c arboxylic a cids by lily haines and nikole watson
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: C ARBOXYLIC A CIDS by Lily Haines and Nikole Watson](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f305503460f94c4afa7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
by Lily Haines and Nikole Watson
![Page 2: C ARBOXYLIC A CIDS by Lily Haines and Nikole Watson](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f305503460f94c4afa7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
INTR
OD
UC
TIO
N
Aldehydes and ketones with carboxylic acids are widespread in plants and animal kingdom. They play a significant role in biochemical processes of life. They add smell and flavour to nature, for example, the very pleasant fragrances of vanillin and cinnamaldehyde.
Introduction
![Page 3: C ARBOXYLIC A CIDS by Lily Haines and Nikole Watson](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f305503460f94c4afa7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
INTRODUCTION Carboxylic acids are found in many
common household items: vinegar and salad dressing, citrus fruits, rhubarb, yogurt.
The feeling that you get in your legs after running for a long time is caused by the build up of the carboxylic acid, “lactic acid”
wdexpo.orghttp://www.google.ca/imgres?imgurl
![Page 4: C ARBOXYLIC A CIDS by Lily Haines and Nikole Watson](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f305503460f94c4afa7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
http://www.google.ca/images?um
![Page 5: C ARBOXYLIC A CIDS by Lily Haines and Nikole Watson](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f305503460f94c4afa7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
GENERAL STRUCTURE Carboxylic acids contain a -COOH group
The “-COOH” attachment is also known as the carboxyl group.
Microsoft Paint
![Page 6: C ARBOXYLIC A CIDS by Lily Haines and Nikole Watson](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f305503460f94c4afa7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
NAMING SCHEME
The name counts the total number of carbon atoms in the longest chain - including the one in the -COOH group.
If you have other groups attached to the parent chain, the carbon in the –COOH group is always counted as number 1 on the chain.
They are named by adding –oic acid onto the end of the carbon skeleton.
The substituents are named as in other aliphatic compounds.
![Page 7: C ARBOXYLIC A CIDS by Lily Haines and Nikole Watson](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f305503460f94c4afa7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Example 1: Write the structural formula for 3-methylbutanoic acid.
This is a four carbon acid with no carbon-carbon double bonds. There is a methyl group on the third carbon (counting the -COOH carbon as number 1).
docbrown.info
![Page 8: C ARBOXYLIC A CIDS by Lily Haines and Nikole Watson](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f305503460f94c4afa7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Example 2: Write the structural formula for 2-hydroxypropanoic acid (or lactic acid).
The hydroxy part of the name shows the presence of an -OH group. Normally, you would show that by the ending ol, but this time you can't because you've already got another ending. You are forced into this alternative way of describing it.
chemguide.co.uk
![Page 9: C ARBOXYLIC A CIDS by Lily Haines and Nikole Watson](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f305503460f94c4afa7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Example 3: Write the structural formula for 2-chlorobut-3-enoic acid.
This time, not only is there a chlorine attached to the chain, but the chain also contains a carbon-carbon double bond (en) starting on the number 3 carbon (counting the -COOH carbon as number 1).
www.zimbio.com
![Page 10: C ARBOXYLIC A CIDS by Lily Haines and Nikole Watson](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f305503460f94c4afa7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The general formula of a carboxylic acid is R-COOH, where R is the rest of the chain.
www.webchem.net/powerpoint/
Carboxylic_Acids.ppt
![Page 11: C ARBOXYLIC A CIDS by Lily Haines and Nikole Watson](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f305503460f94c4afa7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
SALTS OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
When the carboxylic acids form salts, the hydrogen in the -COOH group is replaced by a metal.
There is an ionic bond between the metal and the carboxylic group.
In the formula, the sodium is at the end, but appears first in the name.
![Page 12: C ARBOXYLIC A CIDS by Lily Haines and Nikole Watson](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f305503460f94c4afa7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Example: Write the structural formula for sodium propanoate.
This is the sodium salt of propanoic acid - so start from that. Propanoic acid is a three carbon acid with no carbon-carbon double bonds.
In a shortened version, sodium propanoate would be written CH3CH2COONa or, if you wanted to emphasise the ionic nature, as CH3CH2COO- Na+.
chemguide.co.uk
![Page 13: C ARBOXYLIC A CIDS by Lily Haines and Nikole Watson](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f305503460f94c4afa7/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
REACTION PROPERTIES
Smaller carboxylic acids (1-5 carbons) are polar or soluble with water. Carboxylic acids with higher numbers of carbons are less soluble due to increasing hydrophobic nature of the alkyl chain.
Higher boiling points than water (larger surface area)
Weak acids
Strong odorssideoatsandscribbles.wumple.com
![Page 14: C ARBOXYLIC A CIDS by Lily Haines and Nikole Watson](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f305503460f94c4afa7/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
IN SOLUTION IN WATER, A HYDROGEN ION IS TRANSFERRED FROM THE -COOH GROUP TO A WATER MOLECULE. FOR EXAMPLE, WITH ETHANOIC ACID, YOU GET AN ETHANOATE ION FORMED TOGETHER WITH A HYDROXONIUM ION, H3O+.
http://www.google.ca/imgres
Microsoft Paint
http://www.google.ca/imgres?imgurl
![Page 15: C ARBOXYLIC A CIDS by Lily Haines and Nikole Watson](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f305503460f94c4afa7/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
WORK CITED PAGE
http://www.chemguide.co.uk/organicprops/acids/background.html
www.chatt.hdsb.ca/~smallbonel/.../Carboxylic%20acids%20note.doc?...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboxylic_acid http://
www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/Reactions-of-Carboxylic-Acids.topicArticleId-23297,articleId-23285.html
Corey, Paul F., «Carboxylic Acids and their Derivatives.», General Chemistry. New York: MacMillan Publishing Company, 1989.
![Page 16: C ARBOXYLIC A CIDS by Lily Haines and Nikole Watson](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f305503460f94c4afa7/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
BINGO TIME!!