Building Russia

• Who are some of the Russian leaders mentioned in Chapter 18?

• Why was Russia in need of reform? What was going on in Europe around 1300-1500ish?

Ivan III (The Great)

Ivan IV (The Terrible)1533-1584

boyars

Cossacks

Peter the GreatRomanov Dynasty1689-1725

Think Westernization

Vision of St. Petersburg:“The Window to the West”

“Russia’s Versailles” or“City of Bones”

Westernization of Russia

Missed the Renaissance so…

• Instituted Secular schools emphasizing math and sciences.

• Modernized the Alphabet

Missed the Reformation so…

• Reorganized the Orthodox Church, being humble he made himself head of it.

St.Basil’s Cathedral, Moscow

Social Reconstruction

“Civil” culture

• No more Beards

• Court dress code

• Smoking and Coffee

Some reforms didn’t stick, ultimately these were more of means to spread western manners and culture.

Catherine the Great1762-1796

• Think PTG• Think Expansion• Think Selective Westernization

Westernization (cont.)

Finishing the job that Peter started• Built hospitals, sanitation, schools• Addiction to building, creates layout for future

cities (the “winter” palace)However……• Westernization limited to the Elite• 95% Of Russia remains RURAL• Peasants heavily taxed (PTG too)

Modernizing Russia

Peter the Great• Created Russian Navy• St. Petersburg• Manners• Orthodox Church

Overall: Expansion oriented, brings idea of Western Culture to a Medieval Russia

Catherine the Great• Russia on local level• New buildings• Selective Westernizer

Overall: Worked mainly with Russia on local levels, improving what already existed

More Appearance than Substance?