cadet specialist manual training syllabus file2 cadet specialist aim of this manual the aim of this...
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Cadet Specialist Manual
Training Syllabus
Edition 4
October 2013
The information given in this document is not to be communicated either
directly or indirectly to the press or to any person not authorized to
receive it.
Intellectual Property of Anglo Chinese School (Barker Road)
Compiled By: C/2LT Jeremy Ang
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Cadet Specialist
Aim of This Manual
The aim of this manual is to aid cadets by enhancing their knowledge of instructional techniques
in organising, conducting and executing Individual Field Craft, Technical Handling of the SAR
21 weapon. In time, cadets will be able to apply what they have learned to their National Cadet
Corps journey. This knowledge is also useful when cadets eventually attend the Cadet Specialist
Course at Secondary 3, and upon successful completion, they will be appointed as the Auxiliary
Instructors in their school units where they will be able to impart their knowledge acquired
during the course to their junior cadets.
This manual will also serve as a guide, allowing cadets to enhance their instructional abilities in
organizing, conducting and executing some form of parades and ceremonies in their school units.
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Content Page
Chapter: What Is The National Cadet Corps? .............................................................................................. 6
Vision & Mission Statement ......................................................................................................... 6
The National Cadet Corps Pledge ................................................................................................ 6
The National Cadet Corps Flag ..................................................................................................... 6
The NCC Song ............................................................................................................................... 8
History of the Corps ................................................................................................................... 10
National Cadet Corp’s Sea District’s Timeline ............................................................................ 13
Core Values ................................................................................................................................ 14
Chapter: Ranks, Uniform & Decorum ........................................................................................................ 15
Temporary Excuse from Wearing Uniform ................................................................................ 15
Numbered Order of Dress.......................................................................................................... 15
Occasions for Wearing Various Uniforms .................................................................................. 16
Badges ........................................................................................................................................ 19
Neatness, Appearance and Cleanliness ..................................................................................... 25
National Cadet Corps Nomenclature ......................................................................................... 29
Promotion Criteria for Cadets of ACSBR .................................................................................... 30
Accessories to the Uniform ........................................................................................................ 32
National Cadet Corps Training Syllabus ...................................................................................................... 33
Chapter: SAR-21 ......................................................................................................................................... 37
Introduction to the SAR-21 ........................................................................................................ 38
Composition of the SAR-21 ........................................................................................................ 42
o SAR-21 Components: Barrel Group ............................................................................. 42
o SAR-21 Components: Upper Receiver Group .............................................................. 43
o SAR-21 Components: Bolt Carrier Group ..................................................................... 45
o SAR-21 Components: Lower Receiver Group .............................................................. 46
Immediate Action Drills (IA) ....................................................................................................... 47
Stripping & Assembling the SAR-21 (Why?) .............................................................................. 49
Stripping of SAR-21 .................................................................................................................... 49
Assembling of SAR-21 ................................................................................................................ 50
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Chapter: Individual Field Craft ................................................................................................................... 51
Description of Ground ............................................................................................................... 52
Factors on Why Things Are Seen ............................................................................................... 53
Importance of Cover & Concealment ........................................................................................ 54
Fundamentals for Correct Use of Cover .................................................................................... 54
Movement by Day ...................................................................................................................... 56
Judging Distances ....................................................................................................................... 60
Target Indication ........................................................................................................................ 61
How to Give a Command? ........................................................................................................ 62
Methods of Indicating a Target .................................................................................................. 62
Field Signals ................................................................................................................................ 64
Chapter: Guiding Principles for Drill & Parades ........................................................................................ 67
Guiding Principles for Parade..................................................................................................... 68
Teaching by Example ................................................................................................................. 69
How to Give a Command? ......................................................................................................... 70
Aids to Drill ................................................................................................................................. 72
Sequence of Parade ................................................................................................................... 75
Getting On Parade ..................................................................................................................... 76
Chapter: Drills ............................................................................................................................................. 77
Foot Drills ...................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Marching Drills .............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Slow March to Quick March ...................................................................................................... 82
Quick March to Slow March ...................................................................................................... 83
Arms Drills .................................................................................................................................. 85
The Sizing Command .................................................................................................................. 86
Formation of Squad ................................................................................................................... 87
Chapter: Colours Drill ................................................................................................................................. 89
A Short History of Colours.......................................................................................................... 89
Parts of the Colours and its Accessories .................................................................................... 90
Colours Drills .............................................................................................................................. 92
Chapter: Pace Stick Drills ........................................................................................................................... 98
Introduction to the Pace Stick ................................................................................................... 98
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Use of a Pace Stick ..................................................................................................................... 99
Parts of a Pace Stick ................................................................................................................... 99
The Method of Carrying the Pace Stick.................................................................................... 100
Pace Stick Drills ........................................................................................................................ 100
Chapter: Drill Sequence & Lesson Plan .................................................................................................... 105
Drill Sequence .......................................................................................................................... 105
Sample of Mutual Teaching – Foot Drills ................................................................................. 106
Sample of Mutual Teaching – Arms Drill.................................................................................. 110
Chapter: Marching Songs ......................................................................................................................... 113
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Chapter: What Is The National Cadet Corps?
Vision & Mission Statement
1. The Singapore National Cadet Corps is a world-class organization that nurtures
responsible, resilient and resourceful cadets to become successful citizens.
2. We are thinking and learning team driven by our Core Values.
3. The National Cadet Corp’s mission is to develop resourceful, responsible, resilient, loyal
leaders and team players through fun and challenging military-related activities.
The National Cadet Corps Pledge
We, the members of the National Cadet Corps and the youth of the republic of Singapore, do
hereby pledge to be loyal to the Republic and the Corps and to maintain a high standard of
discipline and performance so that we may better serve our country.
The National Cadet Corps Flag
The NCC flag consists of three equal vertical bands of colour, red on two sides and white in the
centre. The features of the flag were not arbitrarily chosen- each feature has its own distinctive
meaning and significance: red symbolizes universal brotherhood and equality of men while white
symbolizes purity and virtue. Emblazoned upon the centre of the while panel is the NCC Badge.
The NCC Badge consists of a shield, with the symbol of the sun in the background. Ten golden
beams radiate from the sun, symbolizing the formation of our new country. Surrounding this sun
is a blue ring, with the words, National Cadet Corps. Another
122 golden beams radiate outwards ending at the edge of the
shield, symbolizing unity and strength. Below the shield is a
banner inscribed with the word Singapore. In the foreground
is the lion, symbolizing Bravery, Courage and Strength of the
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youth of Singapore . The sword held by the Lion symbolizes the Defence of our country. Sitting
on top of the Badge, is the State Crest. This symbolizes the fact that the National Cadet Corps is
a National Body, formed by the Government of Singapore to serve the Nation's youth.
The State Crest consists of a shield emblazoned with a white crescent moon and five white stars
against a red background. Red is symbolic of universal brotherhood and equality of man, and
white signifies pervading and everlasting purity and virtue. The five stars represent the five
ideals of democracy, peace, progress, justice and equality. Supporting the shield are a lion on the
left and a tiger on the right. Below the shield is a banner bearing the Republic's motto, Majulah
Singapura. The lion represents Singapore itself and tiger, the island's historical links with
Malaysia .
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The NCC Song
We are the members of the NCC,
Loyal and upright we will be,
Like those who have come before us,
We stand with pride for all to see!
[Chorus]
We are ready, we are ready,
To be the best that we can be,
Over land, on the sea, and in-the-air,
We are the NCC!
We are the members of the NCC,
Serving everyone with humility,
With strength and courage in our hearts,
Pressing on to victory!
[Chorus]
We are ready, we are ready,
To be the best that we can be,
Over land, on the sea, and in-the-air,
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We are the NCC!
Over land, on the sea, and in-the air,
We are the NCC
We are the NCC
We are the N-C-C!
Link
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NTghR4yaufM
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History of the Corps
The history of National Cadet Corps dates as far back as May 1901 when C. M. Philips, the
acting principal of Raffles Institution formed a cadet corps unit which comprised of existing and
ex-Rafflesians. By 1905, the Raffles Institution Cadet Corps was formed. This was followed by
the creation of the St. Joseph Institution Cadet Corps in 1906.
The Cadet Corps in Singapore during those
early years was aimed at training the youths
for the Local Volunteer Corps rather than
making it a youth organization. The interest
level and enthusiasm began to wane during
the First World War and by the end of 1916,
membership had diminished. In 1917, steps
were taken by the Education authorities to
revive the Cadet Corps on a new basis. It was
decided that six schools (Raffles Institution,
St. Joseph Institution, Anglo-Chinese School,
St. Andrew's School, Outram Road School
and Victoria Bridge School) should each form a Cadet Unit. This time, the Cadet Corps in school
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would be entirely separated from that of the Volunteer Corps. The aim of the movement was to
improve the physique and discipline of the boys, and to inspire them with ideals of esprit-de-
corps and patriotism.
In 1918, all the six selected schools formed their Cadet Units under the command of their own
Cadet Officers. Non-Commissioned Officers (NCOs)
from various military regiments in Singapore and
Wardens from the Prisons helped in the training of the
school unit, which included foot drills, recognition of
the different parts of a rifle, field signals and military
games.
The military training proved useful during the outbreak
of the Second World War. A large number of cadets
from St. Joseph Institution, St. Patrick's School and
Raffles Institution joined the Singapore Volunteer Corp (SVC) and fought against the Japanese
troops in the defence of Singapore. In light of their role in the defence of Singapore, the Japanese
banned the Cadet Corps in schools. The Cadet Corps movement was eventually revived in the
post-war years with the end of the Japanese Occupation.
The Singapore Sea Cadet Corps was started in 1948 with the formation of a unit from the Junior
Technical School. With its training syllabus based on the UK Sea Cadet Corps programme, the
corps soon expanded to include seven more school units by 1951. The Sea Cadet Corps HQ was
a converted Japanese Patrol Craft moored at Kallang Basin. The Sea Cadet Corps HQ later
shifted to a Public Work Department office, then to a petrol kiosk.
The Air Cadet Training Corps was officially recognised on 14 July 1949, when the Singapore
Legislative Assembly passed the MATC Ordinance 1949 Bill whereby all administration and
training of the corps were governed by this Ordinance under the control of the Defence Ministry.
This jurisdiction was transferred to the Education Ministry in 1963.
In 1965, the Ministry of Education launched its Cadet Corps expansion programme. The
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programme was launched by the Ministry to meet the demands of the Republic in preparation for
National Service in 1967.
1969 marked the formation of the girls'
units in single gender (female) and mixed
gender secondary schools. It was also the
year in which the land, sea, air and the
police cadets were integrated under one
organisation, the National Cadet Corps.
The year 1969 also saw the establishment
of the NCC Headquarters which is
responsible for the training, discipline and welfare of the cadet movements. In 1970, the Police
arm left the NCC to form the NPCC under the Ministry of Home Affairs while NCC continued
under the Ministry of Defence. This occurred when the then Ministry of Interior and Defence
was re-organised to form two separate ministries: Ministry of Defence and Ministry of Home
Affairs. By 1971, there were 82 Land (Boys) units, 52 Land (Girls) units, 3 Sea Training Centres
and an Air Training Centre.
In 1972, the NCC Council was formed as the highest policy making body and the NCC Act was
promulgated in 1973. 1984 saw the first recruitment of girls into our NCC Sea and Air units.
Prior to 2001, NCC Headquarters was dispersed into 4 separate camps namely Springleaf Camp,
Haig Road Camp, Pasir Panjang Camp and Jalan Teck Whye Camp. HQ NCC was not
centralised until the year 2001, with the opening of a single NCC Campus at Amoy Quee Camp,
on 30th May.
The year 2001 was a significant one for NCC as it marks the 100th anniversary of the formation
of the elite organisation. Today the National Cadet Corps (NCC) is one of the biggest UG in the
MOE family of Uniformed Groups with a wide variety of programmes. NCC syllabus not only
consists of adventure training but also the opportunity to participate in many overseas trips. NCC
cadets actively participate in the International Cadet Exchange Program (ICEP) which allows
them to visit countries like Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, India, Thailand, New Zealand, United
Kingdom and the United States. They can also embark on experiential learning through Service-
Learning projects in India and Thailand.
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National Cadet Corp’s Sea District’s Timeline
In 1948, the Sea Cadet Corps was formed. At this time, there was only one unit from the Junior
Technical School until 1964, when the Sea Cadet Corps expanded.
In 1965, the Ministry of Education launched an expansion scheme, whereby three new Sea
Training Centres (STCs) were formed. These training centres were:
Pasir Panjang Sea Training Centre (PPSTC)
Sembawang Sea Training Centre (SSTC)
Kallang Sea Training Centre (KSTC)
By 1981, there were more than 700 cadets in the Sea Cadet Corps. One year later, the official
NCC (Sea) banner was presented to the public.
In 1988, the formation of the first Sea Cadet Corps Girls unit happened.
In 1994, Pasir Panjang Sea Training Centre closed down due to cost cutting measures
implemented, as well as losing a sea front. With this, its cadets were moved to Kallang Sea
Training Centre.
In 1996, the introduction of school-based units was implemented. This was to give more
accountability to school principals, as well as to permit mixed units.
By 1998, the RSN-NCC specialist badge was presented.
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Core Values
Core values are the fundamental beliefs of a person or an organization. The Core Values are the
guiding principles that dictate behaviour and action.
Loyalty to Country
Loyalty to and love for the country must be deeply ingrained in the hearts and minds of all
cadets; these are imbued in the cadets by way of their commitment to serve the national through
maintenance of high discipline and training standards.
Uprightness
Exemplary conduct, together with strong moral strength in order to differentiate the right from
wrong, honesty and truthfulness in carrying out duties with full responsibility.
Leadership
Role modelling and influencing fellow-cadets to aspire to their highest potential both
academically and in NCC training and activities; leadership by example and through
involvement with peers and subordinates.
Discipline
Timely execution of tasks that have to be done, even though they might be difficult and painful
and doing them to the best of one’s ability, self discipline that produces mental and physical
resilience and strength.
Commitment & Responsibility
Taking training seriously and aspiring to benefit optimally from the experiences, show of
dedication and pride to the Corps
Care for Fellow Cadets
Genuine concern for the well being of fellow cadets during and outside of training; this care and
concern will facilitate esprit de corps and maintain a high level of morale and cohesiveness in the
NCC.
Adventurous Spirit
The spirit, daring and passion to venture into the unknown to explore the undiscovered and
unchallenged realms this adventurous spirit will widen the perspective and outlook of our cadets.
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Chapter: Ranks, Uniform & Decorum
All ranks are to be on the uniform when engaged in official duties on training days, parades,
functions and ceremonies.
All NCC Officers and Cadets are to conform to the following with regard to wearing of the
uniform:
1. Performing NCC duties.
2. Proceeding to or from a place of parade or essential duty.
3. Attending NCC ceremonies or social function.
4. Any other occasion as directed by NCC.
Temporary Excuse from Wearing Uniform
Temporary excuse from wearing uniform may be given to members of the NCC for the
following reasons:
1. Medical Bereavement
2. Maternity (Female)
To facilitate inspection, all personnel who are excused from wearing uniform should possess a
letter of authorisation signed by their respective Commanders or Medical Officers.
Numbered Order of Dress
The authorised numbered order of dress in the NCC are as follows:
No.1 – Ceremonial Dress
No.2 – Mess Kit
No.3 – Working Dress
No.4 – Field Dress/Smart No.4 Dress
No.5 – Service Dress
(T) Shirt & Tie
(J) Jacket
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Occasions for Wearing Various Uniforms
Generally, the NCC uniform is to be worn for the following occasions:
No.1 – Guard of Honour contingents and special school occasions
No.2 – Used when the occasion includes formal dining-in
No.3 – Used for attending parade and events organized by HQ NCC
No.4 – Used for training and in lieu of the No.3 dress if the cadet is not issued with one
No.5 (T) – Dress is worn when attending simple parades, ceremonies, International Exchange
Programme overseas and receptions.
No.5 (J) – Dress is worn for attending special functions or attending overseas programmes.
No.1 Uniform
Land District Sea District Air District
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No.2 Uniform
Land District Sea District Air District
No.3 Uniform
Land District Sea District Air District
*Only CLTs will don the collared No.3 for the Land District uniform.
*Note that cadets will don the lanyard & their badges for their No.3 dress.
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No.4 Uniform
Land District Sea District Air District
*Note that cadets from various districts will don their respective coloured berets.
No.5 Uniform
Land District Sea District Air District
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Badges
NCC badges are categorized into five generic groups as follows:
Proficiency Badges Course Badges
NAPFA Badge Civil Defence Badge
Orienteering Badge SANA Badge
Marksmanship Badge Energy Conservation Badge
Basic PDS Badge OBS Badge
PDS AI Badge Adventure Badge
Kayaking Badge
Prestigious Badges Recognition Badges
RSN-NCC Badge (Sea) NYAA Badge
Engineer Camp Badge ICEP Badge
Private Pilot License Badge Camp Pinnacle Badge
Basic Airborne Badge MSTD Badge
Scuba Diving Badge SORTIE Badge
Overseas Badges
Mountaineering Badge
Jungle Training Badge
Desert Trekking Badge
Glider Badge
All proficiency badges and course badges with the exception of the Civil Defence, SSANA,
Energy Conservation, OBS and Total Defence badges, are to be mounted on the left breast area
of the uniform.
Within each category, the order of precedence is according to service, for example, NCC (Land)
personnel will wear the airborne wing ahead of the diver’s badge while NCC (Sea) will wear
them vice versa.
Permission to wear any foreign or non-NCC badge must be sought from HQ NCC.
The Proficiency and Orienteering badges should make up the base of the pyramid of badges. The
Proficiency badge should be nearest to the buttons, followed by the Orienteering badge
extending towards the left sleeve.
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The second row of the badges on the left breast area will consist of the AKE and PDS badges.
The Sea Proficiency (Silver/Gold) is placed on the left of the PDS badge. The Sea Proficiency
badge is nearest to the buttons, while the AKE is nearer to the sleeves.
The Camp Pinnacle badge will make up the apex of the pyramid of badges. Army/RSN/RSAF-
NCC badges should be placed above these four badges and it is to be centralised on the
uppermost row.
Course badges such as the Civil Defence, Energy Conservation etc should be mounted on the
right breast area of the uniform, just above the name tag.
In the case when the Cadet has an NYAA badge, he/she should place it in the row mentioned
above.
Total Defence badge should be placed on the pocket flap on the right breast, below the other
badges. Marksmanship badges should be mounted on the left rank for all cadets.
National Cadet Corps Uniform Badges (non-exhaustive)
No.3 RSN-NCC Badge (Left)
No.3 RSAF-NCC Badge (Centre)
No.3 ARMY-NCC Badge (Right) (For NCC Land
CLTs only)
No.4 RSN-NCC Badge (Left)
No.4 RSAF-NCC Badge (Centre)
No.4 ARMY-NCC Badge (Right)
Part A Marksmanship Badge
Part B Marksmanship Badge
Part C Marksmanship Badge
Total Defence Badge (Bronze) (Left)
Total Defence Badge (Silver) (Centre)
Total Defence Badge (Gold) (Right)
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Camp Pinnacle
Outward Bound Singapore (OBS) Badge
i. As the name implies, this badge is only
for cadets who have gone through OBS
in Singapore (at Pulau Ubin).
ii. This badge is only awarded for the
completion of the above mentioned
course.
Basic PDS Course Badge ()Left)
PDS Auxiliary Instructor (AI) Badge (Right)
Adventure Badge
i. It is entitled to cadets who have gone
through OBS overseas OR attended
White Water Rafting at either Perak or
New Zealand.
ii. This badge is only awarded for the
completion of the above mentioned
courses.
Expedition Badge
This badge is awarded only to cadets who have
completed their Mount Ophir hikes.
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Singapore Anti Narcotics Association (SANA)
Badge
NAPFA (Bronze) (Left)
NAPFA (Silver) (Centre)
NAPFA (Gold) (Right)
Energy Conservation Badge
Jungle Training
Desert Trekking
Sea Proficiency Badge (Bronze) (Left)
Sea Proficiency Badge (Silver) (Centre)
Sea Proficiency Badge (Gold) (Right)
Midshipmen Sea Training Deployment (MSTD)
Badge, Gold (Left)
Sea Sortie Badge, Silver (Right)
One Star Kayaking Proficiency (Left)
Two Star Kayaking Proficiency (Centre)
Three Star Kayaking Proficiency (Right)
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Air Proficiency – Silver Wing (Left)
Air Proficiency – Gold Wing (Right)
Civil Defence Course Badge
Mountaineering Badge (Issued by host country)
Supernumerary Badge
Mini Kayaking Expedition Badge, Silver (Left)
Annual Kayaking Expedition Badge, Gold (Right)
Gliding Badge (Issued by host country)
India Republic Day Recognition Badge (Issued by
host country)
International Cadet Exchange Programme (ICEP)
Badge
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Phased Out Badges
Swimming Proficiency Badge
i. The swimming badge has already been
phased out and is no longer recognized
by the NCC.
Taekwondo Badge
ii. Taekwondo has been taken out of the
NCC Syllabus; therefore, this badge has
at the same time, been phased out.
Badges with the logo shown above
(including the one above) are no longer
recognized.
Basic Airborne Course Badge (Left), Basic Diving Course Badge (Right)
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Neatness, Appearance and Cleanliness
Every member is to maintain a neat and clean appearance and be smartly dressed on all
occasions. Uniforms are to be neat and proper as it reflects on the individuals as well as the
organization.
Haircut and Shaving
Hair is to be neatly trimmed. The hair should not overlap the eyes and ears when combed.
It should also not touch the collar or interfere with the normal wearing of the service
headdress.
Sideburns, if kept, are to be neatly trimmed and not increase in width towards the bottom.
The bottom of the sideburns must be clean cut in a horizontal line and not extended
below the centre of the ear.
Dyes, tints or bleaches are not to be used on the hair and conspicuous colour changes are
prohibited.
The face is to be clean shaven. Moustaches are permitted. If a moustache is worn, it is to
be kept neatly trimmed and of moderate length. No portion is to fall below a line parallel
with the bottom of the lower lip.
Short and Neat Hairstyle for Males
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Acceptable – Moustache is neatly trimmed
Note for Moustaches
Moustaches are permitted. If a moustache is worn, it is to be kept neatly trimmed and of
moderate length. No portion is to fall below the upper lip line or extend sideways beyond
a vertical line drawn upward from the corner of the mouth.
Keep of beards is not allowed unless due to religious or medical reasons.
Notes for Inspection of Uniform/Bearing
1. Before drill, soldiers should be inspected to ensure that:
a. They are dressed correctly.
b. Their clothing and equipment is serviceable and clean.
c. Their weapons are clean (and cared for).
d. They are alert and healthy.
2. Soldiers should be at attention when inspected.
3. Inspecting Officer, Warrant or Specialist should be accompanied by the next Senior
Officer/Warrant Officer or Specialist who should note down anything that he is told. The
senior Warrant Officer or Specialist should be posted in front of the squad to see that the
squad keeps still and looks to their front.
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Positive Example of Wearing a Beret Negative Example of Wearing a Beret
General Impression
4. Look at the squad first:
a. Are they standing correctly at attention
b. Is their dressing and covering off good?
5. Take a quick look at each soldier when you come to him
a. Is he clean and shaved?
b. Is he standing smartly?
c. Is his uniform cleaned and pressed?
Details
6. Head
a. Cap – Cleaned and brushed
b. Badge – Cleaned and in correct place.
c. Beret – Bow tucked into the seam neatly.
d. Hair – Tidy and of a reasonable length.
7. Body
a. Collar – Clean
b. Uniform – Well fitted, cleaned and pressed
c. Pockets – Emptied of bulky objects
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d. Medals – Cleaned and worn correctly
e. Buttons – Sewn on and fastened, with no stray end of thread
8. Waist Belt
a. Fitted so that the buckle is in the centre of the body and the belt
9. Boots
a. Serviceable and polished/brushed/shined.
b. Tightly laced with the laces so that they cannot come undone during a
parade
10. Weapons (including bayonet)
a. Clean and Dry
b. Slings – Taut and tied down at the left side of the rifle
Some Don’ts
Don’t make it a battle between you and them.
Don’t touch them.
Don’t ridicule or humiliate individual members of the squad.
Don’t spend a long time in front of a man.
Don’t allow those accompanying you to inspect for you.
Don’t point vaguely at things and expect them to vanish or change colour
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National Cadet Corps Nomenclature
(Nomenclature is defined as ‘the devising or choosing names for things especially in discipline’)
S/N Rank Abbreviation
1 Lieutenant Colonel LTC
2 Major MAJ
3 Captain CPT
4 Lieutenant LTA
5 Second Lieutenant 2LT
6 Officer Cadet OCT
7 Senior Cadet Lieutenant S/CLT
8 Cadet Captain C/CPT
9 Cadet Lieutenant CLT
10 Cadet 2nd
Lieutenant C/2LT
11 Cadet Officer C/OFFR
12 CLT Trainee CDT
13 Master Sergeant MSG
14 Staff Sergeant SSG
15 First Sergeant 1SG
16 Second Sergeant 2SG
17 Third Sergeant 3SG
18 Corporal CPL
19 Private PTE
20 Recruit REC
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Promotion Criteria for Cadets of ACSBR
Rank
Promotion Criteria
Lance Corporal
Promotion Camp: Camp FORGE (Compulsory)
Attendance: >=50%
Must have passed the Level Proficiency Test conducted by ACSBR-
NCC.
Corporal
Promotion Camp: Camp STEEL (Compulsory)
Attendance: >=50%
Must have passed the Level Proficiency Test conducted by ACSBR-
NCC.
Third Sergeant
Promotion Camp: Cadet Specialist Course
Criteria to attend Cadet Specialist Course:
Attendance: >=75%
NAPFA: Bronze (Minimum)
Must have attained a rank of Corporal
Second Sergeant
Promotion Camp: Cadet Specialist Course
Criteria to attend Cadet Specialist Course:
Attendance: >=75%
NAPFA: Bronze (Minimum)
Must have attained a rank of Corporal
First Sergeant
*Rank is only attainable through Internal Promotion.
Internal Promotion Criteria:
Must have attended the Cadet Specialist Course
Must have passed the RSN-NCC badge test.
Attendance: >=75%
NAPFA: Bronze (Minimum)
Must have attained a rank of Corporal
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Staff Sergeant
Promotion Camp: Cadet Senior Specialist Course
Criteria to attend Cadet Senior Specialist Course:
Must have passed the RSN-NCC badge test.
Attendance: >=75%
NAPFA: Silver (Minimum)
Must have attained a rank of Third Sergeant
Internal Promotion Criteria:
Reserved only for key position holders that did not attend the Cadet
Senior Specialist Course.
Must be personally recommended by the unit’s Commanding Officer.
Master Sergeant
*Rank is only attainable through Internal Promotion.
Internal Promotion Criteria:
Must be recommended personally by the unit’s Commanding Officer.
Reserved for the unit’s Unit Sergeant Major & Assistant Sergeant Major.
Must have attended the Cadet Senior Specialist Course.
Internal Promotion Criteria for Ranks
>=50% Attendance (Minimum)
Cadet must show interest and enthusiasm in the CCA and its activities.
Promotion criteria may change at the unit’s Commanding Officer’s discretion.
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Accessories to the Uniform
Peak Cap
Peak caps are worn by all male ranks with No.1 dress. The cap badge is placed centrally on the
front of the cap with the lower edge of the badge 2cm above the upper edge of the chinstrap.
Peak cap is also worn in No.5 uniform for male NCC officers and Cadet-Lieutenants from air
and sea element.
Jockey Cap
All cadets wear jockey caps with the No.4 dress during training
Beret
Cadets in the No.3 dress wear berets. It is also the head dress in place of the peak cap for
Officers and Cadet Lieutenants when wearing the No.3 dress for air and sea elements.
Name Tags
NCC personnel are required to wear their respective name tags when in uniform according to
their service.
As a general rule, only the surname will be reflected on the name tag. Initials of the person’s
name should precede it. When the father’s name or religious name is used, the personal name
will be reflected preceded by initials of the former. Examples of the various forms are given
below:
a) Tan Ah Bah – A B Tan
b) George Fong Tow Lum – T L Fong
c) Rajendran S/O Govindsamy – G Rajendran
d) Mhinder Singh – S Mahinder
e) Ahmad Bin Haji Dollah - Ahmad
33
National Cadet Corps Training Syllabus
SAR-21 Technical Handling
Consists of the following:
1. Stripping SAR-21 in the correct sequence and display the parts in the correct order within
60 seconds.
2. Assembling SAR-21 in the correct sequences within 60 seconds of the time limit.
3. Filling a magazine with 20 rounds into the 30 round box magazine within 40 seconds.
4. Loading SAR-21 in the correct sequence.
5. Unloading SAR-21 in the correct sequence.
6. Executing IA drills in the correct sequences.
7. Applying the marksmanship fundamentals – Holding, Aiming, Breathing, Trigger
Control and Position (Relaxation)
8. Cadet Leaders are to achieve a cumulative score of 50% and above before they are
considered to have passed this test.
Individual Field Craft (IFC)
The following subjects would be tested:
1. Field Discipline
2. Field Signals
3. Movement By Day
4. Judging Distances
5. Target Indication
Physical Fitness Test
The following states the expected fitness level of an NCC cadet. The number of Sit-Ups and
Push-Ups as follows:
For Male Cadets:
o 30 Sit-Ups within one minute
34
o 30 Push-Ups within one minute
For Female Cadets:
o 20 Sit-Ups within one minute
o 20 Push-Ups within one minute
Scoring Table (referring to the 2012 Cadet Specialist Course Marking Scheme)
The scoring table is to be used as a marking guide:
Marks
Obtained
30 25 20 15 10 0
Repetitions
by Boys
30 25 20 15 10 5
Repetitions
by Girls
20 16 12 8 4 2
35
Command Chain of HQ NCC
Correct As Of 6/8/2013
NCC Hierarchy
NCC Chairperson > NCC Council > NCC Commandant > NCC District Commanders > CLTs/Teacher Officers > Cadets
NCC Chairperson/Council: In charge of important decision making affecting the entire Corps as a whole.
NCC Commandant: The overall in charge of the NCC.
NCC District Commanders: Overseer of the various districts
NCC Council Chairman
BG (Ret) Goh Kee Nguan
NCC Commandant
LTC Johnny Yeo
Commander Land (Central)
CPT (NCC) Rabiatul
Commander Land (West)
MAJ (NCC) Denis Chin
Commander (Air)
MAJ (NCC) Joseph Tan
Commander (Sea)
CPT (NCC) Chia Kok Liang
Training Branch
Administrative
Branch
Logistical Branch
Commander Land (West)
MAJ (NCC) Koh Kah Lam
36
Anglo Chinese School (Bark Road)
Chain Of Command
In a military context, the chain of command is the line of authority and responsibility along which orders are passed within a military unit and
between different units. Orders are transmitted down the chain of command from a higher ranked soldier, such as a commissioned officer, to a
lower ranked personnel who either is to execute the order personally or to transmit it down the chain as appropriate, until it is received by those
expected to execute it.
Commanding Officer
Teacher Officers
Cadet Officers
Unit Sergeant Major (USM)
Assistant Sergeant Major (ASM)
Junior Cadet’s Platoon Commander
Cadet Leader’s Platoon Commander
Senior Cadet’s Platoon Commander
Assistant Platoon Commander
Assistant Platoon Commander
Assistant Platoon Commander
Logistics I/C (S4)
Administration I/C (S1)
Administrative Support
Logistical Support
37
Chapter: SAR-21
“The SAR-21 (“Singapore Assault Rifle – 21st Century”) is a rifle designed and manufactured in
Singapore. First revealed and subsequently adopted by the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) in
1999, it was designed and developed over a four year period and was intended to replace the
locally license built M-16S1 by the Singapore Ministry of Defence (MINDEF), Singapore Army
and the Chartered Industries of Singapore (CIS, now ST Kinetics). Many of its design features
are directly intended to counter the weaknesses of the M16S1 as encountered operationally by
some infantrymen”.
-Wikipedia
38
Introduction to the SAR-21
The SAR-21 assault rifle is a bull pup configuration rifle, utilizing a built-in optical scope that
has minimal zeroing needs. It’s ergonomically designed, and the construction is modular,
containing five basic groups – the barrel group, which includes what would technically be an
upper receiver; a lower receiver fire control group that ST Kinetics calls an upper receiver; a
bolt/operating group; and a magazine group. The SAR-21 utilizes M16/AR-15 magazines, as
well as its own proprietary designed plastic see-through magazines. There are a number of
variations of the SAR-21: there’s the SAR-21GL which has an M203 grenade launcher or a
proprietary 40mm
grenade launcher
mounted to the basic
rifle. The SAR-21
Modular Mounting
System has a rail system
with a standard Picatinny
rail on top as well as a
lower rail. The SAR-21P-rail, has a standard Picatinny rail on top with the normal SAR-21
forend. The SAR-21 Lightweight Carbine has a shorter barrel and forend. SAR-21 rifles are
select fire, semiautomatic and fully automatic, and are gas-operated with a two lug rotary bolt. It
is not an M16-style multi-lug bolt head – it’s more of a Kalashnikov-type bolt head. The SAR-21
feeds from 30-round magazines.
The rate of fire typically is 500 to 650 rpm. The integrated scope is a 1.5x optical, and there is an
option to order with a 3x optical. The standard weapon length is 805 millimetre (32 inches).
Standard barrel length is 508 mm (20 inches), the 20 inches being proper length for terminal
ballistics for the 5.56x45mm (.223 calibre). The maximum effective range is considered 460
meters for the 1 in 12-inch barrelled rifling for firing M-193 cartridges. Firing the SS-109
cartridges, M-855, the SAR-21 utilizes a 1 in 7-inch barrel rifling, considered to have a longer
range of 800 meters (875 yards). Optional accessories can be the built-in laser aiming device
(LAD). It has a visible red dot or an infrared option. The end user can purchase blank-firing
attachments, bore-sighting equipment, spent cartridge collectors, and a bayonet and adapter. The
39
SAR-21 is considered to be very user-friendly. It’s a simple, very effective design, with an
ambidextrous charging handle that is up on the inside of the optics on the standard model. On the
P-rail and Modular models, the charging handle is moved down to the left-hand side. On the
SAR-21 Lightweight Carbine, the charging handle is moved back up onto the top.
Rifle Weight
o SAR-21 (Unloaded): 3.82kg
o SAR-21 (Loaded with 30 rounds magazine): 4.47kg
o Empty Magazine: 0.12kg
SAR-21 Length
o Rifle Length: 80.5cm
o Barrel Length: 50.8cm
Scope Magnification
o Optical Scope: 1.5X Magnification
o Maximum Effective Range: 400m
o Cyclic: 450-650 rounds/minute (rpm)
40
‘Bull pup’ Design of the SAR-21
AND
A comparison – The Steyr AUG has the same bull pup design as the SAR-21.
‘Bull pup’ design describes a modern firearm configuration in which the magazine is located
behind the trigger group and alongside the shooter’s face, so there is no wasted space for the
butt stock as in conventional designs. This permits a shorter firearm length for the same barrel
length for improved manoeuvrability, and also reduces the weight of the rifle.
Types of Ammunition
No.
Type of Round
Uses
1
5.56mm Live Rounds
For day firing purposes
2
5.56mm Tracer Round
For night firing purposes
3
5.56mm Blanks
For training purposes
4
5.56mm Drill Round
For practice purposes
41
Characteristics of the SAR—21 Rifle
1. Air Cooled
In devices generating heat, the cooling of the device is induced by increasing its
radiating surfaces such that it is exposed to a greater current of air.
2. Gas Operated
Gas operation is a system of operation used to provide energy to operate auto-loading
firearms. This high pressure gases from the cartridge being fired is used to power a
mechanism to extract the spent case and chamber a new cartridge.
3. Magazine Fed
Magazine fed rifles are rifles that uses either its recoil or a portion of the gas propelling
the projectile to remove the spent cartridge case, cock the rifle, load a new cartridge
from the magazine and fire again repeatedly, as long as the trigger is held down or until
the magazine is exhausted.
4. Closed bolt mechanism
This refers to a rifle when ready to fire, a round in the chamber and the bolt and working
parts are forward. When the trigger is pulled, the firing pin or striker, fires the round.
The action is cycled by the energy of the shot sending the bolt to the rear which extracts
and ejects empty cartridge cases, the bolt then goes forward feeding a fresh round from
the magazine into the chamber, ready for the next shot.
5. Bull-pup Design
Bull-pups are firearm configurations in which both the action and magazine are located
behind the trigger.
6. Semi/Auto Mode of Fire
7. Equipped with scope and Laser Aiming Device (LAD)
A sighting aid for a weapon that precisely targets the ammunition’s point of impact.
Simple devices give exact range, and complex devices guide the ammunition onto its
targets.
8. Equipped with Gas Regulator
This refers to a valve that automatically cuts off the flow of a gas at a certain pressure.
42
Composition of the SAR-21
SAR-21 Components: Barrel Group
The Barrel
a. This is the same barrel as that used for the M16.
The Scope Housing
a. The 1.5X optical sight or scope is mounted inside the scope housing that also functions as
the carrying handle. The lens of the scope is protected by 2 end caps.
b. To further protect the optics, these end caps must always be inserted when conducted
river crossing operations or during rain. Although the scope is waterproof, the use of the
end caps helps to reduce and prevent damage.
Emergency Iron Sights
a. Located at the top of the scope housing are open iron sights for emergency uses (i.e. the
scope becomes inoperable during operations).
b. These emergency sights are effective only up to 100m.
Scope Adjustment Drums
a. Just like the M16, the SAR-21 also requires zeroing to increase accuracy.
b. The adjustment drums are mounted on the scope housing and are to the rear of the
emergency sights.
Elevating Drums
a. The elevation drum can be found at the top of the scope housing.
b. This drum adjusts the Mean Point of Impact (MPI) up or down.
Windage Drums
a. The windage drum is found on the right of the scope housing. This drum adjusts the MPI
lens left or right.
43
SAR-21 Components: Upper Receiver Group
Guide Rails
The guide rails that help to guide and control the movement of the bolt carrier as the weapon
cycles during firing.
Trigger Assembly
The trigger assembly is modular and can be easily replaced as a unit.
The Ejection Port
The trigger assembly is modular and can be easily replaced as a unit.
Protective Kevlar Plate
With the bull-pup design, the chamber is now next to the cheek/. To protect the operator from
injury in the event of a chamber explosion, a special Kevlar plate has been installed. Kevlar is a
special material used to make helmets and bullet proof jackets.
The Safety Button
The safety button is located in front of the trigger and can be easily reached with the forefinger
or index finger. To make safe the rifle, the safety button is pushed from left to right. To fire the
rifle, push the safety button from right to left.
The Rear Sling Point
A rear sing point located at the rear area and consisting of a slot that allows the sling to go
through.
Magazine Catch/Latch
The magazine catch or latch is located at the bottom and to the rear of the magazine housing.
Forward Take Down Pin
As the name implies, this allows you to separate the upper receiver group from the barrel group
44
Last Round Catch
After the last cartridge in the magazine has been fired, the magazine platform will rise, causing
the last round catch to move upwards. This stops the bolt carrier from moving forwards when the
last round in the magazine has been fired.
45
SAR-21 Components: Bolt Carrier Group
The Guide Road and Piston
In simple terms, this guide rod and piston ensures that during firing, the bolt carrier only moves
forward and rearward in a straight line.
The Bolt Assembly
This is a very important part of the bolt carrier group/ It provides the interface between the rifle
and the cartridge to be fired. It facilitates feeding, extraction and ejection of the cartridge,.
The Cam Pin
Notice the cutting in the bolt assembly. The cam pin fits into this. Once the cam pin is fitted in,
notice how the bolt rotates as it is pulled forward or push rearwards. This is the locking and
unlocking process. Notice how the cam pin controls the rotation of the bolt.
The Firing Pin
This device causes the cartridge to fire. When the trigger is squeezed, it releases the hammer.
When the firing pin is hit by the hammer, it propels the firing pin forward to strike the percussion
cap that in turn causes the cartridge for fire.
The Cross Pin
Just like the retaining pin helps to prevent the firing pin from falling out, the cross pin does the
same job. The only difference is that it cannot be removed and hence cannot be lost.
46
SAR-21 Components: Lower Receiver Group
The Trigger Assembly
The trigger assembly is modular and is easily replaced as a system.
Last Round Catch
a. When the last cartridge in the magazine ins fired, the magazine platform will rise and lift
the last round catch. This causes the bolt carrier to be held or ‘locked’ to the rear. This
prompts the firer that his magazine is empty and needs to be changed.
b. During a safety inspection, remove the magazine, pull the charging handle to the rear
and push the last round catch into the housing. This forces the catch up and holds or
‘locks’ the bolt carrier to the rear. This leaves the chamber open for inspection. To
release the bolt carrier, pull the charging handle rearwards and release (do not follow it
47
Immediate Action Drills (IA)
I.A drills are executed in the midst of firing. The rifle will therefore be, by default, in ‘FIRE’
mode. Always check your rifle before being tested. If rifle is in SAFE mode, inform your
instructor and ask for permission to change to FIRE mode.
Procedure: Half cock the weapon put to FIRE mode.
Different Types of Immediate Action Drills
No Feeding
This IA is executed when the round does not successfully enter the chamber of the rifle from the
magazine.
1. Slap the magazine
2. Pull the charging handle
3. Release the charging handle
4. Shout ‘IA cleared sir/ma’am!
48
Half/Double Feeding (When there are rounds jammed in the chamber of the weapon)
1. Put SAR-21 to SAFE mode
2. Take note the magazine
3. Tilt the rifle such that the ejection port is facing the ground (such that the trapped rounds
can be safely ejected
4. Pull the charging handle 3 times fully. On the last pull, hold the charging handle and
observe the chamber for any rounds
5. Shout ‘clear!’
6. Release the charging handle
7. Put rifle to FIRE mode
8. Squeeze off
9. Put back magazine
10. Charge weapon
11. Shout ‘IA cleared sir/ma’am!’
Empty Magazine (When the rifle cannot fire as there are no more rounds in the magazine)
1. Put rifle to SAFE mode
2. Remove the empty magazine
3. Shout ‘empty magazine, check!’
4. Pull the charging handle 3 times fully. On the last pull, hold the charging handle and
observe the chamber for any rounds
5. Shout ‘clear!’
6. Release the charging handle
7. Put the SAR-21 to FIRE mode
8. Squeeze off
9. Shout ‘loaded magazine, check!’
10. Put in the ‘new’ magazine
11. Charge the SAR-21
12. Shout ‘IA cleared sir/ma’am!’
49
Stripping & Assembling the SAR-21 (Why?)
Cleaning
The purpose of cleaning a firearm is to remove any foreign material that has accumulated on or
inside of it during operation or exposure to the environment. The accumulation of propellant
residue, projectile particles and environmental detritus can interfere with the mechanical function
of the gun, contributing to mechanical wear and tear, and promote oxidation and corrosion of the
guns components.
Lubrication
Lubrication prevents firearms from malfunctioning and protects metal parts from corrosion. Fire
arms produce high momentary forces when they are fired. These high forces can often cause the
oil layer between two parts to be squeezed out, resulting in grinding, which causes wear and tear.
Stripping of SAR-21
Always check that your rifle is in SAFE mode. It is an offense to disassemble a rifle whilst in
FIRE mode due to breach of safety regulations. Should your rifle be in FIRE mode, request
permission from your instructor to change it to SAFE mode.
1. Come to attention (sedia with rifle)
2. ‘Strip weapon, sir/ma’am!’
3. Get into one legged kneel position
4. Depress the take down pin
5. Remove barrel group from the receiver group
6. Place the receiver group on the floor with ejection port facing up
7. Remove bolt carrier group from the barrel group
8. Place barrel group with gas regulator facing up
9. Lift up cross pin on bolt carrier group to remove firing pin and place it pointing down
10. Remove bolt cam pin
11. Remove the bolt
12. Stand up
13. Shout ‘weapon stripped sir/ma’am!’
50
Assembling of SAR-21
1. Come to attention (sedia with rifle)
2. Shout ‘assemble weapon, sir/ma’am!’
3. Get into one legged knee position
4. Insert bolt into bolt carrier
5. Insert bolt cam pin
6. Insert firing pin into the bolt carrier group and flush it down. Make sure the cross pin is
secure.
7. Slide the bolt carrier group into the barrel group via the opening provided.
8. Slide the upper receiver assembly into the barrel assembly and depress the take down pin
from the other side
9. Shout ‘safety mechanism check!’ after pressing trigger several times. You should not be
able to ‘fire’
10. Shout ‘firing mechanism check!’ after switching the rifle from SAFE to FIRE mode and
press the trigger. You will hear a click sound.
11. Shout ‘sheer mechanism check! After pulling the charging handle, holding it there,
pressing the trigger and holding it there, release the charging handle and finally releasing
the trigger. You should hear a click sound.
12. Shout ‘rifle assembled sir/ma’am!’
The arrangement of SAR-21 parts upon stripping. Sizes are not to scale.
51
Chapter: Individual Field Craft
‘The purpose of IFC training is to mould the recruit into a tough, reliant, fighting man capable of
performing effectively as a member of the team; to help the trainee build and maintain an
aggressive spirit – the will to close in and kill or capture the enemy. Most importantly, it teaches
the trainee how to protect himself’
-SAF Recruit Aide Memoir
52
Introduction
The jungle has a variety of effects on a military operation. Dense vegetation can limit lines of
sight and arcs of fire, but can also provide ample opportunity for camouflage and plenty of
material with which to build fortifications.
Jungle terrain, often without good roads, can be inaccessible to vehicles and so makes supply and
transport difficult, which in turn places a premium on air mobility. The problems of transport
makes engineering resources important as they are needed to improve roads, build bridges and
airfields, and improve water supplies.
Description of Ground
Broken Ground
It is uneven and is generally interspersed with bumps and field in the ground. It is suitable for
movement of infantry and also hinders observation of activities.
Flat and Open Ground
It is even ground with little cover (i.e. bushes, hedges and similar foliage). It is not suitable for
movement of infantry by day.
High Ground
Ground far above the general level of the area (i.e. hills etc)
Dead Ground
Ground that is hidden from an observer’s view. It cannot be covered by flat trajectory weapons.
53
Factors on Why Things Are Seen
The use of camouflage is to protect personnel and equipment from observation by enemy forces.
In practice, this means applying colour and materials to military equipment of all kinds to
conceal them from observation, or to make it appear as something else (mimicry). Vision is the
main sense of orientation in humans, and the primary function of camouflage is to deceive the
human eye. Camouflage works through concealment (whether by counter shading, preventing
casting of shadows, or even disruption of outlines), mimicry, or even possible, by dazzle. In
modern warfare, some forms of camouflage also offer concealment from radar and infrared
sensors. The following are some factors that may expose personnel to unwanted observation:
Shape
Things are recognized instantly by their shape, particularly if it contrasts with the surroundings.
Shadow
In sunlight, an object will cast a shadow, which gives away its presence. For concealment, keep
in the shade as much as possible. The shade provides concealment as there are no tell tale
shadows.
Silhouette
The silhouette formed by your body makes a good and identifiable target.
Shine & Colour
Shine & colour will give away your position. Reflection of light off a shiny surface instantly
attracts attention and can be seen at great distances
Movement
The eyes and ears are attracted to movement and noise, especially sudden movement. For
concealment, movement and noise must be kept to the minimum and if need be, slow and
cautious.
54
Importance of Cover & Concealment
1. A soldier who is trained in both can locate and kill the enemy without being seen himself.
2. Ground observation of enemy provides one of the most valuable sources of information
on which the plans of higher commanders are based.
3. In defence, good concealment enables a defender to mystify and deceive the enemy and
in the event of an attack, repel the enemy by producing fire at a close range from an
unexpected quarter.
Fundamentals for Correct Use of Cover
1. Whenever possible, look through the cover and not over it.
2. If it is not possible to look through the cover, look around it rather than over it.
3. If it is necessary to look over the cover, avoid breaking straight line.
4. The sky-line is the worst background you could choose, but if you cannot avoid
observing over the cover and against the sky line, use something to break your silhouette.
5. When firing from inside a building, keep well back and make use of the shadow.
6. A rough, dark and irregular background which matches your clothing provides
considerable cover from view.
7. Isolated cover is dangerous because it will attract attention of the enemy and can be
easily indicated in a fire order.
8. Avoid the sky line at all costs.
9. Avoid regular spacing
10. Avoid gaps for fire position.
11. Cross gaps as a body at a irregular interval at the double.
55
The distinguished features revealing shape are:
1. The outline of a solider
2. Smooth round top of the helmet
3. Not blending in with the background
Points To Take Note:
1. To camouflage effectively, the features of the shapes mentioned earlier must be altered.
In camouflaging, it must not be too thin or over camouflaged.
2. When it is applied, you must feel comfortable. Your observation and use of weapon must
not be hampered.
3. Sleeves must be rolled down so as to conceal the shine and the fair colour of the skin.
This also provides basic comfort when in prone position.
4. The helmet shape is altered by the camouflage netting and additional vegetation.
5. No vegetation on the body whilst on the move. This won’t leave any tell-tale signs by
camouflaged vegetation dropping off the body.
6. Camouflaging your face is also a must in order to blend with the body camouflage.
Lookout for the following when camouflaging your face:
7. Protruding features on the face such as the nose and cheekbones are to be painted with a
darker colour so that they will be less prominent
8. All exposed areas must be camouflaged including the ears, neck, part of the chest and
not forgetting the lips due to its bright reddish nature.
9. Generally, the whole face should be camouflaged with the colour that matches or blends
with the surroundings.
56
Movement by Day
Objective
1. To understand how to move tactically by day based on the enemy’s situation and terrain.
2. To understand how to cross obstacles tactically by day.
Standard
1. Execute the different types of movement correctly
2. Move along the designated route and cross the obstacles tactically and correctly without
being detected by the enemy.
Notes Regarding Movement by Day
To minimize the chance of being seen or heard by your enemy during movement, you should do:
1. Objective is to camouflage yourself and your equipment.
2. Tape or pad any parts of your weapon or equipment that rattle or are so loose that they
may get entangled. Be sure that the tape or padding does not interfere with operation of
the weapon or equipment.
3. Do not carry unnecessary equipment. You cannot move rapidly when weighed down.
4. It is important that you move by bounds. That is, short distances at a time. Halt, listen,
observe, and then move again. This will also deplete the chances of enemy engaging you
accurately with his rifle.
5. Look for the next spot where you will stop before leaving the concealment of one
position. Observe the area carefully for enemy activity. Select the best area carefully for
enemy activity. Select the best available route that will provide both cover and
concealment to the new location. Also take advantage of any darkness, smoke or haze to
assist in concealing your movement.
6. Change direction slightly from time to time.
7. When moving through tall grass, the grass might wave with an unnatural motion which
attracts attention. The best time to move is when the wind is blowing the grass.
57
8. If you alarm the birds or animals, remain in position and observe briefly. The flight or
movement may attract the enemy’s attention.
9. Take advantage of the distraction provided by noises.
10. Cross tracks and trails where there is most cover and concealment. Look for a large
culvert, low spot or a curve. Cross quickly and quietly.
11. Keep close to slopes for protection.
12. Avoid cleared areas to prevent being silhouetted.
The following are the various movements that soldiers may adopt when moving from place to
place, as well as when to use the various movements.
The Walk
When hunting an enemy in an area
When cover and concealment is about shoulder height.
The Rush
When being fired upon by enemy and there is no cover and concealment is in prone position.
When moving from cover to cover.
The High Crawl
When the route selected provides cover and concealment up to waist level.
The Low Crawl
When the route selected provides low cover and concealment.
The Roll
When cover and concealment is low in prone position.
When moving away from a prone position when being observed by the enemy.
58
The Walk
The Walk can be sub-divided into 2 categories, the High Alert and the Normal Alert. Take note
that the main difference between the High Alert and the Normal Alert is the difference in the
speed of movement and positioning of rifle. The manner in which the leg moves stays the same.
1. Raise your master leg up to 90 degrees
2. Use that leg to clear any bush, grass etc using a sweeping motion
3. Place your toes of that particular foot, down on the ground and feel for a good spot
(whether the ground is solid)
4. Slowly shift your weight to the front of the foot and repeat with the other leg
The High Alert
1. The High Alert will be adopted when the enemy is very near and contact with him is
imminent. The rifle is held in the High Alert state with the butt at the hollow of the
shoulder, ready to fire. This is for quick aiming and firing. Take note that finger will
remain off the trigger for safety purposes.
2. Movement when adopting the High Alert is slow and cautious.
3. Rifle should be placed at the hollow of the shoulder.
The Normal Alert
1. The Normal Alert is used when you do not know where the enemy is. For ease and
comfort, the extension sling is used.
2. Movement when adopting the Normal Alert is faster but cautious.
3. Rifle should be lowered to waist level and the extension sling may be used.
The High Crawl (Baby Crawl)
1. The movement is similar to that of a baby crawling on the knees and the hands
2. The rifle is held b the master hand with the barrel pointing in front
3. Make sure that the dust cover is facing upward and the muzzle is off the ground
4. Movement is by moving the right knee, followed by the left knee
5. Arms support the movement by alternating accordingly with the knees
59
The Low Crawl (Leopard Crawl)
1. Keep your body as flat as possible to the ground
2. Hold your rifle in front, non master hand at the hand guard and the master hand at the
small of the butt
3. Make sure that the dust cover is facing upward and the muzzle is off the ground
4. Move forward by alternately advancing your right elbow, left knee and vice versa
The Rush
1. Start from the prone position
2. Raise your head and select your next position
3. Draw your arms into your body and ensure that your right foot is kept forward such that
the knee is almost 90 degrees
4. With one movement, raise your body by pushing forward with your foot and spring to
your feet
5. Run to the next location and dive towards cover
6. Break your fall with the hand not holding the rifle
7. Re-adopt proper prone position
The Roll
1. The Roll is done while maintaining the prone position
2. Huge the rifle close to your body and roll left to right
Ensure that you are not running for more than four second as this gives the enemy ample
time to aim and fire at you.
Ensure that the rifle’s ejector port/dust cover is facing upwards and that the muzzle is not
being dragged on the floor at all times.
60
Judging Distances
Objective
To understand how to judge distances by day
Standard
State the distance to each object with no more than 20% error in the actual distance
Factors Affecting Judging of Distances
Seems Closer
Seems Farther
Bright and clear day
Rain, Hazy
Sun shining behind you
Sun in front of you
Higher elevation
Lower elevation
Large targets
Small targets
Unit of Measure
1. Use your thumb nail as a form of a ruler to measure the size of your target. Stretch out the
right hand with the thumb pointing upwards. Measure the size of the target against your
thumb nail and remember it.
2. For a normal person, the size of a solider at 100m is equivalent to the size of the thumb
nail. However, this will vary according to each individual.
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Halving Method
1. For distances beyond 300m, the halving method is used. First, pick a point between you
and the target. Determine the distance to the halfway mark by using the unit of measure
method and then double the estimated distance to find the range to the target.
2. When using this method the effect of terrain and weather conditions on target appearance
need to be taken into consideration.
Target Indication
Objective
1. To understand how to indicate targets
2. To understand how to interpret target indications given by squad mates
Standard
1. Give accurate and clear target indication which members of his section must be able to
locate within one minute of detection of the target.
2. Locate and engage the target within one minute of receiving the target indication.
How to Indicate a Target? (G.I.R.L)
Group (P) – Address the people you are trying to indicate the targets to.
Indicate (I) – Give the direction to look at.
Range (R) – Give the range (in meters) to the target.
Location (L) – Give the location/description of the target.
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How to Give a Command? (C.L.A.P)
Clearly (C) – Ensure that your platoon mates are able to understand what you are saying.
Loudly (L) – Ensure that your platoon mates are able to hear it.
As An Order (A) – Be firm with your commands and articulate your words.
Pause (P) – Ensure not to rush through the target indication.
Methods of Indicating a Target
Direct Method
The Direct Method is used to indicate obvious targets (most probably straight ahead) and the arc
of fire (refer to image below) is known to all. This is the simplest of all methods.
Group (G) – Platoon/Section!
Indication (I) – Straight ahead, coconut tree!
Range (R) - Three hundred meters!
Location/Description (L) – Enemy machine gun post!
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Clock Ray Method
1. Used when targets are difficult to identify.
2. This method uses a prominent reference point on the ground together with the clock ray
reference.
During indication, it is imagined that there is a clock face standing up on the landscape with its
centre at the reference point.
To indicate the target using ‘GIRL’, the range, the reference point and the appropriate hour (in
the direction of the enemy) on the clock face are given.
Group (G) – Platoon/Section!
Indication (I) – Straight ahead, coconut tree, 4 o’ clock!
Range (R) – Three hundred meters!
Location/Description (L) – Enemy machine gun post!
Finger Breath Method
Select a reference point near the target
Stretch out your left hand and close your right eye to measure the gap between the reference
object to the target using the thickness of your fingers
Group (G) – Platoon/Section!
Indication (I) – Straight ahead, coconut tree, right, four fingers!
Range (R) – Three hundred meters!
Location/Description (L) – Enemy machine gun post at base of coconut tree!
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Field Signals
Accuracy is Vital
It is necessary that you use the hand that will provide the most effective signal. Ensure that the
signals are passed clearly and accurately. Ensure that the man behind you has understood your
signal by observing that he passes the same on.
Responsibility
It is the responsibility of every man to watch for field signals being passed forward or back.
Tapping of butts, snapping of fingers and whistling should be avoided; they may attract attention
and they also defeat the purpose of silent signs.
Observation
When passing signals relating to enemy, do not take your eyes off the enemy as it will jeopardize
your safety. This particularly applies to forward scouts.
Method of Giving Signals
All signals must be relayed using the free hand and the weapon. The other hand must never be
removed from the weapon during the passage of field signals. Both hands can be used to send
field signals, as long as it served it’s purposes well.
Realism
Field signals should be used realistically. Do not be a slave to them.
Appropriateness
Field signals should be definite but not vigorous. Vigorous movement may often give away your
position.
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No.1 Action Field Signal
1 Deploy Right arm fully extended above head and waved from
side to side, palm open.
2 Advance Right arm swung from rear to front in ‘under arm
blowing’ fashion.
3 Halt Right arm raised to full extent above head.
4 Turn About Right arm raised and bent above head.
5 Change Direction Right arm raised to front in line with shoulder. Body
then turned in required direction.
6 Close Right hand place on top of head, elbow to the right
7 Quick Time Right hand raised to line of shoulder, elbow close to
the side.
8 Double March Right fist clenched, moved up and down between
thigh and shoulder several times
9 Follow Me Right arm swung from rear to front above the
shoulder, in ‘over arm bowling’ fashion
10 Last Order Completed Right hand to salute, then arm raised in air finger
extended
11 Last Order Not Understood Both hands cupped behind ears
12 Commander To Close Right arm to the side at 45 degrees to the body, fist
clenched
13 Enemy In Sight’s Specific
Numbers
Both arms waved on sides ‘bird fashion’ followed by
number, indicated by number of fingers held up
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14 Enemy Approaching Both hands open, palm inwards at waist level with
inwards scooping motion
15 Enemy Position Suspected Hands, fist clenched rose to shoulder level, followed
by indication of direction
16 Enemy Firing Right hand thumb down signal
17 Attack Punching motion with right or left hand according to
direction of stack
18 Closed To Rendezvous Close sign followed by both hands clasped in front of
body at waist level
19 Infantry Obstacle Ahead Both hands crossed in front of body at the waist, palm
open downloads
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Chapter: Guiding Principles for Drill & Parades
Historically, the primary value of drill was to prepare troops for battle. Many drill movements
have their origins in actual battle-drills used in tactical manoeuvres on the battlefield in the days
of front loading rifles. Drill in those days enabled commanders to quickly move their forces from
one point to another, mass their forces into a battle formation that afforded maximum firepower,
and to manoeuvre those forces as the situation developed. Back then, units performed precise
movement on the battlefield, and the army that performed them best often defeated the enemy by
attacking from behind or from the flanks.
The Aim of Drill
The aim of drill is:
To produce a soldier who is proud, alert and obedient
To provide the basis of teamwork
Purpose of Drill
The Purpose of drill is as follows:
Enable a commander to move his unit from one place to another in an orderly manner.
As an aid in discipline training by instilling habits of precision, alertness, urgency
attention to detail and a readiness to obey orders instantly. It also fosters the development
of the moral qualities, which are essential to success in war.
Provide for the development of all soldiers in the practice of commanding troops.
When performed for ceremonial purposes, drill provides a meaning of enhancing the
morale of troops and developing the unit’s esprit de corps. A parade will quickly instil the
corporate unity of any body of men. In addition, parades allow the military to present
traditional and interesting drill movement to the public through well executed parades.
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Guiding Principles for Parade
Laid below are some guiding principles for parades:
It should commence with an inspection.
A strict observance of rank should be shown. Thus, a soldier who wishes to either join or
leave a parade should report to the senior rank and request for permission to do so.
Walking across a parade ground is strictly prohibited to non-participants.
The form of parade and purpose should be planned beforehand by those who are to
command it.
The parade should conclude with a dismissal to show respect to the senior rank on
parade.
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Drill demands decisiveness and accuracy. In order to teach it effectively, you must have the
following qualities:
Patience – Never lose your temper.
Enthusiasm – You must inspire your squad with a will to learn.
Consistency – Set yourself and the squad a standard. Do not deviate from it.
Empathy – Understand the squad’s problems. Praise readily but do not become familiar. Never
humiliate individual members of the squad.
Personality – As a drill instructor, you must impress your squad with your personality and be in
full control.
Teaching by Example
Recruits imitate their instructors. It is through leading by example that they will learn
best. Therefore:
When conducting drill, you should stand at ‘attention’.
When moving, march as you would wish your squad to march.
When demonstrating, do so smartly and correctly and, if the movement involves a rifle,
pace stick, etc, use the article and nothing else.
Do not use foul language.
Your turnout must be impeccable.
Do not exaggerate a movement in a drill.
All words of command are to be given distinctly and with confidence and determination as they
convey an order which is to be smartly and promptly obeyed. They must be loud enough to be
heard by all concerned and an interval is to be observed, sufficient to allow the order to carry
over the distance between the instructor and the trainees. Those responsible for giving orders are
to be given frequent practice in delivering words of command to increase their confidence. A
person giving an order is to stand at attention.
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How to Give a Command?
Words of command are to be given distinctly and with confidence and determination, as they
convey an order, which is to be smartly and promptly obeyed. They must be loud enough to be
heard by all concerned and an interval is to be observed, sufficient to allow the order to carry
over the distance between the instructor and the trainees. Those responsible for giving orders are
to be given frequent practice in delivering words of command to increase their confidence. A
person giving an order is to stand at ‘attention’.
Words of command are to be given in two, sometimes three, distinct parts:
a. Introductory
The introductory words of command serve to generally advise personnel of an intention this is
given in a clear deliberate level tone.
b. Cautionary
The cautionary word of command which gives imminent warning of a movement is normally a
word of one syllable. This is to be given as a loud, extended call and for a large parade may need
to last several seconds.
c. Executionary
This is immediately followed by the executive command (the signal for the movement to be
carried out) which is to be given distinctly and sharply, care being taken not to lower the voice.
Executionary Introductory Cautionary
Bergerak Ke-kanan bertiga-tiga Kekanan, pu..... .. Sing!
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Certain executive words of command are not broken down into syllables. These are laid down in
the following table:
Word of Command Quick Time Slow Time Remarks/What the
Squad Calls Out
“BERHEN-TI!” Left heel strikes the
ground.
As the right foot
reaches the ground.
“CHECK-
IN’BANG!” (Quick
Time)
“ONE, TWO” (Slow
Time)
“KE-KANAN
PUSING!”
Left heel strikes the
ground.
As the left foot
reaches the ground.
“CHECK BANG!”
(Quick Time)
“LEFT, RIGHT,
FORWARD” (Slow
Time)
“KE-BELAKANG
PUSING!”
Left heel strikes the
ground.
As the left foot
reaches the ground
“HENTAK KAKI
HEN – TAK!”
“TAK” when the right
heel strikes the
ground.
“HEN” and “TAK”
will be given on the
successive beats of
the left foot as it
reaches the ground.
“CHECK-IN!” (Quick
Time)
“IN!” (Slow Time)
“MA-JU!” As the right toe
reaches the ground.
As the left foot
reaches the ground.
“TUKAR-
LANGKAH!”
“TUKAR” on the left foot, “LANGKAH” on
the right foot (on successive feet).
The second movement
is executed in double
time (Marking Time)
“CHECK LEFT!”
“TUKAR
LANGKAH CEPAT
JA-LAN!”
“JA” on the left foot, “LAN” on the right foot.
To be given over ten paces.
This command is given on slow time.
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“TUKAR
LANGKAH
PERLAHAN JA-
LAN!”
The executive command of “JA” is given on
the left foot and “LAN” on the right foot
consecutively.
This command is given on quick time.
“BUKA/TUTUP
BARISAN!”
“BUKA/TUTUP” and “BARISAN” drawn out
over the left and right paces respectively.
“PANDANG KE-
KANAN/KIRI,
PANDANG!”
Command is given on the left foot (Quick
time)
Command is given as soon as the right foot
reaches the ground (Slow Time)
“CHECK UP!”
(Quick Time)
“UP!” (Slow Time)
“HORMAT
KEHADAPAN,
HORMAT!”
This command is given in quick time only.
The executive command is given as soon as the
left foot strikes the ground.
Aids to Drill
Men in their early stages of training should call out the timing so that every member of a squad is
able to regulate and judge the pause, thus enabling them to act on the command together with
precision.
There are several forms of aids to drill:
1) Regulation Pause
One of the best methods for teaching correct pause of one drum beat in quick time between each
drill movement is to order the squad to call the timing of drill movement aloud. This is the
developmental stage and calling out the time will enable the squad:
1. To recognise the regulation pause between drill movements.
2. To learn to act and synchronise with each other. They must learn to keep still when
calling out CHECK for the regulation pause. The ONE is the executive command upon
which the drill movement is performed and the word CHECK represents the pause
between drill movements.
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As the ability of the squad to perform the drill movement under instruction improves, the
techniques of judging the time should be used.
2) Time and Pace (The length of pace and rates of marching in quick and slow time are as
follows
Length of Pace in Marching
Quick/Slow March 75cm
Stepping Out 82cm
Stepping Short 53cm
Double Time 101cm
Side Pace 30cm
Half Pace 37cm
Rate of Marching
Quick March (Standard) 120 paces per min
Quick March (For Recruits) 140 paces per min
Slow March (Standard) 65 paces per min
Quick Time (Warm Up) 140 paces per min
3) Mechanical Aids
Mechanical aids are also available for the instructor to assist in obtaining synchronized and
smart drill. They are:
1. The Metronome
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2. The Drum
3. The Pace Stick
a. The Metronome
This instrument helps to beat out the timing and to check the rate of marching for both foot and
rifle drills. It can be set to any number of beats per minute. It should be used frequently to
maintain uniformity over timings. The regulation pause should be checked against a stopwatch
for accuracy.
b. The Drum
This instrument helps to perform several functions:
Replaces Word of Command: A drummer can be used to assist in foot and rifle drills.
The drummer should judge the regulation pause between the instructor’s cautionary word
of command and his tap. The squad will react more sharply to the tap of the drum than
the instructor’s command.
Replaces the beat of the metronome: When stationary foot drills and rifle exercises are
being taught, the drummer with a metronome beside him will judge the regulation pause.
Following the tempo of the metronome the drummer will tap the drum on every alternate
beat.
Helps to regulate the marching pace: The drummer will beat the drum in
synchronization with the tempo of the metronome. The instructor must have the drummer
beat the time of the metronome and command CEPAT JALAN!
c. The Pace Stick
The division/formation/unit regimental sergeant major and drill Instructor usually carries a
pace stick during parades and it is used for the following purposes:
Measure the correct length of pace: Correct pace length is necessary, not only for
ceremonial purposes, but also to reduce fatigue on long marches. It is used to set the
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standard of accuracy required of the soldiers. The RSM/DI should march alongside the
leading soldier using the pace stick to control the length of pace.
Used as a Measuring Instrument: The pace stick can be opened and used as a
measuring device for marking out the parade ground and distance between ranks of
marching contingents.
Sequence of Parade
a. The parade sequence is as follows:
Parade Preliminaries
Parade participation formed up at the FUP
Pre-Inspection of turn-out of troops
Uncasing of Colours (if applicable)
Markers Call (RSM post the R/L markers)
Advance Call
b. Parade marches on
c. Parade Commander takes over the parade
d. Arrival of the VIPs – Salute
Arrival Unit/Formation Commander (Hosting the Event)
Arrival of Reviewing Officer (Guest of Honour)
e. Inspection by the Reviewing Officer
f. March Past in Slow and Quick Time (Optional)
g. Advance in Review Order and Paying Compliment to Reviewing Officer (Optional)
h. Presentation=on of Awards/Prizes (if applicable)
i. Speech by the Reviewing Officer
j. March Off/Parade Dismissal
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Getting On Parade
To practice this movement, the squad will be at “Stand Easy” position. They will be in three
ranks in “Close Order” with the front rank facing the direction in which they will get on parade.
The right guide or right hand man of the front rank acts as the “Right Marker”.
“KANAN-PENANDA!” (“RIGHT MARKER!”)
a. On the command, “KANAN” (“RIGHT”) the whole squad getting on parade comes to
“Stand at Ease”.
b. On the command “PENANDA” (“MARKER”), the “Right Marker” springs to
“Attention”, marches forward and halts on the fifteenth pace and stands at ease.
“SKUAD MASUK BARIS!” (GET ON – PARADE!”)
Both the “Right Marker” and the squad spring to “Attention”. The squad marches forward, halts
on the fifteenth pace and “Dress”. All these movements will have the regulation pause between
them.
When the squad is “Dressed” correctly, the men will look to their front (“Eyes Front”) and
“Stand at Ease” in succession from the right by file.
Note
a. The command for the “Left Marker” is “KIRI-PENANDA!” (“LEFT MARKER”).
Generally, Markers may be addressed as “PENANDA TANDA”.
b. The distance which the squad comes forward may be shortened if the parade ground is
small.
c. A command of “SKUAD BERATOR!” (SQUAD, FALL IN) may be given. In this case,
the squad will spring to “Attention” and march into the parade square with the right hand
man of the squad taking the lead towards a pre-designated spot. The subsequent actions
of dressing, eyes front and stand at ease is similar to “Getting on Parade”.
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Chapter: Drills
The Singapore Armed Forces (plus the Singapore Police Force and the Singapore Civil Defence
Force) uses a unified system of drill commands across all three service branches. Formal
commands are issued in Malay with informal conversation conducted in English. All drills are
performed with feet stomping unless specifically instructed to perform ‘silent drills’. Singapore’s
cadet organizations also uses the same commands. Malaysia follows a nearly identical system of
commands.
Basic Foot Drills
S/N
Drill
English Translation
Timing
1 Sedia Attention NIL
2 Senang Diri At Ease NIL
3 Rehatkan Diri Stand Easy NIL
4 Semula As You Were NIL
5 Keluar Baris Break Off Turn-Check, Check
6 Bersurai Dismissed Turn-Check, Check
7 Ta’at Setia Taking Of Pledge Up
8 Ke Kanan Lurus Right Dress Up-Check... 5,4,3,2,1
9 Ke Kiri Lurus Left Dress Up-Check... 5,4,3,2,1
10 Ke Dalam Lurus Inward Dress Up-Check... 5,4,3,2,1
11 Dalam Buka Barisan, Ke
Kanan Lurus
Open Order, Right Dress One-Check, Up Check...
5,4,3,2,1
12 Dalan Tutup Barisan, Ke
Kanan Lurus
Close Order, Right Dress One-Check, Up Check...
5,4,3,2,1
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13 Padang Ke Hadapan,
Pandang
Eyes Front Up
14 Ke Kanan Pusing Right Turn (on the halt) Turn-Check
15 Ke Kiri Pusing Left Turn (on the halt) Turn-Check
16 Ke Belakang Pusing About Turn (on the halt) Turn-Check
17 Hormat Kehadapan,
Hormat
Salute To The Front (on the halt) Check-Up
18 Hormat Ke Kanan, Hormat Salute To The Right (on the halt) Check-Up
19 Hormat Ke Kiri, Hormat Salute To The Left (on the halt) Check-Up
20 Jadikan Dua Barisan
Kedalam Lurus
Form two ranks, take inward dress One-one check, up check
21 Jadikan Tiga Barisan
Kedalam Lurus
Form three ranks, take inward
dress
One-one check up check
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Basic Marching Drills
S/N
Drill
English Translation
Timing
1 Dari Kanan, Cepat Jalan From The Right, Quick March Left, left, left-right-left
2 Dari Kiri, Cepat Jalan From The Left, Quick March Left, left, left-right-left
3 Dari Dapan, Cepat Jalan From The Front, Left, left, left-right-left
4 Hentak Kaki Cepat
Hentak
Quick Mark Time Left, left, left-right-left
5 Dari Kanan, Perlahan
Jalan
From The Right, Slow March Left (two-three), Right (two-
three)
6 Dari Kiri, Perlahan Jalan From The Left, Slow March Left (two-three), Right (two-
three)
7 Maju Advance Forward Check-Bang/Left... left... left
right left...
8 Tukar Lankah Masok
Berjalan.
Change step on the march Check-bang
Stand at Attention
“SEDI-A!”
The reason for these movements is to enable an individual or a body of men to form a base
which all other movements can originate in a smart and uniform manner.
Stand with the heels together forming a V-shape. The
feet are positioned at an angle of 30 degrees and the
knees braced with the body erect. The arms are kept
straightened at the sides with the forearms tucked in
behind the hipbone and the wrists straightened. . The
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hands closed with the thumbs vertical and facing to the front and the back of the fingers touching
the thigh just behind the seam of the trousers; shoulders held down and back to bring the chest to
a normal position without straining or stiffening. The head held up with the neck touching the
back of the collar and eyes open, still and looking just above their own height, the chin tucked in
and mouth closed.
Common Faults
a. A strained position that constricts breathing.
b. The body sags and the shoulders and arms tend to creep forward.
c. Roving eyes.
d. Bending the wrists and failing to clench the fists.
e. Feet or body not squared to the front.
f. Heels not together.
Stand at Ease
“SENANG DI-RI!” (“STAND AT EAST!”)
Keeping the right foot still and leg braced back, “bend the left knee” and drive the left foot to the
ground 30cm (12 inches) to the left of the right foot. At the same time force the arms behind the
back by the shortest route, keeping them straight. Place the back of the right hand in the palm of
the left hand, with the right thumb crossed over the left. The fingers should point straight and be
kept close together. At the same time transfer the weight of the body to the left so that it remains
evenly balanced. The distance of 30cm is measured from the centre of the right heel to the centre
of the left heel. Call out “ONE”.
Common Faults
a. Bending at the waist when moving.
b. Allowing the arms to bend or sway away from the body when transferring to the back.
c. Moving the right foot.
d. Left foot less than 30cm from the right foot and not at the correct angle.
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Stand Easy
“REHATKAN DI-RI!” (“STAND EASY!”)
In this posture, the limbs, body and head are relaxed whilst
executing the “Stand at Ease” position. The head and limbs must
not move unless directed to do so by the instructor.
Common Faults
a. Moving the feet.
b. Adjusting clothing, beret, sleeves, etc without an order.
Stand at Ease from Stand Easy
“SKUAD!”
Immediately on the command, the body is braced up into the position of At Ease.
Common Faults
a. Not pushing the chest out and arms down together.
Attention from Stand at Ease
“SEDI-A!” (“ATTENTION!”)
Keep the right foot still and the leg braced back; “Bend the left knee”, pull the arms to the sides
in the quickest away. Assume the position of “Attention".
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Slow March to Quick March
Breaking into Quick Time March from Slow Time March
The reason this movement is taught is to enable an individual or a body of men to break into
quick time from slow time march in a smart and uniform manner.
“TUKAR LANGKAH JALN CEPAT, JA-LAN!”
The entire word of command are to be given over ten paces, starting when the command
“TUKAR” is given when the left foot reaches the ground and ends when the “JA-LAN” is given
on the left foot in succession on the 9th
and 10th
pace. Take a pace with the left foot in “quick
time march”, swinging the right arm forward and the left arm backward and continue marching
in “quick time march”.
Words of
Command
TUKAR LANGKAH JALAN CEPAT *Pause* JA LAN
Foot that
reaches
ground
Left Right Left Right L-R-L-R Left Right
No. Of
Paces
1 2 3 4 5, 6, 7, 8 9 10
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Quick March to Slow March
Breaking into Slow Time March from Quick Time March (QUICK MARCH TO SLOW
MARCH)
The reason this movement is taught is to enable an individual or a body of men to break into
quick time from slow time march in a smart and uniform manner.
“TUKAR LANGKAH JALN PERLAHAN, JA-LAN!” (“BREAK INTO SLO TIME,
MARCH!”)
The entire word of command are to be given over ten paces, starting when the command
“TUKAR” is given when the left foot reaches the ground and ends when the “JA-LAN” is given
on the left foot in succession on the 9th
and 10th
pace. Take a pace with the left foot in “quick
time march”, swinging the right arm forward and the left arm backward and continue marching
in “quick time march”.
Words of
Command
TUKAR LANGKAH JALAN PERLAHAN *Pause* JA LAN
Foot that reaches
ground
Left Right Left Right L-R-L-R Left Right
No. Of Paces 1 2 3 4 5, 6, 7, 8 9 10
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Marking Time in Slow Time March
This movement enables a body of troops to remain in the position whilst on the march.
Slow Mark Time from the Halt
“HENTAK KAKI PERLAHAN, HEN-TAK!”
Raise the left knee and remain balanced on the right foot, with the left thigh horizontal, the foot
hanging naturally with the toe directly under the knee. Immediately lower the left foot to the
ground without driving it to the ground. As the toe comes to the ground, start to raise the right
knee in a similar manner.
Common Faults
a. Not marking time on the same spot
b. Increasing the rate of marching
c. Stamping the foot
Halt from the Slow Mark Time
“SKUAD BERHEN-TI!” (“SKUAD – HALT!”)
Given when the left toe reaches the ground. Drive the right foot to the ground and ‘shoot the left
foot forward’ and continue to slow march.
Slow Mark Time from Slow Time March
“HENTAK KAKI HEN-TAK!
The word of command “HEN” is given as the left foot reaches the ground and “TAK” on the
next successive left foot. Complete a pace of 75cm with the right foot and mark time with the left
foot.
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Arms Drills
S/N
Drill
English Translation
Timing
1 Sedia Attention NIL
2 Senang Diri Shoulder arms to stand at ease One-Check One
3 Kaleh Senjata Change arm seats One-Check One-Check One-
Check One
4 Rusuk Senjata Shoulder arms from the present One-Check One
5 Hormat Senjata Present arms from the shoulder One-Check One
6 Hormat Ke Hadapan,
Hormat
Saluting to the front or at the halt NIL
7 Tatang Senjata Port arms from shoulder (rifle
pointing outwards from your hip
bone)
One-Check One
8 Bimbit Senjata Trail arms (rifle by your side) One-Check One-Check One
9 Julang Senjata High port arms One-Check One
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The Sizing Command
A correctly sized body of men will drill better together and give a better impression to the
spectators. A squad of recruits will be sized early in its training. Level ground should be used for
sizing.
A body of men is sized “tallest to the right, shortest to the left”, “tallest to the left, shortest to the
right”, or “tallest to flanks shortest to the centre”. It is done by forming everyone into a single
rank and grading them using the top of the head dress as a guide.
The sequence for “tallest to the flanks, shortest to the centre” is:
1) “YANG TINGGI KE-KANAN, RENDAH KE-KIRI, DALAM SATU BARISAN,
PA-RAS!” (“TALLEST TO THE RIGHT, SHORTEST TO THE LEFT, IN SINGLE
RANK – SIZE!”)
The squad turns to their right and break off as how they would for “Falling Out” to form a
straight rank. When the instructor has graded everyone into his correct position, he will continue.
2) “DARI KANAN – BILANG!” (“FROM THE RIGHT – NUMBER!”)
“NOMBOR GANJIL SATU LANGKAH KE-HADAPAN, NOMBOR GENAP SATU
LANGKAH KE-BELAKANG – GERAK!” (“ODD NUMBERS ONE PACE FORWARD,
EVEN NUMBERS ONE PACE BACKWARD – MARCH!”)
The instructor must check this movement.
3) “ORANG YANG DI-SEBELAH KANAN DIAM, NOMBOR GANJIL KE-KANAN,
NOMBOR GENAP KE-KIRI, BARISAN KE-KANAN DAN KE-KIRI PUSING!”
(“STAND FAST THE RIGHT HAND MAN, ODD NUMBERS TO THE RIGHT,
EVEN NUMBERS TO THE LEFT, RANKS RIGHT AND LEFT – TURN!”)
4) “JADIKAN TIGA BARISAN, CEPAT JA-LAN!” (“FORM THREE RANKS –
QUICK MARCH!”)
The even numbers wheel through 180 degrees and follow the last odd number.
No.1 remains as the right hand man, No.3 becomes right hand man of the centre rank, No.5 the
right hand man of the rear rank, No.7 becomes No.2 of the front rank etc.
On halting in position, each man turns to his front takes up his own “dressing” to the right and
front and remains at “attention”.
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Forming Two Ranks
When body of troops is about to parade in two ranks but require three ranks in the preparatory
stages, they should be sized in two ranks and then allotted their positions in three ranks (as
opposed to being sized in three ranks and then ordered to “form two ranks”)
FORMATION OF SQUAD (U-SHAPE)
Advanced Drill
S/N Command Meaning
1 Platoon, sedia! Calls platoon to attention
2 Barisan kehadapan diam, barisan tengah kekanan
pusing, barisan kebelakang kekiri pusing, barisan
kekanan dan kekiri pusing!
Front row ‘diam’, middle row turns
right, back row turns left
3 Barisan tengah kenan belok, barisan kebelakang kiri
belok, dari dapan, cepat jalan!
Middle row to turn right, back row to
turn left, march forward, march
4 Berhenti/ *Hentak kaki cepat hentak Halt marching, march on the spot
5 *Berhenti Halt marching
6 Barisan tengah separoh kekanan pusing, barisan
kebelakang separoh kekiri pusing, barisan separoh
kekanan dan kekiri pusing!
Middle row to half turn to the right,
back row to half turn to the left, turn
7 Platoon, senang diri! Platoon to stand at ease
*Can only be done in platoon strength (>21)
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Numbering (1-5)
No. Malay English Translation
1 Satu One
2 Dua Two
3 Tiga Three
4 Empat Four
5 Lima Five
Directions (Front, Back, Left, Right)
No. Malay English
1 Kehadapan Front
2 Kebelakang Back
3 Kekiri Left
4 Kekanan Right
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Chapter: Colours Drill
A Short History of Colours
a. The origin of the customs of carrying Colours goes back to the days of early man, who
fixed his family badge to a pole and held it aloft in battle for the dual purpose of
indicating his position and acting as a rallying point.
b. Colours have become the symbol of the spirit of a regiment, for they bear the battle
honours and badges granted to the regiment in commemoration of the gallant deeds
performed by its members from the time it was raised. This association of Colours with
heroic deeds has caused them to be regarded with veneration. The fact that Colours are
consecrated before being taken into use, and after service are laid up in sacred or public
buildings, helps to maintain the atmosphere of veneration with which they are
surrounded.
c. And although Colours are not carried into battle in the way they used to be, they still
retain all the tradition, glory, honour, pride and veneration of the past. Today, they are
still paraded and trooped in today’s armies.
d. The awarding of Colours to military units is an established practised of many National
Armed Forces. The SAF is no exception; Colours are frequently paraded during
auspicious and significant occasions. Traditionally, our State and Regimental Colours are
paraded on National Day, SAF Day and on the Unit Anniversary Day parade, with proper
Escort Party and Guard of Honour Contingents.
e. In the SAF, Colours are awarded to units in commemoration of their achievements in the
field of combat, training, administrative, operational efficiency and service to the
community. The Colours also help to promote unit cohesion, esprit de corps and instil in
the men of the unit a sense of pride and loyalty.
f. There are two types of Colours in the SAF – known as the State Colours and the
Regimental Colours. Regimental Colours are awarded to the Formation or Units about
five years after its formation. They bear the appropriate crests/logos of the respective
division/formation/unit and bear the honour in commemoration of its achievement.
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Parts of the Colours and its Accessories
The Colours, Pole with Pike and the Colour Belt
The following are to be introduced and explained:
Colours: The two main types of Colours in the SAF are:
1) State Colours – The State Colours incorporate the design of the state flag with the SAF,
RSN, or RSAF crest emblazoned at the bottom right hand quadrant. All Colours are
bordered with golden frills and matching tassels secured at the top of the pike.
2) Regimental Colours – These are coloured flags donning the colours and motif of units
that have been awarded Regimental Colours. All regimental
The Colours Pole with Pike
The overall length of the pole is 2.48m and weighs 1.3kg. It is made of hard wood, surmounted
with a solid brass pike and fitted with a solid brass base. The solid brass pike weighs 900g,
measuring 24cm in length. The overall weight of the entire Colours is 3.1kg.
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The Colours Belt
The Colours Belt is white in colour and it is made of vegetable tanned leather. The Colours Belt
can be adjusted in length to suit the height of the colour bearer (Colour Ensign). The length
ranges from 1.56m to 1.85m and the width is 7.6cm. The belt comes with a brass chrome plated
buckle with the Service crest welded/sewn on.
Casing and Uncasing the Colours
The RSM/Conducting Warrant Officer and the Colours Orderly will march towards the Ensign
Officer, halt about three paces in front of him and salute.
When the RSM/Conducting Warrant Officer and the Colours Orderly cut away the salute, the
Ensign Officer will lower the Colours to the horizontal position with the pike under the forearm
and the back of the hand towards the ground.
The RSM/Conducting Officer will move forward, hold the top of the pike with the left hand and
seize the bottom right hand corner of the Colours with the right hand. At the same time, the
Ensign Officer will seize the bottom left hand corner of the Colours with the left hand.
Together, they will bring the edge of the Colours and place it over the top of the pike with the
fringe also hanging over as the officer looks at it.
The same procedure will be adopted again with the next subsequent fare of the colours until the
whole of the Colours rolled long the top of the pike. Care must be taken to ensure that there are
no creases.
The RSM/Conducting Warrant Officer will then wrap the cord with the tassels around the
Colours three times. The Ensign Officers will grasp the ends of the cord and pass round the pike.
The Colours Orderly will pass the leather case to the RSM/Conducting Warrant Officer and
assist him to slip it over the Colour. Care must be taken to ensure that the Colours is not tucked
in any way.
The Ensign Officer will now raise the cased Colours to the order position,
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Thereafter, the RSM/Conducting Officer will move back to be in line with the Colours Orderly,
Together they will salute, turn to the direction of the unit and march.
Colours Drills
Position of Attention
At ‘Attention’ position, the Colours affixed on a Colours pole are to be held in a
vertical position at the right side of the body, with the base of the pole resting on
the ground in line with and against the right small toe. The right hand grips the
colour pole at the lower corner of the Colours with the right elbow close to the
side.
Stand at Ease
The movements are similar to the foot drills, except that the left, except that
the left hand will remain at the side and the pole kept perpendicular to the
ground on the right side.
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The Carry from the Order
The drill for the “Carry” is executed from the position of “Attention”.
“TEGAK PANJI PANJI – SATU!” (“CARRY COLOURS – ONE!”)
Lift the Colours with the right hand to the vertical position in front of the body. With the left
hand, guide the base of the colour pole just above the socket. Counting the regulation pause,
insert the pole into the socket of the colours belt while keeping the right forearm along the colour
pole for control.
“SKUAD – DUA!”
Force the left hand smartly to the side. At the same time force the right forearm to a horizontal
position simultaneously. The right hand is to be in line with the mouth, with the back of the hand
facing front, wrist and forearm horizontal.
Full Sequence of the Carry from the Order
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The Order from the Carry
“TURUN PANJI-PANJI – SATU!” (“ORDER COLOURS – ONE!”)
Lift the Colours off the socket of the colour belt and control the base of the colour pole with the
left hand. Simultaneously lower the right forearm onto the colour pole.
“SKUAD DUA!”
Lower the Colours to the position of the “Order”, grip the Colours and pole with the left hand,
with the left forearm parallel to the ground.
“SKUAD – TIGA!”
Return the left hand to the side smartly.
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Lowering the Colours
“HORMAT PRESIDEN/ MENTRI/ PANGLIMA!” (“SALUTE PRESIDENT/ MINISTER/
GENERAL!”)
On the “cautionary”, the Colours will let fly by lowering and raising the right hand grip allowing
the cloth of the Colours to be free.
“HORMAT SENJATA – SATU!” (“PRESENT ARMS SQUAD – ONE!”)
Lift the Colours well to the right and lower it with a sweeping motion downwards to a position in
front of and in line with the right toe. The head of the pike is 15cm clear off the ground, with the
Colours spread on the ground and to the right of the pike. (If strong wind is blowing from the
right, carry the Colours well to the left and lower it with a sweeping motion to a position in front
of and in line with the right toe. Then the Colours will spread to the left of the pike). The colour
pole is held under the right armpit and the back off the hand towards the ground, and the right
elbow close to the body. The Ensign will look to the front when lowering the Colours. The
Colours are lowered in time with the musical salute.
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Note:
When the Colours is lowered on wet or muddy ground, the
colour pole will be held horizontally in front of the body and
resting underneath the right forearm. The colors will hang
straight as shown.
The Carry from Lowering the Colours at the Halt
“RUSUK SENJATA – SATU!” (“SHOULDER ARMS – ONE!”)
Raise the Colours to the position of the “Carry”, guiding the base of the colour pole just above
the socket of the colour belt with the left hand. Counting the regulation pause, insert it into the
socket keeping the right forearm along the pole for control.
“SKUAD – DUA!”
Force the left hand smartly to the side and at the same time raise the right hand to a horizontal
position.
Note:
The Colours should be raised with the
right hand and pressure of the pole under
the armpit. The body must not assist the
raising the Colours.
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Change the Colours from the Right to the Left Shoulder
“KALEH PANJI – PANJI – SATU!” (“CHANGE COLOURS – ONE!”)
The left hand will grasp the colour pole and Colours close above the right hand.
“SKUAD – DUA!”
Bring the Colours to the front of the body.
“SKUAD –TIGA!”
Place the right hand above the left hand.
“SKUAD – EMPAT!”
Place the Colours on the left shoulder in the position as the right shoulder.
“SKUAD – LIMA!”
Force the right hand smartly to the side.
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Chapter: Pace Stick Drills
Introduction to the Pace Stick
The Royal Regiment of Artillery claims to be the originator of the pace sticks. In the early days,
gunners in the field gun team used a ‘pace stick’ to
ensure correct distances between deployed guns.
This pace stick was more like a walking stick, with a
silver or ivory knob. It could not be manipulated in
the way laid down in the current drill manual, as it
opened like a pair of callipers.
From this beginning, the British Infantry developed the pace stick as an aid to drill. Subsequently
in 1928, the late Arthur Bran MVO MBE developed a drill for pace stick. The stick he used is
still carried by the Academy Sergeant Major at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst (RMAS)
United Kingdom.
It is a tool that is used to measure the pace
(distance taken in a marching step). It is also used
by the Sergeant Major when laying out the marker
points on a parade ground so that the troops turn at
the correct point and finish up at the correct point
on ceremonial parades.
The pace stick, carried by a Sergeant Major is a
symbol of prestige and authority. The beholder is a
trained instructor of Drill, Parade and Ceremonies. He holds the responsibility of teaching
various drill movements and ceremonial proceedings of the parade to all ranks including
Officers, thus illustrating his capability to acumen in terms of drills and ceremony.
The Pace Stick is the epitome of authority and rank. It is a recognition accorded to a Sergeant
Major to carry out his primary responsibility of maintaining a high standard of Drill, Parade and
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Ceremonies, as well as upholding the highest standard of Regimentation and Discipline in the
unit.
Use of a Pace Stick
The pace stick is used to gauge the correct length of pace and to measure the distance between
files and ranks. It is a difficult instrument to wield and perfection of the art of turning it requires
constant practice. The instructor should march beside the leading man of the squad with the pace
stick open and turning, and control the length of pace. When the squad has progressed and is
marching the correct length of pace, the instructor should periodically check the length of pace of
marching behind them with the pace stick.
Parts of a Pace Stick
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The Method of Carrying the Pace Stick
The pace stick is carried, when closed either at the carry or the trail. At the carry, the pace stick
is held naturally under the left armpit parallel to the ground with
the point of balance under the armpit and the ferrules to the rear.
The head of the stick is held in the left hand with the fingers
extended together and slanting upwards on the left and the
thumb straight on the right. The index finger runs parallel to the
top of the stick with the second fingertip in line with the end of
the stick.
Pace Stick Drills
At the trail, the pace stick is held at the point of balance in the right
hand; thumb down on the left of the stick with fingers slightly
curled together on the right. The stick is lightly cradled in the hand
allowing it to swing with the movement of the arm. The stick is
manipulated between the fingers and thumb so that it remains
parallel to the ground at all times.
Position of Stand Easy and Stand at Ease with Closed Pace Stick
Stand Easy
To stand easy, the regulation pause is observed and the body is
relaxed. With the left hand, the pace stick is lowered in quick time
using an anti clockwise motion. The stick is placed on the ground
centrally between the feet and level with the toes of the boots. The
palm of the right hand is placed on the head of the stick, with the
thumb to the rear. At the same time, the palm of the left hand is
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placed over the back of the right hand, with the thumb beneath the right wrist. The brass plate of
the stick is pointing to the left.
Stand at Ease
On the command “BARIS!” the position of Stand at Ease is
resumed. Using the left hand, the pace stick is taken well out to the
left of the body and with a flick of the wrist in a clockwise
direction; the stick is forced beneath the left armpit to the position
of the Carry. The right arm is forced back to the right side of the
body.
Position of Attention, Stand at Ease and Stand Easy with Opened Pace Stick
When the pace stick is opened, it is held at the right side with the right hand. The movements
required for Attention from Stand at Ease and Stand at Ease from Attention are as follows:
Attention
On the command “Attention”, the left foot is brought into the attention
position and at the same time, the rear leg of the pace stick is swung
clockwise 180 degrees to the rear. The front shaft or leg of the pace
stick is kept upright, with the shoe slightly to the right and level with the
toe and the measuring bar pointing to the front. The stick is held by the
right hand, just below the apex with the back of the hand to the right and
the fingers together around both shafts. The thumb is nearest to the body
and the elbow sits against the sides of the body.
Stand at Ease
On the command “Stand at Ease”, the left foot is brought to the
stand at ease position and at the same time the rear leg of the pace
stick is swung anti clockwise to the front.
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Stand Easy
On the command “Stand Easy”, the position remains the same except that the body is relaxed.
Carry Stick
When holding the pace stick in the “Carry” position, the forearm is held
parallel to the ground. The index finger is wrapped around the front leg of the
pace stick and the remainder of the fingers and thumb are wrapped around the
rear leg. The front leg of the pace stick is kept vertical.
Moving from the Trail to the Carry on the March
“CARRY STICK – ONE!” as the left foot strikes the
ground, both arms are cut to the side of the body.
“CARRY STICK – TWO!” as the left foot again strikes the
ground, the stick is forced up beneath the left armpit and the
right wrist up against the left shoulder. At the same time, the
head of the stick is seized with the left hand.
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“CARRY STICK – THREE!” as the left foot next strikes the ground, the stick is forced
rearward to the “CARRY” (stick closed) position. At the same time, the right arm is cut to the
side.
“CARRY STICK – FOUR!” as the left foot next strikes the ground, the right arm commences
swinging.
Moving from the Carry to the Trail on the March
“TRAIL STICK – ONE!” as the left foot strikes the ground, the pace
stick is pulled forward with the left hand. At the same time, the right hand
is cut across the front of the body, grasping the stick at the point of
balance, with the wrist up against the left shoulder and the knuckles
uppermost.
“TRAIL STICK – TWO!” as the left foot again strikes the
ground, the right hand is returned with the stick to the right side
of the body. At the same time, the left hand is removed from the
stick and cut to the left side of the body.
“TRAIL STICK – THREE!” as the left foot next strikes the
ground, swinging of the arms is recommenced.
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Saluting with Pace Stick at the Carry
When saluting at the halt with the pace stick at the Carry, the left hand is cut to the side as the
right hand comes up to salute. As the right hand is cut away, the left hand seizes the head of the
pace stick.
When saluting to the left or right on the march, it is executed in the same manner as the lesson
taught in the foot drill.
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Chapter: Drill Sequence & Lesson Plan
Drill Sequence
1. Form the squad for drill
2. Introduce the drill lesson
3. Introduce the aim and objective of the lesson
4. English and Malay word of command
5. Show a complete demonstration without explanation
6. Show a complete demonstration in stages without explanation
7. Show a complete demo on the first stage with explanation
8. Let them practice, observe their mistakes
9. Gather them and explain the common mistakes to the squad
10. Practice the 1st stage, and once it is okay, proceed to the next stage
11. Once all stages are completed, combine all stages for practice
12. The squad will execute the movement on your command and regulation pause.
13. Once good, the squad would execute the movement by calling the regulation pause.
14. Highlight the common mistakes made
15. Conclude by demonstrating to them the next drill lesson movement without explaining
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Sample of Mutual Teaching – Foot Drill (HALTING ON THE MARCH IN QUICK TIME)
Introduction and Aim
a. A stage further into the foot drill, I am going to teach you the “HALT on the march in
quick time”. The command in Malay is “BERHEN-TI”.
b. The reason this lesson is taught is to enable an individual or a body of troop to halt whilst
on the march correctly and smartly in a soldier like manner.
Full Demonstration without Explanation
a. On the command “REHATKAN-DIRI” (“STAND EASY”), watch me as I will show
you a demonstration of the movement.
b. Instructor will demonstrate the movement giving the word of command “BERHEN-TI”
at the same time judging the time of “CHECK-IN –BANG”.
c. There, you saw a full demonstration of the movement.
Full Demonstration in Stage without Explanation
a. For easy learning and instructional purposes, this movement is broken into parts and each
part is by numbers. Continue watching this way and I will demonstrate to you by
numbers.
b. The instructor will demonstrate by calling out the word of command and execute it by
numbers: “BERHENTI DENGAN NOMBOR SKUAD BERHENTI – SATU,
SKUAD DUA, SKUAD TIGA!” (“HALTING BY NUMBERS, SQUAD HALT, ONE,
SQUAD TWO, SQUAD THREE”).
Demonstration in Stages with Explanation
a. Continue watching this way as I will demonstrate and explain to you the movement to be
carried out on receipt of the word of command “BERHENTI DENGAN NOMBOR,
SKUAD BERHENTI – SATU” (“HALTING BY NUMBERS, SQUAD HALT –
ONE!”)
b. Instructor will demonstrate the Stage One and at the same time explain the technique of
the execution for this movement.
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c. “BERHENTI DENGAN NOMBOR, SKUAD BERHENTI – SATU!” (“HALTING
BY NUMBERS, SQUAD HALT – ONE!”)
Given as the left foot strikes the ground. Complete a pace of 75cm with the right foot, and
freeze with the right foot flat on the ground, the left heel raised, the left arm at the top of its
swing forward and the right arm fully to the rear.
You the squad on the execution of this movement will now call out “SATU!”
Questions
a. Are there any questions?
Individual and Collective Practice
a. Practice individually or in pairs by calling out the correct word of command.
b. The trainees will practice individually or in pairs, calling out the words of command.
Instructors will check for common faults. Assemble the trainees. Highlight common
faults and practice them in squad level until they are able to execute the drill movement
correctly.
“SQUAD TWO!”
a. I left you in this position. Continue watching this way, as I will demonstrate to you the
actions to be carried out on receipt of the word of command “SKUAD DUA!”
“Shoot the left foot forward” half a pace of 15 inches (37cm) placing the foot flat on the ground
with the right arm at the top of its swing forward and the left arm fully to the rear.
You the squad on the execution of this movement will call out “DUA!”
Questions
a. Are there any questions?
Individual and Collective Practice
a. Practice individually or in pairs by calling out the correct word of command.
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b. The trainees will practice individually or in pairs, calling out the words of command.
Instructors will check for common faults. Assemble the trainees. Highlight common
faults and practice them in squad level until they are able to execute the drill movement
correctly.
Common Fault
The left knee is not braced when shooting the left foot forward.
“SQUAD THREE!”
a. I left you in this position. Continue watching this way, as I will demonstrate to you the
actions to be carried out on receipt of the word of command “SKUAD TIGA!”
“SKUAD TIGA!”
1. “Bend the right knee” and drive it down in double time beside the left foot. At the same
time, force both arms into the side of the body in a ‘scissor-like’ manner to assume the
position of “Attention”.
2. You the squad on the execution of this movement will call out “TIGA!”
Questions
a. Are there any questions?
Individual and Collective Practice
a. Practice individually or in pairs by calling out the correct word of command.
b. The trainees will practice individually or in pairs, calling out the words of command.
Instructors will check for common faults. Assemble the trainees. Highlight common
faults and practice them in squad level until they are able to execute the drill movement
correctly.
Common Faults
a. Bending at the waist when bending the right knee.
b. Exaggerating the movement of the right arm when bending the right knee.
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c. Incorrect balance on completion of the halt.
d. Not bringing the arms sharply to the sides.
Demonstration by Judging the Time
a. Continue watching this way, as I will show you a complete and final demonstration of the
movement.
b. The instructor will demonstrate by giving the word of command, “BERHEN-TI!” at the
same time judging the time of “CHECK-IN-BANG!”
Questions
a. Are there any questions?
Individual and Collective Practice
a. Practice individually or in pairs by calling out the correct word of command.
b. The trainees will practice individually or in pairs, calling out the words of command.
Instructors will check for common faults. Assemble the trainees. Highlight common
faults and practice them in squad level until they are able to execute the drill movement
correctly.
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Sample of Mutual Teaching – Arms Drill (M-16S1)
Introduction and Aim
a. A stage further to the arms drill, I’m going to teach you the “SHOULDER ARMS FROM
THE ORDER”. The command in Malay is “RUSOK SENJA-TA”.
b. The reason this lesson is taught is to enable an individual or a body of troops to execute
this movement correctly and smartly in a soldierly manner.
Full Demonstration without Explanation
a. On the command “REHATKAN-DIRI”, watch me I’m going to show you a full
demonstration.
b. The instructor demonstrates the movement giving the word of command “RUSOK
SENJA-TA”, at the same time calling out the time of “ONE, CHECK, ONE!”
Full Demonstration in Stages without Explanation
a. For easy learning and instructional purposes, this movement is broken into parts and each
part is numbered.
b. The instructor will demonstrate giving the word of command “LATEHAN SENJATA
DENGAN NOMBOR RUSOK SENJATAE – SATU, SKUAD DUA!”
Demonstration in Stages with Explanation
a. Continue watching me, I will demonstrate and explain to you the movements
“LATEHAN SENJATA DENGAN NOMBOR RUSOK SENJATA-SATU!”
b. The instructor will demonstrate the stage on and at the same time explain the techniques
of the execution for this movement.
c. “LATEHAN SENJATA DENGAN NOMBOR RUSOK SENJATA – SATU!”
1. With the flick of the right wrist throw the rifle up to the front of the right
shoulder, releasing it when the hand is level to the waist.
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Straighten the right arm to strike and seize the pistol grip with the thumb round the pistol grip
and the back of the hand to the right. At the same time, force the left hand across the body
and with the forearm horizontal, strike and grip the stock, forcing the rifle into the shoulder,
with the back of the hand to the front, and the thumb behind the stock. The rifle is vertical
with the magazine to the front.
2. You the squad on the execution of this movement will call out “SATU!”
Questions
a. Are there any questions?
Individual and Collective Practice
c. Practice individually or in pairs by calling out the correct word of command.
d. The trainees will practice individually or in pairs, calling out the words of command.
Instructors will check for common faults. Assemble the trainees. Highlight common
faults and practice them in squad level until they are able to execute the drill movement
correctly.
Common Faults
a. Not release the rifle soon enough for both hands to seize it at the same time.
b. Moving the right shoulder backwards.
c. Butt too far forward.
“SQUAD TWO!”
b. I left you in this position. Continue watching this way, as I will demonstrate to you the
actions to be carried out on receipt of the word of command “SKUAD DUA!”
“SKUAD DUA!”
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Force the left arm to the position of Attention by the shortest route, closing the palm on the way.
At the same time, force the butt of the rifle to the rear so that the right thumb is in line with the
seam of the trousers.
You the squad on the execution of this movement will call out “DUA!”
Questions
a. Are there any questions?
Individual and Collective Practice
a. Practice individually or in pairs by calling out the correct word of command.
b. The trainees will practice individually or in pairs, calling out the words of command.
Instructors will check for common faults. Assemble the trainees. Highlight common
faults and practice them in squad level until they are able to execute the drill movement
correctly.
Common Faults
a. Not keeping the elbow close to the body and the thumb in line with the seam of the
trousers when forcing the arm to the side.
b. Pulling the rifle butt too far back or not far enough.
c. The foresight tip is not touching and in the hollow of the right shoulder.
Demonstration by Judging the Regulation Pause
a. You have learnt the “SHOULDER ARMS FROM THE ORDER” in stages. Now, I will
show you a complete and final demonstration of the movement by judging the regulation
pause.
b. The instructor will demonstrate giving the word of command “RUSOK SENJA-TA!” (at
the same time, call out the time of “ONE CHECK ONE”
c. You the squad on the execution of this movement will call out “ONE CHECK ONE”,
moving only on the “ONE”.
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MARCHING SONGS
I Ask My Girl
Stanza 1: Stanza 2: Stanza 3: Stanza 4:
I ask my girl We had fillet When I book in I want to cry
To take a walk And apple pie I felt lovesick I want to die
To take a walk We share a cup I couldn’t eat After some time
Down Orchard Road Of lemon lime I couldn’t sleep I changed my mind
Bypass Mandarin Holding her hand Pick up hand phone I told myself
To Centre Point Look into her eyes I call her home Oh what the ____,
Where we had lunch I ask my girl Her mama said Next time book out
At MacDonald To be my valentine She’s not at home I try my luck
Stanza 5: Stanza 6:
There was this girl, There was one night,
Who wears no bra, There was no light,
Her ___ so big, There was no light,
Can see from far, So we use torchlight,
I asked her out, Torchlight no light,
She said ‘ok lah’, So use star light,
So off we go, Star light not bright,
To Hotel Shangri-la. So use purple light.
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Purple Light
Stanza 1: Stanza 2:
Purple light, in the army SOC, sibei jialat
That is where, I wanna be 5BX, lagi worse
With my friends, best companions Every day, doing PT
With my rifle and my buddy and me (everyone) With my rifle and my buddy and me (everyone)
Stanza 3: Stanza 4:
Booking out, saw my girlfriend ORD, back to studies
Saw her with, with another man Got degree, so happy
Beat the man, rape my girlfriend Can’t forget, days in army
With my rifle and my buddy and me (everyone) With my rifle and my buddy and me (everyone)
Stanza 5:
Purple light, at the war front
That is where, my buddy died
If I die,
Will you bu-ry-me
With my rifle and my buddy and me (everyone)
115
A.I.R.B.O.R.N.E Down By The River (continued from A.I.R.B.O.R.N.E)
A is for airborne Down by the river
I is for in the sky Took a little walk
R is for rough and tough Ran into some terrorist
B is for born to fly Had a little talk
O is for on the go Push them (hard!) Push them (hard!)
R is for ready Into the river
N is for never quit Let them drown
E is for everyday We don’t need no terrorist
Hanging around
C-130 Rolling Down The Street
Stanza 1: Stanza 2:
C-130 rolling down the street If this chute doesn’t open wide
Airborne troopers take a little trip I have another one just by my side
Stand up hook up shuffle to the door If this one doesn’t open too
Jumping down by the count of 4 Satan look out, I’m coming for you
Stanza 3: Stanza 4:
If I land in on the Russian front If I die in the Vietnam war
Bury me with a Russian gun Send me back with a Vietnam whore
116
Stanza 5: Stanza 6: Stanza 7:
If I die in Sentosa If I land in the old folk’s home Tell my girl i’ve done by best
Send me home in cable car Box me up and ship me home Silver wings up on my chest
Tell my mama i’ve done my best
Now it’s time to take a rest
Left-Toe, Right Toe Training To Be Soldiers
Left toe right toe keep up the tem-po Training to be soldiers
Left toe right toe oh-way-oh, oh way-oh Fight for our land
Once in our lives
Two years of our time
Here we go again
Same old street again Have you ever wondered
Up and down this avenue Why do we serve
_____ more days/hours/minutes and we’ll be through Because we love our land
And we want it to be free, to be free,
yah! (everyone)
Way-oh-way-oh-way-oh-way-oh-wah hah
Way-oh-way-oh-way-oh-way-oh-wah hah hah Looking all around us
People everywhere
Children having fun
While we are holding guns
117
Have you ever wondered Training in the jungle
Why do we serve Spiders everywhere
Because we love our land Wild boars having fun
And we want it to be free, to be free, yah! (everyone) While we are holding guns
Have you ever wondered Walking down Orchard Road
Why do we serve Ah bengs everywhere
Because we love our land Ah lians having fun
And we want it to be free, to be free, yah! (everyone) While we play with their buns
Have you ever wondered Stand... up
Why do we serve Feet on the ground
Because we love our land Come on everybody
And we want it to be free, to be free, yah! (everyone) Do your pa-art
Have you ever wondered?
Why do we serve?
Because we love our land
And we want it to be free, to be free, yah! (everyone)
118
Count By The (only on hentak) Motivation
Count by the, count by the left foot down lah Bang bang left foot!
One! (Everybody) I wanna hear your left foot!
Can’t hear you lah! Bang bang your left foot!
Two! Yea I said your left foot!
Speak/shout louder lah!
Three! Moti moti we got a lot of motivation!
That’s better lah! Dedi dedi we got a lot of dedication!
Four! Motivation!
All together now! Dedication!
To the corps!
One-two-three-four, Whose corps?
NCC, NCC, all the way! (hey!) Your corps!
We like it here, we like it here, we’ve found ourselves a home! My corps!
A home (home) Our corps!
A home sweet home! NCC!
All the way!
119
Cold Wind Blows
Stanza 1: Stanza 2: Stanza 3:
In the early morning march In the early morning run In the early morning row
With a backpack on my back With a backpack on my back With a paddle in my hands
With an aching in my heart With an aching in my heart With an aching in my heart
And my shirt is full of sweat And my shirt is full of sweat And my shirt is full of sweat
Stanza 4:; Stanza 5: Stanza 6:
In the early morning shoot I’m a long, long way from home I know, I know
With a rifle in my hands And I miss my momma so You have, to go
With and aching in my heart In the early morning march So hurry back home
and my palms are full of sweat When the cold wind blows I know, I know
When the cold wind blows You have, to go
When the cold wind blows So hurry back home
When the cold wind blows Cus’ I miss you so
120
Anglo Chinese School (Barker Road), National Cadet Corps (Sea)
Leadership Competency Model Guide
Leadership competencies describe the behaviours that are essential for a cadet to achieve his or
her maximum leadership potential. In a sense, leadership competencies define the skills and
abilities that all cadets should demonstrate in order to achieve their desired results. Leadership
competencies are directly aligned with and support the primary goals and strategies of the
organization as well.
Self
(1.0)
Interpersonal
(2.0)
Conceptual
Thinking
(3.0)
Mission
Oriented
(4.0)
Developmental
(5.0)
Self Awareness
(1.1)
Social
Awareness
(2.1)
Critical Thinking
(3.1)
Organizational
(4.1)
Developing
Individuals
(5.1)
Self Management
(1.2)
Relationship
Management
(2.2)
Creative
Thinking
(3.2)
Responsible
Decision Making
(4.2)
Team Building
(5.2)
Personal Mastery
(1.3)
Execution
(4.3)
121
1. Self Competency
The Self Competency domain consists of Self Awareness, Self Management and Personal
Mastery. It includes elements of
emotional intelligence, emotional self-
awareness, emotional self management
as well as skills that support personal
mastery, such as seeking and receiving
feedback, personal reflection, assessment
of current reality and personal visioning,
and goal setting. The essence of Self is
the development of a charismatic, self
aware, self confident leader who is a respected, likable role model and creates a unique
differentiator of his or her presence through behavioural flexibility and personal credibility.
Additionally, this leader’s elevated level of mental alertness and emotional resilience allows him
or her to sustain high performance under high pressure.
Self Awareness
The recognition of one’s moods, emotions, drives and their effects on the self as well as
the comprehension of one’s strengths and limitations.
Self Management
The ability to control one’s emotions and impulses when necessary, as well as the
flexibility in cognitive-behavioural faculties in response to stress and uncertainty.
Personal Mastery
The dedication to personal improvement in order to transcend one’s flaws and
stereotypes, as well as the self-confidence to question one’s character to elevate one’s
degree of consciousness.
122
2. Interpersonal Competency
The Interpersonal
Competency domain
consists of Social
Awareness and
Relationship
Management. lt refers
to the skills required to
develop and maintain
effective working and
personal relationships
by showing
consideration, concern
and respect for other. The purpose of Interpersonal competencies is to develop a leader who is a
good listener, provides opportunities for others to give input, and conveys key points being
communicated. His or her interactions with others are based on respect and an appreciation that
people with varying background and viewpoints add value to the organisation. Through
persuasion and assertiveness, he or she gains support for ideas and initiatives, and effectively
influences peers and superiors. He communicates in a compelling and articulate manner that
instils commitment, and adapts his communication to ensure that the audience understands the
key messages.
Social Awareness
The recognition of others' moods, emotions and drives, the understanding of the
interpersonal effects of such phenomena, the recognition of personal responsibility in
society, as well as the ability to empathise with others' concerns and problems.
Relationship Management
The ability to communicate effectively with one's peers, exchange ideas clearly, as well
as establishes and maintains friendly rapport.
123
3. Conceptual Thinking Competency
The Conceptual Thinking domain consists of Critical Thinking and Creative Thinking. It
represents the cognitive capacity of a leader to understand and responds
to the complexities inherent in the environment. The cognitive capacity of
a leader allows him or her to scan the environment and make sense of the
input, understand complex and divergent issues, and to interpret key
messages and trends. He can maintain order within chaos, solve
problems, and respond to challenges with innovation. He or she may use
past experiences, information from non-traditional fields and nonlinear
thinking to generate fresh perspectives and imaginative ways to succeed.
Critical Thinking
The ability to identify, define and solve present and potential problems via analytic and
logical processes while drawing on all sources of information, past experiences, so as to
also consider the consequences of any decisions made, as well as the relation of such
problems to a larger cause.
Creative Thinking
The capacity to envision various potential futures and think creatively of means to
actualise such futures, as well as innovative methods to resolve problems and facilitate
breakthroughs in deadlock situations.
124
4. Mission-Oriented Competency
The Mission-Oriented domain consists of Organisational, Responsible Decision Making and
Execution. lt represents a leader's ability to understand the intent of his task, and effectively plan
to ensure a successful outcome. He or she develops contingency plans to deal with potential
negative outcomes. He or she is able to manage a number of problems simultaneously and
remains focused in the face out multiple distractions. He or she copes well is ambiguity and is
able to make decisions even when not all the facts available.
Organisational Decision Making
The ability to plan for missions through an understanding of their intents, and to develop
plans to ensure that they are executed in a timely manner, while maintaining the
flexibility to modify plans for mission success.
Responsible Decision Making
The understanding of the art and science behind decision making to make optimal
rational decisions objectively, decisively and confidently, even in the absence of
complete information
Execution
The leadership to maintain decisive command and control during missions, as well as the
mental capacity to monitor changes in the situation, and hence adapt to them to achieve
mission success.
125
5. Developmental Competency
The Developmental domain consists of Developing individuals and Team Building. This
competencies is desired at three levels in the leader; individual, team and organisation. At the
individual level, he or she develop subordinates trough effective coaching and mentoring. He or
she develops team capabilities by harnessing individual strengths and diversity of views to
enhance the output of the team; he or she unifies the team by focusing on common goals, and
clarifying roles, rules and relationships. At the organisational level, he or she adheres to core
values and strives to impart them to their subordinates.
Developing Individuals
The interest in and ability to develop individuals under one's leadership to motivate and
inspire them to mature and strive towards their maximum potential.
Team Building
The leadership to foster the spirit of comradeship and trust within a team, with members
who are strongly unified and motivation.
126
NCC Behavioural Descriptors
Self Competency
1 .1 Self Awareness
Novice
o Does not recognise own strengths and weaknesses.
o Reluctant to discuss one's weaknesses.
o Uncomfortable in talking about one's weaknesses.
o Unable to discuss future ambitions and plans.
o Does not recognise how own behaviour is influenced by own emotions.
Intermediate
o Aware of own emotions and impact on self.
o Demonstrates and understand of one's own strength and limitations
o Demonstrates humility.
o Is comfortable with talking about one's strengths and weaknesses.
o Knows when to ask for guidance and support.
o Able to provide general intention of what to achieve in life.
Proficient
o Develops a deep understanding on one's strengths and weaknesses.
o Prepares plans to achieve eventual goals in life.
1.2 Self Management
Novice
o Unable to control impulse and acts rashly solely under the influence of emotions.
o Unable to control own emotions on self to achieve mental clarity.
127
o Demonstrates strong anxiety when thrust into unfamiliar situations.
o Is unable to function under stressful situations.
o ls unable to cope with unfamiliarity.
Intermediate
o Able to remain calm and composed under stress.
o ls able to suppress impulse and emotion to think logically.
o Adapts to unfamiliarity by leveraging on own strengths.
Proficiency
o Recognizes influence of emotions on decisions and compensates accordingly.
o Readily adapts to unfamiliar scenarios through the application of proficiency self
awareness.
o Posses the willpower to do what is required, despite being unwilling to do so.
1 .3 Personal Mastery
Novice
o Does not periodically reflect on one's actions and reaction.
o Intolerant beliefs and values that differ from one's own.
o Experiences significant self-doubt in one's character.
o Reacts negatively to criticism.
Intermediate
o Demonstrates humility
o Self confidence in one's beliefs and abilities.
o Leverages on one's strengths to achieve success.
o Willing to talk about one's character.
o Comfortable with talking about one's character.
128
Proficient
o Actively seeks feedback to examine strengths and flaws in one's character.
o Assess oneself accurately and realistically.
o Always seeks to improve one self.
Interpersonal Competency
2.1 Social Awareness
Novice
o Ignorant of the impact of one's moods, emotions and drives on others.
o Insensitive to the feelings of one's peers.
o Unwilling to conform to basic rules or social etiquette.
o Unable to control output of vulgar language.
o Uncaring for the less fortunate.
Intermediate
o Tempers one's own responses based on reactions of others
o Maintains the basic discipline to follow instructions
o Willing to listen to the laments of one's peers without imposing snap judgements
Proficient
o Able to detect and respond to non-verbal cues.
o Able to evaluate the consequences of various responses to select optimal reply.
o Actively seeks to be involved in community activities.
2.2 Relationship Management
Novice
o Uncertain of methods to engage in social interaction.
o Active listening skills are limited.
129
o Unable to express oneself with self-confidence.
o Unable to express oneself with clarity and structure.
o Unable to respond to questions due to lack of knowledge or fluent thinking.
o Requires guidance to respond and speak properly.
Intermediate
o Able to communicate confidently.
o Able to present ideas in an organised and timely manner.
o Ensures accuracy and relevancy of information in conversation.
o Emphasises pertinent issues.
o Seeks intelligent feedback.
o Actively seeks to clarify doubts.
o Maintains eye contact with audience.
Proficient
o Facilitates two-way communication to ensure understanding.
o Able to utilise training aids effectively.
o Able to respond intelligently without hesitation.
o Style of presentation inspires credibility and confidence in audience.
o Seeks to establish varied contacts.
Conceptual Thinking Competency
3.1 Critical Thinking
Novice
o Incapable of obtaining all sources of information.
o Unable to conduct proper analysis without assistance.
o Unable to clearly define problem.
o Conclusions lack analytical justification.
o Unable to produce complete set of tasks to actualise solution.
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o Unable to prioritise tasks in solution.
o Unable to identify most critical issues.
Intermediate
o Considers all available information in analysis.
o Identifies relevant data.
o Analysis of information is logical and sound.
o Completes analysis in an expedient manner.
o Clearly defines parameters of present problems.
o Develops and analyses various courses of actions to select a realistic one.
o Completes set of prioritised tasking for solution.
o Aware of rationale methodology to conduct analysis.
o Identifies overarching issues and problems.
Proficient
o Conducts detailed background research.
o Analyses consequences of solutions to pre-empt potential future problems.
o Analysis accounts for 2nd or 3rd order effects, or unknown variables of solution.
o Demonstrates situational awareness in understanding broader implications of problems
and solutions.
o Selects optimal course of action with consideration to the macroscopic structure.
o Able to make logical assumptions to aid analysis.
o Able to relate principles learned to other situations.
o Courses of actions and solutions demonstrate complete understanding of issues involved.
3.2 Creative Thinking
Novice
o Minimally able to overcome a fixed mindset.
o Does not question the status quo.
o Marginally open to other sources of input.
o Has difficulty generating own ideas.
131
o Unable to develop and elaborate on ideas.
o Solutions generated are incomplete.
Intermediate
o Envisions solutions to improve present state.
o Awareness of brainstorming techniques.
o Willing to incorporate new ideas.
o Open to feedback on own creative ideas and proposals.
o Develops innovative solutions that work.
o Avoids maintaining a fixed mindset.
Proficient
o Actively seeks feedback.
o Vast openness to new ideas and experimental efforts.
o Highly innovative ideas that facilitate highly effective solutions.
o Multiple workable solutions are developed.
o Able to rationalise ideas to convince other.
Mission-Oriented Competency
4.1 Organisational
Novice
o Unable to comprehend mission objective.
o Unable to understand intent of superiors for mission.
o Unable to identify and prioritise tasks for planning without guidance.
o Does not seek proper assistance when faced with difficulty.
o Unable to focus on mission.
o Plan is incomplete.
132
Intermediate
o Identifies and prioritises tasks.
o Sets clear and realistic objectives.
o Addresses coordination issues to plan for concurrent activities.
o Identifies problems and seeks assistance for their resolution.
o Incorporates feedback in plan.
o Develops detailed action plan.
o Assigns tasks appropriately in plan.
o Develops feasible action plan.
o Aware of appropriate planning methodology.
Proficient
o Provides solutions when requesting assistance.
o Displays significant initiative.
o Understands consequences of actions in plan to optimise use of time.
o Select optimal plan.
o Develops contingency plans.
o Plan displays situational awareness of the big picture.
o Pre-emptive actions are taken to preclude problems.
o Plan optimises use of time.
4.2 Responsible Decision Making
Novice
o Difficulty in analyzing situation.
o Decision-making requires assistance.
o Unable to make timely decisions.
o Poor judgment demonstrated.
o Decisions do not lead to a feasible outcome.
133
Intermediate
o Decisions are optimal.
o Decisions are timely.
o Displays sound judgment.
o Demonstrates situational awareness in decision-making.
o Decisions consider all relevant factors.
o Decisions include input from others.
o Decision considers all available options.
Proficient
o Able to foresee consequences of decisions and craft appropriate contingency plans.
o Ability to make correct decision with limited information.
o Decisive and committed to decisions.
o Decisions take into account benefits, risks and consequences.
4.3 Execution
Novice
o Experiences difficulty in preparing for and presenting a briefing 0 Unable to issue clear
commands and directions.
o Mission not completed on time.
o Requires supervision and prompting to maintain standards.
o Unable to focus on mission.
o Demonstrates limited supervision over subordinates.
o Has difficulty managing time.
o Unable to supervise concurrent activities.
Intermediate
o Maintains focus on mission.
o Situational awareness shown.
o Accomplishes assigned tasks.
134
o Able to reinforce standards.
o Able to transmit instructions clearly and confidently.
o Able to update subordinates on situation.
o Orchestrates concurrent activities.
o Maintains command and control.
Proficient
o Demonstrates strong initiative.
o Identifies potential problems and acts pre-emptively.
o Inspires confidence and motivation in subordinates.
o Encourages open discussion when appropriate.
o Adapts readily to changing situation.
o Demonstrates care for fellow cadets.
o Efforts result in team performance.
Developmental Competency
5.1 Developing Individuals
Novice
o Unwilling or unable to coach peers on their limitations.
o Unable to provide constructive feedback on peer's performance.
o Experiences difficulty in empowering subordinates.
o Fails to recognise and congratulate the achievements of peers for the sake of motivation.
Intermediate
o Recognises individual styles and differences of peers.
o Promotes sharing of knowledge and experiences.
135
Proficient
o Promotes leadership opportunities by empowering subordinates with autonomy within
boundaries.
o Adopts an open door policy to aiding peers with personal and work issues O Motivates
peers through unrelenting support.
5.2 Team Building
Novice
o Experiences difficulty assembling and organising a team.
o Unwilling to be involved with conflicts within the team.
o Uncertain of methods to improve collective morale.
o Unable to establish well defined team goals.
o Only able to assign roles and responsibilities with guidance.
Intermediate
o Establishes well defined and realistic team goals.
o Develops feasible plan to achieve team goals.
o Leads by example.
o Considers individual strengths and weaknesses when assigning roles/responsibilities.
o Engages team dynamics to create a team identity and foster cooperation.
o Recognises and resolves conflicts.
o Coaches team members.
Proficient
o Encourages open and candid discussion.
o Sets team goals collectively.
o Motivates team members towards team goals.
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o Ensures team members are recognises for their contribution.
o Inspires confidence and commitment among team members.
o Puts the team before the self.
o Identifies potential issues and conflicts and proactively resolves them pre- emptive.
137
Miscellaneous – Uniform Sizes
MEASUREMENT FOR N0.3/4 UNIFORM
SHIRT
SIZE SHOULDER
LENGTH
CHEST SHIRT
LENGTH
SLEEVE
LENGTH
XXS 15 INCH 34 INCH 25.5 INCH 22.5 INCH
XS 17 INCH 38.75 INCH 28.75 INCH 23.75 INCH
S 17.50 INCH 40.25 INCH 29.25 INCH 24 INCH
M 18.50 INCH 43.50 INCH 30 INCH 25 INCH
L 19.50 INCH 46.50 INCH 30.75 INCH 25.75 INCH
XL 20.50 INCH 49.75 INCH 31.50 INCH 26.50 INCH
XXL 21.50 INCH 52.75 INCH 32.25 INCH 27.75 INCH
TROUSERS
SIZE WAIST TROUSERS
LENGTH
23 (XXS) 23 INCH 40 INCH
27 (XS) 27 INCH 41.5 INCH
29 (S) 29 INCH 42 INCH
33 (M) 33 INCH 43 INCH
37 (L) 37 INCH 44 INCH
42 (XL) 42 INCH 45 INCH
47 (XXL) 47 INCH 46 INCH
CAMOUFLAGE JOCKEY CAP/BERET
SIZE INTERNAL
CIRCUMFERENCE
6¾ 540mm
7 560mm
7¼ 580mm
7½ 600mm
7¾ 620mm
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This manual was created solely for educational purposes. This manual is not for sale or for
unauthorized distribution.
Updated: October 2013