cal/ epa department of pesticide regulation harvard r. fong, cih senior industrial hygienist worker...

Cal/EPADepartment of Pesticide

Regulation

Harvard R. Fong, CIHSenior Industrial Hygienist

Worker Health and Safety BranchIndustrial Hygiene Services

Hazard Recognitio

n for Pesticides

Hazard RecognitionHazard RecognitionHow is it done for How is it done for

Pesticides?Pesticides?Primary Source: The LABELPrimary Source: The LABEL

Alternative SourcesAlternative Sources MSDSMSDS

Reference Texts Reference Texts

PEL, TLV, NIOSH Pocket GuidePEL, TLV, NIOSH Pocket Guide

Hazard RecognitionHazard RecognitionWhat is a Pesticide?What is a Pesticide?

FIFRA (40 CFR 162.3)FIFRA (40 CFR 162.3) “ “(1) any substance or mixture of substances (1) any substance or mixture of substances

intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest [insect, rodent, nematode, mitigating any pest [insect, rodent, nematode, fungus, weed, other forms of terrestrial or fungus, weed, other forms of terrestrial or aquatic plant or animal life or viruses, bacteria, aquatic plant or animal life or viruses, bacteria, or other microorganisms, except viruses, or other microorganisms, except viruses, bacteria, or other microorganisms on or in living bacteria, or other microorganisms on or in living man or other animals, which the Administrator man or other animals, which the Administrator declares to be a pest], and (2) any substance or declares to be a pest], and (2) any substance or mixture of substances intended for use as a mixture of substances intended for use as a plant regulator, defoliant, or desiccant.”plant regulator, defoliant, or desiccant.”

Hazard RecognitionHazard RecognitionWhat is Special about What is Special about

Pesticides?Pesticides?

Pesticides are a class of hazardous Pesticides are a class of hazardous chemicals that are released into the chemicals that are released into the environment in a controlled fashion to environment in a controlled fashion to accomplish their particular function. accomplish their particular function.

They are also one of the few materials that They are also one of the few materials that are intentionally added to our food supply.are intentionally added to our food supply.

They are also designed with lethality in They are also designed with lethality in mind.mind.

Hazard RecognitionHazard RecognitionFactors to ConsiderFactors to Consider

ClassificationClassification

Use CategoryUse Category

NomenclatureNomenclature

FormulationFormulation

Label InformationLabel Information

Physical/Chemical PropertiesPhysical/Chemical Properties

Hazard RecognitionHazard RecognitionClassificationClassification

TypeTypeAcaricideAcaricideAlgaecideAlgaecideAttractantAttractant

AvicideAvicideBactericideBactericideDefoliantDefoliant

DessiccantDessiccant

TargetTargetMites & TicsMites & Tics

AlgaeAlgaeVariousVariousBirdsBirds

BacteriaBacteriaLeaf StructureLeaf Structure

PlantsPlants


TypeTypeDisinfectantDisinfectantFungicideFungicideIGR & PGRIGR & PGRHerbicideHerbicideInsecticideInsecticide

MiticideMiticideMolluscicideMolluscicide

TargetTargetBacteriaBacteriaFungusFungus

Insects or PlantsInsects or PlantsPlantsPlantsInsectsInsects

Mites & TicksMites & TicksSnail & SlugsSnail & Slugs


TypeTypeNematicideNematicide

PiscicidePiscicide

PredacidePredacide

RepellantRepellant

RodenticideRodenticide

SilvicideSilvicide

TargetTargetNematodesNematodes

FishFish

Large VertebratesLarge Vertebrates

VariousVarious

RodentsRodents

Woody PlantsWoody Plants

Hazard RecognitionHazard RecognitionUse CategoryUse Category

General Use General Use Over the counter available for untrained Over the counter available for untrained

users.users.

Restricted Use Restricted Use Only available for use by certified Only available for use by certified

applicators.applicators.

Hazard RecognitionHazard RecognitionNomenclatureNomenclature

Active Ingredient (A.I.)Active Ingredient (A.I.)The material that does the claimed The material that does the claimed

activityactivity

Inert IngredientsInert IngredientsEverything else.Everything else.


““INERTSINERTS””

Inert ingredients are mixed with the Inert ingredients are mixed with the active ingredients. Inerts include active ingredients. Inerts include carriers, solvents, diluents, carriers, solvents, diluents, surfactants, adjuvants, emulsifying surfactants, adjuvants, emulsifying agents, odour masks, stabilizers etc.agents, odour masks, stabilizers etc.

They are They are notnot necessarily physically, necessarily physically, biologically or chemically inert. biologically or chemically inert.


Proprietary/Trade NameProprietary/Trade NameRoundup, Dursban, PoastRoundup, Dursban, Poast

Common NameCommon NameGlyphosate, chlorpyrifos, sethoxydimGlyphosate, chlorpyrifos, sethoxydim

IUPAC NameIUPAC Name2,4-bicyclo-2,4-bicyclo-ciscis-methyl-yabba-dabba--methyl-yabba-dabba-

4,5-4,5-transtrans-hideehoic acid-hideehoic acid

Hazard RecognitionHazard RecognitionFormulationsFormulations

Technical GradeTechnical GradeUsually what the formulator starts Usually what the formulator starts

with, with,

the the “pure stuff”“pure stuff”..

FormulationFormulationThe mixture (active & inerts) offered The mixture (active & inerts) offered

for sale/use.for sale/use.

Hazard RecognitionHazard RecognitionFormulationsFormulations

Most “finished” tank mixes Most “finished” tank mixes are primarilyare primarily

WATERWATER

Hazard RecognitionHazard RecognitionFormulations Formulations

AerosolsAerosols:: Liquid A.I. in a compatible Liquid A.I. in a compatible solventsolvent

BaitBait:: A.I. mixed with an attractant A.I. mixed with an attractant

DustDust:: A.I. in/on a fine dry particulate. A.I. in/on a fine dry particulate.

Emulsifiable ConcentrateEmulsifiable Concentrate:: A.I. A.I. mixed with emulsifier in an organic mixed with emulsifier in an organic solvent.solvent.


FlowableFlowable:: A.I. in a “batter” that can A.I. in a “batter” that can form aqueous suspensions.form aqueous suspensions.

GranularGranular:: A.I. in/on large dry A.I. in/on large dry particulate. particulate.

MicroencapsulatedMicroencapsulated:: A.I. A.I. embedded in microcapsules, embedded in microcapsules, released by diffusion.released by diffusion.


Slow ReleaseSlow Release:: A.I. embedded in A.I. embedded in matrix, released by diffusion/surface matrix, released by diffusion/surface contact.contact.

Soluble PowderSoluble Powder:: A.I. powder that is A.I. powder that is water soluble.water soluble.

Wettable PowderWettable Powder:: A.I. finely ground, A.I. finely ground, will stay in suspension with agitation.will stay in suspension with agitation.

ULVULV:: A.I. undiluted, 2 liter or less per A.I. undiluted, 2 liter or less per acre.acre.

Hazard RecognitionHazard RecognitionLabel InformationLabel Information

Labels provide essential Labels provide essential safety information. All USEPA safety information. All USEPA approved labels must provide approved labels must provide

a minimum set of specific a minimum set of specific information. information.

Hazard RecognitionHazard RecognitionLabel Information: Signal Label Information: Signal

WordsWordsCategory I: Category I: DANGERDANGER//POISONPOISON

Very toxic materialVery toxic material

POLD: Taste to a teaspoon POLD: Taste to a teaspoon Possibly corrosive to eyes or skinPossibly corrosive to eyes or skin

Usually Restricted UseUsually Restricted Use


WordsWords

Category II: Category II: WARNINGWARNING

Moderately toxic materialModerately toxic material

POLD: Teaspoon to ouncePOLD: Teaspoon to ounce

Possibly severely irritating to eyes or Possibly severely irritating to eyes or skinskin


WordsWords

Category III: Category III: cautioncaution““Slightly” toxic materialSlightly” toxic material

POLD: Greater than one ouncePOLD: Greater than one ounceSomewhat irritating to eyes Somewhat irritating to eyes

Slight irritation to skinSlight irritation to skin

Hazard RecognitionHazard RecognitionLabel: Precautionary StatementLabel: Precautionary Statement

Location of human hazard Location of human hazard information and appropriate PPE to information and appropriate PPE to be worn when handling this be worn when handling this material.material.

May also contain information on May also contain information on environmental hazards and specific environmental hazards and specific physical and chemical hazards physical and chemical hazards (fire, explosive, volatility, etc.)(fire, explosive, volatility, etc.)

Hazard RecognitionHazard RecognitionLabel: IdentifiersLabel: Identifiers

Trade NameTrade Name

Common NameCommon Name

IUPAC NameIUPAC Name

EPA Registration NumberEPA Registration Number

Hazard RecognitionHazard RecognitionLabel: Storage and DisposalLabel: Storage and Disposal

Information on proper storage Information on proper storage (temperature extremes, not near (temperature extremes, not near food, feed or incompatibles) and food, feed or incompatibles) and disposal residue and used disposal residue and used containers.containers.

Hazard RecognitionHazard RecognitionLabel: Contents/FormulationLabel: Contents/Formulation

How much does/did the container How much does/did the container hold?hold?

What are its physical What are its physical characteristics?characteristics?

What percentage A.I.? Inerts?What percentage A.I.? Inerts?

Hazard RecognitionHazard RecognitionLabel: Directions/Re-EntryLabel: Directions/Re-Entry

Information for the mixer/loader, Information for the mixer/loader, applicator, grower, farm workers applicator, grower, farm workers and any other persons who may and any other persons who may use or come in contact with the use or come in contact with the material and/or its residues. material and/or its residues. Includes target pest, allowed crop uses, special Includes target pest, allowed crop uses, special restrictions, WPS information, reentry intervals, restrictions, WPS information, reentry intervals, days to harvest, etc.days to harvest, etc.

Pesticide UsagePesticide Usage

SulfurSulfur 52,183,39252,183,392

Petroleum oil, UNCPetroleum oil, UNC 17,447,93517,447,935

Metam-sodiumMetam-sodium 14,815,68714,815,687

Methyl bromideMethyl bromide 7,384,3987,384,398

1,3-dichloropropene1,3-dichloropropene 7,009,0347,009,034

Mineral oilMineral oil 6,280,4436,280,443

GlyphosateGlyphosate 5,630,1435,630,143

ChloropicrinChloropicrin 4,927,1254,927,125

Copper sulfateCopper sulfate 4,121,0654,121,065

Sulfuryl fluorideSulfuryl fluoride 3,112,0773,112,077

Top 10 in California, by Pounds (2003)


Alpha-(para-nonylphenyl)-omega-hydroxypoly Alpha-(para-nonylphenyl)-omega-hydroxypoly (oxyethylene)(oxyethylene)

5,808,6755,808,675

SulfurSulfur 5,463,6945,463,694

Isopropyl alcoholIsopropyl alcohol 3,690,3573,690,357

GlyphosateGlyphosate 3,656,8913,656,891

OxyfluorfenOxyfluorfen 1,589,8931,589,893

ChlorpyrifosChlorpyrifos 1,478,7611,478,761

ParaquatParaquat 1,416,2341,416,234

Copper HydroxideCopper Hydroxide 1,158,2811,158,281

Alpha-alkylaryl-omega-hydroxypoly (oxyethylene)Alpha-alkylaryl-omega-hydroxypoly (oxyethylene) 975,189975,189

DiuronDiuron 843,154843,154

Top 10 in California, by Acres (2003)


SulfurSulfur 134,201134,201

Alpha-(para-nonylphenyl)-omega-hydroxypoly Alpha-(para-nonylphenyl)-omega-hydroxypoly (oxyethylene)(oxyethylene)

129,147129,147

GlyphosateGlyphosate 121,546121,546

Isopropyl alcoholIsopropyl alcohol 93,99793,997

OxyfluorfenOxyfluorfen 45,13945,139

PermethrinPermethrin 44,92944,929

Copper HydroxideCopper Hydroxide 40,56740,567

ImidaclopridImidacloprid 40,23440,234

ManebManeb 40,18540,185

ChlorpyrifosChlorpyrifos 38,66638,666

Top 10 in California, by Applications (2003)


About 70% of California pesticide use is non- About 70% of California pesticide use is non- agricultural, including:agricultural, including: Business and institutional useBusiness and institutional use Home and garden useHome and garden use

Half of the pesticides sold are chlorine-based Half of the pesticides sold are chlorine-based products used for water treatment (pools, products used for water treatment (pools, domestic water supplies, cooling/cleaning domestic water supplies, cooling/cleaning baths etc.)baths etc.)

ComponentsComponents of of ExposureExposure

SourcesSourcesUndiluted PesticideUndiluted PesticideApplication DilutionApplication Dilution

Foliar ResidueFoliar ResidueOff Target ResidueOff Target Residue

DriftDriftDegradation ProductsDegradation Products

PPEPPEProgram RequirementsProgram Requirements

Selection for pesticide users is based Selection for pesticide users is based onon

LABELLABEL

PPEPPE Glove Category Selection Key Based on Glove Category Selection Key Based on

USEPA Label CodesUSEPA Label CodesLabel CodeLabel Code Chemical ClassChemical Class Recommended By Recommended By

CDPRCDPR

AA Water and Dry Water and Dry materialsmaterials

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,81,2,3,4,5,6,7,8

BB KetonesKetones 1,21,2

CC AlcoholsAlcohols 1,2,3,4,7,8,1,2,3,4,7,8,

DD AcetatesAcetates 1,21,2

EE Aliphatic Aliphatic HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons

1,3,4,81,3,4,8

FF Aromatic Aromatic HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons

1,2,3,81,2,3,8

GG BenzenesBenzenes 1,81,8

HH Halo-hydrocarbonsHalo-hydrocarbons 1,81,81:Laminate 2:Butyl 3:Nitrile 4:Neoprene 1:Laminate 2:Butyl 3:Nitrile 4:Neoprene 5:Natural 6:Polyethylene 7:PVC 8:Viton5:Natural 6:Polyethylene 7:PVC 8:Viton

All but Laminate and Polyethylene must be 14 mils or thickerAll but Laminate and Polyethylene must be 14 mils or thicker

PPEPPE Pesticide Illness/Injury, By TypePesticide Illness/Injury, By Type

Systemic41%

Eye/Skin2%Skin

32%

Eye25%

96-99 PISP Data (WH&S) No NonOcc/Drift/StrucRes

PPEPPE Selection of PPE Selection of PPE

MSDS/Label ReviewMSDS/Label Review

How does agricultural How does agricultural pesticide users PPE compare pesticide users PPE compare to HAZWOPER/HAZMAT to HAZWOPER/HAZMAT requirements?requirements?

PPEPPE Comparison of Protection Comparison of Protection

HAZMATHAZMATLevel DLevel D

CoverallsCoveralls

Boots/ShoesBoots/Shoes

Eye ProtectionEye Protection

Hard HatHard Hat

Gloves*Gloves*

AGRICULTURALAGRICULTURALCautionCaution

Work ClothingWork Clothing


Gloves*Gloves*

Eye Protection*Eye Protection*

Low HazardLow Hazard


HAZMATHAZMATLevel CLevel C

CR ClothingCR Clothing

CR Boots/ShoesCR Boots/Shoes

Hard HatHard Hat

CR GlovesCR Gloves

FF RespiratorFF Respirator

AGRICULTURALAGRICULTURALWarningWarning

Work ClothingWork Clothing


CR GlovesCR Gloves

RespiratorRespirator

Sou’western*Sou’western*

Eye Protection*Eye Protection*

Moderate HazardModerate Hazard


HAZMATHAZMATLevel BLevel B

CR ClothingCR Clothing


Hard HatHard Hat

CR GlovesCR Gloves

SCBASCBA

AGRICULTURALAGRICULTURALDangerDanger

CR/Work ClothingCR/Work ClothingCR Boots/ShoesCR Boots/Shoes

CR GlovesCR GlovesRespiratorRespirator

Sou’western/BCSou’western/BCEye ProtectionEye Protection

SCBA for FumigantsSCBA for Fumigants

High HazardHigh Hazard


HAZMATHAZMATLevel ALevel A

Encapsulating SuitEncapsulating Suit


CR GlovesCR Gloves

SCBASCBA

AGRICULTURALAGRICULTURALNo way.No way.

Extreme HazardExtreme Hazard

Additional InformationAdditional Information Recognition and Management of Pesticide Recognition and Management of Pesticide

Poisonings, 5Poisonings, 5thth Ed. (USEPA Doc# 735-R98-003) Ed. (USEPA Doc# 735-R98-003)

Farm Chemicals Handbook, Meister Publishing Co.Farm Chemicals Handbook, Meister Publishing Co.800-572-7740800-572-7740

Occupational Safety and Health guidance Manual for Occupational Safety and Health guidance Manual for Hazardous Waste Site Activities (NIOSH Doc# 85-Hazardous Waste Site Activities (NIOSH Doc# 85-115)115)

The Worker Protection Standard for Agricultural The Worker Protection Standard for Agricultural Pesticides-How To Comply (USEPA Doc#735-B-93-Pesticides-How To Comply (USEPA Doc#735-B-93-001) 001)

Additional InformationAdditional Information Agrochemical and Pesticide Safety Handbook; Waxman, Agrochemical and Pesticide Safety Handbook; Waxman,

CRC Press LLC (ISBN#1-56670-296-8)CRC Press LLC (ISBN#1-56670-296-8)

Illustrated Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties Illustrated Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals, Vol. 5, and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals, Vol. 5, Pesticides; Mackay et al., Lewis Publishers (ISBN# 1-Pesticides; Mackay et al., Lewis Publishers (ISBN# 1-56670-255-0)56670-255-0)

Handbook of Environmental Fate and Exposure Data for Handbook of Environmental Fate and Exposure Data for Organic Chemicals, Vol. 3, Pesticides; Howard, Lewis Organic Chemicals, Vol. 3, Pesticides; Howard, Lewis Publishers (ISBN#0-87371-328-1)Publishers (ISBN#0-87371-328-1)

The Safe and Effective Use of Pesticides; UC Davis State The Safe and Effective Use of Pesticides; UC Davis State IPM, Publication 3324 (ISBN#1-879906-43-0)IPM, Publication 3324 (ISBN#1-879906-43-0)

cal/ epa department of pesticide regulation harvard r. fong, cih senior industrial hygienist worker...

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