such as “percent off” coupons for the Scout Shop, for a day

camp, summer camp, or Circuit of Fun event. An annual drawing for prizes for anyone who

volunteered that year would also encourage participation. Improve Den Meeting quality and variety of

activities through “Destination Den,” a once a quarter Den Meeting held at an offsite location such as

a bowling alley, pool, video arcade, or a free public park. Popcorn sales are also an issue for some

parents. Provide alternatives to popcorn sales, with decision making at the Den or Pack level.

Successful examples from across the country include flags, holiday wreaths, or flower bulbs.

Improve Digital Communication to Current Scout Parents

Update the Crossroads Council website with a Parent tab and a FAQ tab. The current “new to

Scouts” tab does not meet the needs of current and prospective parents with questions. Survey

responses suggested difficulty in finding answers to questions such as: What to expect at Den

Meetings, Pack Meetings? Who to call for questions about my Den/Pack? Who to call if I am not

receiving my magazine/communications/etc.? How can I change my Den? What are the costs? What if

I can’t participate for the entire year?

55

Retention of Current Cub Scout Families

Develop a formal mentoring system where Boy Scouts are paired with Cub Scouts individually

or on a Den/Pack basis. This will assist in improving the rate of conversion from Cub Scout to Boy

Scout. As part of this new system, create a mentoring badge for Boy Scouts to attain.

Offer flexible Scouting options. Some Dens may elect to meet less frequently, such as twice per

month. For members of Dens meeting with the regular weekly schedule, offer options for boys to

participate in their choice of three-month blocks. With these alternatives, boys can participate without

the pressure of the weekly and/or year round schedule.

To capitalize on the strong sports interest among boys of this age, offer sport alternatives that

will differentiate the BSA from its competitors. Highly attractive but less commonly offered sports

options should be pursued, such as BMX bicycling or Ultimate Frisbee competitions.

Minority Recruitment

Focus on African American and Hispanic populations. With both, leverage the core BSA

strengths of values, leadership and character in messaging. Increase marketing at culturally relevant

events, fairs, and churches. Include information on financial aid availability and managing the cost of

participation.

For the African American target market, information on single parent family participation

options would be relevant. For new Dens, “Bring a Buddy” night is recommended to generate interest

and increase membership.

For the Hispanic/Latino market, messaging should include a bigger focus on the social aspects

of Scouting, along with family-bonding activities offered. Outdoor activities should be de-emphasized.

To manage the concerns surrounding fundraising, a program allowing reduced fundraising obligations

56

in exchange for bringing a friend who later joins could be offered. Additional media to better reach the

target Hispanic/Latino market includes Spanish-language radio and social and mobile media

advertising.

Partnerships

Explore partnerships with local companies, organizations and universities who share BSA’s

core values. These partnerships can be used to provide facilities, scholarship/education, internship and

volunteer opportunities. Targeted partners can also help reach minority groups. University partnerships

could be especially valuable with university facilities for special Scouting activities. Scouts become

connected to the campus, faculty, and programs as part of the program. These connections can be

fostered throughout high school and the college decision process.

57

Appendix

58

Works Cited

"4-H." Youth Development Organization. National 4-H Council. Web. 3 Sept. 2014.

Armstrong, Karen. "GOD." Foreign Policy No. 175 (2009). Boy Scouts of America. Boy Scouts of

America. Web. 28 Sept. 2014. <http://www.scouting.org/filestore/pdf/512-879_wb.pdf>.

Aspen Institute. "Facts: Sports Activity and Children." Home. Aspen Institute. Web. 21 Sept. 2014.

Bartusek, Marie. "New Blue." New Blue. Scouting Magazine, May 2014. Web. 1 Sept. 2014.

"Boy Scout Fundraising Ideas and Cub Scout." Boy Scout Fundraising Ideas and Cub Scout. Boy Scout

Trail, 2012. Web. 20 Oct. 2014.

Bryan. "Retention: Six Reasons Scouts Drop out and How You Can Prevent It." Bryan on Scouting.

Scouting Magazine, June 2011. Web. 19 Sept. 2014.

"BSA." BSA. Boy Scouts of America | National Supply Group. Web. 28 Sept. 2014.

"BSA Discrimination." BSA Discrimination. 6 Jan. 2014. Web. 28 Sept. 2014.

"Children in Single-parent Families by Race." KIDS COUNT Data Center. Annie E. Casey Foundation,

2014. Web. 20 Nov. 2014.

Conover, Jerry, Carol Rogers, and Matt Kinghorn. "Indiana’s Latino Population: Demographic and

Economic Perspectives." Indiana Business Research Center. Kelly School of Business, Apr.

2007. Web. 12 Nov. 2014.

"Donors." Scouting. Boy Scouts of America, 2014. Web. 22 Sept. 2014.

"Facts & Figures." Boys & Girls Clubs of America. Boys & Girls Club of America. Web. 2 Sept. 2014.

Helm, Burt. "Ethnic Marketing: McDonald's Is Lovin' It." Bloomberg Business Week. Bloomberg, 8

July 2010. Web. 13 Nov. 2014.

"Indiana Hispanic or Latino Origin Population Percentage by County." Indiana Hispanic or

Latino Origin Population Percentage by County. U.S. Bureau of the Census, County

Population Estimates by Demographic Characteristics, 2010. Web. 14 Nov. 2014.

59

Marian University. Quantitative Analysis of Business Statistics Content Module. McGraw-Hill

Education, 2014. Print.

Martinez, Eliza. "What New Boy Scout Parents Need to Know." Everyday Life. Global Post. Web. 15

Oct. 2014.

Matzler, Kurt, Franz Bailom, Hans H. Hinterhuber, Birgit Renzl, and Johann Pichler. "The Asymmetric

Relationship between Attribute-level Performance and Overall Customer Satisfaction: A

Reconsideration of the Importance–performance Analysis." ScienceDirect. Elsevier B.V., 2003.

Web. 7 Nov. 2014.

McQuerrey, Lisa, "Hispanic Marketing Strategies." Small Business. Demand Media. Web. 12 Nov.

2014.

"Membership and Popcorn Sales." Popcorn Guy. 18 July 2014. Web. 20 Oct. 2014.

Morgan, Neil A., and Lopo L. Rego. "The Value of Different Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty

Metrics in Predicting Business Performance." Marketing Science. Informs, 1 Sept. 2006. Web.

16 Nov. 2014.

Morland, Liam. "Membership Retention in Scout Troops." Diss. U of Waterloo, 2007. Abstract. (2002).

Membership Retention in Scout Troops. World Organization of the Scout Movement, 5 Nov.

2002. Web. 2 Sept. 2014.

Pappas, Stephanie. "Busy Kids: Overscheduling Worries Overstated." LiveScience. TechMedia

Network, 10 Apr. 2011. Web. 17 Sept. 2014.

"Population by Race." CensusScope. Social Science Data Analysis Network (SSDAN), 2000. Web. 11

Nov. 2014.

"Population Projections." Projections Topic Page: STATS Indiana. Indiana Business Research Center,

2008. Web. 11 Nov. 2014.

60

Putney, Clifford. "Building Character In The Boy Scouts." Reviews in American History 30.2 (2002):

316-21. JSTOR. The John Hopkins University Press. 27 Aug. 2014. Print.

Remeseira, Claudio. "US Is 5th Largest Spanish-speaking Country: New Census Interactive map."

NBC Latino. NBC Universal, 7 Aug. 2013. Web. 21 Sept. 2014.

"Research Identifies Barriers to Reaching Multicultural Families." Research Identifies Barriers to

Reaching Multicultural Families. Boy Scouts of America. Web. 15 Oct. 2014.

Respaut, Robin, and Brian Grow. "Special Report: A $439 Million Camp Adds to Boy Scouts Money

Crunch." Reuters. Thomson Reuters, 15 July 2013. Web. 17 Sept. 2014.

Rowe, Seth. "Always Prepared, 14-year-old Scout Saves His Father's Life after Freak Accident."

StarTribune.com. Star Tribune, 17 Dec. 2014. Web. 1 Sept. 2014.

"Scouting." Scouting. Boy Scouts of America, 2014. Web. 20 Oct. 2014.

"Scout Pride: A Site for Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgendered Youth Members of the Boy Scouts

of America." Scout Pride. 21 May 2014. Web. 17 Sept. 2014.

Smith, Deron. "Army Major Creates Boy Scouts Troops for Children in Afghanistan - Scouting

Newsroom." Scouting Newsroom. Boy Scouts of America, 1 Aug. 2014. Web. 1 Sept. 2014.

"Some Churches Severing Ties to Boy Scouts over Allowing Gay Youths." The Dallas Morning News.

The Dallas Morning News, 2014. Web. 1 Sept. 2014.

"State and County QuickFacts: Indiana." Indiana QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau. U.S. Census

Bureau: State and County QuickFacts, 8 July 2014. Web. 11 Nov. 2014.

"The Cub Scout Promise The Law of the Pack and The Cub Scout Motto." Cub Scout Promise, Law, &

Motto. U.S. Scouting Service Project, 2 May 2013. Web. 6 Oct. 2014.

The Right Scoop. "BOOM! Boy Scouts Gets Some Competition from a New Unapologetic Bible-based

Boys Organization." The Right Scoop RSS, 3 Jan. 2014. Web. 2 Sept. 2014.

61

Turner, Phil. "Linthicum: New Eagle Scout Stayed with Scouts Because it's Fun." Capital Gazette.

Capital Gazette, 28 Aug. 2014. Web. 28 Aug. 2014.

“Values of Scouts.” Harris Interactive, 2005. Web. 1 Sept. 2014.

University of Southern Florida. “Culture.” His/Her Name is Today. College of Education. 22

Sep. 2002. Web. 17 Nov. 2014.

Westlund, Richard. "Finding the Gold in Hispanic Marketing." AdWeek. ADWEEK, 27 Apr. 2011. Web.

13 Nov. 2014.

"What Is STEM and Nova?" Boy Scouts of America. BSA, 2014. Web. 29 Sept. 2014.

"YMCA - the Y." The Y. The Y, 1 Jan. 2014. Web. 2 Sept. 2014.

Yu, Anni Z. "Boy Scouts’ Decision on Gays Tests Loyalty of Members." Washington Times. The

Washington Times, 9 June 2013. Web. 28 Sept. 2014.

62

Students who participated in the Project

Section A Year in School Major

Berghoff, Mark Sophomore Marketing/Theology

Bob, Kristen Sophomore Marketing

Casada, Alexus Junior Management

Cooper, Anthony Sophomore Sports Performance

Cope, Conner Sophomore Sports Performance and Management

Cripe, Riley Sophomore Management

Delph, Jaidlin Junior Marketing

Dyer, Robert Junior Accounting

Eckerle, William Sophomore Marketing

Evans, Dylan Sophomore Marketing

Frazier, Zoe Sophomore Marketing

Greenan, Taylor Sophomore Management

Hampton, Jamonte Sophomore Accounting

Henn, Dominic Sophomore Marketing

Isch, Garrett Sophomore Marketing

Komlanc, Nathan Sophomore Accounting

Leja, Joseph Sophomore Marketing/Finance

McAlister, Darrion Sophomore Management

Meinhart, Michael Junior Catholic Studies

Messmer, Madeline Sophomore Management

Nguyen, Andrea Junior Accounting

Roseman, Kylee Senior Marketing

Summa, Taylor Sophomore Management

63

Section B Year in School Major

Bowers, Blake Sophomore Accounting/Finance

Crowley, James Sophomore Marketing

Cunningham, T Sophomore Marketing

Darius Mitchell Sophomore Accounting

Duncan, Jalen Junior Communication

Fowler, Montanez Sophomore Management

French, Clayton Sophomore Management

Gruell, Cam Sophomore Marketing

Hartnett, Ryan Senior Sports Performance/Business Minor

Hirt, Bryan Sophomore Management

Johnson, Chase Sophomore Accounting/Finance

Jose, Alberta Sophomore Management

Kirby, Anastacia Sophomore Marketing

Miller, Erica Sophomore Accounting/Finance

Moore, Mychalie Sophomore Management

Neal, Brendon Sophomore Marketing

Neari, Anthony Sophomore Accounting/Marketing

Ormsby, Trent Junior Management

Rozycki, Matt Sophomore Marketing

Smith, Michael Sophomore Management

Taylor, Christian Sophomore Marketing

Thomas, Dhane Sophomore Graphic Design/Business Minor

Wall, Rose Sophomore Management

Zehr, Michael Junior Marketing

64

Section C Year in School Major

Abbett, James Sophomore Management

Bowman, Austin Sophomore Management

Cahalan, Cory Sophomore Sports Marketing

Carlton, Sara Senior Management

Denton, John Sophomore Marketing

Dulhanty, Jake Sophomore Marketing

Fette, Evan Sophomore Management

Geis, Ben Senior Pastoral Leadership

Hunker, Will Junior Marketing

Johnson, Dale Senior Management

Martin, Anthony Sophomore Management/Finance

Naylor-Cook, Jackson Sophomore Accounting/Finance

Northern, Hayden Junior Marketing

Resler, Ben Sophomore Marketing

Schubnell, Mary Sophomore Accounting/Finance

Smith, Colton Sophomore Management

Steadham, Sterling Sophomore Marketing

Stephens, Stefan Sophomore Accounting/Finance

Thompson, Amber Junior Management

Werner, Angela Sophomore Accounting/Finance

65

Research Instruments

Current Scouts Discussion Guide for Parents of Cub Scouts

Hello. My name is_________ and I am a student at Marian University working on a class project to

help the Cub Scouts. I’d like to ask you a few questions that will help us better understand what the

Boy Scouts of America can do to improve scouting programs.

1. How did you first hear of the Cub Scouts/Boy Scouts?

Probe: Did you hear, or was it your son?

2. Why did you have your child join the Cub Scouts?

Probe: What image did you have of the Cub Scouts before joining?

3. Were you ever a Boy/Girl Scout?

Probe: If so, what did you enjoy about it?

4. How long has your child been involved in Cub Scouts?

Probe: What age did they start?

5. What did you like most about the Cub Scouts? Least?

Probe: Can you give any advice on how to improve the program?

6. How involved are parents in the program?

Probe: About how many hours each month do you spend doing anything related to Cub Scouts?

Probe: What types of things do you do?

7. Do you see your kid(s) continuing to become a Boy Scout?

Probe: Is it solely his choice to continue or will you influence him to continue/not continue?

8. What extracurricular activities does your child participate in?

Probe: Sports, Clubs, Etc.

9. Do you know of any parents who considered joining but did not?

Probe: If so, do you know why?

10. Do you have any other recommendations for the Scouts on how to improve the Cub Scouts

program?

THANK AND END

Interview date:

Interviewer name:

Who was interviewed (name, current age of son, city):

66

Discussion Guide for Cub Scouts

Note: Obtain parent permission prior to interview. Allow parent to be present during interview.

Hello. My name is __________ and I am a student at Marian University working on a class project to

help the Cub Scouts.

1. Why did you want to join the Cub Scouts?

Probe: Did family influence your decision? Friends?

Probe: Do you remember how you first heard about Cub Scouts? (school, friend, parent, church?)

2. How long have you been a Cub Scout?

Probe: What age did you start?

3. What is your favorite part about Cub Scouts?

Probe: Why?

Probe: If not offered, ask if he likes the uniforms.

4. Are there any activities or other parts of Cub Scouts that you don’t like?

Probe: Why?

5. Do you have a lot of friends in the Cub Scouts/Packs?

6. Would you like to continue in Scouting to become a Boy Scout or even an Eagle Scout?

Probe: Why or why not?

7. Do you participate in any other activities?

Probe: If so, what are they?

8. Is there anything else you can think of that you want to tell me about Cub Scouts?

THANK AND END

Interview date:

Interviewer name:

Who was interviewed (name, city, and age if available):

67

Former Scouts Discussion Guide for Parents of Former Cub Scouts

Hello. My name is_________ and I am a student at Marian University working on a class project to

help the Cub Scouts. I’d like to ask you a few questions that will help us better understand what the

Boy Scouts of America can do to improve scouting programs.

1. Why did your child join the Cub Scouts?

Probe: was it mostly your decision or his decision to join?

Probe: What image did you have of the Cub Scouts before joining?

Probe: Did your image change after leaving?

2. How long did your child participate in the Cub Scouts?

Probe: What age did they start?

3. What would say is the main reason your child is no longer in Cub Scouts or Scouting programs?

4. What did you like about the Cub Scouts?

Probe: Was it their values or service philosophy?

Probe: Did your child make any friends?

5. What did you not like about the Cub Scouts?

Probe: What about the time commitment?

Cost of uniforms and supplies?

Any other issues?

6. What extracurricular activities does your child participate in?

Probe: Sports? School Clubs? 4H? Others?

Probe: Did this interfere with Cub Scouts?

7. About how much time were you required to spend as a parent with your child’s involvement in Cub

Scouts?

Probe: Did you find it to be too much time? Or a problem?

8. Do you have any recommendations for the Scouts on how to improve the Cub Scouts program?

THANK AND END

Interview date:

Interviewer name:

Who was interviewed (name, current age of son, city):

68

Discussion Guide for Former Cub Scouts

Note: Obtain parent permission prior to interview. Allow parent to be present during interview.

Hello. My name is __________ and I am a student at Marian University working on a project for the

Cub Scouts.

1. Why did you want to join the Cub Scouts?

Probe: Did family influence your decision? Friends?

Probe: Do you remember how you first heard about Cub Scouts? (school, parent, church?)

2. How long were you in the Cub Scouts?

Probe: What age did you start?

3. What activities did you like?

Probe: Which activities were your favorite?

Probe: What did you not like?

4. Did you make a lot of friends in the Cub Scouts/ Packs?

5. Why did you leave the Cub Scouts?

6. Do you wish you were still in the Cub Scouts?

Probe: What do you miss about it?

Probe: Why not?

7. Did you have friends that left the Cub Scouts?

Probe: Did you know why they left?

8. Is there anything else you can think of that you want to tell me about Scouting?

THANK AND END

Interview date:

Interviewer name:

Who was interviewed (name, city, and age is available):

69

Cub Scout Survey

70

71

72

Interview Questions for Zoo Event (Hispanic/Latino Awareness Project)

Introductions:

Hi, we are with Marian University and doing a research project for the Byrum School of Business.

Would you be interested in taking 30 seconds to answer a few questions regarding the Boy Scouts?

Questions:

1. Are you familiar with the Boy Scouts? Girl Scouts? Do you know anybody in the scouts?

Yes/No… What do you know?

2. Do you have any kids? Yes/No

If so, then what do they like to do?

3. Have you ever seen any advertising for the Boy Scouts?

Yes/No… Where/What kind?

4. How did you find out about today’s zoo event?

Thank you!

73

Boy Scouts of America Survey (Hispanic/Latino Awareness Survey)

We are a group of Marian University students in the Clark H Byrum School of Business conducting a research

study for the Boy Scouts of America. Your answers are anonymous. If you have any questions please contact

Prof. Joel Hall at jjhall@marian.edu or (317) 955-6322.

1. How familiar are you with the Boy Scouts? (if not at all skip to question 4)

Extremely Very Moderately Slightly Not at all

2. Thinking about what Scouts and Scouting represents, please rate the following items.

Not Represented

Weakly Represents.

Neither Agree nor Disagree

Somewhat Represents

Strongly Represents

Teaching outdoor skills (hiking, camping, canoeing, etc.)

Teaching leadership Teaching civic service Reinforcing good values/behaviors Reinforcing religious beliefs Keeping kids physically strong Making friends Teaching social skills (friendships, etc.) Teaching life skills Reinforcing service to others Meeting new people Working with adults and community leaders

Improving academic skills (math/science/technology)

3. How did you first find out about the Scouts? (Circle all that apply)

Television

Church

Radio

School

Signs / Posters

Social Media

Family / Friends

Other _________

4. Do you have any friends or family in Scouts?

Yes No

5. Do you have any children? No Children Yes How many

boys? _____

Ages of boys? _____

Preferred Language:

Spanish or

English (Continue on back)

74

Comments:

6. If you have children, what do they

like to do? (Circle all that apply)

Sports

Camping

Music

Television

Video Games

Fishing

Reading

Movies

Hiking

Playing Outdoors

Academics

Other ___________

7. How important do you feel the Boy Scouts of America is to our youth?

Highly Important

Moderately Somewhat Not Important

at all I don’t know what that is

8. How likely are you to enroll your children in Scouts?

Highly Likely Moderately

Likely Not Sure

Somewhat Unlikely

Unlikely

Why? _________

9. How interested are you in learning more about the Scouts?

Highly Interested

Moderately Interested

Not Sure Somewhat

Uninterested Uninterested

10. How likely would you be to volunteer for the Scouts?

Highly Likely Moderately

Likely Not Sure

Somewhat Unlikely

Unlikely Why?

_________

11. Which best describes your education level?

Less than High School

High School Diploma

Some College College Degree Prefer not to

answer

12. Which best describes your current household income per year?

Less than $10,000

$10,001-30,000

$30,001-$50,000

Greater than $75,000

Prefer not to answer

75

Boy Scouts de América Encuesta

Somos un grupo de estudiantes universitarios de Marian en la Escuela de Clark H Byrum del Negocio que conduce un estudio de investigación para los Exploradores de América. Por favor tome un momento lee cada pregunta y luego

rodean su mejor respuesta. Si tiene alguna pregunta por favor póngase en contacto con Joel Hall en jjhall@marian .edu

1. ¿Que tantos conoces de los Boy Scouts? Mucho Moderado Algo Poco Nada

2. Pensando en qué exploradores y Scouting representa, por favor califique los siguientes elementos:

No representados Débil representa. Ni de acuerdo

ni en desacuerdo

algo representa fuertemente representa

Enseñanza de habilidades al aire libre (senderismo, camping, piragüismo, etc.)

Liderazgo docente Enseñanza de servicio cívico Refuerzo de buenos valores/comportamientos Reforzando las creencias religiosas Mantener a los niños físicamente fuertes Haciendo amigos Enseñar habilidades sociales (amistades, etc.) Habilidades para la vida docente Reforzar el servicio a los demás Conocer gente nueva Trabajando con adultos y líderes de la comunidad Mejorar habilidades académicas (Matemáticas/ciencia/tecnología)

3. ¿Cómo encontraste los Boy Scouts? (Circule las que apliquen)

Iglesia

Televisión

Escuela

Radio

Carteles / Posters

Los medios

sociales

Amigos / familia Otra

____________

4. ¿Tienes algun conocido que sea parte delos

Boy Scouts?

Si No

5. ¿Tienes hijos? Si No ¿Cuántos chicos?

_______

Edades de niños:

Idioma preferido Español o inglés

6.¿Estarías interesado en firmar a tus hijos para Boy Scouts?

Muy Probable Probable No Se Mas o Menos

probable

Inprobable Por Que?

____________________

76

Comentario:

(continuar hacia atrás)

7. Si usted tiene niños, ¿qué les gusta hacer? (Circule las que apliquen )

Deporte Camping La música

Televison Videojuuegos Académicos

Leer Pesca

Películas

Estar con amigos Senderismo

Otra ________________

8. ¿Crees que los Boy Scouts es una parte importante para la juventud?

Muy Importante Importante Poco

Importante No se que sea No Se

9. Estas interesado en apendiendo de los Boy Scouts?

Muy Probable Probable No Se Mas o Menos

Probable Inprobable

10. Qual mejor desciba su nivel de educacion? Menor de escuela

secundaria

Diploma de escuela

secundaria

Poco de la universidad

Diploma de escuela

secundaria Prefiere no contestar

11. ¿Gustarias ser serias un adulto voluntario para los Boy Scouts?

Muy Probable Probable No Se Mas o Menos

probable

Inprobable Por Que?

____________________

12. ¿Que mejor describe su actual ingreso familiar total por año?

Menos de 10,000$ $10,001-30,000 $30,001-$50,000

$50,001-$75,000 Mas de 75,000

Prefiero no responder

77

Supplementary Graphs Current Scouts Respondents by ZIP Code

This map shows the number of respondents by ZIP code with the Crossroads of America

Council. The results show that the ZIP codes around the Carmel, Zionsville, Noblesville and

Greenwood areas have the most number of respondents.

32

16

1

n=574

78

46%

54%

What is your gender?

Male

Female

n=589

1%

2%

2%

2%

4%

89%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Other

African American

Asian/PacificIslander

Latino or Hispanic

Multiracial

Caucasian

Which of the following best represents your child's racial or ethnic heritage?

n=570

1%

3%

10%

86%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Widowed

Domestic Partnership

Unmarried

Married

Percent

What is your marital status?

n=525

79

30%

44%

22%

4%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

Master's Degree orhigher

Bachelor's Degree

Some College

High School graduate

What is the highest level of education you have completed?

n=592

75%

12%

8%

5%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Employed

Stay at home parent

Self-Employed

Other

Percentage by Employment Status

Please choose the statement that best describes your employment status.

n=593

7%

12%

19%

21%

41%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

Less than $30,000

$30,001-$50,000

$50,001-$75,000

$75,001-$100,000

Greater than$100,000

Which best describes your total household income per year?

n=505

80

Q16. Please rate your satisfaction level with the following items related to your child's Cub Scout

experience.

0% 2%

12%

61%

25%

The time commitment required for my child

Very Dissatisfied

Dissatisfied

Neither Satisfied norDissatisfiedSatisfied

Very Satisfied

1% 4%

18%

54%

23%

The time commitment required for me as a parent

Very Dissatisfied

Dissatisfied

Neither Satisfied norDissatisfied

Satisfied

Very Satisfied

4%

11%

14%

48%

23%

Organization of Pack Meetings

Very Dissatisfied

Dissatisfied

Neither Satisfied norDissatisfied

Satisfied

Very Satisfied

n=624

n=624

n=619

81

1%

7%

11%

52%

29%

Quality of activities during Den or Pack Meetings

Very Dissatisfied

Dissatisfied

Neither Satisfied norDissatisfied

Satisfied

Very Satisfied

2%

6%

11%

50%

31%

Variety of activities during Den or Pack Meetings

Very Dissatisfied

Dissatisfied

Neither Satisfied norDissatisfied

Satisfied

Very Satisfied

2%

7%

40% 36%

15%

Emphasis on Religion

Very Dissatisfied

Dissatisfied

Neither Satisfied norDissatisfied

Satisfied

Very Satisfied

n=622

n=623

n=620

82

0% 0%

5%

45%

50%

Safety of the Scouting environment

Very Dissatisfied

Dissatisfied

Neither Satisfied norDissatisfied

Satisfied

Very Satisfied

0% 2%

8%

45%

45%

Values taught in Cub Scouts

Very Dissatisfied

Dissatisfied

Neither Satisfied norDissatisfied

Satisfied

Very Satisfied

1% 3%

18%

54%

24%

Frequency of wearing the Cub Scout Uniform

Very Dissatisfied

Dissatisfied

Neither Satisfied norDissatisfied

Satisfied

Very Satisfied

n=621

n=621

n=619

83

1% 2%

11%

53%

33%

Overall Satisfaction with Cub Scout experience

Very Dissatisfied

Dissatisfied

Neither Satisfied norDissatisfied

Satisfied

Very Satisfied

n=623

84

Q 17. Thinking about your current or former Cub Scout experience, please indicate your

agreement with the following statements.

1% 2%

10%

43%

44%

I would recommend participation in Cub Scouts to other parents

Strongly Disagree

Disgree

Neither Agree nor Disagree

Agree

Strongly Agree

n=612

0% 1%

8%

55%

36%

Scouting encourages a healthy and active lifestyle

Strongly Disagree

Disgree

Neither Agree nor Disagree

Agree

Strongly Agree

n=616

1%

6%

20%

45%

28%

My Den or Pack Leader encourages/encouraged community service

Strongly Disagree

Disgree

Neither Agree norDisagree

Agree

Strongly Agree

n= 616

85

2%

5%

11%

44%

38%

I am/was satisfied with our Cub Scout Pack Leader

Strongly Disagree

Disgree

Neither Agree norDisagree

Agree

Strongly Agree

n=614

0% 3%

12%

48%

37%

Community service is a valuable part of the Scouting experience

Strongly Disagree

Disgree

Neither Agree norDisagree

Agree

Strongly Agree

n=617

2% 5%

12%

39%

42%

I am/was satisfied with my child's Den Leader

Strongly Disagree

Disgree

Neither Agree nor Disagree

Agree

Strongly Agree

n=614

86

1%

7%

21%

49%

22%

I enjoy(ed) attending the weekly meetings

Strongly Disagree

Disgree

Neither Agree nor Disagree

Agree

Strongly Agree

n=616

2% 4%

13%

48%

33%

The amount of money spent on Scouting is worth it

Strongly Disagree

Disgree

Neither Agree nor Disagree

Agree

Strongly Agree

n=617

2%

11%

26%

42%

19%

Science and technology learning opportunities are/were provided to my child

Strongly Disagree

Disgree

Neither Agree nor Disagree

Agree

Strongly Agree

n= 614

87

0% 2%

11%

53%

34%

My child enjoys/enjoyed attending the weekly meetings

Strongly Disagree

Disgree

Neither Agree nor Disagree

Agree

Strongly Agree

n=616

0% 2%

9%

56%

33%

The activities offered appeal(ed) to my child's interests

Strongly Disagree

Disgree

Neither Agree norDisagree

Agree

Strongly Agree

n=615

0%

3%

16%

48%

33%

Award ceremonies are a valuable part of the Scouting experience

Strongly Disagree

Disgree

Neither Agree nor Disagree

Agree

Strongly Agree

n=614

88

1%

3%

15%

51%

30%

My child learned a lot in Cub Scouts

Strongly Disagree

Disgree

Neither Agree nor Disagree

Agree

Strongly Agree

n=613

89

Q 18. On a scale of 1 to 5, with 1 being the least favorite and 5 being the most favorite, rate how

much your child enjoys/enjoyed participating in the following activities while in Cub Scouts.

0% 0% 4%

19%

77%

Using BB Guns and/or Archery

1 Least Favorite

2

3

4

5 Most Favorite

0% 1%

7%

34%

58%

Other Outdoor Activities

1 Least Favorite

2

3

4

5 Most Favorite

n=600

1% 3%

6%

27%

63%

One or Two Day Camping Trips

1 Least Favorite

2

3

4

5 Most Favorite

n=599

n=601

90

1% 2%

9%

31% 57%

Pinewood Derby

1 Least Favorite

2

3

4

5 Most Favorite

0% 0%

11%

41%

48%

Making Friends

1 Least Favorite

2

3

4

5 Most Favorite

0% 3%

10%

42%

45%

Earning Awards

1 Least Favorite

2

3

4

5 Most Favorite

n=595

n=594

n=596

91

1% 4%

16%

33%

46%

Fishing

1 Least Favorite

2

3

4

5 Most Favorite

2%

5%

16%

36%

41%

Playing Sports (football, kickball, etc.)

1 Least Favorite

2

3

4

5 Most Favorite

1% 4%

23%

37%

35%

Circuit of Fun

1 Least Favorite

2

3

4

5 Most Favorite

n=601

n=599

n=597

92

2% 3%

23%

37%

35%

Robotics/Computers

1 Least Favorite

2

3

4

5 Most Favorite

1% 4%

20%

49%

26%

Den Meetings

1 Least Favorite

2

3

4

5 Most Favorite

3%

7%

19%

35%

36%

Boat Racing Competitions

1 Least Favorite

2

3

4

5 Most Favorite

n=600

n=600

n=599

93

2% [PERCENTAGE]

23%

32%

37%

Attending Sporting Events

1 Least Favorite

2

3

4

5 Most Favorite

1%

6%

33%

41%

19%

Learning about Life Skills

1 Least Favorite

2

3

4

5 Most Favorite

3%

9%

27%

42%

19%

Pack Meetings

1 Least Favorite

2

3

4

5 Most Favorite

n=599

n=596

n=599

94

5%

10%

30%

35%

20%

Wearing the Uniform

1 Least Favorite

2

3

4

5 Most Favorite

20%

18%

28%

25%

9%

Popcorn Sales/Fundraising

1 Least Favorite

2

3

4

5 Most Favorite

n=597

n=594

95

Former Scouts Respondents by ZIP Code

This map shows the number of respondents who are former Scouts, by ZIP code, within the

Crossroads of America Council. The results show that the ZIP codes on the northwest and southwest

sides of Indianapolis have the greatest number of respondents.

4

2

1

n= 61

96

69%

31%

What is your gender?

Female

Male

n= 64

5%

5%

91%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Prefer not to answer

African American

Caucasian

Which of the following best represents your child's racial or ethnic heritage?

n=64

3%

9%

88%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Domestic Partnership

Unmarried

Married

n=58

What is your marital status?

97

20%

39%

31%

10%

Master's Degree or higher

Bachelor's Degree

Some College

High School graduate

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

What is the highest level of education you have completed?

n=64

0%

0%

0%

3%

12%

15%

70%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

Currently out of work

Military

Unable to work

Retired

Self-employed

Stay at home parent

Employed

Please choose the statement that best describes your employment status.

n=65

4%

14%

31%

18%

33%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%

$10,001-30,000

$30,001-$50,000

$50,001-$75,000

$75,001-$100,000

Greater than$100,000

Which best describes you current total household income per year?

n=51

98

Q 16: Please rate your satisfaction level with the following items related to your child’s Cub

Scout experience.

3%

20%

22% 47%

8%

The time commitment required for my child

Very Dissatisfied

Dissatisfied

Neither Satisfied norDissatisfied

Satisfied

Very Satisfied

6%

12%

28% 43%

11%

The time commitment required for me as a parent

Very Dissatisfied

Dissatisfied

Neither Satisfied norDissatisfied

Satisfied

Very Satisfied

21%

22%

14%

32%

11%

Organization of Pack Meetings

Very Dissatisfied

Dissatisfied

Neither Satisfied norDissatisfied

Satisfied

Very Satisfied

n=72

99

13%

26%

19%

29%

13%

Quality of activities during Den or Pack Meetings

Very Dissatisfied

Dissatisfied

Neither Satisfied norDissatisfied

Satisfied

Very Satisfied

11%

25%

14%

35%

15%

Variety of activities during Den or Pack Meetings

Very Dissatisfied

Dissatisfied

Neither Satisfied norDissatisfied

Satisfied

Very Satisfied

5% 7%

50%

24%

14%

Emphasis on Religion

Very Dissatisfied

Dissatisfied

Neither Satisfied norDissatisfied

Satisfied

Very Satisfied

n=72

100

0%

5% 7%

53%

35%

Safety of the Scouting environment

Very Dissatisfied

Dissatisfied

Neither Satisfied norDissatisfied

Satisfied

Very Satisfied

4% 4%

10%

55%

27%

Values taught in Cub Scouts

Very Dissatisfied

Dissatisfied

Neither Satisfied norDissatisfied

Satisfied

Very Satisfied

6% 6%

29%

51%

8%

Frequency of wearing the Cub Scout Uniform

Very Dissatisfied

Dissatisfied

Neither Satisfied norDissatisfied

Satisfied

Very Satisfied

n=72

101

13%

18%

26%

33%

10%

Overall Satisfaction with Cub Scout experience

Very Dissatisfied

Dissatisfied

Neither Satisfied norDissatisfied

Satisfied

Very Satisfied

n=72

102

Q 17: Thinking about your current or former Cub Scout experience, please indicate your agreement

with the following statements.

15%

17%

15%

41%

12%

I am/was satisfied with our Cub Scout Pack Leader

Strongly Disagree

Disgree

Neither Agree norDisagreeAgree

Strongly Agree

2%

10%

22%

50%

16%

Award ceremonies are a valuable part of the Scouting experience

Strongly Disagree

Disgree

Neither Agree nor Disagree

Agree

Strongly Agree

10%

24%

25%

34%

7%

My child learned a lot in Cub Scouts

Strongly Disagree

Disgree

Neither Agree nor Disagree

Agree

Strongly Agree

n=69

103

7%

22%

28%

37%

6%

The activities offered appeal(ed) to my child's interests

Strongly Disagree

Disgree

Neither Agree nor Disagree

Agree

Strongly Agree

9%

24%

26%

34%

7%

My child enjoys/enjoyed attending the weekly meetings

Strongly Disagree

Disgree

Neither Agree nor Disagree

Agree

Strongly Agree

7%

32%

28%

28%

5%

I enjoy(ed) attending the weekly meetings

Strongly Disagree

Disgree

Neither Agree nor Disagree

Agree

Strongly Agree

n=69

104

13%

32%

23%

25%

7%

Science and technology learning opportunities are/were provided for my child

Strongly Disagree

Disgree

Neither Agree norDisagreeAgree

Strongly Agree

7%

13%

30% 35%

15%

The amount of money spent on scouting is worth it

Strongly Disagree

Disgree

Neither Agree norDisagreeAgree

Strongly Agree

24%

10%

12% 38%

16%

I am/was satisfied with my child's Den Leader

Strongly Disagree

Disgree

Neither Agree nor Disagree

Agree

Strongly Agree

n=69

105

10%

16%

19% 40%

15%

My Den or Pack leader encourages/ encouraged community service

Strongly Disagree

Disgree

Neither Agree norDisagreeAgree

Strongly Agree

0%

7%

17%

51%

25%

Community service is a valuable part of the scouting experience

Strongly Disagree

Disgree

Neither Agree norDisagreeAgree

Strongly Agree

2% 4%

15%

60%

19%

Scouting encourages a healthy and active lifestyle

Strongly Disagree

Disgree

Neither Agree norDisagreeAgree

Strongly Agree

n=69

106

6%

24%

29%

28%

13%

I would recommend participation in Cub Scouts to other parents

Strongly Disagree

Disgree

Neither Agree norDisagreeAgree

Strongly Agree

107

Q 18: On a scale of 1 to 5, with 1 being the least favorite and 5 being the most favorite, rate how much

your child enjoys/enjoyed participating in the following activities while in Cub Scouts.

2% 3%

28%

47%

20%

Earning Awards

Least Favorite 1

2

3

4

Most Favorite 5

1% 2%

18%

50%

29%

Making Friends

Least Favorite 1

2

3

4

Most Favorite 5

9%

26%

27%

27%

11%

Wearing the Uniform

Least Favorite 1

2

3

4

Most Favorite 5

n=69 n=67

108

3%

15%

40%

31%

11%

Learning about Life Skills

Least Favorite 1

2

3

4

Most Favorite 5

4% 4%

31%

34%

27%

Robotics/Computers

Least Favorite 1

2

3

4

Most Favorite 5

9%

26%

27%

27%

11%

Playing Sports

Least Favorite 1

2

3

4

Most Favorite 5

n=67

109

6% 6%

8%

30%

50%

One or two day camping trips

Least Favorite 1

2

3

4

Most Favorite 5

0% 2%

16%

27% 55%

Pinewood Derby

Least Favorite 1

2

3

4

Most Favorite 5

0% 0% 2%

23%

75%

Using BB Guns and/or Archery

Least Favorite 1

2

3

4

Most Favorite 5

n=67

110

5%

23%

41%

22%

9%

Den Meetings

Least Favorite 1

2

3

4

Most Favorite 5

16%

27%

30%

22%

5%

Pack Meetings

Least Favorite 1

2

3

4

Most Favorite 5

4% 4%

13%

38%

41%

Fishing

Least Favorite 1

2

3

4

Most Favorite 5

n=67

111

30%

32%

20%

13%

5%

Popcorn sales/Fundraising

Least Favorite 1

2

3

4

Most Favorite 5

2% 5%

15%

34%

44%

Other outdoor activities

Least Favorite 1

2

3

4

Most Favorite 5

7% 3%

18%

43%

29%

Boat Racing Competitions

Least Favorite 1

2

3

4

Most Favorite 5

n=67

112

6% 6%

24%

37%

27%

Attending sporting events

Least Favorite 1

2

3

4

Most Favorite 5

2% 5%

33%

40%

20%

Circuit of Fun

Least Favorite 1

2

3

4

Most Favorite 5

n=67