Version 1.1

Preface

In this document the acronym CAD will be used repeatedly. CAD can be definedas Computer Aided Drawing, Computer Aided Drafting, or Computer AidedDesign. We can parse the semantics of the above definitions, but for all practicalpurposes they mean the same thing.

Developing CAD standards is a daunting task. It is difficult to do so for a singleDivision, let alone for an organization as large and varied as our Bureau. Thegoal of this document is to make a major stride toward standardization. Werealize that attempts have been made in the past with only marginal success. Butwith our computer network in place and major advances in the CAD platformitself, standards will be easy to follow, and easy to enforce.

This manual is not perfect, it is a development of a consensus of a variety ofCAD users and engineers and architects. Have we overlooked some? Mostlikely, but our goal is to make this a dynamic document. The Bureau has a widevariety of personnel who have been producing plans for their entire careers. Wewould be foolish not to solicit their input and support. But at the same time, themethod of plan drafting has changed and will continue to change. Designsoftware has automated the plan process. These programs are not as flexible aswe may like, but we are to some degree dependent on this software as to howdata is displayed. Committing to these changes offers us tremendous savings intime, but issues the call for changes in our traditional formats.

Every item addressed in this document was subject to after lengthy debate. Thatis not to say it is right, we are open to discussion. What is important is the endresult, a Bureau-wide CAD standard.

2INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................................................3

Background on the National CAD Standards....................................................................................................6Future Technologies ..............................................................................................................................................6

STANDARD UNITS......................................................................................................................................................7

SCALE..............................................................................................................................................................................7

LETTERING...................................................................................................................................................................8

Lettering Size...........................................................................................................................................................9Abbreviations ..........................................................................................................................................................9

LINE WORK.................................................................................................................................................................10

NORTH ARROW AND GRAPHIC SCALE........................................................................................................13

STANDARD TITLE SHEETS .................................................................................................................................15

Title Block ..............................................................................................................................................................16Working Drawings in the Standard Title Sheet...............................................................................................17

DETAILS .......................................................................................................................................................................18

SECTIONS ....................................................................................................................................................................21

DIMENSIONING.........................................................................................................................................................22

THE ROLE OF LAYERS IN CAD.........................................................................................................................24

LAYER FORMAT ......................................................................................................................................................... 24Simple Layer Format............................................................................................................................................24Discipline Code - ..................................................................................................................................................24Major Group..........................................................................................................................................................24Minor Group..........................................................................................................................................................24Status Layer Format.............................................................................................................................................25

DISCIPLINE CODES..................................................................................................................................................... 25Architecural Layers..............................................................................................................................................27Civil Layers............................................................................................................................................................30Electrical Layers...................................................................................................................................................31Fire Layers.............................................................................................................................................................33General Levels.......................................................................................................................................................34Hazardous Levels..................................................................................................................................................34Interior Levels .......................................................................................................................................................34Landscape Levels..................................................................................................................................................37Mechanical Levels................................................................................................................................................38Plumbing Levels....................................................................................................................................................40Equipment Levels..................................................................................................................................................40Resource Level ......................................................................................................................................................40Structural Levels...................................................................................................................................................41Telecomm Levels...................................................................................................................................................42Annotation Levels .................................................................................................................................................42Common Modifiers ...............................................................................................................................................42Survey Layers ........................................................................................................................................................42

CURRENT CAD ENGINES .....................................................................................................................................45

3Introduction

The purpose of Graphic Standards is to establish a consistent set of guidelinesfor the documentation of design solutions within the Bureau of Engineering. Thisdocument is seen as only the first phase of a two-part initiative to consolidateexisting CAD drafting standards and to develop data standards that address theentire life cycle of drawings and related documents.

Phase 1:Development of Graphic Presentation Standards.

Phase 2:Institute guidelines for nongraphic database standards and DocumentManagement.

The Bureau has had drafting standards that predate CAD. It is not our intentionto reinvent Drafting Standards, but to make minor changes to help the Standardsevolve. The existing standards that have been in print since the 1960s are a firmfoundation on which to proceed. Most methods of layout and display will remainthe same. Those changes that have been made were done so CAD in mind. Wehope to develop systems that will help us move to a more automated system. Allchanges will bring us closer to the National CAD Standard (NCS).

This document is not intended to serve as a technical or design textbook, nor is ita substitute for professional experience. Furthermore, the following pages do notaddress procedural issues, design practices, organizational responsibilities, norproject workflow. The primary intent is to address graphic issues, establishdirection, and provide good representative examples of construction documents,e.g., plans, sections, details, schedules, etc., for the varied design disciplineswithin the Bureau of Engineering. This first portion of the Standards Draft focuseson graphics.

4The group of experienced professionals who lent their time and expertise to thedevelopment of this Manual, had the following in mind as their objectives:

1. Achieve graphic consistency across the varied engineering disciplines,Divisions and Districts.

2. Provide professional guidelines to the City's consulting engineers in thepreparation of design and construction documents to be delivered to theCitys engineering organizations.

3. Establish a level of professionalism in the generation of constructiondocuments within, and for, the City of Los Angeles.

In preparing this document, input was sought from several engineeringdisciplines within the Bureau of Engineering and the professional community e.g.the AIA. The development process consisted of the following activities:

1. Gathered all existing graphic standards and good drawing samples,which could be found from engineers within the various disciplines.

3. Deleted outdated information and updated the standards by referencingrecently completed project sheets and graphic samples provided byengineers.

4. A Task Force met on an ongoing basis to address each section anddiscipline, one by one. Drafts were distributed to appropriate City staff forreview and comment and reviewed for concurrence.

5. A final draft was circulated and the comments incorporated into the finaldocument

5A document does not represent the end, but rather a beginning in developing alevel of consistency. Development of Graphic Standards is only the first step.Once a uniform look has been agreed upon, we can move forward to thedevelopment of templates, and styles. These styles will be fully automated intothe CAD system making the uniform look a natural development of the designprocess. This standard is intended to be neither static nor all-inclusive and thuswill be updated and enhanced as appropriate. Suggestions for improvements arestrongly encouraged so that subsequent updates will reflect the input and needsof CADD users within the Bureau.

6Background on the National CAD StandardsWorking together, the combined resources of the Tri-Service CAD/GISTechnology Center, the American Institute of Architects (AlA), the ConstructionSpecifications Institute (CSI), the United States Coast Guard, the Sheet Metaland Air Conditioning Contractors National Association (SMACNA), the GeneralServices Administration (GSA), and the National Institute of Building Sciences(NIBS) Facility Information Council began an effort to develop a single CADDstandard for the United States. These organizations developed an integrated setof documents that collectively represent the United States National CADStandards.

Future TechnologiesThere are several ongoing initiatives to create a universal language forcollaborative work in the area of building and construction software. This workstems from the need to automate current building and construction tasks tobecome more efficient and cost effective. One of these initiatives is by theInternational Alliance for Interoperability (IAI), a nonprofit building industryalliance comprising engineers, architects, contractors, software vendors,government agencies, research laboratories, and universities. The goal of the IAIis to unite the A/E/C business by specifying Industry Foundation Classes (IFCs)as a universal language. The concept behind the IFCs is to create a series ofstandard intelligent software objects for the building industry that allow allprocess disciplines (i.e., engineers, architects, designers, builders, facilitiesmanagers, etc.) to exchange information. The IAI is developing IFCs that allowcurrent software packages such as AutoCAD and MicroStation to share buildingand construction data. IFCs would improve the quality of the life cycle of abuilding from construction through maintenance and ultimately to demotion.These improvements would result from reductions in expense and delivery time,enhanced communications, and an increase in discipline proficiency.

A prerequisite of this effort is the deployment of mechanisms capable of retainingknowledge during the project life cycle. Intelligent Object Classes (lOCs) canserve this purpose. An IOC gathers information during the progression of theproject and makes it available to the participants. The structure of an IOCcontains information about the following:

Generic attributes of common use (e.g., identification, material).

Methods to support specialist tasks (e.g., volume calculations).

CAD representation information including geometry and topology.

Interrelationships with other objects.

As these new technologies become available it is important that the Bureau hasestablished a foundation that allows us to incorporate these advances.

7Standard UnitsThe Bureau uses both Decimal feet and Feet & Inches (Architectural units).Examples in this document use both of these units. It is understood that theseunits are interchangeable, that is 1/8 = 0.125 and depending on the disciplineeither could be used.

The impact of the Standard International (SI), more commonly referred to as themetric system, is addressed on such items as drawing scales, sheet sizes, anddimensioning. The SI was established by the General Conference of Weightsand Measures of 1960, as interpreted or modified from time to time for the UnitedStates by the Secretary of Commerce under the authority of Public Law 94-168,the Metric Conversion Act of 1975, and the Metric Education Act of 1978. All SIissues should be referred to the Bureau of Engineerings Metric ConversionManual dated January 31, 1995.

ScaleThe most common horizontal scales used on civil plan sheets are 1"=20' or1=40', vertical scale on profile sheets would be 1"=4' or 1=8. Other scales,such as 1"=10', 1"=100' are used when work to be delineated can be betterdisplayed.

Structural and architectural sheets are usually drawn at any of the scales on theArchitect's scale. Mechanical plans can be drawn on civil or architectural scales.These preferred scales are: 1/4"=1', 3/8"=1', 1/ 2"=1', 3/4"=1', 1"-1', 1-1/2=1and 3"=1'.

Electrical and instrumentation work is usually shown diagrammatically. Enlargedsections and details are usually drawn using an Architects scale.

All scales should be indicated on the plans directly below the North Arrow ordetail. A graphic scale should be on all plan drawings. If no scale is used, thisshould be indicated by the words "Not to Scale".

8LetteringThe final product, which the design group strives for, are contract drawings whichmust be reproduced for distribution and microfilmed for City record. Lines andlettering must be of adequate size and weight to produce legible reproductions.

In order to promote uniformity on all Bureau drawings it is imperative that thesame lettering style be used on all CAD drawings. The font style to be used by isArial. It will be vertical only with no slant or oblique angle. All text will be uppercase.

Example of vertical Arial:

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789

Normally, all letters and figures are readable from either the bottom or right edgeof the sheet. Lettering should be viewed from the bottom or the right end of thesheet, as indicated in the example below.

9Lettering Size

1. Primary title for all details sections, plans and elevations shall be 0.25(1/4) inches in height.

2. Secondary titles or subtitles shall be 0.188 (3/16) inches in height.

3. Lettering size for information related to construction information was shallbe 0.16 (5/32).

4. All general notations and dimensions shall be 0.125 (1/8) inches in height.

5. Lettering shall never be less than 0.09 (3/32) inches height.

General text is the primary size used for all notes. The minimum should beavoided, and used only on point elevations.

Abbreviations

The standard abbreviations to be used on the plan sheet are those listed in theStandard Specification for Public Works Construction.

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Line WorkDrafting Technicians, Designers and Engineers must keep in mind that eventhough they are working in a CADD environment, the final product will be printed.Line weights and types are used to convey information about the objects thatthey represent. In order to insure clarity, line work must be consistent anduniform. To this end, work must be uniform throughout the drawing. Lines mustbe of adequate size and weight to produce legible reproduction on full size prints,half-size prints and on microfilm.

Line Weight:Line widths are varied to distinguish features. The more basic outlining featuresare drawn with heavier (wider) lines. This gives them emphasis. Examples arebase lines, construction layout lines, and the basic outline of objects. Mediumweight lines are used for proposed construction and right of way. Fine lines, e.g.centerlines, are used for existing centerlines, topography, dimensioning andother less important details. Dashed lines are used to distinguish existing fromproposed work. Dashed line fonts are also used as hidden lines. Very fine lineweights will not reproduce clearly on microfilm and should not be used. Spacingbetween lines should be at least 0.05, to avoid closed up or blocked in spaceson microfilm.

Line Types:In the following tables are suggestions for Bureau standards. Most changes areminor and reflect the current lines now in use. I am sure some line types wereinadvertently left off the list. Please submit any line types that need to be added.

A major change suggested is with substructure and overhead utility lines. It is ourrecommendation to embed text into the line to help clarify its character. We dontnecessarily believe that these embedded line fonts should be used for thepurposes of storm water and sewer design. But the advantages of these fonts forlocation of substructures both existing and proposed is obvious.

Screening:Screened images are created through a process called half-toning in which thedensity and pattern of black and white dots are varied to simulate differentshades of gray. Varying the intensity of gray scales allows users to distinguishdifferent aspects of a drawing when it is plotted. For example, an area on a sitedesignated for demolition can be assigned a color that has been assigned ascreening percentage. When plotted, the area will be shown at a lighter shadecompared with other elements in the drawing. This will allow the contractor toimmediately identify the demolition area on the drawing. On plans the existingculture should be screened.

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Line Type Symbol Uses of lineWidth

2" dash + 1/8" dash Centerline and transitline (label, except CL on plan)Solid Extension, dimension and leader lines

0.25 mm 2" dashes Station lines3/4" dashes Existing contours

Solid Proposed contours3/4" dashes Radial lines, match lines, pavement elev., section lines

Solid Non-street easement linesSolid Cross hatching or screen

As shown Break or cut lines1" dash + 1" arrow Flow Line

1/4" dashes Ex. Curb, gutter, walk, dwy, pvmt, building, wall, etc.1/2" dashes Easement lines

Solid Grid lines0.35 mm Solid Lot lines, traffic lane lines

3/4" dashes Lot cut lines1/8" dashes Ex. Footings, roof drains, structures, hidden lines

Solid Property lines, street easement linesAs shown Existing chain link fencelineAs shown Existing wood fenceline

Solid SEE STD. PLAN S-623 Surface culture1" dash + 2-1/8" dashes City boundary line (label)

Solid Existing or proposed non-street easement linesSolid Proposed C&G, walk, dwy, pvmt, roof dr, detail outlinesSolid Log of test boring, proposed ground line

2" dashes Future curb (label)Solid Existing or proposed ground line (label)

0.40 mm 3/4" dashes Existing ground line (label)2" dashes IDENTICAL line

1.5" dash + 0.017" dash Traffic signal, police and fire alarm conduits1.5" dash + 2- 0.017" dash Electrolier lighting conduit

1.5" dashes Other substructuresSolid Proposed catch basins & connector pipes

0.50 mm Solid Join line at existing pavement or structureSolid Proposed house connectionsSolid Existing or proposed street R/W lines

0.60 mm 1" dash + 2-1/8" dashes City boundary line (label)1.20 mm 2" dash + 1/8" dash Assesment boundary lines

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Line Type Symbol Uses of lineWidth

1/2" dash + 1/16" gap E Exsisting electrical lineSolid + 1/16" gap E Proposed electrical line

1/2" dash + 1/16" gap G Existing gas lineSolid + 1/16" gap G Proposed gas line

1/2" dash + 1/16" gap GS Existing gasoline lineSolid + 1/16" gap GS Proposed gasoline line

1/2" dash + 1/16" gap o Existing oil lineSolid + 1/16" gap o Proposed oil line

1/2" dash + 1/16" gap T Existing telephone line0.15 mm Solid + 1/16" gap T Proposed telephone line

1/2" dash + 1/16" gap OHS Existing overhead lineSolid + 1/16" gap OHS Proposed overhead line

1/2" dash + 1/16" gap TV Existing TV lineSolid + 1/16" gap TV Proposed TV line

1/2" dash + 1/16" gap W Exiting water lineSolid + 1/16" gap W Proposed water line

1/2" dash + 1/16" gap S Existing sewer lineSolid + 1/16" gap S Proposed sewer line

1/2" dash + 1/16" gap SD Existing storm drain lineSolid + 1/16" gap SD Proposed storm drain line

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North Arrow and Graphic Scale

All site plans require a North Arrow. Some plans require a North Arrow showingmagnetic North, and a North Arrow indicating a Grid or Plant North. In thesecases the North Arrows need to be clearly identified.

Because North should always be seen as up as viewed on any sheet, and allstandard sheets are to be viewed from the bottom or from the right hand side, theorientation of the map should never be greater than 90 degrees from up.

See example below. This is a major departure from previous standards thatencouraged a down North Arrow. This is unnatural to casual observers andviolates common cartographic convention.

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A Graphic Scale should accompany North Arrows.See typical examples below. (please note MS Word has a problem reproducingthe graphics below. All lines are smooth and straight. There are no steps.)

Note: The size of the north arrow on the drawing shall be as shown as above.Scale appropriately in model space to achieve proper size.

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Standard Title Sheets

Accompanying this document are several drawings that are proposed TitleSheets. Plotting the sheets in this document would not produce the qualityneeded to approve or review. Choosing a Title Block is an important step, andcreating one that will serve the entire Bureau is difficult. We need and want toinclude a wide variety of users in this decision. To this end we have included fourpossible title blocks on Sheet 1.

For Sheet 2 we have included one example, by consensus we feel this is thebest choice. But again we realize that this sheet must fulfill the diverse needs ofthe Bureau. We actively seek constructive feedback. One major change in thisproposed Standard Title Block is the inclusion of a Modular Grid system.

Sheet sizes:Typical projects will be prepared on Architectural equivalent D sheets (24x36).Other sizes may be used when projects warrant. , ANSI, and Architectural SheetSize Comparison

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Title BlockWe recommend the use of a vertical title block placed in the right-hand margin ofthe border sheet as shown in below. Use of the vertical title block provides themost usable drawing space on a sheet. The vertical title block also ensures thatthe most prevalent and pertinent information remains at the bottom right of thesheet. In compliance with the Uniform Drawing System (CSI 1997), title blockdata will include the following:

Management block

Designer identification block (Bureau Logo)

Project identificationblock/sheet title block

Sheet identification block

Issue block

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Designer identification block:Contains the Bureaus logo. This could be replaced with the Department of PublicWorks logo.

Management block:The management block contains information about the Division, which producedthe drawing. This block is for the signature, it includes space for the engineers,surveyors or architects seal.

Issue block:The issue block contains information about the designer, reviewer, plot scale, ahistory of revisions, addendum, and/or clarifications to the sheet. It will alsoinclude the Index number.

Project identification block/sheet title block:The project identification block/sheet title block contains the sheet title, projectname, and the location or phase of the project identified.

Sheet identification block:This block contains the sheet identifier. This sheet identifier is composed of thedrawing number, sheet number and the sheet sequence number.

Working Drawings in the Standard Title Sheet

The most substantial change proposed by this committee is in the workingdrawings. We propose moving to a grid system for working drawings that willfacilitate the National CAD Standards. It is not our idea to change for the sake ofchange, but for the advantages we see in this approach to CAD management.

This organizational system ensures consistency and clarity of constructiondocuments. Each module block consists of a center zone for drawings and text, aborder with dimension strings, and a title block. The blocks are laid out on thefinal working drawing with the help of a background grid. The final workingdrawing consists of Zone 1 for title block and legend Information, Zone 2 forgraphics, and Zone 3 for perimeter margin.

The methodology applies to documents generated by hand or by CADD. Everypracticing engineer or architect can appreciate the difficulties of assembling aclearly organized and consistent set of construction documents. The larger theproject, the more complicated the task. For some projects, the drawings becomedesign projects in themselves. While CADD vastly improves accuracy anduniformity, the organization of the material has not changed. The computer; like apencil, is just another drafting tool - not a change in methodology.

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Sheets sized 18-by-24 inches and larger are divided into three zones. Zone 1, avertical box located on the right-hand side of a drawing, contains the title blockand legend formation. Zone 2, the bulk of the drawing is designated for graphics.Zone 3 is relegated to the perimeter margin. The graphic zone (2) is furthersubdivided by a grid 2 wide by 1.75 modules. The module becomes the basicunit for all drawings. A specific graphic detail will fit within a certain number ofmodules to form a module block, which consists of one or all of the modules onthe sheet. The block has its own internal organization, which ensures that alldrawings on the sheet are consistent.

DetailsThis system limits drawing sheets to specific dimensions that fit the underlyingmodule (below). This format allows for the transfer of information from a smalldetail sketch to the final drawing. This standardization will encourage andmaintain a file of accepted office details that can be reused on other projects,thereby eliminating inconsistency both within a given job and among all otherprojects.

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As shown the detail below will be labeled as location of the bottom left corner.

In the detail below SMALL WIDGET the call out is found in grid H6, title isSMALL WIDGET, scale is =1, and the detail is referenced on Plan Sheet S-2.

Title and Grid number is or0.25 in height. Scale andreference is 1/8 or 0.125 inheight.

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The callout bubble for detail will not change. Using the example above, the detailwould appear on the plan sheet as shown below.

The detail is H6 as shown on sheet S-3

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Sections

Section callout bubble shall have a diameter of 0.75 (3/4) inches and shall beconstructed as shown below.

Information inside the bubble shall always remain horizontal, section line andcap will rotate around bubble as shown below.

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DimensioningThe overall dimension and string dimensions shall be located sufficiently awayfrom the object drawing to ensure uniformity and clarity. String dimensions shallbe arranged on each object drawing to minimize dimensioning errors. Scatteringof the dimensions should be avoided if at all possible.

Features should be dimensioned by the method that most clearly shows thedesign requirements. Bilateral, unilateral, and limit dimensions may all be usedon the same drawing to achieve this requirement. Dimensioning shall conform tothe following guidelines:

1. Dimension, extension and leader lines shall not cross each other unlessabsolutely necessary. When it is unavoidable, a dimension line is neverbroken except for insertion of the dimension. An extension or leader lineshall not run through a dimension nor shall they be broken except wherethey pass through or adjacent to arrowheads.

2. Dimensions are shown in the view that most clearly represents the form ofthe feature.

3. Sufficient dimensions shall be shown to clearly define size, shape andposition of each feature.

4. A feature shall not be located by more than one tolerance dimension inany one direction.

5. Unless clarity is improved, dimensions are shown outside the outline ofthe part.

6. Each dimension shall be expressed clearly so that it can be interpreted inonly one-way.

7. Center line; object lines or extension lines should not be used asdimension lines.

8. Dimensioning to hidden lines shall be avoided.

9. Staggered dimensions shall be used to prevent interference with otherdimensions.

10. When shown in profile, diametrical dimensions may be specified as DIA orthe symbol ? ?to avoid showing end views of round objects.

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Dimensioning conventions used on plans are shown in the sample drawingsbelow. These conventions should be followed as closely as possible to ensureuniformity and clarity. The example below is in inches, the concepts hold true fordecimal feet.

Layout Notes:

*Place dimensionoutside only whenspace is too small.

**Break for dimensionarrow. Dimensionexpressed in 1 '-0"(do not use 12").

Decimal dimensions need to be carried out to their proper significant number.

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The Role of Layers in CADThe Layer is the basic tool used in CAD for managing visual information. Byaccommodating the reuse of information, layers reduce drawing time andimprove project coordination. Layers are the appropriate tools for managing thevisual aspects of graphic entities. The CAD Layers are organized as a hierarchystructure. Layers names are alphanumeric and use abbreviations. Users havethe flexibility to expand and add user-defined extensions as necessary. The usercan define the minor group field. This should only be done if a defined layerdoes not apply to a project.

Layer Format

Simple Layer Format

Discipline Code -The Discipline code is a two-character field with the second characters either a

hyphen or a user-defined modifier (to further define the discipline).

Major GroupThe Major group designation identifies the building system. The major groupsare logically grouped with specific discipline codes.

Minor GroupThe minor group is a four-character field for further differentiation of Majorgroups.

A - W A L L - F U L L

Discipline Code

Major GroupMinor Group

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Status Layer FormatSame as above, but with four-character status field added. This designatordifferentiates new construction from remodeling and existing to remain. It is onlyneeded when phases of work must be differentiated.

Discipline CodesA ArchitecturalC CivilE ElectricalF Fire ProtectionG GeneralH Hazardous MaterialsI InteriorsL LandscapeM MechanicalP PlumbingQ EquipmentR ResourceS StructuralT TelecommunicationsV SurveyX Other disciplinesZ Contractor/shop drawings

A - W A L L -

DisciplineCode Major Group

F U L L

MinorGroup

- D E M

Status

ODiscipline Code

A -

A L L -

Major Group

W

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Major Group defines construction systems, and help to further define the buildingsystem.For example: C-SSWRCivil Sanitary Sewer manholes, pumping stations

Minor Group defines further differentiation of the building system.For example: C-SSWR-UNDR

Civil Sanitary Sewer manholes, pumping stationsSanitary Sewer underground lines

Status field modifiesFor example: C-SSWR-UNDR-NEWW

Civil Sanitary Sewer manholes, pumping stationsSanitary Sewer underground linesNew Work

F U L L

MinorGroup

-

D E M

Status

O

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Architecural LayersDisciplin

e CodeMajorGroup

MinorGroup

Status UserDefined

Description

A WALL FULL Full-height walls, stair and shaft walls,walls to structure

A WALL PRHT Partial-height walls (do not appear onreflected ceiling plans)

A WALL MOVE Moveable partitionsA WALL HEAD Door and window headers (appear on

reflected ceiling plans)A WALL JAMB Door and window jambs (do not

appear on reflected ceiling plans)A WALL PATT Wall insulation, hatching and fillA WALL ELEV Wall surfaces; 3D viewsA WALL FIRE Fire wall patterningA DOOR DoorsA DOOR FULL Full-height (to ceiling) door: swing and

leafA DOOR PRHT Partial-height door: swing and leafA DOOR IDEN Door number, hardware group, etc.A DOOR ELEV Doors: 3D viewsA GLAZ Windows, window walls, curtain walls,

glazed partitionsA GLAZ FULL Full-height glazed walls and partitionsA GLAZ PRHT Windows, and partial-height glazed

partitionsA GLAZ SILL WindowsillsA GLAZ IDEN Window numberA GLAZ ELEV Glazing and mullions - elevation viewsA FLOR Floor informationA FLOR OTLN Floor or building outlineA FLOR LEVL Level changes, ramps, pits,

depressionsA FLOR STRS Stair treads, escalators, laddersA FLOR RISR Stair risersA FLOR HRAL Stair and balcony handrails, guard railsA FLOR EVTR Elevator cars and equipmentA FLOR TPTN Toilet partitionsA FLOR SPCL Architectural specialties (toilet room

accessories, display cases)A FLOR WDWK Architectural woodwork (field-built

cabinets and counters)A FLOR CASE Casework (manufactured cabinets)

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A FLOR OVHD Overhead items (skylights, overhangsusually dashed line)

A FLOR RAIS Raised floorsA FLOR IDEN Room numbers, names, targets, etc.A FLOR PATT Paving, tile, carpet patternsA FLOR PFIX Plumbing fixturesA FLOR FIXT Miscellaneous fixturesA FLOR SIGN SignageA EQPM EquipmentA EQPM FIXD Fixed equipmentA EQPM MOVE Moveable equipmentA EQPM NICN Equipment not in contractA EQPM ACCS Equipment accessA EQPM IDEN Equipment identification numbersA EQPM ELEV Equipment surfaces: 3D viewsA EQPM CLNG Ceiling mounted or suspended

equipmentA FURN FurnitureA FURN FREE Furniture: freestanding (desks,

credenzas, etc.)A FURN CHAIR Chairs and other seatingA FURN FILE File cabinetsA FURN PNLS Furniture system panelsA FURN WKSF Furniture system work surface

componentsA FURN STOR Furniture system storage componentsA FURN POWR Furniture system power designationsA FURN IDEN Furniture numbersA FURN PLNT PlantsA FURN PATT Finish patternsA FURN ELEV Furniture: 3D viewsA CLNG Ceiling informationA CLNG GRID Ceiling gridA CLNG OPEN Ceiling/roof penetrationsA CLNG TEES Main teesA CLNG SUSP Suspended elementsA CLNG PATT Ceiling patternsA CLNG ACCS Ceiling accessA LITE Lighting fixturesA COLS ColumnsA HVAC SDFF Supply diffusersA HVAC RDFF Return air diffusersA GRID Planning grid or column gridA ROOF RoofA ROOF OTLN Roof outline

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A ROOF LEVL Level changes, ramps, pits,depressions

A ROOF STRS Stair treads, laddersA ROOF RISR Stair risersA ROOF HRAL Stair handrails, nosing, guardrailsA ROOF PATT Roof surface patterns, hatchingA ROOF ELEV Roof surfaces: 3D viewsA AREA Area calculation boundary linesA AREA PATT Area cross hatchingA AREA IDEN Room numbers, tenant identifications,

area calculationA AREA OCCP Occupant or employee namesA ELEV Interior and exterior elevationsA ELEV OTLN Building outlinesA ELEV FNSH Finishes, woodwork, trimA ELEV CASE Wall mounted caseworkA ELEV FIXT Miscellaneous fixturesA ELEV PFIXT Plumbing fixtures in elevationA ELEV SIGN SignageA ELEV PATT Textures and hatch patternsA ELEV IDEN Component identification numbersA SECT SectionsA SECT MCUT Material cut by sectionA SECT MBND Material beyond section cutA SECT PATT Textures and hatch patternsA SECT IDEN Component identification numbersA DETL DetailsA DETL MCUT Material cut by sectionA DETL MBND Material beyond section cutA DETL PATT Textures and hatch patternsA DETL IDEN Component identification numbers

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Civil LayersDISC Major

GroupMinorGroup

Status UserDef.

Description

C PROP Property lines, survey benchmarksC PROP ESMT Easements, rights of way, setback linesC PROP BRNG Bearings and distance labelsC PROP CONS Construction controlsC TOPO Proposed contour lines and elvationsC TOPO SPOT Spot elevationsC TOPO BORE Test boringsC BLDG Proposed building footprintsC PKNG Parking lotsC PKNG STRP Parking lot striping, handicapped

symbolC PKNG CARS Graphic illustration of carsC PKNG ISLD Parking islandsC PKNG DRAN Parking lot drainage slope indicationsC ROAD RoadwaysC ROAD CNTR Center linesC ROAD CURB CurbsC STRM Storm drainage catch basins, manholesC STRM UNDR Storm drainage pipe undergroundC COMM Site communication/telephone poles,

boxes, towersC COMM UNDR Underground communication linesC COMM OVHD Overhead communication linesC WATR Domestic water - manholes, pumping

stations, storage tanksC WATR UNDR Domestic water - manholes, pumping

stations, Domestic water - undergroundlines

C FIRE Fire protection - hydrants, connectionsC FIRE UNDR Fire protection - underground linesC NGAS Natural gas - underground linesC SSWR Sanitary sewer - manholes, pumping

stationsC SSWR UNDR Sanitary sewer - underground lines

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Electrical Layers

Disc. MajorGroup

MinorGroup

Status UserDef.

Description

E LITE LightingE LITE SPCL Special lightingE LITE EMER Emergency lightingE LITE EXIT Exit lightingE LITE CLNG Ceiling mounted lightingE LITE WALL Wall mounted lightingE LITE FLOR Floor mounted lightingE LITE OTLN Lighting outline for background

(optional)E LITE NUMB Lighting circuit numbersE LITE ROOF Roof lightingE LITE SITE Site lighting (see also civil group)E LITE SWCH Lighting switchesE LITE CIRC Lighting circuitsE LITE IDEN Luminaries identification and textE LITE JBOX Junction boxE POWR PowerE POWR WALL Power wall outlets and receptaclesE POWR CLNG Power - ceiling receptacles and

devicesE POWR PANL Power panelsE POWR EQPM Power equipmentE POWR SWBD Power switchboardsE POWR CIRC Power circuitsE POWR URAC Underflow racewaysE POWR UCPT Under carpet wiringE POWR CABL Cable traysE POWR FEED FeedersE POWR BUSW BuswaysE POWR NUMB Power circuit numbersE POWR IDEN Power identification, textE POWR SITE Site power (see also civil group)E POWR ROOF Roof powerE POWR OTLN Power outline for backgroundsE POWR JBOX Junction boxE CTRL Electric control systemE CTRL DEVC Control system devicesE CTRL WIRE Control system wiringE GRND Ground systemE GRND CIRC Ground system circuits

32

E GRND REFR Reference ground systemE GRND EQUI Equipotential ground systemE GRND DIAG Ground system diagramE AUXL Auxiliary systemsE LTNG Lightning protection systemE FIRE Fire alarm, fire extinguishersE COMM Telephone, communication outletsE DATA Data outletsE SOUND Sound/ PA systemE TVAN TV antenna systemE CCTV Closed-circuit TVE NURS Nurse call systemE SERT SecurityE PGNG Paging systemE DICT Central dictation systemE BELL Bell systemE CLOK Clock systemE ALRM Miscellaneous alarm systemE INTC Intercom systemE LEGN Legend of symbolsE 1LIN One-line diagramsE RISR Riser diagramE SITE Site electrical substations, polesE SITE LITE Site lightingE SITE UNDR Underground electrical linesE SITE POLE Electric polesE SITE OVHD Overhead lines

33

Fire LayersDis Major

GroupMinorGroup

Status User Description

F CO2S CO2 systemF CO2S PIPE CO2 sprinkler pipingF CO2S EQPM CO2 equipmentF HALN HalonF HALN EQPM Halon equipmentF HALN PIPE Halon pipeF IGAS Inert gasF IGAS EQPM Inert gas equipmentF IGAS PIPE Inert gas pipingF SPRN Fire protection sprinkler systemF SPRN CLHD Sprinkler head - ceilingF SPRN OTHD Sprinkler head - otherF SPRN PIPE Sprinkler pipingF SPRN STAN Sprinkler system standpipeF STAN Fire protection standpipe systemF PROT Fire protection systemsF PROT EQPM Fire system equipment (fire hose

cabinet extinguishersF PROT ALRM Fire alarmF PROT SMOK Smoke detectors/heat sensors

34

General LevelsDisc. Major

GroupMinorGroup

Status UserDef.

Description

G PLAN Floor plan - key planG SITE Site plan - key mapG ACCS Access planG FIRE Fire protection planG EVAC Evacuation planG CODE Code compliance plan

Hazardous LevelsDisc. Major

GroupMinorGroup

Status UserDef.

Description

H PLAN Floor planH SITE Site plan

Interior LevelsDisc. Major

GroupMinorGroup

Status UserDef.

Description

I WALL FULL Full-height walls, stair and shaft walls,walls to structure

I WALL PRHT Partial-height walls (do not appear onreflected ceiling plans)

I WALL MOVE Moveable partitionsI WALL HEAD Door and window headers (appear on

reflected ceiling plans)I WALL JAMB Door and window jambs (do not appear

on reflected ceiling plans)I WALL PATT Wall insulation, hatching and fillI WALL ELEV Wall surfaces; 3D viewsI WALL FIRE Fire wall patterningI DOOR DoorsI DOOR FULL Full-height (to ceiling) door: swing and

leafI DOOR PRHT Partial-height door: swing and leafI DOOR IDEN Door number, hardware group, etc.I DOOR ELEV Doors: 3D viewsI GLAZ Windows, window walls, curtain walls,

glazed partitionsI GLAZ FULL Full-height glazed walls and partitionsI GLAZ PRHT Windows, and partial-height glazed

partitionsI GLAZ SILL Windowsills

35

I GLAZ IDEN Window numberI GLAZ ELEV Glazing and mullions - elevation viewsI FLOR Floor informationI FLOR OTLN Floor or building outlineI FLOR LEVL Level changes, ramps, pits,

depressionsI FLOR STRS Stair treads, escalators, laddersI FLOR RISR Stair risersI FLOR HRAL Stair and balcony handrails, guard railsI FLOR EVTR Elevator cars and equipmentI FLOR TPTN Toilet partitionsI FLOR SPCL Architectural specialties (toilet room

accessories, display cases)I FLOR WDWK Architectural woodwork (field-built

cabinets and counters)I FLOR CASE Casework (manufactured cabinets)I FLOR OVHD Overhead items (skylights, overhangs

usually dashed line)I FLOR RAIS Raised floorsI FLOR IDEN Room numbers, names, targets, etc.I FLOR PATT Paving, tile, carpet patternsI FLOR PFIX Plumbing fixturesI FLOR FIXT Miscellaneous fixturesI FLOR SIGN SignageI EQPM EquipmentI EQPM FIXD Fixed equipmentI EQPM MOVE Moveable equipmentI EQPM NICN Equipment not in contractI EQPM ACCS Equipment accessI EQPM IDEN Equipment identification numbersI EQPM ELEV Equipment surfaces: 3D viewsI EQPM CLNG Ceiling mounted or suspended

equipmentI FURN FurnitureI FURN FREE Furniture: freestanding (desks,

credenzas, etc.)I FURN CHAIR Chairs and other seatingI FURN FILE File cabinetsI FURN PNLS Furniture system panelsI FURN WKSF Furniture system work surface

componentsI FURN STOR Furniture system storage componentsI FURN POWR Furniture system power designationsI FURN IDEN Furniture numbersI FURN PLNT Plants

36

I FURN PATT Finish patternsI FURN ELEV Furniture: 3D viewsI CLNG Ceiling informationI CLNG GRID Ceiling gridI CLNG OPEN Ceiling/roof penetrationsI CLNG TEES Main teesI CLNG SUSP Suspended elementsI CLNG PATT Ceiling patternsI CLNG ACCS Ceiling accessI LITE Lighting fixturesI COLS ColumnsI HVAC SDFF Supply diffusersI HVAC RDFF Return air diffusersI GRID Planning grid or column gridI ROOF RoofI ROOF OTLN Roof outlineI ROOF LEVL Level changes, ramps, pits,

depressionsI ROOF STRS Stair treads, laddersI ROOF RISR Stair risersI ROOF HRAL Stair handrails, nosing, guardrailsI ROOF PATT Roof surface patterns, hatchingI ROOF ELEV Roof surfaces: 3D viewsI AREA Area calculation boundary linesI AREA PATT Area cross hatchingI AREA IDEN Room numbers, tenant identifications,

area calculationI AREA OCCP Occupant or employee namesI ELEV Interior and exterior elevationsI ELEV OTLN Building outlinesI ELEV FNSH Finishes, woodwork, trimI ELEV CASE Wall mounted caseworkI ELEV FIXT Miscellaneous fixturesI ELEV PFIXT Plumbing fixtures in elevationI ELEV SIGN SignageI ELEV PATT Textures and hatch patternsI ELEV IDEN Component identification numbersI SECT SectionsI SECT MCUT Material cut by sectionI SECT MBND Material beyond section cutI SECT PATT Textures and hatch patternsI SECT IDEN Component identification numbersI DETL DetailsI DETL MCUT Material cut by sectionI DETL MBND Material beyond section cut

37

I DETL PATT Textures and hatch patternsI DETL IDEN Component identification numbers

Landscape LevelsDisc. Major

GroupMinorGroup

Status UserDef.

Description

L PLNT Plant and landscape materialsL PLNT TREE TreesL PLNT GRND Ground covers and vinesL PLNT BEDS Rock, bark, and other landscaping bedsL PLNT TURF Lawn areaL PLNT PLAN Planting plantsL IRRG Irrigation systemL IRRG SPKL Irrigation sprinklersL IRRG PIPE Irrigation pipingL IRRG EQPM Irrigation equipmentL IRRG COVR Irrigation coverageL WALK Walks and stepsL WALK PATT Walks and steps - cross hatch patternsL SITE Site improvementsL SITE FENC FencingL SITE WALL WallsL SITE STEP StepsL SITE DECK DecksL SITE BRDG BridgesL SITE POOL Pools and spasL SITE SPRT Sports fieldsL SITE PLAY Play structuresL SITE FURN Site furnishings

38

Mechanical LevelsDisc. Major

GroupMinorGroup

Status UserDef.

Description

M BRIN Brine systemsM BRIN EQPM Brine systems equipmentM BRIN PIPE Brine systems pipingM CHIM Prefabricated chimneysM CMPA Compressed air systemsM CMPA CEQP Compressed air equipmentM CMPA PPIP Compressed air pipingM CMPA PEQP Process air pipingM CONT Controls and instrumentationM CONT THER ThermostatsM CONT WIRE Low voltage wiringM DUST Dust and fume collection systemM DUST EQPM Dust and fume collection equipmentM DUST DUCT Dust and fume ductworkM ENGR Energy management systemM ENGR EQPM Energy management equipmentM ENGR WIRE Energy management wiringM RCOV Energy recoveryM RCOV EQPM Energy recovery equipmentM RCOV PIPE Energy recovery pipingM FUME EXHS Fume hood exhaust systemM FUME EQPM Fume hoodsM EXHS Exhaust systemM EXHS EQPM Exhaust system equipmentM EXHS DUCT Exhaust system ductworkM EXHS RFEQ Rooftop exhaust equipmentM FUEL Fuel system pipingM FUEL GPRP Fuel gas process pipingM FUEL GGEP Fuel gas general pipingM FUEL OPRP Fuel oil process pipingM FUEL OGEP Fuel oil general pipingM HVAC HVAC systemsM HVAC CDFF HVAC ceiling diffusersM HVAC ODFF HVAC other diffusersM HVAC DUCT HVAC ductworkM HVAC EQPM HVAC equipmentM HVAC SDFF Supply diffusersM HVAC RDFF Return air diffusersM HOTW Hot water heating systemM HOTW EQPM Hot water equipmentM HOTW PIPE Hot water piping

39

M CWTR Chilled water systemM CWTR PIPE Chilled water pipingM CWTR EQPM Chilled water equipmentM MACH Machine shop equipmentM MDGS Medical gas systemsM MDGS EQPM Medical gas equipmentM MDGS PIPE Medical gas pipingM LGAS Laboratory gas systemsM LGAS EQPM Laboratory gas equipmentM LGAS PIPE Laboratory gas pipingM NGAS Natural gas systemM NGAS EQPM Natural gas equipmentM NGAS PIPE Natural gas pipingM PROC Process systemsM PROC EQPM Process equipmentM PROC PIPE Process pipingM REFG Refrigeration systemsM REFG EQPM Refrigeration equipmentM REFG PIPE Refrigeration pipingM SPCL Special systemM SPCL EQPM Special systems equipmentM SPCL PIPE Special systems pipingM STEM Steam systemsM STEM CONP Steam systems condesate pipingM STEM EQPM Steam systems equipmentM STEM LPIP Low pressure steam pipingM STEM HPIP High pressure steam pipingM STEM MPIP Medium pressure steam pipingM TEST EQPM Test equipment

40

Plumbing LevelsDisc. Major

GroupMinorGroup

Status UserDef.

Description

P ACID Acid, alkaline, oil waste systemsP ACID PIPE Acid, alkaline, oil waste pipingP DOMW Domestic hot and cold water systemsP DOMW EQPM Domestic hot and cold water equipmentP DOMW HPIP Domestic hot water pipingP DOMW CPIP Domestic cold water pipingP DOMW RISR Domestic hot and cold water risersP SANR Sanitary drainageP SANR PIPE Sanitary pipingP SANR FIXT Plumbing fixturesP SANR FLDR Floor drainsP SANR RISR Sanitary risersP SANR EQPM Sanitary equipmentP STRM Storm drainage systemP STRM PIPE Storm drain pipingP STRM RISR Storm drain risersP STRM RFDR Roof drainsP EQPM Plumbing miscellaneous equipmentP FIXT Plumbing fixtures

Equipment LevelsDisc. Major

GroupMinorGroup

Status UserDef.

Description

Q OTLN Equipment outlinesQ POWR Power informationQ PIPE Piping information

Resource LevelDisc Major

GroupMinorGroup

Status UserDef.

Description

R OTLN Outline or profile graphicsR DETL Additional detail graphicsR PATT Textures and hatch patternsR ANNO Annotation

41

Structural LevelsDisc Major

GroupMinorGroup

Status UserDef

Description

S GRID Column gridS GRID EXTR Column grid outside buildingS GRID INTR Column grid inside buildingS GRID DIMS Column grid dimensionsS GRID IDEN Column grid tagsS FNDN FoundationS FNDN PILE Piles, drilled piersS FNDN RBAR Foundation reinforcingS SLAB SlabS SLAB EDGE Edge of slabS SLAB RBAR Slab reinforcingS SLAB JOIN Slab control jointsS ABLT Anchor boltsS COLS ColumnsS WALL Structural bearing or shear wallsS METL Miscellaneous metalS BEAM BeamS JOIS JoistsS DECK Structural floor deck

S GRID Column gridS GRID EXTR Column grid outside buildingS GRID INTR Column grid inside buildingS GRID DIMS Column grid dimensionsS GRID IDEN Column grid tagsS FNDN FoundationS FNDN PILE Piles, drilled piersS FNDN RBAR Foundation reinforcingS SLAB SlabS SLAB EDGE Edge of slabS SLAB RBAR Slab reinforcingS SLAB JOIN Slab control jointsS ABLT Anchor boltsS COLS ColumnsS WALL Structural bearing or shear wallsS METL Miscellaneous metalS BEAM BeamS JOIS JoistsS DECK Structural floor deck

42

Telecomm LevelsDisc Major

GroupMinorGroup

Status UserDef

Description

T CABL Cable planT EQPM Equipment planT JACK Data/telephone jacksT DIAG Diagram

Annotation LevelsDisc Major

GroupMinorGroup

Status UserDef

Description

ANNO TEXT TextANNO REDL RedlineANNO SYMB SymbolsANNO LEGN Legends and schedulesANNO DIM DimensionsANNO TTLB Border and title blockANNO NOTE NotesANNO NPLT Construction lines, nonplotting

informationANNO KEYN Key notesANNO REVS Revisions

Common ModifiersDisc Major

GroupMinorGroup

Status UserDef

Description

PATT Cross-hatching, pocheIDEN Identification tags

ELEV Elevation (vertical surfaces in 3D)X RDME Read-me layer, not to be plotted

Survey LayersDISC Major

GroupMinorGroup

Status UserDef.

Description

V PROP Property lines, survey benchmarksV PROP ESMT Easements, rights of way, setback linesV PROP BRNG Bearings and distance labelsV PROP CONS Construction controlsV TOPO Proposed contour lines and elvations

43

V TOPO SPOT Spot elevationsV TOPO BORE Test boringsV BLDG Proposed building footprintsV PKNG Parking lotsV PKNG STRP Parking lot striping, handicapped

symbolV PKNG CARS Graphic illustration of carsV PKNG ISLD Parking islandsV PKNG DRAN Parking lot drainage slope indicationsV ROAD RoadwaysV ROAD CNTR Center linesV ROAD CURB CurbsV STRM Storm drainage catch basins, manholesV STRM UNDR Storm drainage pipe undergroundV COMM Site communication/telephone poles,

boxes, towersV COMM UNDR Underground communication linesV COMM OVHD Overhead communication linesV WATR Domestic water - manholes, pumping

stations, storage tanksV WATR UNDR Domestic water - manholes, pumping

stations, Domestic water - undergroundlines

V FIRE Fire protection - hydrants, connectionsV FIRE UNDR Fire protection - underground linesV NGAS Natural gas - underground linesV SSWR Sanitary sewer - manholes, pumping

stationsV SSWR UNDR Sanitary sewer - underground lines

44

Status ModifiersDisc Major

GroupMinorGroup

Status UserDef

Description

NEWW New workEXST Existing to remain

DEMO DemolitionFUTR Future workTEMP Temporary workMOVE Items to be movedRELO Relocated itemsNICN Not in contract

PHS1-9

Phase numbers (1-9)

45

Current CAD Engines

MicroStation and AutoCAD:The Bureau is running two CAD engines, Bentleys MicroStation and AutodesksAutoCAD. This document is intended for both platforms. Both programs areinternationally recognized as standards of the industry. Data from one programwill transparently move into the other. In the latest version of MicroStation,Bentley has stated, translation issues between AutoCAD and MicroStation areirrelevant. These programs have the ability to develop and use standardtemplates. Fonts and line types can be customized. This means when one looksat a set of plans they will not be able to tell from which program they wereprinted.