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Endovascular Intervention BtK Intervention in Patients with Chronic Dialysis GB Danzi, MD GB Danzi, MD Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan Italy

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Endovascular Intervention

BtK Intervention in Patientswith Chronic Dialysis

GB Danzi, MDGB Danzi, MD

Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico

Milan ‐ Italy

Disease Pattern in PADHypercholesterolemia

Current smoking

Age

Diabetes mellitusESRD

Diabetes mellitus

Iliac

Current smoking Diabetes mellitus Diabetes mellitus

FemoroFemoro‐popliteal

BtKBtK

BtK PTA in Patients with Chronic DialysisA i f i f li bAmputation‐free time for limbs

92%

47%

Graziani L, NDT 2007;22:1144

BTK Endovascular Interventions

Milano Experience (2000‐2010)

800

600

700

400

500

200

300

0

100

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

PTA n° 97 119 155 165 173 248 253 292 491 583 703

BTK Endovascular Interventions

Milano Experience (2000‐2010)

ESRD and Chronic Dialysis20

ESRD and Chronic Dialysis

19%

14

16

18

%10

12

14

4

6

8

0

2

4

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

BtK Interventions: Key Issuesy

• Advanced CTO techniquesSub intimal approach‐ Sub‐intimal approach

‐ Trans‐collateral approach‐ Retrograde (double) approach

• Treatment of calcified lesionsTreatment of calcified lesions‐ Cutting balloonRotablator‐ Rotablator

• Plantar and pedal arteries recanalization

Calcified Arteries and Small Vessels

Disease

• Female, 76 yyFemale, 76 yy• 1990 Type 2 DM• 1994 NHL, CT + RT (chest)1994 NHL, CT   RT (chest)• 2000 CABG, PM, CHF• 2005 ESRD haemodialysis2005 ESRD  haemodialysis• 2009 left thigh amputation (ischemic gangrene)• 2010 ulcer of the toes2010 ulcer of the toes

Angiographic pattern

Tibioperoneal trunk stenosisTibioperoneal trunk stenosis

Angiographic pattern

Good anterior tibial and peroneal arteriesGood anterior tibial and peroneal arteriesLong calcific disease of posterior tibial artery

Angiographic pattern

iff di f d l l i f l iDiffuse disease of pedal artery, occlusion of plantar arteriesDiffuse calcific disease of metatarsal and digital arteries

Angiographic pattern

iff di f d l l i f l iDiffuse disease of pedal artery, occlusion of plantar arteriesDiffuse calcific disease of metatarsal and digital arteries

Angiographic pattern

iff di f d l l i f l iDiffuse disease of pedal artery, occlusion of plantar arteriesDiffuse calcific disease of metatarsal and digital arteries

Possible goalsg

ibi l k1. Tibioperoneal trunk

2. Pedal artery 3. Posterior tibial  plantar artery

Tibioperoneal trunk treatment

1. 3.0‐20  mm coronary balloon, 18 atm 2. Easy, safey,3. Totally ineffective (alone) in giving blood to the forefoot

Pedal artery treatment

1. Where is the pedal artery ? 2. This is the only blood flow pathway to the forefoot: in case of 

failure  thigh amputation

PTA & plantar artery treatment

In the late pictures the artery is open

Selected material

1. Cross the lesion: hydrophilic wire0.014” wire: PT2 (BSC)

h l f l b ll2. Open a pathway: OTW low profile balloon1.5 mm x 20 mm Apex Flex (BSC) 18 atm2.0 mm x 40 mm Apex (BSC) 18 atm0 0 pe ( SC) 8 at

Selected material

Cross the lesion: hydrophilic wire0 014” wire: PT2 (BSC)0.014  wire: PT2 (BSC)

Open a pathway: OTW low profile balloonOpen a pathway: OTW low profile balloon1.5 mm x 20 mm Apex Flex (BSC) 18 atm2.0 mm x 40 mm Apex (BSC) 18 atm

Progressive artery dilatation: OTW low profile balloon2.0 mm x 80 mm Amphirion Deep (Invatec) 15 atm0 80 p o eep ( atec) 5 at2.5 mm x 80 mm Amphirion Deep (Invatec) 15 atm

Spot treatment of resistant lesions: non compliant balloon2.5 mm x 15 mm Quantum Maverick (BSC) 26 atm2.5 mm x 15 mm Quantum Maverick (BSC) 26 atm

Very Small Vessels and Diffuse Disease

• ES, femaleES, female

• age 4: Type 1 DM diagnosis

• age 18: ESRD (hemodialysis) 

• age 28: gangrene of the toes 

Selected Material

4F Berenstein diagnostic catheter (Cordis)• 4F Berenstein diagnostic catheter (Cordis)• PT2 wire (BSC)• Apex 1 5 20 mm Push OTW (BSC)• Apex 1.5‐20 mm Push OTW (BSC)• Apex 2.0‐20 mm Flex (BSC)• Amphirion Deep 2 0 30 mm (Invatec)• Amphirion Deep 2.0‐30 mm (Invatec)

Before AfterBefore After

BtK PTA in Patients with Chronic Dialysis

d l f i i hEndovascular treatment of patients with chronic dialysis is technically challenging because:

• The prevalent localization of lesions in distal• The prevalent localization of lesions in distal vessels with diffuse disease and poor run‐off

• The calcified nature of the lesions• The presence of very tight stenoses thatThe presence of very tight stenoses that make the crossing very problematic

BtK PTA in Patients with Chronic Dialysis

• Considering that bypass is not technically g yp yfeasible in most of the cases the percutaneoustreatment of the vessels of the foot is essentialtreatment of the vessels of the foot is essential to avoid amputation

• This goal can be achieved by using  antegrade vascular approach and coronary g pp ytechniques and materials

• In the near future drug eluting balloons• In the near future drug‐eluting balloons could be very useful in this specific setting