ca idms™ 19.0 sql enhancements for modernization

World®’16

CAIDMS™Version19.0SQLEnhancementsforModernizationDaveRoss,SeniorPrincipalProductOwnerCATechnologies

MFX103S

MAINFRAMEANDWORKLOADAUTOMATION

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Abstract

CustomersneedtoleveragetheirinvestmentinCAIDMS™tocreatenewapplicationsbasedonservicesintheapplicationeconomy,andtheyneedtodothiswithcurrenttechnologiesanddeveloperskillsets. ThissessionshowshowSQLenhancementsinCAIDMS19.0improvestandardscompliance,developerproductivity,andcompatibilitywiththirdpartytoolsandapplications. TheSQLvirtualforeignkeyfeatureenablesdeveloperstousestandardSQLtoaccessandupdatenetworkdatabaseswithouttheneedtousenetworkDMLortableprocedures. EnhancementstoSQLDDLenableuserstodefinedatabasesusingstandardDDLcompatiblewithotherdatabases.

DavidRoss

CATechnologiesSr.PrincipalProductOwner,CAIDMS


Agenda

SQLVIRTUALFOREIGNKEYS

ISOSTANDARDSQLCONSTRAINTDDL

1

2


CAIDMSSQLRelationaltoNetworkMapping

••IdenticallynamedTable

••EquivalentRow

••AutomaticallyrenamedColumn

••PartialmappingReferentialconstraint

••ViaSCHEMARecorddefinition

••EquivalentRecordoccurrence

••ExceptODO,redefines,…Element

••LackofforeignkeysSet

SQL Network


RelationaltoNetworkMappingTechniques

Syntaxextensions

Views

Procedures••Tableprocedures••Calledprocedures

Foreignkeys••Referentialsets


ComparisonofMappingTechniques

SQLExtensions No No No No Limited

Views Yes No No No Limited

TableProcedures Yes Yes No No Encapsulate

ReferentialSets Yes No Yes Maybe Referentialconstraints

StandardSQL Newprograms ExposesSetsApplicationchanges

Restructure


VirtualForeignKeys

ExposeSetsasReferentialConstraints••Queries••Updates

BasedonROWID••Virtualprimarykey=ROWID••Virtualforeignkey=FKEY_<set_name>

DefineonSQLSchemadefinition

VisiblethroughJDBCandODBCmetadata

Enableaccessforcommontoolsandapplicationframeworks

UseSQLtoaccessandmaintainnetworkdatabasesfromJava


VirtualForeignKeyBenefits

§ UsestandardSQLtoaccessandupdateCAIDMS– RemovesINSERTandUPDATElimitations– CapabilitieslikenetworkDML– WriteapplicationsusingJava,.NET,andpopularframeworks– NospecialCAIDMSSQLsyntax

§ Easytoimplement– Nodatabasechanges– Nochangestonetworkdefinitions– Noneedfortableprocedures


VirtualPrimaryKey

§ PseudocolumnROWID– Uniquelyidentifiesarow– Availableforeverytable– Notnullable

§ DatatypeROWID– Length8bytes– ContainsDBKEYandPageInfo– Valuenotpersistentandthusnotatrueprimarykey– Relationaloperatorsupportextended(<,>,<=,>=)


VirtualForeignKey

§ PseudocolumnFKEY_setname– “setname”istheSQLtransformednameofset– ValueisROWIDofownerofset-nameorNULLifnomembership– Availableforeverysetinwhichrecordismember– Alwaysappearsnullable,butcannotsettoNULLforMAsets

§ DatatypeROWID– Mustbe8bytes– containsDBKEYandPageInfoofsetowner


VirtualForeignKeys

§ VirtualforeignkeyscanbereferencedinSQLstatementslikeauser-definedcolumn

§ Includedinlistof“all”columns(SELECT*)

§ IncludedinINSERTandUPDATEdefaultcolumnlist– Whencolumnlistisexcluded– Columnorder:

§ Userdefinedcolumns§ ROWID§ Virtualforeignkeysinalphabeticalorder


EnablingVirtualForeignKeys

§ “Create”virtualkeyswithSQLschemadefinitioncreateschemaEMPSCHM

fornonsql schemaEMPDICT.EMPSCHMversion100withvirtualkeys

§ ROWIDandvirtualforeignkeysbecomevisible– SELECT*– INSERTcolumnlistwhenlistisomitted– UPDATEcolumnlistwhenlistisomitted

§ “Remove”virtualkeysalterschemaEMPSCHMwithoutvirtualkeys


EMPSCHMWithVirtualForeignKeys

DEPT-EMPLOYEE EMP-EXPERTISE

DEPT-ID-0410

DEPARTMENT

ORG-DEMO-REGION

410 F 120 CALC

FKEY_EMP_EXPERTISEFKEY_DEPT_EMPLOYEE

EMP-ID-0415

EMPLOYEE

EMP-DEMO-REGION

415 F 120 CALCEMP-EXPERTISE

EXPERTISE

EMP-DEMO-REGION

400 F 16 VIA

ROWID ROWID ROWID


SELECTExamples

§ ObtainDEPARTMENTdataofanEMPLOYEEselect*fromDEPARTMENTwhereROWID=(selectFKEY_DEPT_EMPLOYEEfromEMPLOYEEwhere EMP_ID=1001)

§ JoinDEPARTMENTandEMPLOYEEselectd.*,e.*fromDEPARTMENTd,EMPLOYEEewhered.ROWID =e.FKEY_DEPT_EMPLOYEE


MoreSELECTExamples

§ SelectallEXPERTISErecordsforanEMPLOYEEselect*fromEXPERTISEwhereFKEY_EMP_EXPERTISE=

(selectROWIDfromEMPLOYEEwhereEMP_ID=1001)

§ ShowallDEPARTMENTsincludingthosewithoutEMPLOYEEsselectd.*,e.*fromDEPARTMENTdleftjoinEMPLOYEEeond.ROWID =e.FKEY_DEPT_EMPLOYEE


INSERTUsingVirtualKeys

§ Usetoestablishsetmembership– SetvirtualforeignkeycolumntoownerROWIDorNULL– Setmembershipoptionsdefineintegrityconstraints– MAsetdisallowsNULLvaluedvirtualforeignkey

§ UseROWIDtosuggestDBKEYforaDIRECTrecord– Defaultsto-1onSTORE(firstavailableDBKEYinpagerangeused)– IgnoredifrecordlocationmodeisnotDIRECT


INSERTUsingVirtualKeys

§ Useofscalar-query-expressioninVALUESclause– NewR19.0featureforINSERTstatementsforallSQLschemas– Withvirtualkeys,allowsINSERTtocontainqueriesthatretrievethe

virtualforeignkeyvaluestobesetintheinsertedrow

§ Supportforvirtualkeysinquery-specification– AlternativetoVALUESclauseonINSERT– QueryresultmusthavesamenumberofcolumnsasnamedinINSERT

statement– Ifnocolumnsnamed,numberofcolumnsmustmatchthetotal

numberofcolumns,includingROWIDandallVFKs


INSERTExamplesVALUESClauseWithColumnList

insertintoEMPLOYEE(EMP_ID,EMP_FNAME,EMP_LNAME,FKEY_DEPT_EMPLOYEE,FKEY_OFFICE_EMPLOYEE)

values(976,’SEBASTIAN’,’VOLLMER’,(selectROWIDfromDEPARTMENTwhereDEPT_ID=9003),(selectROWIDfromOFFICEwhereOFFICE_CODE='002'))


INSERTExamplesVALUESClauseWithoutColumnList

insertintoEMPLOYEEvalues

(976,’SEBASTIAN’,’VOLLMER’,NULL,(selectROWIDfromDEPARTMENTwhereDEPT_ID=9003),(selectROWIDfromOFFICEwhereOFFICE_CODE='002'))

§ EMPLOYEEcolumnsareEMP_ID,EMP_FNAME,EMP_LNAME,ROWID,FKEY_DEPT_EMPLOYEE,FKEY_OFFICE_EMPLOYEE


INSERTExamplesSpecifyingVirtualKeysUsingQuery-specification

insertintoEMPOSITION(START_YEAR,FKEY_EMP_EMPOSITION,FKEY_JOB_EMPOSITION)

select2015,E.ROWID,J.ROWIDfromEMPLOYEEE,JOBJwhereE.EMP_ID=23andJ.JOB_ID=2025


UPDATE

§ VirtualForeignKeyscanbespecifiedinSETclause

§ EquivalenttoCONNECT/DISCONNECTDMLverbs

§ Allowedforsetswithmembershipoptions– OPTIONAL(OA/OM)– MANDATORYMANUAL(MM)whenrecordnotyetconnectedtoset

§ SETFKEY_setnamevaluesallowed– NULL– ROWIDofowneroccurrenceofsetname– ROWIDofmemberoccurrenceofsetname


UPDATEExamples

§ DisconnectingtheEMPLOYEEfromtheDEPT-EMPLsetupdateEMPLOYEEsetFKEY_DEPT_EMPL=NULL

whereEMP_ID=23

§ EMPLOYEEconnectedtoDEPARTMENT4000updateEMPLOYEEsetFKEY_DEPT_EMPL=

(selectROWIDfromDEPARTMENTwhereDEPT_ID=4000)whereEMP_ID=23


DELETE

§ Usevirtualkeycolumnsthesameasuser-definedcolumns

deletefromEMPLOYEEwhereFKEY_DEPT_EMPL=

(selectROWIDfromDEPARTMENTwhereDEPT_NAME=‘Sales’)


DiscoveringVirtualKeys

§ JDBCandODBCmetadataAPIsexposevirtualkeys

§ java.sql.DatabaseMetaData interfacemethods– getPrimaryKeys– getExportedKeys– getImportedKeys– getCrossReference

§ ODBCAPIfunctions– SQLPrimaryKeys– SQLForeignKeys


DiscoveringNetworkRelationships


VirtualKeysComparedtoOtherMappingTechniques

SQLExtensions No No No No Limited

Views Yes No No No Limited

TableProcedures Yes Yes No No Encapsulate

ReferentialSets Yes No Yes Maybe Referentialconstraints

VirtualKeys Yes No No No Referentialconstraints

StandardSQL Newprograms ExposesSetsApplicationchanges

Restructure


SQLDDLEnhancements

§ ISOStandardConstraintDefinitionDDL– CREATETABLE– ALTERTABLE– Uniqueconstraints– PrimaryKeyconstraints– Referentialconstraints

§ Improvesintegrationwithframeworksandtools

§ DISPLAYTABLE


DefiningUNIQUEConstraints

§ Auniqueconstraintisspecifiedbycoding– UNIQUEonacolumndefinition– UNIQUE(<column-names>)inthecolumnlist

§ Aconstraintmaybenamed– CONSTRAINT<name>– Precedestheconstraintdefinition– Nameisgeneratedifnotnamed

§ Morethanoneuniqueconstraintmaybedefined


UNIQUEConstraintExample

createtableABC.TABLE1(COL1CHAR(8)unique,COL2CHAR(8),constraintCON1unique(COL2,COL1))


DefiningPrimaryKeyConstraints

§ APrimaryKeyconstraintisspecifiedbycoding– PRIMARYKEYonacolumndefinition– PRIMARYKEY(<column-names>)inthecolumnlist

§ Aconstraintmaybenamed– CONSTRAINT<name>– Precedestheconstraintdefinition– Nameisgeneratedifnotnamed

§ ONEPrimaryKeyconstraintpertable


PrimaryKeyConstraintExamples

createtableABC.TABLEX(COL1char(8)notnullprimarykey,COL2char(8)notnull,COL3char(8)notnull)

createtableABC.TABLEY(COL1char(8)notnull,COL2char(8)notnull,COL3char(8)notnull,primarykey(COL2,COL3))


GeneratedEnforcingIndex

§ Enforcesuniqueandprimarykeyconstraints

§ CreatedbyCREATETABLEandALTERTABLE– Suppressescreationofdefaultindex– Usesdefaultvaluesforindexattributes– CannotbealteredtobeNOTUNIQUE– CannotbedroppedwithDROPINDEXunlessreplacementdefined

§ GeneratedIndexnames– IDX###############– ###isa15digitnumberuniqueintheschema


ReplacingaGeneratedEnforcingIndex

§ UseCREATEUNIQUEINDEX

§ Columnsmustmatchenforcingindex

§ Inheritsenforcingindexattribute

§ Whenprimarykeyindexdropped– Areplacementinheritstheprimarykeyattribute

§ Generatedindexesdroppedautomatically

§ Non-generatedindexesmustbemanuallydropped


DefiningReferentialConstraints

§ Areferentialconstraintisspecifiedbycoding– REFERENCESclauseonacolumndefinition– FOREIGNKEYclauseinthecolumnlist

§ Aconstraintmaybenamed– CONSTRAINTname– Precedestheconstraintdefinition– Ifnotnamed,anameisgenerated

§ GEN###############

§ Morethanonereferentialconstraintmaybedefined


ReferentialConstraintsExample

createtableABC.TABLEX(COL1char(8),COL2char(8),foreignkey(COL1,COL2)referencesTABLEP,COL3char(8)notnull

constraintCON1referencesTABLEP(COL5))


DiscoveringConstraints

§ java.sql.DatabaseMetaData interfacemethods– getIndexInfo– getPrimaryKeys– getExportedKeys– getImportedKeys– getCrossReference

§ ODBCAPIfunctions– SQLStatistics– SQLPrimaryKeys– SQLForeignKeys


StandardSQLDDLSQLDDLenhancementsenableCAIDMStosupportdatabasedefinitionsprovidedbypopulartoolsandframeworks

CAIDMS19.0CAIDMS19.0enablesJavaandWindowsdeveloperstouseindustrystandardtechnologytocreate,access,andmaintainCAIDMSdatabases

SQLVirtualKeysSQLVirtualForeignKeysenabledeveloperstousestandardSQLtoaccessandupdatenetworkdatabases

SummaryAFewWordstoReview


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ca idms™ 19.0 sql enhancements for modernization

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