by rohit bhardwaj principal software engineer [email protected] kronos inc. ieee computer society...
TRANSCRIPT
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ByRohit Bhardwaj
Principal Software [email protected]
Kronos Inc.
IEEE Computer Society and GBC/ACMJune 18th 2009
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AgendaProblem with current webLinked Data PrinciplesSemantic Web OverviewRDF and RDFaDbpediaOWLQuerying SemWeb DataSemantic Web ServicesWS-TenacityRESTConclusionReferences
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How did we get here ?
3
Mainframes
70’s and 80’s Client Server
90’s
SOA2000’s
Web 2.0
Virtualization
SaaS
Utility Computing
Cloud Computing
GRID Computing
Storage Services
Multi Tenancy
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Interoperability of data
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AgendaProblem with current webLinked Data PrinciplesSemantic Web OverviewRDF and RDFaDbpediaOWLQuerying SemWeb DataSemantic Web ServicesWS-TenacityRESTConclusionReferences
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Tim Berners Lee on the Semantic Web
People keep asking what Web 3.0 is. I think maybe when you've got an overlay of scalable vector graphics - everything rippling and folding and looking misty - on Web 2.0 and access to a semantic Web integrated across a huge space of data, you'll have access to an unbelievable data resource."– Tim Berners-Lee, 2006
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RAW data to create new Plants
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RAWDATA NOW
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Raw Data to create Eco-System
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Linked Data Principles1. Use URIs as names for things2. Use HTTP URIs so that people can look
up those names3. When someone looks up a URI, provide
useful RDF information4. Include RDF statements that link to
other URIs so that they can discover related things
Tim Berners-Lee 2007http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html
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Computer understands (RDFa) meaning of web page
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Search engines will use semantics for the pageMore accurate searches
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AgendaProblem with current webLinked Data PrinciplesSemantic Web OverviewRDF and RDFaDbpediaOWLQuerying SemWeb DataSemantic Web ServicesWS-TenacityRESTConclusionReferences
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Semantic Web “provides a common framework that allows data
to be shared and reused across application, enterprise, and community boundaries. It is a collaborative effort led by W3C (World Wide Web Consortium)…”
“Classical” Web: computers deliver documents (text, multimedia…)
Semantic Web: let computers process (interpret, combine, select, judge) and deliver information
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Semantic Web Overview
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Technologies
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AgendaProblem with current webLinked Data PrinciplesSemantic Web OverviewRDF and RDFaDbpediaOWLQuerying SemWeb DataSemantic Web ServicesWS-TenacityRESTConclusionReferences
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RDFResource Description FrameworkW3C RecommendationSpecification for a graph metamodel to
comment on web resources (or anything)Uses a triple form
Subject Object
predicate
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Subject Predicate Object
MADONNA LIKES SINGING
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CURIE: Compact URIRDF uses URI (Uniform Resource Identifier)
to define subjects and predicates.
http://www.example.org/really/really/really/long/urls/to/work/with/is /very/difficult
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Triples and N3 Notation (Graph)@prefix pref:
<http://example.org/vocabulary#> .<#madonna> <pref:likes> <#singing> .
MADONNA LIKES SINGING
Subject Predicate Object
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Vocabulary : FoaF
Britney MadonnaMadonnaKNOWS
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Creating a triple so that Browser can understand <body xmlns:foaf="http//xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"> <span about="#Britney" property="foaf:name"> Britney Spears </span> </body>
N3 notation: @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . <#Britney> foaf:name "Britney Spears" .
#Britney
Britney SpearsNAME
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Types and Relationships <body xmlns:foaf="http//xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"> <span about="#Britney" typeof="foaf:Person"> property-"foaf:name"> Britney Spears </span> <span about="#Madonna" typeof="foaf:Person"> property-"foaf:name"> Madonna </span> <span about="#Britney" typeof="foaf:knows"> resource="#Madonna"> Britney is friend of Madonna </span> </body>
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Relationship
#Britney
Britney SpearsNAME
PERSON
#Madonna
MadonnaNAME
KNOWS
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Building Semantic webWeb of triples going to blogs, sites, countries,
places, things and their relationships between news, people, movies
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RDFSRDF Schema (RDFS)– Vocabulary for RDF – taxonomies of classes andproperties, domain, range, …
:Dog rdfs:subClassOf :Animal.:Person rdfs:subClassOf :Animal.:hasChild rdfs:range :Animal;rdfs:domain :Animal.:hasSon rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasChild.:Max a :Dog.:Abel a :Person.:Adam a :Person;:hasSon :Abel.
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AgendaProblem with current webLinked Data PrinciplesSemantic Web OverviewRDF and RDFaDbpediaOWLQuerying SemWeb DataSemantic Web ServicesWS-TenacityRESTConclusionReferences
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Dbpedia Example
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dbpediaAs of November 2008[update], the DBpedia
dataset describes more than 2.6 million things, including at least 213,000 persons, 328,000 places, 57,000 music albums, 36,000 films, 20,000 companies. The dataset features labels and short abstracts for these things in 30 different languages; 609,000 links to images and 3,150,000 links to external web pages; 4,878,100 external links into other RDF datasets, 415,000 Wikipedia categories, and 75,000 YAGO categories.[1]
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Example
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Community effort to Publish existing open license datasets as
Linked Data on the WebInterlink things between different data
sourcesDevelop clients that consume Linked
Data from the Web
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Linked Data BrowsersTabulator Browser (MIT, USA)Disco Hyperdata Browser (FU Berlin, DE)OpenLink RDF Browser (OpenLink, UK)Zitgist RDF Browser (Zitgist, USA)Humboldt (HP Labs, UK)Fenfire (DERI, Irland)Marbles (FU Berlin, DE)
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Example 1http://graphs.gapminder.org/world
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Example 2http://bitmunk.com/media/6995806
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FUZZ Firefox plug-in
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FUZZ Plug-in
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OpenLink Firefox Plug-in
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Some more exampleshttp://richard.cyganiak.de/2007/10/l
od/http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/bize
r/pub/lod-datasets_2009-03-05.htmlhttp://www.openstreetmap.org/http://revyu.com/DBpedia Mobile
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AgendaProblem with current webLinked Data PrinciplesSemantic Web OverviewRDF and RDFaDbpediaOWLQuerying SemWeb DataSemantic Web ServicesWS-TenacityRESTConclusionReferences
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OWLWeb Ontology Language (OWL)W3C RecommendationDesigned to support different levels of
expression withdifferent computational requirements
OWL Lite
OWL DLOWL Full
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“Berlin” Ontology example:
Berlin local transport service
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AgendaProblem with current webLinked Data PrinciplesSemantic Web OverviewRDF and RDFaDbpediaOWLQuerying Semantic Web DataSemantic Web ServicesWS-TenacityRESTConclusionReferences
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Querying Semantic Web Data: SPARQLEmerging W3C Standard for querying RDFSPARQL Protocol and RDF Query LanguageIt has been a moving target, but various tools
are starting to support itARQ SPARQL Processor for JenaRasqal RDF query library for RedlandPellet, KAON2 OWL DL Reasoners
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SPARQLSimple Protocol and RDF Query Language– SQL like language for RDF querying
SELECT ?name ?mbox WHERE { ?x foaf:name ?name . ?x foaf:mbox ?mbox . }
– graph matching/construction– SELECT, CONSTRUCT, DESCRIBE, ASK– ORDER BY, DISTINCT, OFFSET, LIMIT• Operates on any RDF graph– i.e., including RDFS/OWL
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SPARQL DEMOhttp://demo.openlinksw.com/sparql_demo/#http://www.sparql.org/query.html
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Semantic SearchOne of the primary goals of semantic web
Not only keyword full-text searchQuery includes relations between
resourcesConnecting data: mash-up from different
sourcesWithin enterprise or enterprises
Relevant research: “semantic desktop” semantic search within data in a single
PC
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Web of Data Search EnginesSWSE (DERI, Ireland)Swoogle (UMBC, USA)
http://swoogle.umbc.edu/Falcons (IWS, China)Sindice (DERI, Ireland)Watson (Open University, UK)MicroSearch (Yahoo, Spain)
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AgendaProblem with current webLinked Data PrinciplesSemantic Web OverviewRDF and RDFaDbpediaOWLQuerying SemWeb DataSemantic Web ServicesWS-TenacityRESTConclusionReferences
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Semantic Web ServicesSemantic enrichment of Web ServicesSemantic interoperability
Special ontologies developed for the description of services: OWL-S, WSMO, …
service matchmaking to allow service discovery, composition and execution
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OWL-SOWL ontology for describing servicesOWL-S Matchmaking:
Description of input and output conditions as a concept
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AgendaProblem with current webLinked Data PrinciplesSemantic Web OverviewRDF and RDFaDbpediaOWLQuerying SemWeb DataSemantic Web ServicesWS-TenacityRESTConclusionReferences
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WS-Tenacity
SOA = WSDL + SOAP + UDDI
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WS-ComplexityReal Complexity
Hard things hardArtificial Complexity
Easy things are (still!) hard
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WS-InoperabilitySOAP
Message-oriented requestMixes verb space and content space (No
nouns!)WSDL
What You See Is What You GetUDDI
Published metadata about serviceSimultaneously complex and limited
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WS-FlexibilityIf you build it...
Amazon supports both SOAP-based and RESTful Web Services
Developers have spoken (80-90% prefer REST)
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AgendaProblem with current webLinked Data PrinciplesSemantic Web OverviewRDF and RDFaDbpediaOWLQuerying SemWeb DataSemantic Web ServicesWS-TenacityRESTConclusionReferences
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REST is HistoryREST (REpresentational State Transfer)Based largely on Roy Fielding’s Ph.D. thesisArchitectural style designed to promote
PerformanceScalabilityGeneralitySimplicityModifiability
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Separation of Concerns
HTTP://REST.BLUEOXEN.NET/CGI-BIN/WIKI.PL?RESTTRIANGLE
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Noun SpaceResources are an abstraction for what is
availableFilesGenerated ContentComputational ResultsConcepts/Organizations/People
What comes back can change over timeThink about today’s /. Page
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Verb SpaceConstrained semantics for acting upon
resourcesTraditionally
GETPOSTPUTDELETE
Allows intermediaries to apply security/caching policies
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REST Architecture
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The Web as ModelScalabilityAddressabilityBookmarkabilityEvolvable architectureSimple, Generalized ModelCoordination on the Edge (Republishability)
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Web Building BlocksStandard URI Scheme addressesDocuments, Data, Services, ConceptsLogical resolution to concrete representationStandard application protocols for
manipulationStandard metadata languages
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Scalability
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Content Negotiation
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Access Control
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Architectural Migration
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RESTful Web ServicesPutting the “Web” in Web ServicesReusing existing technologiesSimple things easy, hard thing possible
Can layer on complexity as necessaryNothing necessarily to buy
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AgendaProblem with current webLinked Data PrinciplesSemantic Web OverviewRDF and RDFaDbpediaOWLQuerying SemWeb DataSemantic Web ServicesWS-TenacityRESTConclusionReferences
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ConclusionSemantic web is futureRDFa and Ontology languages help computers
understandREST is AN AnswerFor architectural styles that support it, REST
allows systems to be simple but completePromotes separation of noun, verb and content
spaces for simplicity and extensibilitySystems built on principles of REST
demonstrate great scalabilitySome places REST is not the right answer
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Semantic Web Examples
http://simile.mit.edu/wiki/Exhibit/Examples
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Semantic Web Examples
http://simile.mit.edu/wiki/Exhibit/Examples
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Semantic Web Examples
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Questions?
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Specifications
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ReferencesRoy Fielding’s Thesis
http://tinyurl.com/cvamhOpenLink Data Explorer 0.25 for firefoxhttp://microformats.org/about/http://www.openstreetmap.org/http://rdfa.info/abouthttp://www.dataportability.org/Tabulator, Disco RDF Browser