c programming slide c05
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
Monday, April 10, 2023
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PRADEEP DWIVWDI
PREPARED BY-PRADEEP DWIVEDI(persuing B.TECH-IT)from HINDUSTAN COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY(MATHURA)[email protected]
C-PROGRAMMING SLIDE-5
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PRADEEP DWIVWDI
ARRAY
TOPIC
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ARRAY
We use fundamental data type, namely char, int, float, double. Variable of these types can store only one value at a time.
In many application we need to store more than one value of data in a single variable that time we use array.
ARRAY:- is a fixed size sequenced collection of same data type.
In other words, an ARRAY is a special variable that can hold the place for more than one values of same data type at adjacent places.
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EXAMPLE OF ARRAY
List of name. List of number. List of students mark. etc.
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DECLARATION AND MEMORY REPRESENTATION OF AN ARRAY
int a[10];
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Memoryrepresentatio
n
Index /subscript
ed number
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TYPES OF ARRAY
We have following types of array-1. One dimensional array.2. Two dimensional array.3. Multidimensional array.
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ONE DIMENSIONAL ARRAY
A list of item can given one variable name using only one subscript and such a variable called single subscripted variable or a one dimensional array.
For, eg- if we want to represent a set of five numbers says (10,20,30,40,50), by an array variable num, then we declare the variable num as follows-
int num[5];
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ONE DIMENSIONAL ARRAY
The computer reserves five storage in memory-
num[0]num[1]num[2]num[3]num[4]
The value to the array element can be assigned as follows-
num[0]=10;num[1]=20;num[2]=30;num[3]=40;num[4]=50;
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DECLARATION OF ONE DIMENSIONAL ARRAY
Declaration of an array must specifies three things-1. Type2. Name3. Size General form of an array declaration is- eg, float height[10]; int num[10]; char name[10];
type variable_name[size];
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DECLARATION OF ONE DIMENSIONAL ARRAY
character array represents maximum number of characters that the string can hold.
for eg, char name[10]; declare the name array(string) variable
that can hold a maximum of 10 characters.
suppose we want to read the following string constant into the string variable name.
“WELL DONE”
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DECLARATION OF ONE DIMENSIONAL ARRAY
each character of the string treated as an element of array name and stored in the memory as follows-
NOTE:- when the compiler sees the string, it
terminate with an additional null character thus, the element name[10] holds the
null character ‘\0’. when declaring character array, we must allow one extra element space for null
terminator
‘W’
‘E’
‘L’
‘L’
‘ ‘
‘D’
‘O’
‘N’
‘E’
‘\0’
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INITIALIZATION OF ONE DIMENSIONAL ARRAY
an array can be initialized at either of the following stages-
1. at compile time.2. at run time.
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COMPILE TIME INITIALIZATION
the general form of initialization of an array is-
the value in the list are separated by commas- eg; int num[3]={1,1,1}; if the number of values in the list is less than
the number of elements, then only that many element will be initialized , the remaining element will be set to zero automatically.
eg; float total[5]={0.0,1.4,-4.7};
type array_name[size]={list of values};
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COMPILE TIME INITIALIZATION size may be omitted , in such case compiler
allocates enough free space for all initialized elemets.
for eg, int num[]={1,2,3,4,5}; character array may be initialized in similar
manner.char name[]={‘J’,’O’,’H’,’N’,’/0’};
alternatively, we can assign the string literal directly
eg, char name[]=“JOHN”;
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NOTE
At the time of declaration size must be specified of an array.
int a[]; If we don’t mention the size of an array
at the declaration that time we must initialized it-
int a[]={10,20,30,40}; int a[4]={10,20,30,40, 50,60,70}; only
take first four values.
incorrect
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NOTE
In character array null character placed after the string char[8];
Suppose we want to store-PRADEEP
char a[20];P R A D E E P /0
P R A D E E P \0
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RUN TIME INITIALIZATION
an array can be explicitly initialized at run time . this approach is usually applied for initializing large
arrays. for eg;
for(i=0;i<100;i++){
if(i<50)sum[i]=0.0;
elsesum[i]=1.0;}
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prog23
//Demo for array#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){int num[5],i;clrscr();printf("Enter five
numbers:");for(i=0;i<5;i++){
scanf("%d",&num[i]);}printf("\nThe element of
array:-\n");for(i=0;i<5;i++){printf("%d\n",num[i]);}getch();}
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prog24
//w.a.p. to find out smallest element in the array.
#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){int num[5],small,i;clrscr();printf("Enter any five
numbers:\n");
for(i=0;i<5;i++){scanf("%d",&num[i]);}small=num[0];for(i=0;i<5;i++){if(small>num[i])small=num[i];}printf("the smallest number is:
%d",small);getch();}
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prog25
//w.a.p. to arrange the element in ascending order.(selection sort)
#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){int num[5],i,j,temp;clrscr();printf("Enter five numbers:\n");for(i=0;i<5;i++){scanf("%d",&num[i]);}for(i=0;i<5;i++){for(j=i+1;j<5;j++)
{if(num[i]>num[j]){temp=num[i];num[i]=num[j];num[j]=temp;}}}for(i=0;i<5;i++){printf("%d\t",num[i]);}getch();}
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TWO DIMENSIONAL ARRAY
If we want to arrange the element in a row and column format of an array that time we use two dimensional array.
In that first dimensional tells about the number of rows and second dimensional tells about the number of columns.
For eg- int a[3][2];
rows columns
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REPRESENTATION OF TWO DIMENSIONAL ARRAY
If we want to represent an array for eg-int a[2][3];
col 0 col 1 col 2 00 01 02
Row 0
Row 110 11 12
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prog26
//write a program to print a matrix#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){int a[3][3],i,j;clrscr();printf("Enter the array elements:");for(i=0;i<3;i++){for(j=0;j<3;j++){scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);}}
printf("The elements of array are:\n");
for(i=0;i<3;i++){for(j=0;j<3;j++){printf("%d\t",a[i][j]);}printf("\n");}getch();}
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Memory representation of prog 26
0 1 2 0
1 2
3(00)
4(01)
5(02)
4(10)
6(11)
6(12)
7(20)
8(21)
9(22)
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prog27
//write a program for matrix addition#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){int a[3][3],b[3][3],c[3][3],i,j;clrscr();printf("Enter the first matrix:\n");for(i=0;i<3;i++){for(j=0;j<3;j++){scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);}}printf("Enter the second matrix:\n");for(i=0;i<3;i++){for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);}}
for(i=0;i<3;i++){for(j=0;j<3;j++){c[i][j]=a[i][j]+b[i][j];}}printf("\n The addition of two matrix:\n");for(i=0;i<3;i++){for(j=0;j<3;j++){printf("%d\t",c[i][j]);}printf("\n");}getch();}
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Explaination
matric a matrix b matrix c
+ =3 4 5
4 6 6
7 8 9
1 2 3
4 6 2
3 4 5
4 6 8
8 12 8
10 12 14
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THANKS