Bubble Chamber Physics

in the

Morrison Empire

Bubble Chamber Physics

LondonAachen

Bonn

Berlin

Cracow

Warsaw

Vienna

InnsbruckCERN

The ABBCCHILVW Collaboration

Aachen - Berlin - Bonn - CERN - Cracow - Heidelberg - Innsbruck - London - Vienna - Warsaw

Heidelberg

in the Morrison Empire

- the technology *

- the physics *

- the collaboration

- personal memories

* Proc. BUBBLES 40, 1993

the technology:

- bubble chambers

- film

- data processing

bubble chambers:

more than 100 BCs built between invention by R. Glaser in 1953 and 1987

Glaser’sfirst chamber

BEBC

ME

TE

RS

4

3

2

1

0

bubble chambers:

more than 100 BCs built between invention by R. Glaser in 1953 and 1987

more than 60 used for physics

sizes from 1 cm to 3.7 m ø

filled with H2, D2

noble gases: He, Ne, Xe heavy liquids: diethyl ether, isopentane

freon, propane

number of pictures taken: ?? > 108 ( x # of views 1 - 6)

the film, the events, the measurements

“scanning”: film projected onto table to find the events:armies of physicists, students and “scanning ladies”

the events:physics “vizualised”

the film, the events, the measurements

“scanning”: film projected onto table to find the events:armies of physicists, students and “scanning ladies”

the events:physics “vizualised”aspects of science, popularization and (even) art

measurements:from simple manual digitization of points along tracks

( IEPs )

to computer assisted and fully automatic measurements(HPD, PEPR, Spiral Reader, ERASME, ....)

data processing

the heroic beginning of applied on- ond off-line computing

hardware: the IBMs vs. the PDPs with CDCs, Univacs, etc. around

remember the word length and memory space .....

Hollerith cards, DEC tapes, magnetic tapes

software: THRESH - GRIND - SLICE Data Summary Tapes (DSTs) SUMX

remember the octal and hexadecimal (!) memory dumps ...

the physics with BCs

for the sake of this presentation subdivided into 4 domains:

- hadronic s - channel physics

(quasi-)stable particles and hadron resonances

- hadronic t - channel physics

meson resonances, production processes

- neutrino physics with the big chambers

- charm production with high resolution optics, holography

R

R

the

Morrison Empire

the ABBCCHILVW Collaboration

Aachen - Berlin - Bonn - CERN - Cracow - Heidelberg - Innsbruck - London - Vienna - Warsaw

LondonAachen

Bonn

Berlin

Cracow

Warsaw

Vienna

InnsbruckCERN

The ABBCCHILVW Collaboration

Aachen - Berlin - Bonn - CERN - Cracow - Heidelberg - Innsbruck - London - Vienna - Warsaw

Heidelberg

the ABBCCHILVW Collaboration

Aachen - Berlin - Bonn - CERN - Cracow - Heidelberg - Innsbruck - London - Vienna - Warsaw

- meson beams

- into BCs filled with hydrogen

- at the highest available energies

data collected between 1963 and 1980 :

in CERN 2m chamber:

8, 16, 23 GeV/c + p ABC 1st run in 1963

16 GeV/c - p ABBCCHW

10, 16 GeV/c K- p ABCILV 1st run in 1965

in Mirabelle:

32 GeV/c K- p in 1974

in BEBC: 110 GeV/c K- p ABCCLVW in 1979

in FNAL 15’:

100 GeV/c - p CERN in 1980

physics in the Morrison Collaboration

- production of strange hadron resonances :

- hadronic t - channel physics :

one particle exchange reactions ( OPE )

diffraction dissociation

multiparticle production and exchange

R

One Particle Exchange reactions

production of meson resonances: , , A2, f in beams

K*890, K*1420 in K beams

production mechanisms: energy dependence and t- distributions of meson and baryon resonances

Regge poles, trajectories, ...

duality: Veneziano diagrams

diffraction dissociation

production of A1 , A3 in beams

Q , L in beams

N* resonances

Morrison - Gribov rule: P = (-1) J

JP: 0 - 1+ , 2 - , 3 +, ...

“Pomeron” - exchange: weak energy dependence (“non-standard Regge trajectory”)

partial wave analysis of (3) and (K) systems (“Ascoli” - program)

multiparticle production and exchange

multi-Regge exchanges 5 - point function

longitudinal phase-space distributions, “sea-gull effect” van Hove plots

=

summary of physics results:

extensive and intensive study of hadronic reactions

relevance for today’s understanding:

- important input for the establishment of the quark model

SU(3) multiplets, duality

- input for hadronization models

Monte Carlo models to relate fundamental q, l reactions toobservable data

- diffraction dissociation: Pomeron double gluon exchange

social and political aspects

(reflections by DROM (1978): “The Sociology of International Scientific Collaborations” )

ABBCCHILVW collaboration was a prototype of an international collaboration as stipulated by CERN Convention

bubble chamber film and data were ideally suited for university groupsto participate in front-line research together with CERN team

central CERN team responsible for technical and managerial aspects:

- general organisation (D.R.O. Morrison)- data collection, organisation and distribution (G. Kellner)- editing and submission of publications (V. Cocconi)

D.R.O.Morrison

V. Cocconi G. Kellner

mode of collaboration:

- consensus of group leaders strong personalities (M. Deutschmann, R. Sosnowski, ...) contributions to conferences (submission of papers, speakers) - frequent (short and long) visits of collaborators at CERN (fellows, associates)- collaboration meetings for 2-3 days some 5 times per year half of the time at CERN and at collaborating institutes

political aspects: collaboration across “iron curtain” 2 strong Polish groups unique collaboration of teams from Western and Eastern Germany

social activities: collaboration dinners at hosting institutewine tasting at DROM’s place, Viennaskiing outings in Geneva area, Innsbruckcarneval at Aachen, Bonn

personal memories

I joined the collaboration as a member of the Vienna group in 1968 when Peter was already one of its members

on Peter’s invitation I spent the academic year 1972/73 at Imperial College

following that year I joined the CERN group as a fellow and stayed there for 32 years ...

together we had memorable adventures at the Tbilisi Conferencein 1976

Peter left the collaboration in 1976 for the TASSO experiment at DESY but we often met again at CERN when he worked on ALEPH and LHCb

I feel privileged and very lucky for having lived my career together with Peter and in parallel to his career

I feel privileged and very lucky for having lived my career together with Peter and in parallel to his career

thank you, Peter,

and

all my best wishes

for a well deserved, active and interesting retirement