building construction - university of delaware 486/building_notes102202.pdf · building...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Building Construction - University of Delaware 486/building_notes102202.pdf · Building Construction Factors governing type selection • Economics – not necessarily the one that](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070606/5a7038d07f8b9aac538bba08/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: Building Construction - University of Delaware 486/building_notes102202.pdf · Building Construction Factors governing type selection • Economics – not necessarily the one that](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070606/5a7038d07f8b9aac538bba08/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Building Construction
Structural Systems1. Load-bearing wall construction2. Skeleton framing3. Combination of the two
![Page 3: Building Construction - University of Delaware 486/building_notes102202.pdf · Building Construction Factors governing type selection • Economics – not necessarily the one that](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070606/5a7038d07f8b9aac538bba08/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Building Construction
Factors governing type selection• Economics – not necessarily the one
that requires the least structural materials
• Architectural, mechanical, electrical, and other costs may be affected
![Page 4: Building Construction - University of Delaware 486/building_notes102202.pdf · Building Construction Factors governing type selection • Economics – not necessarily the one that](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070606/5a7038d07f8b9aac538bba08/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Building Construction
Load-bearing walls serve as:• Facades• Enclosures• Separators• Fire barriers• Carry floor & roof loads to the foundation
![Page 5: Building Construction - University of Delaware 486/building_notes102202.pdf · Building Construction Factors governing type selection • Economics – not necessarily the one that](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070606/5a7038d07f8b9aac538bba08/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Building ConstructionLoad-bearing wood walls• One to three story
buildings (houses)• 2” x 4” or 2” x 6”
construction • Studs on 16” to 24”
centers• Top & bottom plates• Headers• Max. wall ht.
(unsupported) = 15’
![Page 6: Building Construction - University of Delaware 486/building_notes102202.pdf · Building Construction Factors governing type selection • Economics – not necessarily the one that](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070606/5a7038d07f8b9aac538bba08/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Balloon Framing Platform Framing
![Page 7: Building Construction - University of Delaware 486/building_notes102202.pdf · Building Construction Factors governing type selection • Economics – not necessarily the one that](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070606/5a7038d07f8b9aac538bba08/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Post & Plank Framing
![Page 8: Building Construction - University of Delaware 486/building_notes102202.pdf · Building Construction Factors governing type selection • Economics – not necessarily the one that](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070606/5a7038d07f8b9aac538bba08/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Building Construction
Load-bearing masonry walls• 10 stories or more• Thickness of walls vary depending on
height• Trapezoidal cross section• Lintels or arches at openings
![Page 9: Building Construction - University of Delaware 486/building_notes102202.pdf · Building Construction Factors governing type selection • Economics – not necessarily the one that](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070606/5a7038d07f8b9aac538bba08/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Building ConstructionLoad-bearing reinforced
concrete walls• Thinner than masonry• Solid or cavityLoad-bearing walls are
used for:• Exterior• Interior partitions• Wind bracing• Service core
enclosure
![Page 10: Building Construction - University of Delaware 486/building_notes102202.pdf · Building Construction Factors governing type selection • Economics – not necessarily the one that](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070606/5a7038d07f8b9aac538bba08/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Building Construction
Load-bearing partitions:• Short intervals• Carry floor/ceiling loadsLoad-bearing walls:• Can serve as shear walls = resists wind
& earthquake (seismic) loads
![Page 11: Building Construction - University of Delaware 486/building_notes102202.pdf · Building Construction Factors governing type selection • Economics – not necessarily the one that](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070606/5a7038d07f8b9aac538bba08/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Building Construction
Service core• Enclosing stairs or
elevators• Service/mechanical
rooms• Duct/pipe chase
![Page 12: Building Construction - University of Delaware 486/building_notes102202.pdf · Building Construction Factors governing type selection • Economics – not necessarily the one that](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070606/5a7038d07f8b9aac538bba08/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Building Construction
Skeleton framing• Columns carry
loads to foundation• Lateral forces
resisted by columns and diagonal braces, or rigid frame
![Page 13: Building Construction - University of Delaware 486/building_notes102202.pdf · Building Construction Factors governing type selection • Economics – not necessarily the one that](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070606/5a7038d07f8b9aac538bba08/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Building Construction
Horizontal structural slab or deck • Floor/ceiling/ducts• Flat-plate construction• Flat-slab reinforced concrete • Slab-band construction• Two way slabs
![Page 14: Building Construction - University of Delaware 486/building_notes102202.pdf · Building Construction Factors governing type selection • Economics – not necessarily the one that](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070606/5a7038d07f8b9aac538bba08/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Building Construction
Beam-and-girder-construction• Wood joist or rafters on 16” to 24” centers
w/lumber or plywood decking• Open web steel joist• Light, rolled-steel beams• Precast concrete planks
![Page 15: Building Construction - University of Delaware 486/building_notes102202.pdf · Building Construction Factors governing type selection • Economics – not necessarily the one that](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070606/5a7038d07f8b9aac538bba08/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Building ConstructionHeavier loads / longer spans• One-way ribbed concrete slabs• Two-way waffle slab• Prestressed concrete planks, tees, double
tees, or girders• Laminated wood girders• Structural steel beams & girders
![Page 16: Building Construction - University of Delaware 486/building_notes102202.pdf · Building Construction Factors governing type selection • Economics – not necessarily the one that](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070606/5a7038d07f8b9aac538bba08/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Building Construction
Lateral-force bracing• Low wood
buildings• Rigid frames• Shear walls• Braced frames
![Page 17: Building Construction - University of Delaware 486/building_notes102202.pdf · Building Construction Factors governing type selection • Economics – not necessarily the one that](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070606/5a7038d07f8b9aac538bba08/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Building Construction
Lateral-force bracing• Tall buildings
– Hollow tube cantilever– X – bracing– Knee bracing between
columns & girders– Haunched-spandrels– Moment-resistant
connections between columns & girder
![Page 18: Building Construction - University of Delaware 486/building_notes102202.pdf · Building Construction Factors governing type selection • Economics – not necessarily the one that](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070606/5a7038d07f8b9aac538bba08/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Building Construction
• Curtain Wall: non-load-bearing, exterior wall, supported on girts
• Spandrel Wall: curtain wall at the level of the outside floor beams in multi-story buildings
• Pilaster: bonded or keyed column of masonry, uniform thickness
![Page 19: Building Construction - University of Delaware 486/building_notes102202.pdf · Building Construction Factors governing type selection • Economics – not necessarily the one that](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070606/5a7038d07f8b9aac538bba08/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Building Construction
• Buttress: bonded masonry column– integral part of wall– provides lateral stability– decreases in thickness from top to bottom
• Curtain Walls: metal, plywood, stucco– stick systems– mullion-and-panel systems– panel systems
• Glazing: various window systems
![Page 20: Building Construction - University of Delaware 486/building_notes102202.pdf · Building Construction Factors governing type selection • Economics – not necessarily the one that](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070606/5a7038d07f8b9aac538bba08/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Building Construction
• Roof styles– steep sloped > 1½ “ in 12”– low-slope ≤ 1½ “ in 12”
• Sloped roof types– gable– hip– gambrel– shed
![Page 21: Building Construction - University of Delaware 486/building_notes102202.pdf · Building Construction Factors governing type selection • Economics – not necessarily the one that](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070606/5a7038d07f8b9aac538bba08/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Building Construction
• Sloped roof components– rafter/truss/purlins– sheathing– underlayment– fascia– soffet– dripedge
eaves
![Page 22: Building Construction - University of Delaware 486/building_notes102202.pdf · Building Construction Factors governing type selection • Economics – not necessarily the one that](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070606/5a7038d07f8b9aac538bba08/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Building Construction
• Sloped roof components– ridge or hip– valley– rake gable end– saddle– dormer– flashing
![Page 23: Building Construction - University of Delaware 486/building_notes102202.pdf · Building Construction Factors governing type selection • Economics – not necessarily the one that](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070606/5a7038d07f8b9aac538bba08/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Building Construction
• Sloped roof materials– mineral fiber - cement shingles– asphalt (fiberglass)– wood shakes/shingles– slate shingles– clay (terra cotta)– concrete tile– metal roofing - corrugated or ribbed,
aluminum, copper, or galvanized steel
![Page 24: Building Construction - University of Delaware 486/building_notes102202.pdf · Building Construction Factors governing type selection • Economics – not necessarily the one that](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070606/5a7038d07f8b9aac538bba08/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Building Construction
• Low-sloped roof materials– built-up bituminous, roll-roofing, single-
ply membrane– components include:
• substrate• underlayment• insulation• waterproof membrane• ballast
![Page 25: Building Construction - University of Delaware 486/building_notes102202.pdf · Building Construction Factors governing type selection • Economics – not necessarily the one that](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070606/5a7038d07f8b9aac538bba08/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Building Construction
• Bitumens include asphalt & coal tar• Single-ply roofing
– vulcanized elastomers (EPDM, neoprene)– non-vulcanized elastomers (CSPE, CPE,
PIB)– thermoplastics– polymer-modified bitumens
![Page 26: Building Construction - University of Delaware 486/building_notes102202.pdf · Building Construction Factors governing type selection • Economics – not necessarily the one that](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070606/5a7038d07f8b9aac538bba08/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)