building materials civil 1st sem
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: building materials civil 1st sem](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062420/55cb9dfcbb61eb030d8b4768/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Silver oak college of engineering and
technology
![Page 2: building materials civil 1st sem](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062420/55cb9dfcbb61eb030d8b4768/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Topic- building materials Prepared by
:-
1.Prajapati Narendrakumar ME-D-237
![Page 3: building materials civil 1st sem](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062420/55cb9dfcbb61eb030d8b4768/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Introduction Selection of right material is an important problem which an engineer has to face. The basic concern of a civil engineer is design, construction ,supervision and maintenance of different types of structures such as buildings bridges canals road etc. hence he/she most have thorough knowledge of nature and behavior of material. A key element field practice is to deal with type of material. Selection of material depends upon their properties in relation to intend use. Also overall economy of material should be considered. a study of these aspects of material and their application in construction is very important for an civil engineer.
![Page 4: building materials civil 1st sem](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062420/55cb9dfcbb61eb030d8b4768/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Types of building materials:-StonebrickLimeCementTimberSand Aggregates MortarConcrete Bitumen
![Page 5: building materials civil 1st sem](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062420/55cb9dfcbb61eb030d8b4768/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
StoneClassification of stone
![Page 6: building materials civil 1st sem](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062420/55cb9dfcbb61eb030d8b4768/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Use of stoneThe stones are used for foundation columns ,wall ,lintel ,arches , floats, damp -proof , courses , cornices, And copings , sills ,etc.The stone are used for give massive appearance The stone are used for heavy engineering works such as dams ,docks , bridges.The stone are used for paving of road foot -paths etc.The stone are also used for the railway track ballast as a roofing material in the form of slatesEtc.
![Page 7: building materials civil 1st sem](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062420/55cb9dfcbb61eb030d8b4768/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Bricks Introduction
Bricks are manufactured by moulding clay in rectangular blocks of uniform predermine size , drying them and then burning them in klin.
![Page 8: building materials civil 1st sem](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062420/55cb9dfcbb61eb030d8b4768/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Composite of good brick earth
Composite
Alumina -20 to 30%Silica-50 to 60%Lime -4 to 6%Iron oxide- 4 to 6%Magnesium- a small quantity
![Page 9: building materials civil 1st sem](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062420/55cb9dfcbb61eb030d8b4768/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Types of bricks:-1.Traditional brick:- size-23cm*11.4cm*7.6cm
2.Modular brick:- size-19cm*9cm*9cm
Classification of bricks-first class bricks
-second class bricks-third class bricks-fourth class bricks
![Page 10: building materials civil 1st sem](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062420/55cb9dfcbb61eb030d8b4768/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Lime Introduction
Lime is an important cementing material use in engineer construction. A cement material may be defined as that material which has the capacity of holding structural unit together with sufficient strength. When it is mixed sand and water, the mixture is called lime mortar and is used to bind bricks and stones in wall of building and plaster of walls. when it is mixed with sand ,coarse aggregartes and water the mixture is called lime concreate and is used as filler material of foundation and base coarse for flooring etc.
![Page 11: building materials civil 1st sem](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062420/55cb9dfcbb61eb030d8b4768/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Classification of lime
Fat lime Hydraulic lime1.Eminently hydraulic lime2.Moderately hydraulic lime 3.Poorly hydraulic limePoor lime
Use of lime- 1. Fat lime is used in whitewashing and plastering
walls 2. Hydraulic lime is used for preparing mortar for
thick walls and damp places etc.3. Poor lime is some time used in inferior works
![Page 12: building materials civil 1st sem](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062420/55cb9dfcbb61eb030d8b4768/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
cement
Cement is binding material. It is most important engineering materials of civil engineering. In almost all types of civil engineering works cement is used. The ordinary cement which we commonly use is known as portland cement. Cement is generally divided in two type 1.natural cement2.artificial cement
![Page 13: building materials civil 1st sem](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062420/55cb9dfcbb61eb030d8b4768/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Types of cement
1. Quick setting cement 10.pozzolana cement
2. Rapid hardening cement 11.hydrophobic cement
3. High alumina cement 12.water proofing cement
4. Blast furnace cement 13.acid resistance cement
5. Low heat cement6. White cement7. Coloured cement8. Sulphate cement9. Expanding cement
![Page 14: building materials civil 1st sem](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062420/55cb9dfcbb61eb030d8b4768/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Grades of cement33grade cement43grade cement53grade cement
Properties of cementPhysical propertiesMechanical propertiesChemical properties
![Page 15: building materials civil 1st sem](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062420/55cb9dfcbb61eb030d8b4768/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Timber Timber is one of the oldest structural material used by men. Timber has been used in a variety Of ways in building construction, bridge construction , In tunnel ,and many other engineering activities. It has been extensively use as beams ,columns ,and plates in construction in variety of situations ,such as , foundation ,flooring , stairs and roofing.
![Page 16: building materials civil 1st sem](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062420/55cb9dfcbb61eb030d8b4768/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Structure of tree i. Pithii. Heart woodiii.Sap wood iv. Cambium layerv. Medullary raysvi. Bark
![Page 17: building materials civil 1st sem](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062420/55cb9dfcbb61eb030d8b4768/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Common market forms of timber :-i. Logs
ii. Baulkiii. Postiv. Dealv. Plank vi. Battenvii. Scantlings
Industrial timber i. Veneersii. Plywoodsiii. Fibre boardiv. Impreg timberv. Compreg timbervi. Laminated timber
![Page 18: building materials civil 1st sem](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062420/55cb9dfcbb61eb030d8b4768/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Sand Sand is an important material material. It consists of small rounded or angular grains of silica sio2 and is formed by the decomposition or disintegration of sand stone under the action of weather such as wind ,rain frost etc. it forms a major ingredient in concreate ,lime mortar ,cement mortar etc.
![Page 19: building materials civil 1st sem](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062420/55cb9dfcbb61eb030d8b4768/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Natural source of sand:1.Pit sand 2.River sand 3.Sea sand
Classification of sand:1.Coarse sand2.Medium sand 3.Fine sand
Function of sand in mortar 1.Strength 4.shrinkage2.Setting 5.surface area 3.Bulk
![Page 20: building materials civil 1st sem](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062420/55cb9dfcbb61eb030d8b4768/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Aggregates Aggregates are the inert materials that are mixed in fixed proportion wit cementing material to produce concrete. These act as fillers or volume increasing components on the one hand and are responsible for strength hardness and durability of the concrete on the othe hand. these aggregates are bound together by means of cement
![Page 21: building materials civil 1st sem](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062420/55cb9dfcbb61eb030d8b4768/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Uses of aggregatesAggregates are generally used to make concrete
The fine aggregates serve the purpose of filling all the open spaces in between the coarse particles , and thus by decreasing the porosity of final mass, its strength is considerably increased.For making light weight concrete , blast furnace slag is a very suitable aggregates Aggregates are used as road metal, ballast for railway sleepers , etc.Lightweight aggregates are used for lightweight concrete which are used in sound proofing and heat proofing.
![Page 22: building materials civil 1st sem](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062420/55cb9dfcbb61eb030d8b4768/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Mortar The term mortar is used to indicate a paste prepared by adding a required quantities of water to a mixture of binding material like lime or cement and find aggregates like sand.
![Page 23: building materials civil 1st sem](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062420/55cb9dfcbb61eb030d8b4768/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Qualities of a good mortar The mortar mix should be easily workable.
It should set and harden quickly so that construction could be done with speed It should not develop any cracks on drying.It should be durable.It should be capable of retaining sufficient water during its application.It should be cheap and economical.It should be capable of resisting penetration of rain water
![Page 24: building materials civil 1st sem](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062420/55cb9dfcbb61eb030d8b4768/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Concrete Fresh concrete may be defined as a plastic mixture of binding materials with sand and aggregates in the presence of water. The mixture in a plastic condition when allowed to set become as hard as stone certain other material called admixtures are also added sometimes to obtain specific effect
![Page 25: building materials civil 1st sem](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062420/55cb9dfcbb61eb030d8b4768/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Bitumen Bituminous binder used in pavement construction works include both bitumen and tar. The bitumen is the binding material which is present in asphalt . It is also sometimes called the mineral tar. Bitumen is a petroleum product obtained by the distillation of petroleum crude where's road tar is obtained by the destructure distillation of coal or wood. It is chemically hydro-carbon.
![Page 26: building materials civil 1st sem](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062420/55cb9dfcbb61eb030d8b4768/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Thank you