By: By: Susan M. PojerSusan M. PojerHorace Greeley H.S. Horace Greeley H.S.

Chappaqua, NYChappaqua, NY

EDITED: Mr. Stonehill - THHSEDITED: Mr. Stonehill - THHS

The Geography of Greece

The Geography of Greece

QuestionsQuestions

• What seems to be the main “areas” of the What seems to be the main “areas” of the Classical Greek world?Classical Greek world?

• Where might potential enemies/rivals of Where might potential enemies/rivals of Greece arise from?Greece arise from?

Bronze Age GreeceBronze Age Greece

Crete: Minoan Civilization

(Palace at Knossos)

Crete: Minoan Civilization

(Palace at Knossos)

Knossos: Minoan Civilization

Knossos: Minoan Civilization

Minoan CivilizationMinoan Civilization

The Mycenaean Civilization

The Mycenaean Civilization

Homer: The “Heroic Age”

Homer: The “Heroic Age”

The Mask of AgamemnonThe Mask of Agamemnon

QuestionsQuestions

• What features of Archaic Greek culture do What features of Archaic Greek culture do we associate with Western culture?we associate with Western culture?

ATHENS: Yesterday & Today

ATHENS: Yesterday & Today

Piraeus: Athens’ Port City

Piraeus: Athens’ Port City

QuestionsQuestions

• Why is a port city necessary for Athens?Why is a port city necessary for Athens?

Early Athenian Lawgivers

Early Athenian Lawgivers$ Draco – initial dictator “draconian”

$ Solon “law giver”

$ Cleisthenes created the first

democracy!

Persian Wars: 499 BCE – 480 BCE

Persian Wars: 499 BCE – 480 BCE

Persian Wars: Famous BattlesPersian Wars: Famous Battles$ Marathon (490 BCE)

26 miles from Athens – Greeks defeat Persians

$ Thermopylae (480 BCE)

300 Spartans at the Mountain pass – eventually Xerxes conquers Athens, burns it and leaves

$ Salamis (480 BCE)

Athenian navy victorious over Persians leading to “stalemate”

Athens - Golden “Age of Pericles”:

460 BCE – 429 BCE

Athens - Golden “Age of Pericles”:

460 BCE – 429 BCE

Great Athenian Philosophers

Great Athenian Philosophers$ Socrates

Know thyself!

question everything

only the pursuit of goodnessbrings happiness.

$ Plato The Academy

The world of the FORMS

The Republic philosopher-king

Great Athenian Philosophers

Great Athenian Philosophers$ Aristotle

The Lyceum

“Golden Mean” [everything inmoderation].

Logic.

Scientific method.

Athens: The Arts & Sciences

Athens: The Arts & Sciences$ DRAMA (tragedians):

Aeschylus

Sophocles

Euripides

$ THE SCIENCES: Pythagoras - mathematician

Democritus all matter made up of small atoms.

Hippocrates “Father of Medicine”

Architecture - Phidias’ Acropolis

Architecture - Phidias’ Acropolis

The Acropolis TodayThe Acropolis Today

The ParthenonThe Parthenon

The AgoraThe Agora

The Classical Greek “Ideal” – emphasis on human body –

accuracy in art as well

The Classical Greek “Ideal” – emphasis on human body –

accuracy in art as well

Olympia – human sport and the emphasis of what the human body

can achieve

Olympia – human sport and the emphasis of what the human body

can achieve

The Ancient Olympics:

Athletes & Trainers

The Ancient Olympics:

Athletes & Trainers

Olympia: Temple to Hera

Olympia: Temple to Hera

The 2004 OlympicsThe 2004 Olympics

QuestionsQuestions

• What aspects of Athenian culture would What aspects of Athenian culture would you consider Western Culture?you consider Western Culture?

• Define art (how does it work, its materials, Define art (how does it work, its materials, its subject matter, how does it look, etc.) in its subject matter, how does it look, etc.) in the Golden Age of Athens.the Golden Age of Athens.

SPARTASPARTA

SPARTASPARTA

Helots Messenians enslaved by the Spartans.

Peloponnesian WarsPeloponnesian Wars

Macedonia Under Philip II

Macedonia Under Philip II

QuestionsQuestions

• How was Sparta and its allies able to How was Sparta and its allies able to defeat Athens and the Delian League?defeat Athens and the Delian League?

• How was Macedonia able to conquer the How was Macedonia able to conquer the rest of Classical Greece?rest of Classical Greece?

Alexander the Great

Alexander the Great

Alexander the Great’s EmpireAlexander the Great’s Empire

Alexander the Great in Persia

Alexander the Great in Persia

The Hellenization of Asia

The Hellenization of Asia

Pergamum: A Hellenistic CityPergamum: A Hellenistic City

The Economy of the Hellenistic World

The Economy of the Hellenistic World

Hellenistic PhilosophersHellenistic

Philosophers$ Cynics Diogenes ignore social conventions

& avoid luxuries.

citizens of the world.

live a humble, simple life.

$ Epicurians Epicurus avoid pain & seek

pleasure.

all excess leads to pain!

politics should be avoided.

Hellenistic PhilosophersHellenistic

Philosophers$ Stoics Zeno nature is the expansion of

divine will.

concept of natural law.

get involved in politics, not for personal gain, but toperform virtuous acts for the good of all.

true happiness is found ingreat achievements.

Hellenism: The Arts & Sciences

Hellenism: The Arts & Sciences$ Scientists /

Mathematicians: Aristarchus heliocentric

theory.

Euclid geometry

Archimedes pulley

$ Hellenistic Art: More realistic; less ideal than

Hellenic art.

Showed individual emotions, wrinkles, and age!

The Breakup of Alexander’s Empire

The Breakup of Alexander’s Empire