Development Studies Prospectus The background to Development Studies at Cambridge and the MPhil course The tradition of research and teaching on development at Cambridge goes back at least to the 1930s, when some of those who were later to be the founding fathers in the field studied here as graduate students under John Maynard Keynes. In the seventy years since then research and teaching in the subject has taken place across many faculties and departments, especially Economics, Social and Political Sciences, Social Anthropology, Geography, Land Economy, the Judge Business School, and the Centres of African, South Asian, Latin American and International Studies. Today the University offers a wide range of opportunities for post-graduate training and research in all these institutions for students looking towards a career in development in the research field, in policy-making, in national and multilateral institutions, and in non-governmental organisations, as well as in the private sector and business. The Development Studies Committee at the University of Cambridge was established to govern the MPhil in Development Studies programme which has been running successfully for several decades. This highly interdisciplinary course gives its students a firm grounding in political economics relevant to the developing world – including the study of sociology, law, political science, management, economics and anthropology. The course’s ecumenical approach is further strengthened by the wide range of disciplines previously studied by each cohort of the roughly 65 students per year who now complete the MPhil. A further 40 - 45 doctoral students focussing on research in an area of development studies have also added to the research community promoted by the Committee, including participation in a weekly seminar series. In recognition of the many achievements of the Development Studies Committee and its MPhil, the University has, in 2012, established the Centre of Development Studies, along with a new PhD in Development Studies, and has provided dedicated space for the Centre within the Alison Richard Building. This new building has been designed to promote increased interaction and collaborative thinking between the Centres of African Studies, Latin American Studies, South Asian Studies and Development Studies and the Department of Politics and International Studies. The Centre is already benefiting from its new surroundings, and the international interests of colleagues and postgraduate students in the Alison Richard Building provide additional opportunities for reflection, networking and research to those pursuing the MPhil or PhD in Development Studies. One of the hallmarks of the Cambridge MPhil is its particularly diverse student body, with roughly equal numbers of students coming from regions throughout the developed and developing world. Particularly in the field of development studies, this diversity of experience and insight is invaluable in ensuring a successful course because it forces the students as a whole to consider the practical, on-the-ground application of theories of development, and the Centre’s top priority is to secure studentships so that talented students from around the world can complete its MPhil without regard to personal circumstances.

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Development research at Cambridge Member of the University's present and past staff include individuals and groups who have made major contributions to development in both theory and practice. The pioneers were Sir Hans Singer, the first economist ever employed by the United Nations, and Dudley Seers, founding Director of the Institute of Development Studies at the University of Sussex. Amartya Sen, an alumnus and former member of the teaching staff and author of some of the most influential work on poverty and famines in recent times, returned to Cambridge as Master of Trinity College from 1998 to 2004. The University's staff includes individuals noted for research on the political economy of China and East Asia, on the anthropology of development in Mongolia, on women in Mexican society, on the international political economy, on religion and national identities in Latin America, on migration and development in Vietnam, on the Middle East and political Islam, on capabilities and gender, on institutional reform, and much else besides. The advantage of doing research on development in an institution with a strong research orientation is that it is not driven either by the policy agendas of particular institutions or governments, or by a reliance on consultancy. Thus development studies in Cambridge are well integrated into a dense institutional and personal network and remain attuned to contemporary developments in the various disciplines. The MPhil in Development Studies as a career start The MPhil in Development Studies provides an inter-disciplinary training whose content and style have kept abreast with the changing reality of the developing world, and the changing requirements of men and women seeking to make a career in the development field. The approach is based on the recognition that together with the analytical rigour required of economists and other social scientists today, no important issue in development - poverty and inequality, population growth, the construction of the institutions of a market economy, war and human rights, democratisation - can be properly understood without an inter-disciplinary perspective. The MPhil in Development Studies is taught in collaboration with the Centres of African Studies and Latin American Studies, the Departments of Land Economy, Geography, Politics and International Studies and Social Anthropology, and the Judge Business School. It therefore provides a framework within which students can construct a pathway suited to a wide range of differing interests and needs: those for whom the MPhil represents a one-year preparation for a career in development policy can select a broad inter-disciplinary set of subjects, while those who wish to continue their studies at the doctoral level can select a more specialised set of options concentrating on the analytical tools of their subject, and discover which university department or faculty is most suited to their research plans. Students in recent years have gone on to hold a variety of positions in national and international development agencies and NGOs, as well as in consultancy, business, academic teaching, and journalism. Others have pursued their studies to the doctoral level in Cambridge and in other universities, in the UK and overseas.

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Development Studies Committee: location Development Studies Committee is located in the Alison Richard Building at 7 West Road. Development Studies Library is located in the Marshall Library of Economics which also houses the collection for the Faculty of Economics. The Marshall Library is located near the Centre of Development Studies on the Sidgwick Site.

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Structure and content of the MPhil in Development Studies Supporting the MPhil is a small team of four full-time academics, each with a different expertise within Development Studies, led by the Centre Director, Professor Peter Nolan. This group provides the bulk of the teaching for the MPhil and supervises doctoral candidates in Development Studies. However, this team is too small to support all of the teaching for the MPhil course, and the Centre relies heavily upon part-time lecturers whose own areas of specialism complement those of the full-time academic staff. Cambridge is privileged to have access to dedicated experts among its retired academic community, and both these former academics and a number of gifted post-doctoral research specialists based at the Centre contribute teaching on the MPhil. Among the Centre’s key goals is to establish a fund dedicated to providing for this additional teaching that is such a critical component of the course’s success. The Centre also aims to secure support that would enable the establishment of additional permanent posts – particularly in the areas of Latin American or African development. The MPhil in Development Studies is a multi-disciplinary nine-month taught course which offers four core papers and a range of option papers. The core papers are the responsibility of Development Studies Committee. Most option papers are shared with other MPhil courses (Management; Financial Research; Planning, Growth and Regeneration; Social and Economic History; Environment, Society and Development; and Social Anthropological Analysis). Some option papers are full papers and some are half papers. Students take four full papers (or their equivalent in half papers) concurrently. At least two papers must be core papers. One (full) option paper may be replaced by a 12,000-word dissertation. The teaching for all papers, whether core or option, takes place over the first two of the three terms in the academic year (Michaelmas and Lent terms) and, in some cases, extends into the first four weeks of the third (Easter) term. Students who choose to write a dissertation must complete and submit their dissertations along with the rest of their course work before the written examinations begin in the third (Easter) term. Papers are examined either by assessed essays written and submitted during the course of the year, or by a take-home project, or by a formal written examination. At the discretion of the Examiners there may also be an oral examination. Core papers Paper 1, Development economics This paper focuses on historical perspectives on development; goals and measurement of development; globalization and developing countries; theories of growth, structural change, and technical progress; agriculture and development; industrialization and trade strategies; theories and practice of industrial and financial reforms in developing countries; issues of employment, poverty, and income distribution; population policy; the development experiences of different regions. Assessment is by means of one 4,000 word essay and one two-hour examination. Indicative reading:

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Bhagwati, J., In defence of globalization, Oxford University Press, 2004. Chang, H.-J., Kicking away the ladder: development strategy in historical perspective, Anthem Press, 2002. Chang, H.-J., Bad Samaritans, Random House, 2007 and Bloomsbury Press, 2008. (*Please note that there are three editions of the book, all with different subtitles but that they are substantively all the same) Craig, D. and Porter, D., Development beyond neoliberalism: governance, poverty reduction, and political economy, Routledge, 2006. Easterly, W., The elusive quest for growth: economists' adventures and misadventures in the tropics, MIT Press, 2002. Glyn, A., Capitalism unleashed, Oxford University Press, 2006. Gray, J., The false dawn: the delusions of global capitalism, Granta, 1998. Hirst, P. and Thompson, G., Globalization in question, 2nd ed., Polity Press, 1999. Landes, D., The wealth and poverty of nations: why some are so rich and some so poor, Abacus, 1999. Milanovic, B., Worlds apart – measuring international and global inequality, Princeton University Press, 2005. Nolan, P., China and the global business revolution, Palgrave, 2001. Rodrik, D., The new global economy and developing countries: making openness work, Johns Hopkins, 1999. Sen, A., Development as freedom, Oxford University Press, 2001. Stiglitz, J., Globalisation and its discontents, Penguin, 2002. Stiglitz, J., Making Globalization work, Penguin, 2006. Sutcliffe, B., 100 ways of seeing an unequal world, Zed Books Wolf, M., Why Globalization Works, Yale University Press, 2005. Paper 2, Institutions and development This paper explores the role of institutions in human development. The course is devised using a wide canvas with the intention of exploring the manner in which institutions have been conceptualised and analysed across individual disciplines in the social sciences. The lecture course brings together theoretical perspectives alongside both historical and current evidence on the interrelations between institutional structures and social and economic actions. The course undertakes an institutional analysis drawing on concepts and frameworks provided by the disciplines of economics, sociology, political science, law and anthropology. The set of lectures examine the institutions of the state, notably the role of the bureaucracy and judiciary; societal institutions such as NGOs and social groups, customary norms such as culture and caste that affect human development. Individual lectures explore institutions such as the market, firm and the state, will examine the perspectives of different academic schools such as New Institutional Economics, Marxism, Human Development and Capability theory on institutional changes, and give due consideration to how key development concerns such as poverty, environment and education can be examined through an institutional lens. Assessment is by means of one 4,000 word essay and one two-hour examination. Indicative reading:

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Chang, H.-J., Kicking away the ladder: development strategy in historical perspective, Anthem Press, 2002, Fennell, S. 2009. Rules, Rubrics and Riches: the interrelationship between the legal reform and international development. Routledge. Kabeer, N., Reversed realities: gender hierarchies in development thought, Verso, 1994. North, D.C., Institutions, institutional change and economic performance, Cambridge University Press, 1990. World Development Report 2002, Building institutions for markets, World Bank/Oxford University Press, 2001, (http://www.worldbank.org/wdr/2001/fulltext/fulltext2002.htm). Paper 3, Sociology and politics of development This core paper introduces students to a critical reading of classical as well as alternative theories of development. It also brings to the fore the challenges these theories have faced from different quarters such as the post-development, anti-globalization and social movements approaches. The paper scrutinizes debates on substantive topics including the role of the post-colonial state in development, the contribution of international development organizations to shaping the discourse on development, feminist attempts to influence the development process, multinational corporations and corporate social responsibility, civil society and NGOs, political Islam and development, competing policy approaches to child labour, and the relationship between development and democracy. Assessment is by means oftwo five-thousand word essays. Assessment is by means of one 4,000 word essay and one two-hour examination. Indicative reading: Bayat, A., Making Islam Democratic: Social Movements and the Post-Islamist Turn, Stanford University Press, 2007. Brohman, J., Popular Development: Rethinking the Theory and Practice of Development, Blackwell Publishers, 1996. Chandhoke, Neera, State and Civil Society: Explorations in Political Theory, 1995. Crush, J., Power of development, Routledge, 1995 Escobar, A., Encountering development: the making and unmaking of the Third World, Pluto, 1995. Harrison, D. The sociology of modernization and development, Routledge, 1991. Hoogvelt, A. Globalization and the Postcolonial World: The New Political Economy of Development, John Hopkins University Press, 2001. Jolly, R., UN Contributions to Development Thinking and Practice. Indiana University Press, 2004. Kabeer, N., Reversed realities: gender hierarchies in development thought, Verso, 1994. Keane, J., Global civil society, Cambridge University Press, 2003. Keck, M. and Sikkink, K., Activists beyond borders: advocacy networks in international politics. Ithaca NY and London: Cornel University Press, 1998.

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Lieten, K and Ben White (eds) Child Labour: Policy Options. Amsterdam: Askant, 2001. Mamdani, M., Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of Late Colonialism Princeton University Press, 1996. Richard, P. Unholy Trinity: the IMF, World Bank and WTO, Zed Books, 2003. Roberts, T.J. and Hite, A., eds. From modernization to globalization: perspectives on development and change, Blackwell, 1999. Smith, B.C., Good Governance and Development, Palgrave, 2007. Wetherly, P. ,Marxism and the State: An Analytical Approach, Palgrave, 2005. Paper 4, Globalisation, business and development This course examines the possibilities for "catch-up" in developing countries at the level of the large firm. It analyzes the relationship between globalising large firms and the small and medium-sized enterprises that compose the rest of the global value chain. It combines theoretical and macro-level analysis witrh detailed empirical analysis of global change in a series of sectors: aerospace, pharmaceuticals, complex electrical equipment, autos and auto components, oil and petrochemicals, steel, mining, financial services, and IT. It makes extensive use of in-depth case studies from large Chinese firms, supplemented with case studies, where available, from other developing countries. Assessment is by means of one 4,000 word essay and one two-hour examination. Indicative reading:

Martin, H.P and Schumann, H., The global trap: globalisation and the assault on prosperity and democracy, trans. P.Cammiller, Zed Books, 1997.

Nolan, P., China and the global economy, Palgrave, 2001. Ruigrok, W. and van Tulder, R,. The logic of international restructuring, Routledge, 1995, 1998.

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Options Although there may be some variation from year to year, the following are currently being offered: Full papers Paper 13, Financial organisation and economic growth Paper 14, Philosophical issues in economic development Paper 18, Social anthropology and development (not offered 2012-2013) Paper 30, Justice and development Paper 34, Comparative development of India and China Paper 38, Migration, development and environmental change Paper 41, The contemporary politics of Africa Paper 42, The politics of the Middle East Paper 50, Economic development in Latin America Half papers (further half papers may be taken from the MPhils in Planning, Growth and Regeneration, and the MPhil in Environmental Policy, Department of Land Economy) Full papers Paper 13, Financial organisation and economic growth; coordinator, Mr M. Kuczynski, Pembroke College This course covers the following topics: interaction between financial organisation and accumulation; theory of banking and financial intermediation; consumer credit, corporate spending, public-sector finance and problems of regulation. There is an emphasis on international, cyclical, and dual (centre-periphery, regulated-unregulated) aspects. Examples are drawn from OECD and NIC experience. The paper is assessed by means of two 4,000-word essays. Indicative reading: Levine, R., 'Financial development and economic growth: views and agenda', Journal of Economic Literature 2, 1997, pp. 688-726. Stiglitz, J., 'Financial markets and development', Oxford Review of Economic Policy 5, 1989, pp. 55-68. World Bank, World Development Report, 1989. Paper 14, Philosophical issues in economic development; coordinator Dr G. Meeks, Centre of Development Studies The course covers debates about happiness, fairness, equality and freedom in relation to human welfare; rival perspectives on rational choice, a core economic concept; and ways of trying to judge the acceptability of competing theories about economic systems. Topics include: happiness measurement and the pros and cons of a utilitarian position on policy options; other theories of social choice, drawing on rights and needs,

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including Rawls’ justice account and Sen's capabilities framework; whether or not there is a conflict between seeking equality and pursuing freedom; limitations of the rational self-interest assumption and how to treat altruism and charitable aid; the significance of bounded and twisted rationality and of irrational exuberance; the case for and against using assumptions, as economists frequently do, that are not strictly true; scepticism, induction, refutation and paradigms; and how satisfactorily facts can be distinguished from values. The focus will be on weighing up grounds for alternative points of view; and the approach involves analysis of often quite short extracts from the work of leading authors (e.g. Williams, Rawls, Dasgupta, Broome, Keynes, Friedman, Popper and - most often - Sen). This paper is assessed by means of three 3,000-word essays. Indicative reading: Sen, A.K., Development as Freedom, Oxford University Press, 2002. Sen, A.K., 'Equality of What?’, in A.P. Hamlin (ed.), Ethics and Economics, Vol. II, Edward Elgar, 1996. Sen, A.K., 'Description as Choice’, Oxford Economic Papers, 1980. Paper 18, Social anthropology and development (from the MPhil in Social Anthropological Analysis); coordinator, Dr Harri Englund and Dr Barbara Bodenhorn, Department of Social Anthropology. NOT OFFERED 2012-2013 This paper aims to provide anthropological perspectives on a variety of practical and theoretical developmental issues. Central themes in debates about anthropology and development are examined in relation to regional examples of development initiatives and problems. The course focuses on development-related themes from a global perspective: development is not simply a 'Third World' concern, and covers three central areas: i) critiques of development policy and practice; ii) impacts of social, economic and political transformation; iii) the contributions and roles of anthropology. Specific subjects for study include: theoretical bases of development policy; gender and non-capitalist models of development; development policy and practice; privatisation; technology and indigenous technical knowledge; land use; environment and ecology; the implications of politicised anthropology and advocacy; discourses of participation and empowerment. The course also focuses on child welfare issues and services of relevance to development policy. This paper is assessed either by means of two 5,000-word essays or by means of a three-hour written examination. Introductory texts for non-social anthropologists Eriksen, T.H., Small places, large issues; an introduction to social and cultural anthropology, Pluto Press, 1995. Lewis, I.M., Social anthropology in perspective: the relevance of social anthropology, Cambridge University Press, 1995. Cheater, A.P., Social anthropology: an alternative introduction, Unwin Hyman, 198p. Beattie, J., Other cultures: aims, methods and achievements in social anthropology, Cohen and West, 1964. Background reading

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Afshar, H., ed., Women and politics in the Third World, Routledge, 1996. Cheater, A., ed., The anthropology of power: empowerment and disempowerment in changing structures, Routledge, 1999. Crush, J., ed., Power of development, Routledge, 1995. Escobar, A., Encouraging development: the making and unmaking of the Third World, Princeton University Press, 1995. Ferguson, J., The anti-politics machine: development, depoliticization and bureaucratic power in Lesotho, Cambridge University Press, 1990. Gardner, K. and Lewis, D., Anthropology, development and the postmodern challenge, Pluto Press, 1996. Grillo, R. and Stirrat, R., Discourses of development: anthropological perspectives, Berg, 1997. Hobart, M., ed., The growth of ignorance: an anthropological critique of development, Routledge, 1993. Nelson, N. and Wright, S., eds, Power and participatory development, IT Publications, 1995. Paper 30, Justice and development; coordinator, Professor B. Rider, Jesus College This course seeks to address, from a comparative perspective, a number of key issues relating to justice in the broad context of development. The study of these issues will be primarily from the standpoint of those concerned with legal justice, but will properly comprehend relevant moral, social, economic and political considerations. It will also have regard to the institutions and instrumentalities of justice and in particular deliverability of justice in developing, smaller and transition economies. While no prior knowledge of any law or legal system is required, the course aims to provide those taking it, with the ability to identify and analyse important issues relating to justice and thereby foster greater understanding of the role of law and legal institutions in society. While the context is legal, no prior knowledge of law or its institutions is required or expected. Assessment is by means of two 5,000-word essays. Indicative reading: Alston P., ed., Peoples' rights, 2001, Oxford University Press, chs 1, 6. Clayton, M. and Williams A., Social justice, Blackwell, 2004, chs 3, 4, 5 and 12. Dworkin R., Law’s Empire, 1998, Gart, Chs 1-3, 6,7 and 11. Eatwell J. and Taylor, L., Global finance at risk: the case for international regulation, Polity Press, 2000, chs 1, 4, 5 and 6. Fisman R. and Miguel E., Economic Gangsters, Corruption, Violence and the Poverty of Nations, (2008) Princeton King R. and Kendall G., The state, democracy and globalization, Palgrave, 2004, chs 2, 3, 4, 6 & 7. Kingley D., Civilising Globalisation, Human Rights and the Global Economy, 2010, Cambridge University Press McLeod I., Legal theory, Palgrave, 2003, chs 1, 2, 10 and 11. Sen A., The Idea of Justice, 2010, Penguin, Pts 1 and 3 Stiglitz J., Making Globalisation Work, 2007, Penguin

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Paper 34, Comparative development of India and China; co-ordinator, Dr Shailaja Fennell, Centre of Development Studies This paper provides both historical and contemporary accounts of the development trajectories of Indian and Chinese economies, polities and societies. The intention of this course is to raise key development issues in both countries in a comparative framework using both historical trajectories as well as current debates on the patterns of long term development in both countries. In the Michaelmas term, the lectures focus on the major historical events, movements and shifts in these countries to provide a deeper and broader context to current day development processes. The two set of lectures on the historical development of India and China raise key issues such as early modern development, colonialism and imperialism, formation of the new nation state and its implications for national development. Such a contextualisation of the national development of India and China forms the basis for lectures in the Lent term, where the lectures give students a fuller and more nuanced understanding of current national development patterns. This course is assessed by means of two 5,000 word essays on an approved topic. Paper 38, Migration, development and environmental change; co-ordinator, Dr Alexandra Winkels, Centre of Development Studies The objective of this course is to provide an overview of migration and its interactions with human development. Mobility and development tend be viewed as separate policy arenas, but research suggests that they cannot be treated in isolation. Development-oriented actions can influence the causes of migratory flows where on the one hand measures to enable migration can lower the risks and costs of migration and contribute to economic growth, technological progress and social empowerment. However, if not well managed, migration can also pose challenges to a countries’ development efforts (e.g. ‘brain drain’ and pressures on urban areas) and individual welfare. Migration is increasingly viewed as an adaptation strategy, rather than only as a distress response to disasters and we will therefore discuss the additional challenges of environmental change, mainly due to anthropogenic climate change, to development through the lens of population mobility. The course content draws on topical empirical case studies and combines formal lectures by a range of experts with interactive and student led seminars. This course is assessed by means of two 5,000 word essays on an approved topic.

Paper 41, Contemporary politics of Africa; co-ordinator, Dr Devon Curtis, Politics and International Studies This MPhil course explores major topics and themes in post-colonial sub-Saharan African politics, with due regard for African heterogeneity. It explores the interaction of local and international factors that have influenced social, economic and political

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trajectories in Africa. It assesses the relevance of theories and concepts developed in the fields of comparative politics and international relations to the study of Africa. The course is divided into two parts. In Michaelmas term, the seminars will focus on general themes in African politics. We will explore the histories and legacies of state formation in Africa, and assess theories of the state and their relevance in different parts of Africa. We will focus on key aspects of politics in Africa, including the nature of political authority and the relationship between violence, politics, economy and identity in Africa. In Lent term, students will choose one of the following options that will allow them to explore a theme in African politics in more detail. Option A: Conflict, peace and intervention in the Great Lakes region of Africa Option B: Mining and the Political Economy of Zambia Option C: Ethnographic and Historical Approaches to Politics in West Africa and the Sahel Option D: Empire and African Political Option E: Mozambique and the politics of state transformation Assessment is by means of two essays. Paper 42, The Politics of the Middle East. Co-ordinator: Dr George Joffé, Politics and International Studies This option, which is taught by George Joffé, supported by Roxane Farmanfarmaian, will focus on the littoral populations of the Southern Mediterranean, the Red Sea and the Gulf, in those states that have conventionally been seen to be the constituent parts of the Middle Eastern and North African regional system. It is a region with a common dominant religion – Islam – and, except for Iran and Turkey, a shared language – Arabic. It also shares problems of security and development, as well as a unique degree of external interference in its regional affairs, largely because of wider security concerns in Asia, Europe and the United States. It, finally, has just experienced a wave of revolutionary change, the outcomes of which are still in doubt. The option will seek to provide insights into ideological paradigms, governance and identity politics throughout the region, as well as discussing shared problems of development and regional security, linked primarily to oil, perceptions of terrorism and “rogue states”, as well as to the status of Israel in the region. The aim will be to examine why and how the region is of such acute importance to the United States and Europe. The option will be taught as a series of twelve one-hour lectures and eleven one-and-a-half-hour seminars covering the historical background, problems of governance and development, ideological competitors and the role of the outside world. It will also include a series of optional lecture courses which will investigate aspects of the region in greater detail. These are discussed separately at the end of this course description. Assessment This option paper is assessed by means of an invigilated essay.

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Indicative reading: Introductory Roger Owen, State, Power and Politics in the Making of the Modern Middle East, 3rd ed. (Routledge, 2004) Clement Henry and Robert Springborg, Globalization and the Politics of Development in the Middle East (Cambridge University Press, 2001) More advanced Nazih N. Ayubi, Over-stating the Arab State (I.B. Tauris, 1995/2006) Steven Heydemann (ed), War, Institutions and Social Change in the Middle East (University of California Press, 2000) Ghassan Salame, Democracy without Democrats? The `Renewal of Politics in the Muslim World (I.B. Tauris, 1994/2001) Paper 50, Economic Development in Latin America; co-ordinator, Mr Michael Kuczynski, Pembroke College This course of seminars is concerned with the main issues and outcomes that have characterized economic activity in Latin America since the collapse and transition of the 1930s. The course refers to economic problems, rather than to formal economic analysis; and the main requirement is an interest in such problems, rather than formal training in economics. The first part of the course (Michaelmas term) deals with issues common to the hemisphere as opposed to national experience, while the second part (Lent and early Easter term) deals with national experience in particular issues. Each seminar consists of an introduction (with summary handout), followed by discussion (based on the assigned bibliography). Half papers (students must combine two half papers to create one full paper) Further half papers may be taken from the MPhils in Planning, Growth and Regeneration, and the MPhil in Environmental Policy, Department of Land Economy. Paper 300 Politics, Society and Nature (from the MPhil in Environment, Society and Development) Paper co-ordinator: Dr Emma Mawdsley, Department of Geography This course introduces students to critical social science perspectives on the relationships between society and nature. It provides an overview of the ways in which these relationships have been conceptualised and formulated, and underlines the political and social contexts within which questions of sustainability need to be framed. Throughout the course, there is a strong but not exclusive focus on the global South, from intellectual debates to issues and examples.

This course will be examined by means of one five-thousand word essay.

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PhD in Development Studies

The full-time PhD course lasts for a minimum of nine terms (three years), up to a maximum of twelve terms (four years). Candidates must submit within that time-frame, unless they can invoke truly exceptional grounds (for instance a medical emergency) to justify deferring submission. Under certain circumstances, it is possible to spend time away from Cambridge to pursue research. Candidates on the three-year course are expected to devote themselves full-time to their studies.

In the first year, PhD candidates will have to attend a weekly seminar on research methods. Students will also work on producing their first year report.

All candidates for the PhD programme are not at first registered for the degree, as they have to pass a registration exercise towards the end of the first academic year of study. This exercise is conducted by the supervisor and an additional assessor. The registration exercise aims to ensure that the candidate’s project is viable, that an appropriate methodology has been developed, and that the candidate is capable of carrying the project through successfully. Failure to pass the registration (which may be repeated only once) will result in removal from the course.

For the completion of the PhD dissertation, PhD students need to follow the University’s detailed guidance on style, citations, printing, etc. All this information can be found at:http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/offices/gradstud/current/submitting/phd/.

The Assessment Process First Assessment: Registration The assessment period for registration is the second two weeks of June. By mid-June, candidates must submit a progress essay of around 10,000 words. The assessment will be carried out by the supervisor and an assessor. The registration assessment usually takes one hour. It consists of a short presentation by the candidate of the aims and methods of the study, and the hypothesis/research question or anticipated argument(s). In the subsequent discussion, the assessors must satisfy themselves that the project of the candidate is relevant and viable, offering the prospect of original discovery. They also review the methodology, including, where relevant, the choice of case studies, and consider the knowledge of the candidate of the relevant literature. Registration will be recommended where both assessors have no doubts about the aptitude of the candidate and the viability of the project. Where the assessors raise some issues, but are minded to recommend registration in principle, they may invite the candidate to revise the assessment documents within two weeks. Registration will take place if the two assessors profess themselves satisfied with the revised work, without the need for a second oral assessment meeting. If the assessment results in a fail, the assessors shall invite the candidate to submit revised written work and repeat the exercise within three months.

A repeated assessment shall be attended by the Director of the PhD Programme or the Chair or Secretary of the GEC and may also be attended by the supervisor. Where resubmission of the assessment documents is requested, the assessors shall furnish the candidate with a written report stating their concerns, to be communicated to the candidate through the supervisor. The aim of the report is to assist the candidate in addressing the concerns of the assessors in the revised submission. If the assessors do

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not agree on registration after the second registration meeting, the candidate shall not be registered. The case will then be referred to the GEC, which may recommend to the Degree Committee award of the Certificate of Diligent Study or other steps in lieu of allowing them to continue to read for the PhD. If the repeated assessment succeeds, the candidate shall be registered in the ordinary way.

Calendar for 2012-2013 "Full term" means: the eight-week central portion of each of the three terms (Michaelmas, Lent and Easter), during which teaching takes place and students are expected to be in residence. Graduate students usually stay in Cambridge outside full term in order to pursue their studies. Michaelmas

• Monday 1 October: Term begins • Monday 1 October: Registration • Tuesday 2 October: Full term begins • Friday 30 November: Full term ends • Wednesday 19 December: Term ends

Lent

• Saturday 5 January: Term begins • Tuesday 15 January: Full term begins • Friday 15 March: Full term ends • Sunday 24 March: Term ends

Easter

• Wednesday 17 April: Term begins • Tuesday 23 April: Full term begins • Friday 14 June: Full term ends • Tuesday 25 June: Term ends

Graduation

• Saturday 20 July

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Centre of Development Studies: Organisation and Academic Staff Organisation Development Studies Committee Development Studies Committee is the managing committee for the MPhil in Development Studies. It meets three times a year, and is responsible for policy decisions in relation to the MPhil. Its members are drawn from the faculties and departments which contribute to the MPhil in Development Studies, together with Development Studies' academic staff and nominees from the University's General Board. The Chair of Development Studies Committee is the Director of the Centre of Development Studies, Professor Peter Nolan. The Degree Committee The Degree Committee for the MPhil in Development Studies is the Degree Committee for Politics, Psychology, Sociology and International Studies (PPSIS). The Course Director for the MPhil in Development Studies is also a member of the Degree Committee. The Degree Committee ratifies all recommendations for admission to the MPhil in Development Studies made by Development Studies Admissions Committee, it receives and considers supervisors' reports on current students, it ratifies examination marks, and it has supervisory responsibility for the policy decisions made by Development Studies Committee. The Course Director The Course Director for the MPhil in Development Studies is always a member of Development Studies' academic staff. The Course Director has overall responsibility for the programming and teaching of the course. He or she ensures that all students follow their examination choices, that the chosen combination of papers is both permissible and appropriate, and that proper supervisory arrangements are in place. The Course Director for 2012-2013 is Dr Ha-Joon Chang Academic staff (including affiliated lecturers and researchers) Maha Abdelrahman is a University Lecturer in Development Studies at the Centre of International Studies. She acquired her BA in Anthropology and her MA in Sociology at the American University in Cairo before taking her PhD in Development Studies at the Institute of Social Studies, the Netherlands. She is the author of Civil society exposed: the politics of NGOs in Egypt (2004) and co-editor of Cultural dynamics in contemporary Egypt (2006). Her most recent journal articles include 'The politics of un-civil society in Egypt' (2002), 'NGOs and the dynamics of the Egyptian labour market' (2007), 'The nationalization of the human rights debate in Egypt' (2007), and 'With the Islamists? Sometimes...With the State? Never! The Left and Islamists in Egypt' (forthcoming 2007). Ha-Joon Chang is Reader in the Political Economy of Development in the Faculty of Economics. He read for his BA in Economics at Seoul National University, Korea, and his MPhil and PhD at the Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge. His main

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research interests include theories of state intervention; institutional economics; industrial policy; privatisation; trade policy; technological progress; globalisation; the East Asian economies; and economic development in historical perspective. He is the author of 23 Things They Don’t Tell You About Capitalism, 2010; Bad Samaritans: rich nations, poor policies, and the threat to the developing world (2007); The East Asian development experience: the miracle, the crisis and the future (2006); Reclaiming development: an alternative policy manual (with I. Grabel, 2004); Globalisation, economic development, and the role of the state (2003); Restructuring Korea Inc: financial crisis, corporate reform, and institutional transition (with J.-S. Shin, 2003); Kicking away the ladder. Development strategy in historical perspective (2002); and The political economy of industrial policy (1994, 1996). His edited works include Public Policy and Agricultural Development (2012, forthcoming); Institutional change and economic development (2007); Brazil and South Korea: economic crisis and restructuring (with E. Amann, 2003); Rethinking development economics (2003); The rebel within: Joseph Stiglitz at the World Bank (2001); Financial liberalisation and the Asian crisis (2001, with G. Palma and D.H. Whittaker); The role of the state in economic change (1995, with R. Rowthorn); and The transformation of the Communist economies: against the mainstream (1995, with P. Nolan). He is the winner of the 2003 Myrdal Prize awarded by the European Association for Evolutionary Political Economy, and of the 2005 Leontief Prize awarded by Tufts University. Dr Flavio Comim is an Affiliated Lecturer in Human Development and Ecosystems in the department of Land Economy, University of Cambridge and Visiting Fellow at St Edmund’s College.

Flavio teaches on a paper on ethics, capabilities and sustainable development. He is also an examiner for the MPhil in Development Studies

Flavio is a consultant for the following bodies: FAO for producing their Country Programme Framework in Brazil; the Coordination of the United Nations in Brazil for assessing the 2007- 2011 UNDAF and for preparing the 2012-2015 UNDAF paper; and for the UNDP Panama – Analysis of Panama as a Middle Income Country. He is also a referee for the European Research Council and the Templeton Foundation. Dr Shailaja Fennell is a University Lecturer in Development Studies attached to the Department of Land Economy, a Fellow of Jesus College and an affiliated lecturer in the Faculty of Law. She was awarded her BA, MA and MPhil in Economics from the University of Delhi, and then went on to read for her MPhil and PhD in the Faculty of Economics and Politics, University of Cambridge. Dr Fennell is currently researching public-private partnerships in education as a member of the DfID-funded Cambridge-based consortium on education outcomes for the poor (RECOUP). Her publications include 'The ethics of population control', in D. Clark, ed., The Elgar Companion to Development Economics (2006); Rules, rubrics and riches: the relationship between legal reform, institutional change and international development (2009); Gender, education and equality: conceptual frameworks, engagements and agendas (ed. with M. Arnot, (2007); State Fragility and African Agriculture’ and a background paper for the European Development Report, 2009

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Dr Charlotte Goodburn is an Affiliated Lecturer, Centre of Development Studies, Research Fellow, University of Cambridge (funded by the Cambridge China Development Trust) Lecturer in Chinese Politics and Development, Lau China Institute, King’s College London (from September 2012) She studied for a BA in History, followed by an MPhil in Chinese Studies and a PhD in Land Economy at the University of Cambridge. She is currently completing doctoral research on the impact of rural-urban migration on migrant children in China and India. Her research interests include migration and urbanisation; comparative development in Asia; educational provision; and gender and household dynamics. Michael Kuczynski is an Affiliated Lecturer whose research interests are in competition processes and in price formation in financial activity in an international context. He works in particular on different interpretations of banking (including Islamic finance), determinants of bank profits, comparative evolution of public finance, analysis of monetary policy, the risk- and term- structure movement of market interest rates, the movement of market interest rates, and the movement of exchange rates. He also has interests in fund management, market micro-structure, and comparative long-term economic-growth performance (especially Western hemisphere vs East Asia). Dr Gay Meeks is an Affiliated Lecturer whose research interests are in Philosophy and Economics, including debates about happiness, justice, equality, capabilities and freedom; some aspects of information economics and welfare economics in relation to business decisions; alternative perspectives on rational choice and on theory choice; and - it follows from the rest - the work of Amartya Sen. Her publications include ‘Self-fulfilling prophecies of failure: the endogenous balance sheets of distressed companies (with Geoff Meeks), Abacus, 45: 22-43, 2009 (Abacus 2009 Best Manuscript Award) and Thoughtful Economic Man: Essays on Rationality, Moral Rules and Benevolence (with contributions from Hahn, Sen, Collard, Ryan, Cramp, Broome, Matthews and Meeks), Cambridge University Press, original hardback 1991, new paperback issue 2010. Dr Chizu Nakajima is Director, Centre for Centre for Financial Regulation and Crime, Cass Business School; Co-Director, Centre for Research in Corporate Governance, Cass Business School; Senior Associate Research Fellow, Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of London Chair, British Japanese Law Association .

LL.B. (Keio), M.A. (Keio), Ph.D. (London), FSALS

Chizu’s main areas of research include corporate law and governance, corporate social responsibility, business ethics, financial services regulation, international law, and comparative law. She has published widely in these areas and has lead many international research projects, funded by various inter-governmental bodies and governmental agencies. She sits on the editorial of board of leading academic journals in law and management and serves as reviewer for journals, including the British Journal of Management and Long Range Planning. Chizu is a regular speaker at conferences held by inter-governmental bodies, such as the United Nations, World Bank and European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, governmental agencies and academies, including the Academy of Management and Academy of Legal Studies in Business.

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Chizu teaches on Paper 30, Justice and development. Professor Peter Nolan holds the Chong Hua Chair in Chinese Development and is Director of the University’s Centre of Development Studies, University of Cambridge. He is the Director of the Chinese Executive Leadership Programme (CELP), which each year brings CEOs from China’s largest firms to the University of Cambridge for a three-week training programme, taught by a combination of academics and the leaders of international firms. Peter Nolan has researched, written and taught on a wide range of issues in economic development, globalisation and the transition of former planned economies. He has researched on comparative development in China and India; on Chinese agriculture; system change in China and the former USSR; poverty, famine, inequality and migration; restructuring large global firms in the era of the Global Business Revolution; the transformation of large Chinese firms since the 1980s; the evolution of China’s political economy; the inter-action between Chinese and the global firms in the era of the Global Business Revolution; and the contradictory character of capitalist globalisation. Professor Barry Rider supervises research as a Professor of Law, at the University of London. He was appointed Honorary Senior Research Fellow at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of London, on his retirement as its Director in 2003. He has been a Fellow of Jesus College since 1976 and a Fellow Commoner since 2000. He has taught law in the University of Cambridge since 1976 and is currently a Professorial Fellow in the Development Studies Programme. He holds a number of overseas appointments, including a Chair in Mercantile Law at the University of the Free State, South Africa, and Chairs in law and criminology at Beijing Normal University, China, and in commercial law at Remin University, China. He has held and continues to hold a number of visiting professorships including at the University of Hong Kong and the University of Florida. Professor Rider read for his LLB and PhD at Queen Mary College, London. He took an MA and a further PhD from the University of Cambridge. He has been awarded honorary doctorates in law from Penn State University, USA, and the University of the Free State, South Africa. He is also a member of the English Bar. For many years Professor Rider has served as a senior international civil servant and has undertaken consultancy work for a number of inter-governmental organisations, including the IMF, Commonwealth Secretariat, European Union and United Nations. He is currently consultant to the Islamic Financial Services Board, Standing Counsel to the Peoples Bank of China and of counsel to the leading international US law firm Bryan Cave LLP. His main areas of research are in financial law and the control of economic crime. He is the general editor of a number of journals and has written and edited books on financial services law, the control of markets abuses, corruption, money laundering, corporate law, and comparative law. Professor Ajit Singh who is currently collaborating with Dr Fennell, has research interests which cover modern business enterprise, corporate organisation, corporate organisation, corporate finance, takeovers, the stock market and the theory of the firm. He has worked extensively on de-industrialisation and long-term structural changes in advanced and emerging economies; North-South competition and issues of employment

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and unemployment in the North and the South; liberalisation and globalisation of financial and product markets; financial markets and industrialisation in emerging markets. Dr Alexandra Winkels’ main research interests revolve around the interactions between population, development and natural resources in developing countries. Investigations include the linkages between migration and development, in particular the risks faces by migrants and their families as a result of migration. Recent work looks at the way in which environmental change and resource scarcities interact with livelihood vulnerability and migration dynamics.. Past research considered the role of social capital in the migration process and the impact of migration on those who stay behind at origin. Alexandra has also studied the global –local linkages of global markets and how they impact on livelihood vulnerability of migrant farmers by conducting a trajectory study examining the vulnerability of coffee growing migrants in Vietnam over a five year period.

Alexandra’s teaching ranges from undergraduate geography and development studies, to postgraduate teaching on migration. She currently coordinates a module on Migration, Development and Environmental Change (Paper 38) for the MPhil in Development Studies.

She supervises MPhil dissertations and can be approached as potential supervisor for doctoral students.

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Academic staff leave As members of a research-oriented institution, Cambridge University staff are entitled to sabbatical leave. As a result, it is possible that in any particular term or year one of the members of the academic staff may be away. The University always endeavours to make appropriate arrangements for substitute teaching, but occasionally one or another option may be suspended during a staff member's leave.

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Admissions MPhil in Development Studies Admission requirements The MPhil in Development Studies is largely for students with a background in one or more of the social sciences, although many students have had degrees in disciplines ranging from the humanities to the natural sciences. The academic backgrounds of the current intake, for example, include American Studies, Anthropology, Biological Sciences, Business Economics, Business Management, Computer Science, Development Studies, Economics, Economics and Politics, Engineering, English, Finance, History, Information Studies, International Relations, Journalism, Operations Research, Philosophy, Political Science, Public Administration, Public and International Affairs, Quantitative Economics, Social Studies, Social Work, Sociology, Spanish and German, and Urban and Regional Studies. The normal requirement for admission is the equivalent of at least a high 2.1 degree in the British university system (CPGA 3.7 out of 4.0 in the U.S. system). Account may be taken of other relevant qualifications and experience. Applicants must include in their application package a separate statement of intent (one side of A4 paper is sufficient) explaining why they wish to take this course and how it fits into their long-term career plans, in addition to completing sections A12, A14 and A15 of the GRADSAF form. Applicants should not be concerned about any overlap between their statement of intent and sections A12, A14 and A15. Applications When an application is submitted, Student Registry will set up a self-service account for each applicant. Applicants will receive emails which a contain userID and how to log on to self-service. Applicants who apply on paper will receive these details by post. Applicants will be able to upload to documents to support their applications to maintain their personal details in self-service. There are also links to useful information elsewhere on the university’s website. Graduate Applicant Self service (GSS) allows you to:

• Maintain your personal data (your contact details) • Track the progress of your application(s) • Review information of instructions sent to you • Upload documents that support your application, such as transcripts, financial

information, language test results and so on • Withdraw from your offer or ask for a deferral

There are two stages to the application process:

• Pre-decision – during which you will be told which documents you need to send to provide the evidence needed to assess your application.

• Post-offer – during which you will be able to accept your offer, print a certificate of offer, and to send the evidence that you have met the conditions of

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your offer. If you meet the conditions of your offer you will also be able to print a certificate of admission.

Application timetable The closing date for applications for the MPhil commencing in October 2013 is 20th February 2013. If you are a citizen of, and usually resident in, the United States of America, and you wish to apply for a Gates Cambridge Scholarship, both your MPhil application and your scholarship application must reach the Board of Graduate Studies by 15 October, 2012. If you are a citizen or resident of the EU or any other country and you wish to apply for a Gates Cambridge Trust Scholarship, your application must reach the Board of Graduate Studies no later than 2 December, 2012. More information about Cambridge Trust deadlines is available in the Graduate Studies Prospectus (www.admin.cam.ac.uk/offices/gradstud/funding/scholarships/). PhD Admission requirements

• A high 2.1 undergraduate degree from a UK university or equivalent/GPA of at least 3.8 out of 4.0 or equivalent from a non-UK University

• A Master’s Degree in a relevant subject, with a high 2.1 or a GPA of at least 3.8 out of 2.0 or equivalent from a non-UK University

• Two academic references.

• A personal reference (if you wish to be considered for funding from the Cambridge Trusts. Please note there is an earlier deadline for applicants apply for funding)

• Full transcripts of your academic record at university, both undergraduate and Master’s.

• Research proposal. An outline (three or four pages) of the proposed research topic, indicating: the background and aims of the research and the methodology and data to be applied (if relevant). This is in addition to information provided on the application form.

• Writing sample (not more than 5,000 words)

• If your first language is not English or the instruction at your university was not in English, then you must take a language proficiency test. For IELTS we require an overall score of 7.5 with no element below 7; for a TOEFL, paper based test, a score of 637 and at least 5.5 in the test of written English; for a TOEFL internet based test, a score of 110 with no element below 25.

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How to apply 31 March (October start); 30 September (January start); 31 December (April start). Please note that Development Studies prefers applications for an October start, and may not offer a student a place for January or April start unless there is a good reason. Applications must be submitted through the general Cambridge postgraduate application procedure, administered by the Board of Graduate Studies. Do not apply directly to Development Studies. Applicants need to identify a potential supervisor and secure her or his commitment to supervising the PhD project before making a formal application. Full details of the application process and application forms can be found at the Student Registry website, http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/offices/gradstud/admissions/.

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Colleges Cambridge colleges are not associated with particular academic disciplines. Furthermore, all teaching for graduate students is provided by the department or faculty, not by the college. You are therefore free to apply to any college you choose. When you are choosing your college, you may like to think about the following questions: Would I prefer an all-graduate college or an undergraduate college with graduate students? How likely is it that the colleges I am considering will be able to provide me with living accommodation? Do the colleges I am considering have large international communities? Are these colleges able to offer travel or other grants? (For women applicants) Would I prefer a women-only college or a mixed college? The Graduate Studies Prospectus contains much useful information about the colleges, and each college also has its own website. English language proficiency test requirements IELTS minimum overall score of 7.5 with 7.0 in each element.

When the IELTS test is not available you make take the Princeton TOEFL test. If you do this, you must take the Test of Written English at the same time. The University's institution code is 0908.

Minimum requirement: 637 in the paper-based TOEFL test with 5.5 in the Test of Written English; or TOEFL internet-based Test (iBT) minimum requirement: overall score of 110 with no less than 25 in each of the four elements.

You must achieve the minimum requirements in the same sitting and no more than two years before the start of your course. Frequently asked questions (FAQs) Q1. Do I need to send GRE scores with my application? A. Development Studies Admissions Committee does not require GRE scores. Q2. Do I need to send a sample of my written work? A. Development Studies Admissions Committee does not require samples of written work. Q3. Can I defer my application to the following year? A. It is not possible to defer applications. You will need to re-apply for the following year.

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Fees Please see the information about fees in the Graduate Studies Prospectus. The MPhil in Development Studies is classified as a nine-month Arts course. Funding Information about Cambridge Trust awards (Gates Cambridge, Commonwealth, Overseas, and European Trusts) is provided in the Graduate Studies Prospectus. The GRADSAF form applies to all Cambridge Trust scholarships. The Trust will decide for which scholarships you are eligible. If you are a citizen of the United States of America and you wish to apply for a Gates Cambridge Scholarship, your GRADSAF form must reach the Board of Graduate Studies by 15 October. More information about Cambridge Trust deadlines is available in the Graduate Studies Prospectus. For information about sources of funding other than the Cambridge Trust, please go to the British Council website or to your local British Council office. Continuing to a PhD Candidates who achieve a good pass in the MPhil may apply to read for a PhD in Development Studies or elsewhere in the University. In recent years Development Studies students have been accepted as PhD students by the Faculties of Education, Social and Political Sciences, and History, by the Departments of Social Anthropology, Geography, and Land Economy, by the Centre of International Studies, and by the Judge Business School. Further enquiries should be addressed to: The Administrator Centre of Development Studies Alison Richard Building 7 West Road Cambridge CB3 9DT Telephone: +44 (0)1223 337158 Email: devstudies-adm@lists.cam.ac.uk