buildings sector bottom-up load modeling … · la100 | 2 session goals 1.become familiar with...
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Buildings Sector Bottom-up Load ModelingEric WilsonAdvisory Group Meeting, June 13, 2019
LA100 | 2
Session Goals
1. Become familiar with methodology for buildings sector load modeling
2. Review buildings electrification and efficiency load projections
3. Review sample results
LA100 | 3
Definition of Buildings Sector Load
For today’s presentation:
Included• Residential buildings• Commercial buildings
Not included• Distributed solar PV• Electric vehicle charging• Demand response• Industry/special loads
LA100 | 4
Context: How does load modeling fit in?
Input ModelsMain Scenario Model
Output/ Validation Models
Output Models
Iteration
Buildings load impacts all downstream models
LA100 | 5
Building Stock Simulation
LA100 | 6
Highly granular modeling of local, regional, and national building stocks
Building stock characteristics
database
Physics-basedcomputer modeling
High-performance computing
++
LA100 | 7
EIA Res/Com Energy Consumption Survey NAHB Homebuilder SurveysIECC Historical Energy CodesOther national, regional, and local audit databases
Census Data
Climate Locations
Costs
BuildingCharacteristics
Census American Community Survey (ACS)
EIA Electricity and fuel costsNREL OpenEI.org Utility Rate DatabaseNREL/Navigant Measure Cost Database
NREL TMY3 weather data
Building stock characteristics
database
Physics-basedcomputer modeling
High-performance computing
++
LA100 | 8
Los Angeles City/County
• Los Angeles Region Imagery Acquisition Consortium (LAR-IAC)
• LA County GIS Data Portal - various
• Los Angeles County Assessors Database
• LA DBS Existing Buildings Energy & Water Efficiency Program’
• Dodge Data and Analytics – Metropolitan Construction Insight
California (filtered to LA/DWP when possible)
• California Title 24 (current and historical building energy codes)
• California Database for Energy Efficiency Resources (DEER)
• California End Use Survey (CEUS)
• California Commercial Saturation Survey - Report for the California Public Utilities Commission
• 2009 California Residential Appliance Saturation Study (RASS), 2012 California Lighting and Appliance Saturation Survey (CLASS)
• Report on Complete Schools & 2015 Student Audit - California Department of Education
• California Department of Finance Population Projections for LA County
• Weather data from multiple weather stations covering LA microclimates
Customization for Los Angeles
LA100 | 9
Detailed sub-hourly energy simulations
OpenStudio
EnergyPlus
U.S. DOE Tools
Building stock characteristics
database
Physics-basedcomputer modeling
High-performance computing
++
LA100 | 10
Building stock characteristics
database
Physics-basedcomputer modeling
High-performance computing
++
LA100 | 11
Building stock characteristics
database
Physics-basedcomputer modeling
High-performance computing
++
Res + Com baseline sims: 75,000x 7 five-year projections (2020–2050)x 4 load projections (reference, moderate, high, stress)
Total simulations = 2,100,000
LA100 | 12
Building stock characteristics
database
Physics-basedcomputer modeling
High-performance computing
++
Running simulations on a laptop would take 20 years!
Res + Com baseline sims: 75,000x 7 five-year projections (2020–2050)x 4 load projections (reference, moderate, high, stress)
Total simulations = 2,100,000
LA100 | 13
Buildings Sector Load Projections
+ +Growth Electrification Efficiency
LA100 | 14
Load Projection Design Philosophy
• Load projections cover a range of outcomes:reference, moderate, high, stress
• Outcomes used to back-castelectrification and efficiency adoption rates
• Outcomes are independent of market context and policy implementation (e.g., prices or incentives)
LA100 | 15
LA100 Scenarios
SB100 LA-Leads TransmissionRenaissance
High Distributed
Energy Future
Emissions Free
High Load Stress
LoadModern-ization
WesternInitiatives
LoadEnergy Efficiency Reference High Moderate High Moderate Reference High Moderate
Demand Response Reference High Moderate High Moderate Reference High Moderate
Electrification Reference High Moderate High Moderate High High Moderate
How Each Scenario Characterizes Load
R M M MH H HFor all but one LA 100 scenario, the three dimensions vary together:
• Reference• Moderate• High
The name indicates the level of energy efficiency, electrification, and demand response.
LA100 | 16
How Each Scenario Characterizes Load
For all but one LA 100 scenario, the three dimensions vary together:• Reference• Moderate• High
The name indicates the level of energy efficiency, electrification, and demand response.
The “High Load Stress” scenario uses a fourth load projection:• Stress (combines High electrification and Reference efficiency)
LA100 Scenarios
SB100 LA-Leads TransmissionRenaissance
High Distributed
Energy Future
Emissions Free
High Load Stress
LoadModern-ization
WesternInitiatives
LoadEnergy Efficiency Reference High Moderate High Moderate Reference High Moderate
Demand Response Reference High Moderate High Moderate Reference High Moderate
Electrification Reference High Moderate High Moderate High High Moderate
R M M MH H HS
LA100 | 17
Buildings Sector Load ProjectionsProjection Name Residential Buildings Commercial Buildings
ReferenceElectrification Low electrification (matches SLTRP1 projections)
Efficiency Designed to match 2017 SLTRP 10-year efficiency goals
ModerateElectrification Low-hanging fruit electrification
EfficiencySales shares distributed across available efficiency levels
Moderate adoption of above-code efficiency levels(80% adoption of Title 243 code 5 yrs ahead of schedule)
High2Electrification 100% electric sales share by 2030
100% electric homes by 2050100% electric sales by 2030 (HVAC and water heating)100% electric buildings by 2050 (almost)
Efficiency 100% sales share of highest efficiency levels (currently available technology)
Substantial adoption of above-code efficiency levels(70% adopt est. Title 24 code 15 yrs ahead of schedule)
1 SLTRP = 2017 Final Power Strategic Long-Term Resource Plan2 High projection is based on our interpretation of of LA’s Green New
Deal Sustainable City pLAn 2019 (100% net zero carbon buildings by 2050; energy use intensity reduced by 44% by 2050)
3 LA100 estimates projections of Title 24 (California’s Building Energy Efficiency Standards) for 2022–2050
• All projections use the same building stock growth assumption• All projections assume natural turnover of equipment using standard
lifetimes and commercial renovation rates (no early replacements)• All projections use the same weather (2012)
LA100 | 18
Buildings Sector Load ProjectionsProjection Name Residential Buildings Commercial Buildings
ReferenceElectrification Low electrification (matches SLTRP1 projections)
Efficiency Designed to match 2017 SLTRP 10-year efficiency goals
ModerateElectrification Low-hanging fruit electrification
EfficiencySales shares distributed across available efficiency levels
Moderate adoption of above-code efficiency levels(80% adoption of Title 243 code 5 yrs ahead of schedule)
High2Electrification 100% electric sales share by 2030
100% electric homes by 2050100% electric sales by 2030 (HVAC and water heating)100% electric buildings by 2050 (almost)
Efficiency 100% sales share of highest efficiency levels (currently available technology)
Substantial adoption of above-code efficiency levels(70% adopt est. Title 24 code 15 yrs ahead of schedule)
StressElectrification High electrification
Efficiency Reference efficiency
1 SLTRP = 2017 Final Power Strategic Long-Term Resource Plan2 High projection is based on our interpretation of of LA’s Green New
Deal Sustainable City pLAn 2019 (100% net zero carbon buildings by 2050; energy use intensity reduced by 44% by 2050)
3 LA100 estimates projections of Title 24 (California’s Building Energy Efficiency Standards) for 2022–2050
• All projections use the same building stock growth assumption• All projections assume natural turnover of equipment using standard
lifetimes and commercial renovation rates (no early replacements)• All projections use the same weather (2012)
LA100 | 19
Building Stock GrowthProjections
LA100 | 20
Residential Building Stock Growth Projections• Using projections from California Department of Finance• Demolitions and new construction modeled by vintage and building type• Growth held constant across all load projection cases
Vintages Building Types
Multifamily grows by ~300,000 units
LA100 | 21
Commercial Building Stock Growth Projections• Using projections through 2022 from Dodge Data and Analytics – Metropolitan Construction Insight• Growth held constant across all scenarios
Largest growth in Education, Hotels, Healthcare, and Other
LA100 | 22
ElectrificationAdoption Projections
LA100 | 23
Which end usesare most important for buildings electrification?
Commerical Residential
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Consumption(TBtu/yr)
Waterheating
Waterheating
Heating
Heating
Cooling
Cooling
Ventilation
Lighting
Lighting
Misc.
Misc.
Majorappliances
Pools/spas
Refrigeration
Enduse
Refrigeration
Pools/spas
Majorappliances
Misc.
Lighting
Ventilation
Cooling
Heating
Waterheating
Mod
eled
201
5
LA100 | 24
Commerical Residential
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Consumption(TBtu/yr)
Majorappliances-Electricity
Ventilation-Electricity
Lighting-Electricity
Cooling-Electricity
Cooling-Electricity
Misc.-Electricity
Misc.-Electricity Majorappliances-Naturalgas
Waterheating-Naturalgas
Waterheating-Naturalgas
Pools/spas-Naturalgas
Heating-Naturalgas
Heating-Naturalgas
Misc.-Naturalgas
Misc.-Naturalgas
Enduse
Refrigeration
Pools/spas
Majorappliances
Misc.
Lighting
Ventilation
Cooling
Heating
Waterheating
HighlightFuel
Highlighting"Naturalgas"Which end uses are most important for buildings electrification?
Mod
eled
201
5
LA100 | 25
Residential Water Heaters
Equipment Sales Installed Stock
100% electric water heating by 2030
Natural gas
Electric
Natural gas
ElectricElectric
Natural gas
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
Other FuelPropaneNatural GasElectricity
Water Heaters
Year
Sales
Reference Moderate Electrification High Electrification
Natural gas
Electric
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
Other FuelPropaneNatural GasElectricity
Water Heaters
Year
Installed Stock
Reference Moderate Electrification High Electrification
Natural gas
Electric
LA100 | 26
Efficiency Adoption Projections
LA100 | 27
Residential Air Conditioning2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100% MSHP, SEER 33.1, 13.5 HSPF, ENERGY STAR Most Efficient
ASHP, SEER 26.1, 11.0 HSPF, ENERGY STAR Most Efficient
ASHP, SEER 14, 8.2 HSPF
ASHP, SEER 13, 7.7 HSPF
ASHP, SEER 10, 6.2 HSPF
Room AC, EER 10.7
Room AC, EER 8.5
AC, SEER 27, ENERGY STAR Most Efficient
AC, SEER 15
AC, SEER 13
AC, SEER 10
AC, SEER 8
None
Year Installed Percentage
Reference Moderate High
MSHP = Mini-split heat pump (ductless)ASHP = Air-source heat pump (ducted)Room AC = window/wall air conditionerSEER = Seasonal energy efficiency ratio (fed. min. = 14)HSPF = Heating season performance factor (fed. min. = 8.2)
Central ACs
No AC
Room ACs Heat Pumps
(also includes small amount of centralized cooling in large multifamily buildings)
Large increase in fraction of homes with heat pumps
LA100 | 28
Commercial HVAC Efficiency
Historic and projected1
Title 24 HVAC efficiency
1 LA100 estimates projections of Title 24 (California’s Building Energy Efficiency Standards) for 2022–2050
Analysis does not quantify incentives or other mechanisms that would drive these levels of beyond code adoption
Moderate Efficiency High EfficiencyReference Efficiency
Average projected installed code is 2030
Average projected installed code is 2045
LA100 | 29
Sample Results
LA100 | 30
Complete:• Validation/calibration• Final Run “High” projection updated to reflect pLAn• Final Run modeling
In progress: • Processing and interpreting Final Run results
Where are we now?
LA100 | 31
What do results look like?Modeled Residential Sector load for a week in February 2015
Hot days (cooling) Milder days (heating and cooling)
LA100 | 32
January February March April May June July August Septemb.. October November December
3 9 15 21 3 9 15 21 3 9 15 21 3 9 15 21 3 9 15 21 3 9 15 21 3 9 15 21 3 9 15 21 3 9 15 21 3 9 15 21 3 9 15 21 3 9 15 21
0K
2K
4K
6K
MW
Run1ModeledLoad
Historical(2012scaled;lossesanddPVadded)
0K
500K
1000K
1500K
2000K
2500K
3000K
MWh
What have we learned? Initial Run Results vs. Reality
January February March April May June
0K
2K
4K
6K
MW
July August September October November December
2 6 10 14 18 22 2 6 10 14 18 22 2 6 10 14 18 22 2 6 10 14 18 22 2 6 10 14 18 22 2 6 10 14 18 22
0K
2K
4K
6K
MW
Run1ModeledLoad
Historical(2012scaled;lossesanddPVadded)
Hourofday
January February March April May June July August September October November December
0M
1M
2M
3M
MWh
Peaks too high
Nighttime valleys too low
January February March April May June July August Septemb.. October November December
3 9 15 21 3 9 15 21 3 9 15 21 3 9 15 21 3 9 15 21 3 9 15 21 3 9 15 21 3 9 15 21 3 9 15 21 3 9 15 21 3 9 15 21 3 9 15 21
0K
2K
4K
6K
MW
Run1ModeledLoad
Historical(2012scaled;lossesanddPVadded)
0K
500K
1000K
1500K
2000K
2500K
3000K
MWh
Monthly MWh
Average day profiles by month
LA100 | 33
Calibration and Validation
Calibration/validation data sources
• LADWP customer billing data (monthly; all customers)
• LADWP load research data (hourly; residential/commercial sectors)
• LADWP smart meter data(15-minute; subset of customers)
Monthly
Daily
Hourly
Residential validation examples
Hourly
LA100 | 34
Calibration and Validation
Calibration/validation data sources
• LADWP customer billing data (monthly; all customers)
• LADWP load research data (hourly; residential/commercial sectors)
• LADWP smart meter data(15-minute; subset of customers)
Monthly
Daily
Hourly
Residential validation examples
Hourly
LA100 | 35
Calibration and Validation
Calibration/validation data sources
• LADWP customer billing data (monthly; all customers)
• LADWP load research data (hourly; residential/commercial sectors)
• LADWP smart meter data(15-minute; subset of customers)
Monthly
Daily
Hourly
Residential validation examples
HourlyHourly -
LA100 | 36
Calibration and Validation
Calibration/validation data sources
• LADWP customer billing data (monthly; all customers)
• LADWP load research data (hourly; residential/commercial sectors)
• LADWP smart meter data(15-minute; subset of customers)
Monthly
Daily
Hourly
Residential validation examples
LA100 | 37
Initial Run Snapshot: Peak Day, Average Winter Day Profiles
Commercial
Residential
E.g., 10% higher buildings load in 2045 Stress vs. High
Peak Day
Example Initial Run results; buildings load only; Final Run results will reflect updates (e.g., pLAn)
LA100 | 38
Initial Run Snapshot: Peak Day, Average Winter Day Profiles
Commercial
Residential
Commercial
Residential
E.g., 10% higher buildings load in 2045 Stress vs. High
Example Initial Run results; buildings load only; Final Run results will reflect updates (e.g., pLAn)
Peak Day Average Winter Day
Q&A
LA100 | 40
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
Propane
Natural Gas
Electricity
Cooking Ranges
Year
Installed Stock
Reference Moderate Electrification High Electrification
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
Propane
Natural Gas
Electricity
Cooking Ranges
Year
Sales
Reference Moderate Electrification High Electrification
Residential Cooking Ranges
Installed StockSales
Natural gas
Electric
Natural gas
Electric
LA100 | 41
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
Natural Gas
Electricity
Clothes Dryers
Year
Sales
Reference Moderate Electrification High Electrification
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
Natural Gas
Electricity
Clothes Dryers
Year
Installed Stock
Reference Moderate Electrification High Electrification
Residential Clothes Dryers
Sales Installed Stock
Natural gas
Electric
Natural gas
Electric
LA100 | 42
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
Other FuelPropaneNatural GasElectricity
Space Heating
Year
Sales
Reference Moderate Electrification High Electrification
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
Other FuelPropaneNatural GasElectricity
Space Heating
Year
Installed Stock
Reference Moderate Electrification High Electrification
Residential Space Heating
Sales Installed Stock100% electric heating sales by 2030
90% electric heating by 2045
Natural gas
Electric
Natural gas
Electric
LA100 | 43
Commercial HVAC
Sales Fraction Installed Fraction100% electric heating sales by 2030
90% electric heating by 2045
Natural gas
Electric
Natural gas
Electric
LA100 | 44
Commercial Water Heaters
Sales Fraction Installed Fraction100% electric water heating sales by 2030
Natural gas
Electric
Natural gas
Electric
LA100 | 45
Growth in air conditioning
Installed FractionResidential
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100% Has AC
None
Year Installed Percentage
Reference Moderate High Stress
Installed FractionCommercial
AC
No AC
AC
No AC
More buildings have AC in High projection because of heat pumps
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1 Has AC
None
Year
Installed Fraction
Reference Moderate High Stress
LA100 | 46
Residential Lighting
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100% IncandescentCFLLED
Year Installed Percentage
Reference Moderate High
100% LED lighting by 2030
LA100 | 47
Residential Clothes Washers
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100% ENERGY STAR Most EfficientENERGY STARStandardNone
Year Installed Percentage
Reference Moderate High
LA100 | 48
Residential Dishwashers2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100% 199 Rated kWh, ENERGY STAR Most Efficient255 Rated kWh, ENERGY STAR Most Efficient270 Rated kWh, ENERGY STAR Most Efficient290 Rated kWh318 Rated kWhNone
Year Installed Percentage
Reference Moderate High
LA100 | 49
Residential Attic Insulation2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100% Ceiling R49, VentedCeiling R38, VentedCeiling R30, VentedCeiling R19, VentedCeiling R13, VentedCeiling R7, VentedUninsulated, Vented
Year Installed Percentage
Reference Moderate High
Moderately insulated attics are largely left alone
Poorly insulated or uninsulated attics are upgraded to R-38 or R-49
LA100 | 50
Residential Crawlspace Insulation
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100% Ceiling R19, VentedCeiling R13, VentedWall R10, UnventedWall R5, UnventedUninsulated, VentedNone
Year Installed Percentage
Reference Moderate High
LA100 | 51
Residential Roof Material
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100% Asphalt Shingles, White or cool colorsAsphalt Shingles, MediumMetal, MediumTile, Medium
Year Installed Percentage
Reference Moderate High
LA100 | 52
Residential Wall Insulation
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100% Wood Stud, R19Wood Stud, R15Wood Stud, R11Wood Stud, R7Wood Stud, Uninsulated
Year Installed Percentage
Reference Moderate High
LA100 | 53
Residential Infiltration
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100% 1 ACH50
2 ACH50
3 ACH50
4 ACH50
5 ACH50
6 ACH50
7 ACH50
8 ACH50
9 ACH50
10 ACH50
12 ACH50
14 ACH50
16 ACH50
18 ACH50
≥20 ACH50
Year Installed Percentage
Reference Moderate High
LA100 | 54
Residential Windows2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100% LowE, Double, ENERGY STAR Ver6 SouthCentralLowE, Double, Nonmetal, Air, LGainLowE, Double, LowGainClear, Double, Nonmetal, AirClear, Single, NonmetalClear, Double, Metal, AirClear, Single, Metal
Year Installed Percentage
Reference Moderate High
LA100 | 55
Residential Refrigerators2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100% EF 18.2, ENERGY STAR Most Efficient, Sidemounted FreezerEF 16.2, ENERGY STAR, Sidemounted FreezerEF 15.7, Sidemounted FreezerEF 10.8, Sidemounted FreezerEF 6.5, Sidemounted FreezerEF 23, ENERGY STAR Most Efficient, Topmounted FreezerEF 19, ENERGY STAR, Topmounted FreezerEF 15.9, Topmounted FreezerEF 10.5, Topmounted FreezerEF 6.9, Topmounted FreezerEF 19, ENERGY STAR Most Efficient, Bottommounted FreezerEF 16.9, ENERGY STAR, Bottommounted FreezerEF 15.9, Bottommounted FreezerEF 10.2, Bottommounted FreezerEF 6.7, Bottommounted Freezer
Year Installed Percentage
Reference Moderate High
LA100 | 56
Commercial Service Water Heating Efficiency
LA100 | 57
Commercial Envelope Efficiency
LA100 | 58
Commercial Interior Lighting Efficiency
LA100 | 59
Commercial Exterior Lighting Efficiency