C-11

Review for test.

• WHAT BASE ALWAYS PAIR WITH ADENINE IN DNA?

• THYMINE

• WHAT BASE ALWAYS PAIR WITH GUANINE IN DNA?

• CYTOSINE

• HOW MANY CARBONS ARE IN DEOXYRIBOSE SUGAR?

• FIVE CARBONS

• WHAT TYPE OF BOND IS FOUND BETWEEN THE NITROGEN BASES?

• HYDROGEN BOND

• WHAT IS CALLED DNA ON THE FIRST NOTE?

• BLUEPRINT FOR LIFE

• WHAT ARE THE SUBUNITS FOR DNA?N

• NUCLEOTIDES

• WHICH TYPE OF BOND IN DNA IS THE STRONG BOND?

• PHOSPHATE BOND

• WHICH TYPE OF BOND IN DNA IS THE WEAK BOND?

• HYDROGEN BOND

• WHICH TYPE OF BOND HOLDS AMINO ACIDS TOGETHER IN FORMING A PROTEIN?

• PEPTIDE BOND

• WHAT PROTEINS ARE USED TO CONTROL ACTIONS WITHIN THE BODY?

• HORMONES

• WHAT IS MAKING AN EXACT COPY OF DNA CALLED?

• REPLICATION

• WHAT DOES DNA REPRESENT? (STAND FOR)

• DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID

• WHO ARE THE TWOPEOPLE CREDITED WITH DISCOVERY OF DNA STRUCTURE?

• WATSON AND CRICK

• WHAT IS THE SHAPE OF DNA CALLED?

• DOUBLE HELIX

• WHAT ARE THE TWO PARTS THAT MAKE UP THE SIDES OF DNA?

• SUGAR AND PHOSPHATE

• WHAT IS THE FIRST STEP IN THE REPLICATION OF DNA?

• UNZIP THE DNA

• WHEN DOES REPLICATION OCCUR?

• INTERPHASE

• WHAT ARE CHANGES IN THE DNA THAT MAY CAUSE PROBLEMS OR DISEASES?

• MUTATION

• WHAT IS MAKING A mRNA STRAND FROM A DNA?

• TRANSCRIPTION

• WHAT ARE THE THREE PARTS OF A NUCLEOTIDE?

• SUGAR,PHOSPHATE, AND NITROGEN BASE

• WHAT BRINGS THE AMINO ACIDS TO THE RIBOSOMES FOR MAKING PROTEINS?

• TRANSFER RNA

• WHAT ARE MADE UP OF THOUSANDS OF DNA MOLECULES?

• GENES

• WHAT ARE PROTEINS USED AS IN THE BODY?

• HORMONES, ENZYMES AND TISSUES

• WHAT NITROGEN BASE DOES RNA HAVE THAT IS NOT FOUND IN DNA?

• URACIL

• WHICH IS A SINGLE STRAND? DNA OR RNA

• RNA

• WHAT TYPE OF SUGAR IS FOUND IN RNA?

• RIBOSE SUGAR

• WHAT NITROGEN BASE IS PAIRED WITH ADENINE IN RNA?

• URACIL

• THE ORDER OF NITROGEN BASES DETERMINES THE PRODUCTION OF WHAT?

• PROTEINS

• THE THREE mRNA BASES THAT CODE FOR AN AMINO ACID IS CALLED WHAT?

• CODON

• THE THREE tRNA BASES THAT TRANSPORT AN AMINO ACID TO THE RIBOSOME IS CALLED WHAT?

• ANTICODON

• WHAT IS THE PROCESS OF CONVERTING THE mRNA BASES INTO AMINO ACIDS?

• TRANSLATION

• USUALLY THE FIRST CODON IS A _________ AND THE LAST CODON IS A STOPPING CODON.

• START CODON

• A MUTATION IN THIS TYPE OF CELL CAN BE TRANFERRED TO FUTURE GENERATIONS?

• REPRODUCTION CELLS

• A MUTATION IN THIS TYPE OF CELL CAN NOT BE TRANFERRED TO FUTURE GENERATIONS?

• BODY CELL

• WHAT TYPE OF MUTATION IS THE CHANGE OF A SINGLE BASE PAIR IN DNA CAUSING THE WRONG AMINO ACID TO BE PUT IN THE PROTEIN CHAIN?

• POINT

• WHAT TYPE OF MUTATION IS THE ADDITION OR DELETION OF A BASE THAT CAUSES A COMPLETE CHANGE IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE BASES?

• FRAMESHIFT

• WHEN DO CHROMOSOMAL MUTATION OCCUR?

• DURING MEIOSIS

• WHICH TYPE OF BOND IN DNA CONNECTS THE SUGARS?

• PHOSPHATE BOND

• TRUE OR FALSE:

ALL MUTATIONS ARE HARMFUL.

FALSE

• TRUE OR FALSE:

POINT MUTATIONS ARE LESS HARMFUL THAN FRAMESHIFT MUTATIONS.

TRUE

• TRUE OR FALSE:

POINT MUTATIONS CAN BE FOUND IN BOTH REPRODUCTIVE CELLS AND BODY CELLS.

TRUE

• TRUE OR FALSE:

GENES ON THE CHROMOSOMES ARE MADE A FEW DNA CHAINS.

FALSE

• TRUE OR FALSE:

ALL ORGANISMS HAVE THE SAME ORDER FOR THEIR DNA.

FALSE

• TRUE OR FALSE:

THERE MUST BE A STARTING AND A STOPPING CODON.

TRUE

• WHAT ARE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS THAT CAUSE CHANGE IN DNA CALLED?

• MUTAGENS

• WHERE ARE THE PROTEINS MADE?

• RIBOSOMES

• WHEN AN PART OF A CHROMOSOME AND INSERTED IN A DIFFERENT CHROMOSOME THIS MUTATION IS CALLED?

• TRANSLOCATION

• WHEN AN PART OF A CHROMOSOME IS INSERTED BACKWARDS THIS MUTATION IS CALLED?

• INVERSION

• WHEN AN EXTRA PART OF A CHROMOSOME IS ADDED CAUSING A DUPLICATION OF GENES THIS MUTATION IS CALLED?

• INSERTION

• WHICH IS FOUND ONLY IN THE NUCLEUS? DNA OR RNA

• DNA

• WHICH ONE MAKES THE PROTEINS? DNA OR RNA

• RNA

• WHAT DETERMINES THE TYPE OF PROTEIN BUILT BY THE CELL?

• ARRANGEMEN OF DNA BASES

• WHEN AN PART OF A CHROMOSOME AND INSERTED IN A DIFFERENT CHROMOSOME THIS MUTATION IS CALLED?

• TRANSLOCATION

• IF ALL CELLS CONTAIN THE SAME DNA WHY ARE THEY DIFFERENT OR WHY DO THEY HAVE DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS?

• PART OF IT IS TURNED OFF

• WHAT ARE PROTEINS MADE OF?

• AMINO ACIDS

• MUTATIONS IN BODY CELLS MAY RESULT IN WHAT PROBLEM THAT MAY KILL MANY PEOPLE?

• CANCER

CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS ARE ESPECIALLY COMMON IN WHAT TYPE OF ORGANISMS?

PLANTS

• MANY CHROMOSOME MUTATIONS RESULT WHEN CHROMOSOMES FAIL TO SEPARATE DURING WHAT PROCESS?

• MEIOSIS

• THE END

• STUDY YOUR NOTES AND QUESTIONS