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Chng II: Cc loi myp nghin

Trang II-1

CHNG II

CC MYP NGHIN


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Trang II-2

I. I CNG VP NGHIN

Trong k thut sn xut Vt liu xy dng, chng ta lun gp qu trnh p nghinnguyn vt liu. Qu trnh ny ch yu nhm tng din tch b mt (din tch ring) ca vtth, nhm to iu kin d dng thc hin tt cc qu trnh ha l xy ra tip theo. xc nh

c qu trnh p nghin cn ch n mt skhi nim sau:

I.1 Nhng khi nim c sI.1.1. ng knh trung bnh

Vt liu trc v sau khi p nghin thng c hnh dng kch thc khc nhau. cthtin hnh tnh ton c cn xc nh kch thc trung bnh ca vt th.

Kch thc trung bnh ca tng cc vt liu:

+ +=Tb l b hd 3 hoc =

3Tbd l.b.h (2.1)

Trong : l,b,h - kch thc chiu di, chiu rng v chiu cao tng ng ca cc vtliu.

Kch thc trung bnh ca nhm cc (ht) vt liu:

+= max minN

d dd

2 (2.2)Trong : dmax - kch thc ht to nht

dmin - kch thc ht b nht

Kch thc trung bnh ca hn hp nhiu nhm ht vt liu

+ + +=

+ +N1 1 N2 2 Nn n

HH1 2 3 n

d .a d .a ....... d .ad

a +a a ...a (2.3)Trong : a1,a2,...an: hm lng % mi nhm trong hn hp vt liu

dN1,dN2,...dNn: kch thc t.bnh ca mi nhm ht vt liu.

I.1.2. Mcp nghinMc p nghin l t skch thc trung bnh ca ht, ca nhm ht hay hn hp

nhm ht vt liu trc v sau khi p nghin.

Mcp nghin ca ht vt liu:

= tb

Tb

Di

d (2.4a) Mcp nghin ca nhm ht vt liu:

= N

N

Di

d (2.4b)


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Trang II-3

Mcp nghin ca ht vt liu:

HH

HH

Di=

d (2.4c)Trong : D - kch thc vt liu trc khi p nghin

d - kch thc vt liu sau khi p nghin.

I.1.3. bn vrn ca vt liuVt liu c nhiu loi, chng c cu to khc nhau, nn tnh cht ca tng loi cng

khc nhau. Trong qu trnh p nghin cn ch n 2 tnh cht quan trng nht l : bnv rn ca vt liu.

bn ca vt liu. bn ca vt liu c tnh bng gii hn bn chu nn ca vt liu. bn ca vt

liu c thc phn loi nhsau:

Bng 2.1 Gii hn bn ca vt liu

Tnh cht vt liu Gii hn bn chu nn (kgf/cm2)

Km bnTrung bnh

BnRt bn


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Trang II-4

rn Protodipkonov:cng c phn thnh 10 bc, mi bc c c trng bng hsA. H sA c tnh bng % gii hn bn chu nn ca vt liu [kG/cm2]

V d: Vt liu c n = 2000 KG/ cm2 rn Protodipkonov A = 20

I.1.4 Hskhnngp nghin.

Phn loi vt liu theo bn v rn nh trn cho php xc nh c lc pnghin cn thit, nhng nhthcng cha nh gi kh nng p nghin ca cc vtliu.

Nh ta bit: c th c 2 loi vt liu c cng bn cng nh rn bng nhau,nhng loi no dn hn r rng dp nghin hn (cng mt lc p). Do nh gi khnng p nghin ca tng loi vt liu, ngi ta dng h skh nng p nghin.

H skhnngp nghin: l t sgia nng lng tiu tn ring khip nghin vtliu chun so vi loi vt liu thng khc c cng mt mcv trng thip nghin.

Nu gi h s kh nng p nghin ca vt liu chun bng 1 (vt liu chun thngchn clinker l quay trung bnh), th h s kh nng p nghin ca mt s loi vt liu nhsau:

Bng 2.3. H skh nng p nghin ca mt svt liu

Tn vt liu H skh nng p nghin

vn mu vi rn

Trng thchClinker l quayClinker l ng

Vi sng

0,750,8-0,90,8-0,9

11,3-1,41,64

Mi loi vt liu c t trng mt h skh nng p nghin nht nh (tham khoti liu).

Bit nng sut ca my nghin khi nghin vt liu A, c thxc nh c nng sut

ca my nghin khi nghin vt liu B, nu bit h skh nng p nghin ca 2 loi vtliu .

V d: nng sut ca my nghin bi khi nghin clinker l quay l 15T/h. Xc nh nngsut ca my nghin khi nghin vi sng.


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Trang II-5

Tra bng bit c h skh nng p nghin ca clinker l quay = 1 v ca vi sng= 1,64. Vy nng sut ca my nghin khi nghin vi sng l:

= =Q 15 1,64 1,0 24,6 [T/h]

I.2 C s l thuyt vp nghin

Mt trong nhng yu t quan trng nht xc nh qu trnh p nghin l nnglng tiu hao ring cho 1 n v sn phm. Qu trnh p nghin l mt qu trnh rt phctp, n ph thuc vo nhiu yu tnh: ng nht, bn, rn, qunh, m,hnh dng, kch thc ca vt liu v.v...Trn c s nhiu tc gi nghin cu v l thuytp nghin. Sau y l mt sl thuyt c bn.

I.2.1Thuytin tch (ca RittHinger)Theo Ritthinger Cng cn thitp nghin vt liu t lvi din tch mi sinh sau khi

p nghin vt liu.Chng minh:

Gi thit vt liu c dng khi vung vn cnh l D (H2.1a), c p ra thnh nhngkhi vung nh c cnh l d.Vy mc p nghin :

=i D / d (2.5)

Smt ct mi chiu: (i-1)Smt ct 3 chiu ca khi vung l : 3(i-1)Tng din tch mi sinh ca 3 mt ct l :

= 2F 3D (i-1) [cm2] (2.6)

Gi A : cng cn thit to ra 1 cm2 din tch mi sinh, vimc p nghin i v kch thc vt liu ban u D, th cng p

nghin ca vt liu nhsau:

= = 2iA AF 3AD (i-1) [KG.cm] (2.7)

Khi mc p nghin rt ln, ngha l i , c th xem

(i -1)

i. T c thrt ra :cngp nghin vt liu t lthun vi mcp nghin .Trong thc t vt liu c hnh dng bt k, nn cng thc c dng tng qut sau:

= 2iA 3kAD (i 1) [KG.cm] (2.8)

k: h sph thuc vo hnh dng ca vt liu, thng thng k = 1,2 1,7.

d

D

Hnh 2.1a


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Trang II-6

I.2.2 Thuyt thtch ( ca Kirpisev)

Theo Kirpiser cng cn thitp nghin vt liu t lvi thtch hay trng lngca vt liu bbin dng khip nghin .

C s ca thuyt ny da vo thuyt bin dng ca vt liu khi chu ko hay chu nnn gii hn n hi hay ph hy. Khi chu ko hay chu nn n gii hn n hi hoc phhy, vt liu s tun theo nh lut Hook (H.2.1)

PLL

EF =

(2.9)Trong:

L- bin dng di tuyt i [cm]P - lc ko hoc nn [KG]F- tit din chu ko hoc nn [cm2]E- moun n hi ca vt liu [Kg/cm2]

L- chiu cao ban u ca mu [cm]

Cng lm bin dng mt cc vt liu:

+ + =

(p p dp)ddA pd

2 =

dp Pd L

=

Ld dp

P

= = = = L L P

10 0 0

L P LA dA pd pdp

P 2

Thay =

P.LL

EF vo cng thc A1

Ta c:

=

2

1

P LA

2 (2.10)ng sut n hi ca vt liu:

=PF [KG/cm2]

= P F

= =2 2 2

1L F V

A2EF 2E [KG/cm] (2.11)

Khi p cc ht vt liu c kch thc khc nhau, cng p nghin vt liu:

( )=

= = + + =

2 2 n

i 1 2 n in i 1

A A V V ...V V2E 2E [KG.cm] (2.12)

Bin dng

Lc

L

P

p

Hnh 2.1b Quan h lc v bin dng

p

dA


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Trang II-7

I.2.3. Thuyt thp ( Rebinder)Theo Rebinder cng p nghin vt liu gm 2 thnh phn :

- Cng to nn din tch mi sinh- Cng lm bin dng vt liu

Ty theo qu trnh p nghin c thm thnh phn no s l ch yuNhvy:

= + = +

22

1 2

Cong tao dien tich moi sinhCong lam bien dang

VA A A 3kAD (i 1)

2E[KG.cm] (2.13)

C thvit li di dng:

= + A . S k V (2.14)Trong :

: nng lng b mt ring ca vt liu (cho mt n vS: Bin i b mt ring ca vt liu (din tch mi sinh)

K: Cng n hi v bin dng do ring ca vt liuV: thtch ca vt liu b bin dng

Do vy:- Khip nghin tht nh, cng to ra din tch mi sinh rt ln so vi cng lm bin

dng vt liu.

- Khip th th tri li, cng lm bin dng vt liu rt ln so vi cng to ra din tch

mi sinh.

Nhvy, thuyt din tch v thuyt thtch chl nhng trng hpc bit ca thuyt

thp.

I.3. Cc phng php tc dng lc khi p nghin.Nhng phng php tc dng lc c bn:

pp

miunb

Hnh 2.2 Cc phng php tc dng lc c bn


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Trang II-8

tng hiu qup nghin, i a scc my p nghin c cu to bi hai hocnhiu phng php tc dng lc ng thi, rt t khi c cu to vi mt phng php tcdng lc ring l.

Vic chn phng php tc dng lc trong ch to my p nghin ph thuc vo cc

yu t: Tnh cht c l ca vt liu Kch thc ban u ca vt liu Mc p nghin i ca vt liu

Vt liu c cng ln (hoa cng, vn mu) chn phng php tc dng lc: p +p

Vt liu dn chn phng php tc dng lc: B + pVt liu do chn phng php tc dng lc: p + mi

I.4. Phn loi cc my p nghinc phn thnh 2 nhm chnh: nhm my p v my nghin

I.4.1. MypCc my p dng p s b vt liu. Kch thc vt liu vo v ra khi my cn

th. Mc p nghin i = 220

Theo kch thc vt liu c phn thnh cc loi:

Bng 2.4a Mc p vt liu

Mc p nghin ng knh ra Dra(mm)

p thp trung bnh

p nhp rt nh

250 2525-55-1

1-0,5

Theo kt cu v nguyn tc lm vic c phn thnh cc loi:My p hm - My p nn - My p trcMy p ba- My nghin bnh xe

I.4.2. Cc my nghin.Cc my nghin dng nghin vt liu c p s b, theo kch thc vt liu

c phn thnh cc loi:


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Trang II-9

Bng 2.4b Mc p nghin vt liu

Mc nghin Dra (mm)

Nghin thNghin mn

Nghin rt mn

0,5 0,10,1 0,01

0,01 0,0001

Mc p nghin i = 1001000

Theo kt cu v nguyn tc lm vic c phn thnh cc loi:

My nghin bi - my nghin bi chn ngMy nghin ba- My nghin kh nn.

II. MYP HM

II.1. i cng v phn loi

Trong cng nghip vt liu xy dng my p hm dng p th v p trung bnhcc loi vt liu rn.

Kch thc vt liu vo my: 200 - 1500mm v ra khi my: 5- 250 mm

Phng php tc dng lc l p dp gia 2 m my.Nu m chuyn ng song phng c thm lc mi, nu m c dng ln sng c thm

lc un. Nhng ni chung lc un v mi rt nh.

My p hm c nhiu kiu khc nhau, c bn thng c phn loi theo tnh chtchuyn ng ca m ng.

My c m chuynngn gin (tnh tin)

u: Lc p rt lnDng p nhng vt liu c kch thc rt lnMy lm vic an tonTrc lch tm t b hhi

Khuyt: My c cu to phc tpHiu qup nghin thp ( kh nng ko vt liu vo km)

My c m chuynng phc tp

u: Hiu qup nghin tt ( kh nng ko vt liu vo tt)My c cu to n ginNng sut cao

Khuyt: Lc p b gii hnTm lt mau b mi mnD hng trc lch tm khi qu ti.


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Trang II-10

II.2. S cu to v nguyn tc lm vic ca my p hm

II.2.1. Myp hm chuynngn gin

Scu to

3

13

710

2

5

1

8

9

11 12

6

Hnh 2.3a S nguyn l my p m n gin

Hnh 2.3b S cu to my p hm n gin


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Trang II-11

My gm gi my (1) c gn m tnh (2). Trc (3) treo m chuyn ng (4), trn m

ng v m tnh c lt tm lt bng thp Mn.5. Trc lch tm (6) mang bin (7). Pha sau gimy c b chim (8) v vt iu chnh (9) iu chnh gc kp gia 2 m my.

Nguyn l hotng

Bin (7) lin h vi m ng (4) v b chim (8) qua tm chng (10). Trc cng (11)v l xo (12) gi cho m ng lun v tr xc nh, ng thi c tc dng lm gim chnng my.

Khi my lm vic trc lch tm (6) quay ko theo bin (7) chuyn ng ln xung. Khibin (7) chuyn ng ln sy tm chng (10) tc ng vo m chuyn ng (4), m ng(4) nh xoay quanh trc (3) p vo m tnh (2) lm cho vt liu b p v nh ra.

Khi bin (7) chuyn ng xung, tm chng (10) thi tc dng vo m ng (4), nhl xo (12) qua trc cng (11) ko m ng tr li v tr ban u. Nh thvt liu c pp ri xung qua khe h gia 2 m my. Khe hc iu chnh bng vt (9) v b chm (8).

Trong qu trnh lm vic vt liu b p theo chu k ( vng quay ca trc lch tm).V vy c squ ti tc thi. Squ ti tc thi ca ng c sc trit tiu trc bng vlng vt ti (13). V lng s thu nng lng khi my chuyn ng khng ti v tr li nnglng khi my chuyn ng c ti, nh my lun lm vic c iu ha.

The two available sizes, EC-J-2236 and EC-J-3242, provide mid-range productivity forcontractors and producers.Their modern toggle seat arrangement employs a counter beveledwedge system in lieu of manually installed shims.This reduces adjustment time and allows forgreater maintenance ease.


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SPECIFICATIONS

Model 22x36 (550x900) 32x42 (800x1100)Weight 17,000 43,000

HP 100 150-200RPM 260 260

Jaw Setting Rang 1-1/2" to 5" 2" to 5"Closed Setting (mm) Capacities TPH(tonnes)1-1/2" (40) 45-60 (41-54)

2"(50) 55-72 (50-65) 65-135 (59-122)2-1/2" (65) 60-85 (54-77) 110-175 (99-158)

3"(75) 85-120 (77-108) 130-200 (117-180)3-1/2"(90) 105-135 (95-122) 148-230 (133-207)

4"(100) 110-155 (99-140) 170-250 (153-225)5"(125) 135-210 (122-189) 195-300(176-270)

Pitman Bearing *24044(220mm) *23156(280mm)Frame Bearing *23238(180mm) *24152(240mm)

Movable Jaw Die Length 48" 68"Fixed Jaw Die Length 47" 67"

GATOR currently offers eight sizes of PE Series jaw crusher ranging from the compact1016 model to the large and extremely heavy duty 3648 unit. These models are manufacturedwith welded frames and cast or welded pitman

SPECIFICATIONS (kch thc inch)

Model Feed Opening Weight DischargeSetting

ProductionTPH

HP Bearing Size RPM

PE1016 10"x16" 5900 3/4" to 2-1/2" 5 to 30 25 22328 300

PE1624 16"x24" 14300 1-1/2" to 4" 20 to 80 50 22236 275

PE1842 18"x42" 25000 2-1/2" to 6" 60 to 150 75 22344 275

PE2030 20"x30" 22600 2" to 4" 50 to 120 75 22248 275

PE2436 24"x36" 32000 3" to 5" 70 to 170 100 22340 250

PE3042 30"x42" 60500 3" to 6" 100 to 250 150 23176 250

PE3242 32"x42" 67500 4" to 8" 150 to 300 150 23176 250

PE3648 36"x48" 110000 4" to 8" 280 to 450 200 22344 200

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