BUILDING INFORMATON MODELLING

(BIM)

MECHANICAL SYSTEMS

PLUMBING AND .HV AC

AHMAD FAA THIR BIN CHE MOHD ZULKIFLI

B. ENG . .(I-IONS) MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING""(DUAL DEGREE

PROGRAMME WITH KARLSRUHE UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES, HSKA

GERMANY)

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG

Universiti Malaysia PAHANG

SUPERVISOR'S DECLARATION

I hereby declare that I have checked this thesis and in our opinion, this thesis is adequate

in terms of scope and quality for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Mechatronics

Engineering (Hons. ).

Full Name

Position

Date

:DR AHMAD FAKHRI BIN AB. NASIR

: SENIOR LECTURER

: 3rd MARCH 2017

0 Universiti Malaysia PAHANG Engineering • Technology • CreetMt:r

STUDENT'S DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the work in this thesis is based on my original work except for

quotations and citations which have been duly acknowledged. I also declare that it has

not been previously or concurrently submitted for any other degree at Universiti Malaysia

Pahang or any other institutions .

./ (Student's Signature)

Full Name :AHMAD FAATHIR BIN CHE MOHD ZULKIFLI

ID Number : HA12003

Date : 3rd MARCH 2017

BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING

(BIM)

MECHANICAL SYSTEMS

PLUMBING AND HV AC

AHMAD FAA THIR BIN CHE MOHD ZULKIFLI

Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements

for the award of the degree of

Bachelor ofMechatronics Engineering (Hons.)

Faculty ofManufacturing

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG

MARCH2017 ~.~~

PERPUSTAi{AAN ~::tltl !l\ Ul\l!VER'SiT! MALAYSIA P.<~HANG f

~:.:~~ ~~~~.¥.

No. Perolehan No. Panggilan

119960 f"\<.f Tarikh ·r3:?

1 2 OCT 2017 :2011

... ~G·

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Alhamdulillah, all praised to Allah, with all His will, I managed to complete this thesis. I would like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to all of the people who have help me and to all of the people that involved either directly or indirectly in the realising of this thesis.

First and foremost, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Ahmad Fakhri Bin Ab. Nasir who has sacrificed a lot toward the completion of this thesis. His support and motivation has kept me strong during conducting this thesis. Furthermore his insight and guidance, based on his broad experience and knowledge, has allowed me to collect new know ledges while conducting this thesis as well as completing it. Besides that, I would like to thanks my company's supervisor, Encik Zakriman who has share his knowledge and experiences and guide me to complete my thesis.

Not to forget my Hochschule Karlsruhe's supervisor, Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Helmut Scherf, who always spent his time to follow up my work progress and gave a lot of constructive advice and guideline, even he is in Germany.

Second, I would like to express my gratitude to my beloved father, Che Mohd Zulkifli bin Che Mohd Zulkifli, mother, SharifahMaimunah binti Syed Abdullah and also my siblings as they have been my source of strength, inspiration and motivation in finishing this thesis in the required time.

Third, I would like to express my appreciations to all of my friends who have been involved either directly or indirectly in finishing this project. Without them I would have not be able to finish this project on time.

11

ABSTRAK

'Building Information Modelling' (BIM) digunakan secara meluas dalam mereka bentuk, simulasi dan menganalisis struktur model bangunan. Ini membantu arkitek, jurutera awam,juruteramekanikal dan elektrik dan lain-lain untuk gambaran keseluruhan model bangunan sebelum meneruskanpembinaan. sistem mekanikal di dalam bangunan adalah salah satu bahagian yang paling kritikal dalam pembinaan yang terlibat dalam kerja memasang paip dan HVAC sistem. Tham Zamin Bersekutu Consultant merupakan syarikat yang bertanggungjawab bagi pemasangan sistem mekanikal. Pada asasnya syarikat ini merangka sistem mekanikal dalam lukisan 2D dan masalah yang berlaku di tapak pembinaan kerana berlakunya pertempuran antara sistem. Perisian Autodesk Revit diselesaikan ini bertembung masalah dengan model sistem mekanikal dalam 3D untuk bangunan tiga tingkatdanmenganalisis pertempuran antara·sistem. Untuk menentukan sistem penyejukan di dalam bangunan, jurutera di syarikat ini dikira secara manual dan kaedah ini mengambil masa yang lama untuk disiapkan. Analisis beban haba boleh dijalankan di Revit yang boleh mengatasi masalah ini. Pam bertanggungjawab untuk meningkatkan bekalan air di seluruh bangunan dan saiz pam di bangunan ini perlu dikira juga. Sistem mekanikal pemodelan 3D yang lengkap akan dianalisis dan persempadanan semula model kerana pertempuran berlaku. Selain daripada itu, Program Analisis Setiap Jam (HAP) boleh menganalisis beban haba melalui jam masa dan boleh menentukan keuntungan habamaksimum mengikut struktur dan orientasi dari bilik. Hasil beban haba bagi setiap bilik boleh membuat keputusan Unit Pengendalian Air yang paling sesuai (AHU) bagi bangunan itu. Sistem paip terdiri daripada dua bahagian yang air sejukdan memadam kebakaran. Pam untuk setiap sistem boleh ditentukanmelalui pengiraan dan dua keperluan utama untuk saiz pam adalah kadar aliran dan tekanan. Kehilangan geseran dan kepala statik adalah beberapa faktor yang perlu dipertimbangkan dalam pengiraan. Terdapat peningkatan. yang telah dibuat untuk membantu syarikat ini untuk hasil.yang lebih baik dalam mereka bentuk dan membuat analisis sistem mekanikal. Pemodelan 3D boleh dipantau untuk mengenalpasti pertembungan berlaku antara sistem mekanikal. Keputusan daripada analisis membawa kepada membuat penambahbaikan dalam pemodelan sebelum meneruskan ke tapak pembinaan. Analisis beban haba yang dij alankan di · Revit ·• memberikan hasil yang lebih baik untuk. sistem penyejukan.Beban haba maksimum eli hotel tersebut ditenentukan dalam analisis ini. Kadar aliran dan tekanan untuk pam telah dikira mengikut faktor dan keperluan yang. diperlukan melalui penyelidikanyang telah dilakukan.

iii

ABSTRACT

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is widely used in designing, simulation and analyzing the model structure of a building. This help the architects, civil engineers, mechanical and electrical engineers and etc.· to overview the. building modelling l:)efore proceed to the construction. Mechanical systems in· the building are one of the most critical part in construction which involves in plumbing and HV AC systems. Tham Zamin Bersekutu Consultant is the company that responsible for the installation of the mechanical systems. Basically this company drafted the mechanical systems in 2D drawing and problems occurred at the construction site due to clashes between the systems. Autodesk Revit software solved· this clashes problem .bY modelling. the mechanical systems in 3D for the three~ storey building and analyzed the clashes between the systems. To determine the coolingsystemin thebuilding, engineers in this company calculated it manually and this method take a longer period to complete. Heat load analysis can. be conducted in Revit that could overcome this problem. Pumps are responsible to enhance the water supply throughout the building and the size of the pumps in this building need to be calculated as well. The complete mechanical systems 3D modelling will be analyzed and redrawing the modelling due to the clashes occur. Other than that, Hourly Analysis Program (HAP) can analyze the heat gain through time hours andean determine the maximum heat gain according to the structure and orientation of the room. The result of the heat gain for each rooms can decide the suitable Air Handling Unit (AHU) for the building. The plumbing systems consists of two parts which are cold water .and firefighting. The pumps for each systems can be decided throughthe calculation and two main requiiements for the pump sizing are flow rate and pressure. Friction loss and head static are some of the factors need to be considered duiing the calc11lation. There are improvem~nts have been mad.e to assist this company for a better . results .in designing and make analysis. of the mechanical systems. The 3D modelling can monitoredto identify the clashes occur between the mechanical systems. The results .from

. the analysis .lead to make. the improvements in the modelling before proceed . to the construction site: Heat load analysis conducted in Revit give a better result for the cooling

. ·· system$; The maximum heat g~in in selected rooms were determine in this ·analysis~ The flow·rate and pressUI"e for thepllillps have been calculated ·according to the factors and

· requ~re¢ents net(<i~4-~?~g;h, resjearcht}J:at ·have been done. .

iv

TABLE OF CONTENT

DECLARATION

TITLE PAGE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ABSTRAK

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF SYMBOLS

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

1.3 PROJECT OBJECTIVE

1.4 PROJECT SCOPE

1.5 THESIS ORGANIZATION

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 INTRODUCTION

2.2 MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL AND PLUMBING{MEP)

2.3 REVIT MEP

2.4 DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM DESIGN

v

ii

iii

iv

v

viii

X

xii

xiii

1

1

3

4

4

6

7

8

9

10

I 2.5 WATER STORAGE TANK DESIGN 12 I

j

2.6 PUMP SIZING (SUCTION AND BOOSTER PUMP) 13

2.6.1 FRICTION LOSS, Hf 14

2.6.2 LOADING UNITS (LU) 18

2.7 HOSEREEL SYSTEM 21

2.7.1 HOSE REEL 21

2.7.2 HOSE REEL PUMP 22

2.7.3 HOSE REEL TANKS 22

2.8 PIPE MATERIALS 23

2.8.1 CONCRETE AND CERAMIC PIPES 24

2.8.2 PLASTIC PIPES 24

2.8.3 METAL PIPES 24

2.8.4 STAINLESS STEEL PIPES 24

2.9 AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM 25

2.9.1 BUILDING SURVEY AND LOAD ESTIMATE 25

2.9.2 HOURLY ANALYSIS PROGRAM (HAP) 28

2.10 SUMMARY 28

CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 30

3.1 INTRODUCTION 30

3.1.1 PROCESS FLOW EXPLAINATION 32

3.2 3D MODELLING 33

3.2.1 FIRE FIGHTING DRAWING 33

3.2.2 COLDWATERDRAWING 35

3.2.3 HV AC DRAWING 37

3.2.4 COMBINE DRAWING (ALL MECHANICAL SYSTEMS) 39

vi

3.3 CLASH ANALYSIS

3.4 COLD WATER CALCULATION

3.4.1 DAILY WATER DEMAND AND WATER TANK

PROVIDED

3.4.2 SUCTION PUMP SIZING

3A.3 BOOSTER PUMP SIZING

3:5 FIRE_ FIGHTING

3.5;1 HOSE REEL PUMP CALCULATION

3.6 . HOURLY ANALYSIS PROGRAMM

CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 INTRODUCTION

4.2 CLASH ANALYSIS

4.2.1 MODIFICATION OF THE MECHANICAL SYSTEMS 3D·

MODELLING

43 HOURLY ANALYSIS PROGRAM (HAP)

> ., ,.

CIIAPTER 5 CONCLUSION

s.1 coNttu5aoN-

>. '' ' .. ' • .' ~ " • • • •

' .

APPENDIX:D~PUTDATA2 ·,_.. : ·: .. : . . ' .. · ·.·.·

. . '- ·. . .·

APPEND~E INPUT DATA 3 vii ..

40

44

44

45

49

55

55

.-57

59

59

59

67

73

87

89

Table 2.1

Table 2.2

Table2.3

Table 2.4

Table 2.5

Table 2.6

Table 3.1

Table 3.2

·Table3~3

Table 3.4

Table 3.5

Table 3.6

Table 4.1

Table4.3

Table4.4

LIST OF TABLES

Capacity of water that used in one day's

Flow velocity coeffic:ients for various type pipes

(for straight pipe)

Equivalentlength of straight pipe in meters for calCulating

friction loss

Loading units (hotor cold supply) . .

The supply requirement for com:mon fixtures

Advantages and disadvantages of different type ofpipes

Water tank design and sizing

Total length of pipe for suction pump

Total loading units (LU)

Flow rate at the furt:he~t location on 2nd floor

Total friction loss

Total length ofpipe for hose reel pump

Clashes occur betwetmp)Uffibingand plumbing systems·

Clashes oectir petween·HVAC .and•HVAC·.systettts .. ' .. . . . .· ' . · ..

. .

Analysis resultf.ortheroomon the ground floor

Analysis result for;th~ toofn on the lst tlw>r · • .. 7.

· table 4.5 . . · ·Afi~tysis r:esulftor the r~6hl o~ihe'·2~a~6br•··<

· Table 7.1 . ..· .. Ceiling and Floor area of the tool1l(m2) .. ·

Table 7.2

Table.7.3

Table 7.4

Table 7;5

Fresh air intake

·. Infiltration ventilation

Operating time for internal heat gain schedule (%) . viii

12

16

17

18

19

23

44

46

50

52

53

56

60-65

.·. 66

74

84.

Table 7.6 Ceiling and Floor area of the room (m2) 86

Table 7.7 Structure area on the structure of the room 86

Table 7.8 Fresh air intake 86

Table 7.9 Infiltration ventilation 86

Table 7.10 Operating time for internal heat gain schedule (%) 86

Table 7.11 Ceiling and Floor area of the room (m2) 88

Table 7.12 Structure area on the structure of the room 88

Table 7.13 Fresh air intake 88

Table 7.14 Infiltration ventilation 88

Table 7.15 Operating time for internal heat gain schedule (%) 88

ix

Figure 2.1

Figure 2.2

Figure 2.3

Figure 2.4

LIST OF FIGURES

The components of a BIM use

Piping layout categories of MEP system

Domestic cold and hot water supply system with gravity tank

Domestic cold and hot water supply system with supply pump

and pressure tank

8

9

10

11

Figure 2.5 Schematic drawing of Total Dynamic Head (TDH) 13

Figure 2.6 Example of measured pipe length 17

Figure 2. 7 Example of loading units 19

Figure 2.8 Conversion chart-loading units to flow rate 20

Figure 2.9 Example of Hose Reel 21

Figure 3.1 Process Flow 31

Figure 3.2 Fire fighting 3D modelling (plumbing system) 33

Figure 3.3: Fire fighting 3D modelling (with building structure) 34

Figure 3.4 Fire fighting 3D modelling (side view) 34

Figure 3.5 Cold water 3D modelling (plumbing system) 35

Figure3.6 Cold water 3Dmodelling (with building structure) 36

Figure 3.7 Cold water 3D modelling (side view) 36

Figure3.8 HVAC 3D modelling (HVAC system) 37

FigUre 3.9 HV AC 3D modelling (with building structure) 38

Figure3.10 HVAC 3D modelling (side view) 38

Figure 3~11 3D modelling ofmechanical systems (with building structure) 39

Figure 3.12 3D modelling ofmechanical systems (side plan) 40

Figure 3.13 Clash analysis between pipe and pipe 41

Figure 3.14 Clash analysis between HV AC and HVAC 42 X

Figure 3.15 Clash analysis between plumbing and HVAC 43

Figure 3.16 Distance of pipe from suction tank, a to storage tank, b 46

Figure 3.17 Position of booster pump in the building 50

Figure 3.18 Point A, booster pump andpointBthe water supply to

the 2nd floor · 51

Figure 3.19 Point B, C, D,E and Fon the 2nd floor 52 . . .

Figure 3.20 Distance. p.ipe. from sucti~n pump outlet, a to the furthest

hose reel; b ·55.

Figure.4.1 Clashes occur between straight pipe and straight pipe 67

Figure 4.2 Modification of the modelling on the clash occur 68

Figure 4.3 Clashes occur between fitting ofthe pipe and straight pipe 69

Figure 4.4 Modificatio:tt of the modelling on the clash occur 69

Figure 4.5 Clashes occur between. fitting of the pipe and straightpipe · 70

Figure 4.6 Modification of the modelling on the clash occur . 71

Figure4.7 Clashesoccurbetwee11btanch du9tand supply diffuser duct 72

Figure 4.8 Modification of th~ modelling on the clash. occur· 72 .

Figure7.1

.··Figure 1:2

xi

LIST OF SYMBOLS

Ht PumpHead

Hst Static head

Ilj Head loss due to friction

1 Hydraulic gradient

L Total length of pipe

·Q Flow rate

. C Flow velocity coefficient

D Pipe diameter

xii

BIM

CAD

MEP

HVAC

LHDN

AHU

TDH

LU

HAP

BTU

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Building Information Modelling

Computer Aided Design

Mechanical, electrical and plumbing

Heating, ventilation and air conditioning

Lembaga Hasil Dalam N egeri

Air Handling Unit

Total dynamic head

Loading units

Hour analysis program

British thermal unit

xiii

CHAPTER!

INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

BIM is an acronym for Building Information Modelling and has been defined as

"Computer Aided Design (CAD) paradigm" producing a set of interacting policies,

processes and technologies generating a methodology to manage the essential building

design and project data in digital formatthroughout the building's life-cycle [1]. Most of

the people think that BIM is just another (CAD) program but it actually goes beyond that.

In fact it goes well beyond software alone because it is shaping the design process itself.

The best way to sum it up is BIM is an architectural process of Virtual Design and

Construction that through the heavy use of technology integrates and connects

information with the virtual model. As the model is being created, team members are

constantly refining and adjusting their portions according to project specifications and

design changes to ensure the model is asaccurate as possible before the project physically

breaks ground [2]. HIM helps some of people working under constructiorr site to

understand a building through the. use of a digitaLmodel· which draws on a range .ofdata

assembled collaboratively. All of the information regarded to the every component of a

building will be combined together in one place by using BIM. Revit, Microstation,

Tekla, etc. are examples ofBIM softwarethat.commanly used bythe design team on a

project to construct a 3D model and bydoing this virtually with it cari show all the

systems such as architectural, structural, mechanical, electrical, etc. Nowdays BIM

software usually used by individuals, businesses and goverment agencies who plan,

design, construct, operate and maintain diverse physical infrastructures, such as water,

refuse, electricity, gas, communicationutilities,roads, bridges, ports, tuJ1llels, etc.

1

With a shared model in BIM software, there is less need for rework and

duplication of drawings for the different requirements of building disciplines. The

information that contains in the model have more information than a drawing set,

allowing each discipline to annota~e and connect their intelligence to the project [ 4]. HIM

drawing tools are faster than 2D drawingtoolsand each object is connectedto a database

·· [3]. This software can do much more of the analysis and modeling to achieve peak

performance, condensing knowledge and rules into a service.

In order to constrlict a building, m~chanical, electrical ~d plumbing (MEP)

systems are also importapt in this field other than architecture, structure, etc. In

mechanical systems which more focuses on infrastuctured, plant and machinery, tools

and components, heatingandventilatiori and many else elements that related to it [5].

While in electrical systems might include power supply and distribution,

telecommunications, computing instruments, control system, etc. The plumbing aspect

focuses on the delivery of water and draining of waste water. Basically MEP is a t)!pe of

engineering that focuses ~n the disciplines needed t(). build safe,. working· structures for

hul.Tian use and occupation. Inll'lechanicai part h~ating, ventilation and air conditioning

(IIVAC) is responsible for the installation and maintenance of air conditioning, heating

and· yentilation ··and it means. changing filters and installing furnaces, along with air

co11ditioners. [ 6] .·For some cases, BIM manage to handle tasks such a8 smoke control and

exhaust. For the electrical part~ .it fo~uses on switches, lighting, fire alarms, security . . . .

··· systems, as well as lightmgprotection. The plumbing part also handles fire suppression

.• ,;;sy~t~ms.and. &torin pipesystenrs,ias well as gas delivery·systems in medical'arid•iabotacy

settings [6]: . . . -

· ··•·•.•.··· ••. !3~~*'g:B~S.,~~\l.~~~~f~O<ClJtS.Wiitm~Ji¥eptsg£(nff<=!. : 'rri~delSo¢6upy the same.spabe.'F~~·&«ectiv~ identification, .·inspection arid 'repbri;ing of

·· ... ~i~t¢rferences in a project lfi{)d~l Wii{Be ea8e with the help of6la~h detection .. Basically· ..•.

. . by using clash ~etection 'ltA~~ill}"~dices'tlie fisk. ofhtunarierror durlng. roodef inspections·

hhd used fm cheddng eithertol\l~leted or dngoing project In. some cases dash detection·

;tllightbenecessarybecahs~ se:Vera(ln;de~ (strlictural, MEP, ·etc;} areintergrated into·

()lie main BJM model [7]. Cl~sh d¢tection somehow help to preyent mistakes which

2

normally would have been discover on the site and now it can be done in the office before

step into the construction site.

A heat load calculation is a mathematical method of determining exactly how

much heating is needed to keep a home or other structure at the indoor temperature level

its occupants prefer [21]. Basically, all structureshave a heat load and a corresponding

cooling load that is based on structural characteristics ofthe building, steps that have been

taken to increase the sructure's energy efficiency, and the comfort preferences of the

people who will spend their time in the building [6]. To do an extensive on-site

inspections of an existing building or evaluation of plans for proposed construction a heat

load calculation need to be conducted.

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Previously after architects have completed the drawing of a building, MEP

engineers will take over the project to design mechanical systems that need to be install

in the building. Drawing that have been given to the MEP engineers was in 2D drawing

and mechanical systems design will also conducted in 2D drawing. However it will give

difficulties to the contractors and several problems occured during the construction of a

building. This will effect the time required to fmish construct the building and will

increase the cost.

Tham Zamin Bersekutu consultant which responsible in designing the mechanical

and electrical (M&E) systems in the building received a2D drawing ofthe building from

the architects. Currently a three-storey building which is Lembaga Hasil Dalam Negeri

(LHDN) is conducted by this company. HVAC, frre fighting and cold waterwhich are

parts iri the mechanical syst~mhave been draw in2D drawing by the MEP designers here

and this 2D drawing need to be converted into 3D drawing by using BIM software.

HVAC involve in designing for the air conditioning systems of the building while fire

fighting and cold water are involves in designing the plumbing systems.

Clash between the mechanical parts always occured after completed the drawing.

These clashes between the mechanical systems need to be detected and redraw the

3

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7}

.[9J.

REFERENCES

Succar, B. 2009. Building information modelling framework: a research and delivery foundation for industry skateholders, Automation in Construction,

18 (3), 357-375.

CarqlOna, J. and lrwih, K. 2007. 'BIM: Who, What, How and Why\

Building Operating Management, October 2007.

. . . . ·Matt Ball. ··2014.-_ Building-Information Modelling for the Win: Top 10

Ben(;!fits of BIM (oJ,lline). https://redshift.autodeskcomlbliilding- . . inforn:l_ation.;modeling-top-10-benefitS-:-of-bim/ (18 November 2016). .

Yusuf Arayici, Charles Egbu and Paul Coates. 2012. Building information .

modelling (BIM)implenientation and remote construction projects: Issues, challengesand critiques. Journal of Information Technology in Construction

(ITcon), Vol.l7, (2012), pg. 75-92.~

Designing Buildings Wiki. 2016. Mechanical, electrical and plumbing MEP (online ).https:/ /www .designingbuildings~co.uk/wiki/Mechanical,_ electrica ·

Land __plumbihg_MEP{20 November 2016).·

Don Bokmiller; Simon Whitbread and Plamen Hristov. 2014. Mastering

Autode;S'k .Revit MEP20 14. Canada: John Wiley & Sons. . .

Wlf JMt<tr. 201 a.W'h3t w ,rasll4#ectron &h()W'.does aiM help? <on!iJle}.i httPs://ttlebi~ub.com/20 16/03/07 /what-clash-detecti~n-:-how-d~es.,bim~· . · helpl#.WK.r6gxr~vN(5 DecemQet 2016), .· .. . .

. •~'~lfi~t:~l~~:~~t~~&g~~? .Doo~oer.zor6).

'"···

.;·-.--"~=-~_\_:~·:._·.--_; __ -·--·--r-<·-~~-:·:_:._ . ,·_·: ... ··_ ~-- __ :.. . -~ ·": ·-·. ··_.·· ... _ .·: .:· .. _ .. · .. ·· ·: IV~ige~,-~alpl1 G. and:Messner,John I. 201J.The Uses ofBIM:Classifying and;Sele9tlJ}g ~J¥Uses,Ve~sion 0~9, September, The Pennsylvania State.-..

·•Uiiivet~lty~ ulliv~sity Park;_ PA, USA. htttp://l)im.psu:edu~

80

· [10] Sy-Jye Guo, Chi-Su Tai, and Hsiao-Ching Chen. (2013), The Application Of MEP Systems Installation For Interface Integration In Building Construction, JournalofMarine Science and Technology, VoL 21, No. 1, pp; 15-23 (2013).

[11]

. {12]

The Engineering Toolbox. Design of Domestic Service Water Supply Systems~Introd~ction.to general. design of domestic service water. supply systems with pressurized or gravity tanks (onl~ne).

· http://www.engineeringtoolbo:X.com/water-supply~systems~d_4 77 .html . (22DeceJ1lber2016).

,, . ,

IR Gary Lim. 2011. 1)€;sig11 concepts of plumbing & SWV .systems . Malaysia: The fusHtution of Engineer$ Malaysia.

[l3] A.AAtoyebi, B.O Akinnuli and J.A Ajobo. 2015. TotalDynamic Head Determination Model·for Submersible Pumps Installation, International Journal Qj Appliec18ciel:zce ·and Technology, Vol. 5, No. 1; F ebruar)r 2015. pg 95-102,

. ' .· ·,. . .· '

[14] EBARA References. Calculating Pump Head~ Calculating Fnction Losses (online).http://www .eb¥a.com~my/pic!EPM!upload/20 120210 145802_ eps g%20ref.pdf (5January2017):

Chapter .. 5: ··.Pipe·. Slze .. ··. 20Q8.· Determine. the effective pipe length. HAC--C05.qxd 7/24/089;35Pag~ l77l'-l93.

,·· ·. . . . ,. . ..

·· ·• · Th~·En~eerlnKToolbo~.··.~tit1Jre ·water.req1lifenients-w~t~r ... outlef•deiliana . ·. (on1ine).http:I/:Www:en,gineerin.gtoolbox.com/fixtQre:-.water:.capaci~y;. ·.

d,755Jitml (6 January20I7). . · · · · --- ;-:-··. -.· ,·· ""'

.. :··_ ... ' ·.>-~'~ _,_

.•• ·j~~:~~~~~·~~~ffu1~=,~~: ··.FJI~ P&niCio•ll•¢;fa. B~tilings~~or··qotd •. \Vater s~tY,•Instituto .

,· ... Supedpr •. Tec11ico, Universida.de :l'ecnic.a·:4e Ljs~oa ..• ilipe.b~pfist;i@ist~utLpt

·SOLAS •...... ·Fuithe; .. Education .... abd· .. •Trainirig··.·Authorit;~ .. and·· Fiubar· .. ··Smith; (2014)~ Pipe Processes, UNIT: 1, Piping ¥aterials. ~evision. 2;0, September 2014 .. PMel-21

81

[21] Mr. Mohammed Dilawar, Mr. M;Chakrapani and Orugonda Ravali. (2015), Design Of Air Conditioning System by Using HAP (Hourly Analysis Program), International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR), Volume 4, Issue 7, July 2015.

82