thWw as‰mcp tIcfwImsºbv≥ ssI]p-kvXIw I

tIcf imkvX-km-lnXy ]cn-jØv

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thWw as‰mcp tIcfw

Bap-JwimkvX-km-ln-Xy-]-cn-j-Øns‚ BZysØ Hcp hymg-h-´-°mew hnI-

k-\-hp-ambn t\cn´v _‘-s∏´ ]h¿Ø-\-ß-sfm∂pw Gs‰-Sp-Øn´n-s√∂pImWmw. imkvX hn⁄m\ ]Nm-c -W-Øn\pw imkvX-t_m[whf¿Øp∂ ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-ep-am-bn-cp∂p A∂v Du∂¬.

imkvX-Øns‚ hf¿® D¬]m-Z\ ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-ambn At`-Zy-ambn_‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p F∂Xpw imkvX kmt¶-XnI hnZy-I-fpsS ]tbmKwkaq-l-Ønse F√mh¿°pw Htc t]mse KpWw sNøp-∂n-√ F∂ Xncn-®-dn-hpw DXv]m-Z-\-ta-J-e-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´ ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-te¿s∏-Sm≥]cn-j-Øns\ \n¿_-‘n-®p. imkvX kmt¶-XnI hnZy-I-fpsS ]tbmKwGsdt∏sc tZmj-I-c-ambn _m[n-°p-∂-Xn\v ImcWw \oXn-]q¿∆-a-√mØkmº-ØnI kmaq-lnI kml-N-cy-ß-fmWv. imkvX-tØbpw imkvX-t_m-[-tØbpw kmam\y P\-ß-fn-se-Øn-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS Ahsc hna¿i-\m-fl-I-X-bpsS Bbp-[-a-Wn-bn-°m\pw AXp-hgn \oXn-]q¿∆-a-√mØ kaq-lsØ am‰n adn-°p-∂-Xn¬ icn-bmb Zni-bn¬ CS-s]Sm\pw Ign-bp-sa∂[mc-W-bn-te°v ]cn-jØv hf-cp-I-bmWv D≠m-b-Xv. imkvX-Øns‚kaql _‘-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Cu ho£Whpw AXns‚ XpS¿®-bmbimkvXw kmaqly hnπ-h-Øn\v F∂ apZm-hm-Iyhpw ka-K-amb hnI-k\ ImgvN-∏m-Sn-te°v ]cn-j-Øns\ XpS¿∂p \bn-°p-∂-Xmbn ImWmw.imkvX kmt¶-XnI hnZy-I-fpsS t\´-߃ B¿°mWv e`n-°p-∂Xv?hnI-k\w B¿°p th≠n? XpS-ßnb hna¿i-\m-flI At\z-j-W-ß-fp-tSbpw Kma imkvX kan-Xn-Iƒ XpSßn km£-c-X, hntI-µo-Ir-Xm-kq-XWw hsc-bp≈ \n¿Ωm-Wm-fl-I-amb At\z-j-W-ß-fp-tSbpw Hcp-a-bn-eq-sS-bmWv ]cn-j-Øns‚ hnI-k\ ImgvN-∏mSv cq]-s∏´v hnI-kn-®-Xv. hnI-k\ ImgvN-∏m-Sns‚ ]Sn-]-Sn-bm-bp≈ hf¿®-bpsS XpS¿®bmbmWv"thWw as‰mcp tIcfw' F∂ hn]peamb Iymsº-bv\n-te°v \mw FØn-t®¿∂n-´p-≈-Xv. kn≤m-¥hpw ]tbm-Khpw CS-I-e¿∂ Cu hf¿®-bpsS]S-hp-Isf H∂p Xncn™p t\m°p-∂Xv Znim-t_m[w h¿[n-∏n-°pw.

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kaq-l-Øn¬ imkvX-t_m[w hf¿Ø-W-sa-¶n¬ P\-Po-hn-X-hp-ambn_‘-s∏´ ]mtbm-KnI ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ imkvX-Øns‚ CS-s]-S¬h¿[n∏nt® ]‰q F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p ]cn-j-Øns‚ BZy ]h¿ØIIymºns‚ Hcp \nK-a\w (]o®n 1975). C°mcyw ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈thZn-I-fm-bmWv Kma-im-kvX-k-anXn F∂ Bibw Db¿∂p -h-∂-Xv.1975¬ Bcw-`n® kan-Xn-Iƒ 1979 Bb-t∏m-tg°pw 800 Hmf-am-bn.

Kma-im-kvX-k-an-Xn-Iƒ Kma-X-e- B-kq-X-W-k-an-Xn-I-fmbn amd-W-sa∂pw Kma-Xe DXv]m-Z-\-]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ Ahbv°v CS-s]-Sm-\m-h-W-sa-∂p-am-bn-cp∂p hn`m-h\w sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xv. D¬]m-Z\ taJ-e-bn¬ \n∂p\nc-h[n I¿j-I-scbpw sXmgn-em-fn-I-sfbpw BI¿jn-°m≥ Ign-s™-¶nepw kan-Xn-Iƒ ]n∂oSv ]cn-jØv bqWn-‰p-Iƒ Bbn cq]m-¥-c-s∏-´p.

Kma-im-kvX-k-an-Xn-I-fpsS cq]o-I-c-W-tØm-sS-bmWv hnI-k\w F¥v?F∂ N¿® Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xv. Aßs\ hnI-k-\-sa-∂m¬ kmº-ØnIhf¿® amX-a-s√∂pw kº-Øns‚ icn-bmb hnX-c-Whpw hnI-kn-Xm-h-ÿ-bpsS XpS¿\n-e-\n¬]pw D¬]m-Z-\-Øn-se BkqXn-X-kz-`m-hhpw P\-]-¶m-fn-Ø-hp-sams° AXns‚ A\n-hmcy LS-I-ß-fp-am-sW∂ \nK-a-\-Ønepw \mw FØn-t®¿∂p. CtXmsS AXp-hsc \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ ]ehnI-k-\-k-¶¬]-ß-sfbpw hna¿i-\-]-c-ambn hne-bn-cp-Øm\pw Ah Xncp-Øp-∂-Xn-ep≈ t_m[-h¬°-c-W-Ønepw ]cn-jØv CS-s]-´p. CtXm-sSm∏w Xs∂ ]pXn-sbmcp hnI-k\ ]mX Is≠-Øp∂Xn\p≈ At\z-j-Whpw ]cn-jØv Bcw-`n-®p.

1976-˛¬ "tIc-f-Øns‚ kºØv' F∂ KŸw Aß-s\-bmWv cq]-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Cu KŸw aptºm-´p-sh® a\pjy tIµnX kao-]-\hpwhkvXp-\n-jvT-amb ]iv\-hn-i-I-e-\hpw hn`-h-hn-\n-tbm-K-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈bp‡-amb \n¿tZ-i-ßfpw B¿°pw Ah-K-Wn-°m≥ hsø-∂m-bn. ]cn-jØv tIc-f-k-aq-l-Øn-\p-ap-ºn¬ ka¿∏n® BZy hnI-k\ ]cn-t]-£y-am-bn-cp∂p "tIc-f-Øns‚ kº-Øv.''

\ΩpsS hnI-k\ ImgvN-∏m-Sns‚ am‰p-c-bv°p-hm-\p≈ Ah-k-c-ambn1977-˛78 ImesØ "sske‚ v hmen hnhmZw' hf¿∂p. h\ kwc-£W]iv\-am-bn-´mWv "sske‚ v hmen' Db¿∂p h∂-sX-¶nepw ]cn-ÿnXnkw_-‘n® Kuch-am¿∂ N¿®-I-fn-te°pw Du¿÷-cw-KsØ _Z-ep-Isf°pdn-®p≈ At\zjWØnte°pw amX-a√ ka-K-amb hnI-k\\ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ hym]-I-ambn N¿® sNøp-∂-Xn-te°p hsc "sske‚ vhmen' ]cn-j-Øn-t\bpw tIc-f-tØbpw \bn-®p. hnI-k-\-Øns‚ kaKkao-]\w hnI-kn-∏n-°p-∂-Xnepw ]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xnepw Cu -hn-hmZw \ap°vAh-k-c-sam-cp-°n. ]n∂oSv 1988˛¬ F´mw-]-≤Xn N¿®-s°m-cm-apJw F∂KŸw Cu ]cn-t]-£ysØ H∂p IqSn aq¿Ø-am-°n.

hnI-k\ cwKØv DNn-X-amb _Z-ep-Iƒ \n¿tZ-in-°pI F∂ IS-a-bmWv Kth-jW ]h¿Ø-\-߃ Gs‰-Sp-°p-hm≥ ]cn-j-Øns\ \n¿_-

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‘n-®-Xv. 1983¬ sa®-s∏´ hnd-I-Sp-∏p-Iƒ cq]-I¬]\ sNbvX-Xp- apX¬CXp-hsc ]cn-jØv sNbvXXpw IRTC hgn \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-amb F√m ]≤-Xn-Ifpw CØ-c-Øn¬ Hmtcm taJ-e-bnepw _Z¬ hnI-k-\-am-Xr-I-Iƒ hnI-kn-∏n-°p-∂-Xns‚ `mK-am-Wv.

hnI-k-\-Øns‚ ap≥ D]m-[n-bmbn P\-]-¶m-fn-ØsØ \mw ImWp-∂p. 82˛83 ¬ \S-Ønb Kma-im-kvX-Pm-Y-bn-eqsS Cu ImgvN-]mSv \mw]N-cn-∏n-°p-hm≥ XpS-ßn. hnI-k\w P\-Io-b-am-I-W-sa-¶n¬ A[n-Im-c-hn-tI-µo-I-cWw A\n-hm-cy-am-sW∂p IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X¬ t_m[y-s∏-´p-h-cn-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. 1989se hnI-k\ PmYIƒ ]cn-jØv Ncn-X-ØnseG‰hpw hn]p-e-amb P\-k-º¿° ]cn-]m-Sn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Kma-hn-I-k\]iv\-߃ apJy-hn-j-b-am-bp≈ Iem-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ, Kma-]m¿e-sa‚p-IƒF∂nh hnI-k\ PmY-bpsS kw`m-h-\-I-fm-Wv.

1989¬ Fd-Wm-Ipfw km£-cXm ]cn-]m-Sn-tbmsS Kma-Xe ]h¿Ø-\-߃ k¶p-Nn-Xa-amb I£ncmjvSo-b-Øn-\-Xo-X-ambn hnP-bn-∏n-°p-∂-Xnse ]pØ≥ km[y-X-Iƒ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn. Cu km[yXIsf-°qSn]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØn ]mtZ-in-Im-kq-X-W-Øn\v Hcp ]mtbm-KnI amXrIcq]-s∏-Sp-ØpI F∂ ]iv\hpw tN¿∂-t∏m-gmWv ]©m-bØv hn`h`q]-S-]-≤-Xn°v XpS-°-am-Ip-∂-Xv. hnI-k\ PmY-bpsS A\p-_-‘-ambn ae-∏pdw Pn√-bnse hmg-bq¿ ]©m-b-Øn¬ \S∂ Pe-tkm-X- p-I-fpsS`q]-S-Øn¬ \n∂mWp ]©m-bØv hn`h `q]Sw F∂ Bibw Dcp-Øn-cn-™-Xv. CESS, `qhn-\n-tbmK t_m¿Uv F∂n-h-bnse hnZ-Kv[-cp-ambntN¿∂p cq]w sImSpØ ]©m-bØv hn`h `q]Sw C∂p AJn-te-¥ym-Xew hsc ]k-‡-amb Hcp ]cn-]m-Sn-bmbn hnI-kn-®p-I-gn-™p.

XpS¿∂p Ieym-t»cn hnI-k\ Bkq-XW ]cn-]m-Sn, P\-Io-bm-kq-XWw XpS-ßn-b-h-bn¬ imkvX-km-ln-Xy-]-cn-j-Øns‚ Inbm-fl-I-ambCS-s]-S-ep-Ifpw Bbn-c-°-W-°n\p ]h¿Ø-I-cpsS Bflm¿Y-amb]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw Ncn-X-Øns‚ `mK-am-Wv.

2004 se "tIc-f-]-T\w', "tIc-f-hn-I-k\w B¿°p-th≠n' Imº-bn≥,Iøq-cn¬ h®p \S∂ ]cn-j-Øns‚ kwÿm\ hm¿jnIw AwKo-I-cn®DXv]m-Z-\m-[n-jvTnX hnI-k\ ImgvN-∏mSv, tIc-fsØ Adn-bp-I, tIc-fsØ am‰pI F∂ ]T\ ]cn-]mSn XpS¿∂v \S∂ Xriq¿ hm¿jn-I-Øns‚ "]pXn-sbmcp tIc-f-Øn-\mbn t]mcm-SpI' F∂ ktΩ-f\ ]Jym-]\w ASpØ h¿jsØ `qan s]mXp kzØv Iymº-bn≥ XpS-ßn-bhhnI-k\ ImgvN-∏m-Sns‚ XpS¿®bpw ka-K-hp-amb hf¿®bmbn-cp-∂p.

CtXm-sSm∏w Ign™ 3˛4 ]Xn-‰m-≠p-I-fmbn ]cn-ÿn-Xn, hnZym-`ym-kw, BtcmKyw P‚¿, Du¿Pw XpS-ßnb taJ-e-I-fn¬ \nc-¥-c-ambn]cn-jØv \S-Ønb CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ hnI-k\ ImgvN-∏m-Sn\p aq¿®bpwBghpw ]k‡nbpw h¿[n-∏n-°p∂h-bmWv.

CXbpw kqNn-∏n-®Xv ]cn-jØv Ign™ \mep-]-Xn-‰m-≠mbn sNbvXp

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hcp∂ hnI-k\ CS-s]-S-ep-I-fpsS XpS¿®bpw hnIm-khpw hy‡-am-°m-\mWv. C∂p tIcfw t\cn-Sp∂ ]iv\-ßsf hne-bn-cp-Øm\pw ]pXn-sbmcptIcfw sI´n-∏-Sp-°p-hm\pw imkvX-km-lnXy ]cn-jØv Bflm¿Y-ambnBK-ln-°p-∂-Xns‚ Ncn-X-]-c-amb kmwKXyw hni-Z-am-°m-\m-Wv.

Xncn™v t\m°p-∂Xv apt∂m´p t]m°n\v Du¿Phpw KXn-th-KhpwIq´m-\m-Wv. ]n∂n-´-Xn-t\-°mƒ Zp¿LSw ]nSn® hgn-I-fmWv \S∂p I-b-dm-\p-≈-Xv.

\mfsØ tIc-f-sØ-°p-dn®v P\-Io-b-sa∂v ]d-bm-\m-ImØ Hcp A`n-]mb ka-hmbw cq]-s∏´p hcp-∂p-≠v. Cu kahmbw Db¿∂ hf¿®m-\n-c-°nepw ]›m-Øe kuI-cy-ß-fpsS ZpX-K-Xn-bn-ep≈ hf¿®-bnepwa‰pw IpSp-ßn-°n-S-°p-I-bm-Wv. sF Sn, _n Sn, F≥ Sn t]mep≈ AXym-[p-\nI kmt¶-XnI hnZy-I-fnepw ]hmkn \nt£-]-ß-fnepw Cu kao-]\w Aan-X-ambn Du∂p∂p. tIc-f-Øns‚ a\p-jy-ti-jnsb BtKmfsXmgn¬ hn]-Wn-bn-te°v XpS¿®-bmbn Ib‰nbb®v c£-s∏-Sm-sa∂v Icp-Xp-∂p. kwL-SnX ]h¿Ø-\-߃°v sa\-s°-SmsX hy‡n-]-c-ambn c£-s∏-Sm-sa∂ taml-Nn¥ hf-cp-∂p. s]s´∂v em`w krjvSn-°m-\p≈ hgn-Iƒ tXSp-∂-h-cpsS FÆw s]cp-Ip-∂p. ]Ir-Xn-bpsS taep≈ IS-∂m-I-a-W-߃ s]cp-Ip-∂p. kmwkv°m-cn-I-amb thcp-Iƒ Zp¿_-e-am-Ip-∂p.ae-bmfw A]-am-\n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn¬ sX‰n-s√∂v hcp-∂p. Ak-aXzw s]cp-Ip-tºmgpw AXn\v Imc-W-amb em`m-[n-jvTnX kaq-l-Øns‚ bp‡n-tbm-Sp≈ BZ-chv IqSn hcp-∂p.

Zqc-°mgvN Ipd-bp∂, taml-Nn¥ s]cp-Ip∂, kmaqlyamb ip`m]vXnhnizmkw Ipd-bp∂ imkvX-t_m-[hpw bp‡n-Nn-¥bpw sh√p-hn-fn- t\-cn-Sp∂ Hcp ImeØv "thWw as‰mcp tIcfw' "as‰mcp tIc-f-Øn-\mbnt]mcm-SpI' F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv Ffp-∏-a√ F∂-dn™p sIm≠p Xs∂\ap°v ]d-tb-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. icn-bpsS i_vZ-߃ XpS-°-Øn¬ FXt\¿Ø-Xm-bn-cp-∂mepw Ah Cu´w IqSn I\-Ø-Xmbn XocpI Xs∂sNøpw. a\pjy`mhn-bn-ep≈ hnizmkw ˛ Ncn-X-]-c-amb ip`m]vXnhnizmkw AXmWv \tΩmSv ]d-bp-∂-Xv. `qan s]mXpkzØv F∂ apZm-hm-Iy-Øn\v hgnsb e`n® Db¿∂ kzoIm-cyX it≤-b-am-Wv.

c≠p h¿jw \o≠p \n¬°p∂ sshhn-[y-]q¿Whpw hn]p-e-hp-ambCu Iymº-bn≥ hnP-bn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v henb Af-hn-ep≈ P\-Iob Iq´m-bva-Iƒ krjvSn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. kmaq-ly-˛-cm-jvSo-b-˛-kmw-kv°m-cnI kwL-S-\-I-fpsS ]n¥pW B¿Pn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. AtXm-sSm∏w AºXmw hm¿jn-I-Øn-te°v IS-°p∂ ]cn-jØv kwL-S-\sb KW-Ønepw KpW-Ønepwi‡n-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ Hc-h-k-c-am-bn-°qSn Cu Iymsº-bns\ \mw ImtW-≠-Xp-≠v.

*************

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Hcp cmPy-Øns‚ D¬]m-Z\ h¿≤-\-hn‚bpw hcp-am\ h¿≤-\-hn-s‚bpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ BWv B cmPyw hnI-kn®v sIm≠n-cn-°p-I-bmtWm, apc-Sn®p sIm≠n-cn-°p-I-bmtWm F∂v kmº-ØnI hnZ-Kv[¿ s]mXpsh hne-bn-cp-Øp-I. B \ne°v t\m°p-tºmƒ tIcfw i‡-ambn hnI-kn®v sIm≠n-cn-°-bm-Wv. 10.5% \nc-°n¬ tIcfw hnI-kn®vsIm≠n-cn-°p-∂p. samØw kºØv D¬]m-Z-\-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn-em-bmepwhntZ-iØv \n∂v tIc-f-Øn-te°v hcp∂ ]W-Øns‚ Af-hns‚ Imcy-Øn-em-bmepw \Ωƒ hf-cp-I-bm-Wv. tIc-f-Ønepw [mcmfw iXtImSo-iz-c-∑m¿ D≠v F∂mWv ]X-ß-fneqsSbpw a‰pw a\- n-em-Ip-∂-Xv. ]s£Cu kºØv D¬]m-Z-\-Øn¬ 12% amX-amWv Irjn, h\w, a’yw, J\\wF∂nh Dƒs∏-Sp∂ ]mY-anI taJ-e-bpsS kw`m-h\. hyh-km-bw,Du¿Pw, sI´n-S-\n¿ΩmWw F∂nh Dƒs°m-≈p∂ ZznXob taJ-e-bpsSkw`m-h\ 21.71% amWv. _m°n-h-cp∂ 66.28% KXm-K-Xw, hym]m-cw, dnb-se-tÃ-‰v, _m¶v, C≥jqd≥kv XpS-ßnb tkh\ taJ-e-bn¬ \n∂vBWv. CXn¬ ]mY-anI taJ-e-bpsS hf¿®m \nc°v icm-icn 1% BWv.Cu Hcp iX-am-\-Øn¬ J\\ D¬]m-Z\w amXamWv ][m-\-ambpwhf-cp-∂-Xv. Cu taJ-e-bpsS amXw h¿Zv[-\hv 15% hcpw. CtX-t]msetkh\ taJ-e-bn¬ hnI-k\ \nc°v G‰hpw Db¿∂v \n¬°p-∂-XvKXm-K-Xw, IΩyq-Wn-t°-j≥, dnb¬ Fkvt‰‰v, _m¶v F∂o taJ-e-Ifn¬ BWv. icm-icn 20% \nc-°n¬ CXv h¿≤n-°p-∂p-≠v. C∏-d-™-sXms° HutZym-KnI IW-°p-IfmWv. CtXm-sSm∏w Hcp kam-¥ckºZv hyh-ÿbpw i‡-ambn \ΩpsS \m´n¬ \ne-\n¬°p-∂p≠vF∂v Gh¿°pw Adn-bmw. 50,000 tImSn cq]-tbmfw hntZ-iØv \n∂pw\ΩpsS \m´nte°v F√m-h¿jhpw FØn-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. Aßns\BsI t\m°n-bm¬ Hcp kº-∂-X-bpsS sImgp∏v Fhn-sSbpw Zriy-am-Wv. Db¿∂v hcp∂ henb sI´n-S-߃, tjm∏nMv amfp-Iƒ, tdmUp-Iƒ\n›eam°p∂ coXn-bn¬ hnhn[ hen-∏-Øn-ep≈ Imdp-I-fpsS FÆ-s∏-cp-∏w, sIm´mc kam-\-amb hoSp-Iƒ, IpSn®v kpJn-°p-∂-Xn-\v Kma˛\Kc t`Z-at\y Ãm¿ tlm´-ep-Iƒ, kº-∂¿°v th≠n-bp≈ Ãm¿kvIqfp-Iƒ, Ãm¿ tImtf-Pp-Iƒ, Ãm¿ tlmkv]n-‰-ep-Iƒ, I¨sh≥j≥sk‚-dp-Iƒ, F¥pw hmßp∂ D]-t`mK`m¥v ]nSn® Hcp Iq´w P\-߃. ]s£ CXns‚ samØw Ah-Im-in-Iƒ 50 iX-am-\ta hcqF∂mWv tIcf ]T-\-Øn-eqsS \Ωƒ Is≠-Øn-bXv.

AXm-bXv Ct∏mƒ \ΩpsS \m´n¬ D≠m-bn-s°m-≠n-cn°p∂hnI-k-\-Øn\v Nne ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ Ds≠-∂¿∞w.

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1. hnI-k\w D¬]m-Z-\m-[n -jvTn -X-a -√. I¿jnI taJ-e-bp-sSbpwhymhkmbnI taJ-e-bp-sSbpw hf¿®m \nc°v \ma-am-X-am-Wv. J\-\w, dnb¬ FtÃ-‰v, KXm-K-Xw, hm¿Øm-hn-\n-abw F∂o cwK-ß-fn¬ BWv IqSp-Xembn hf¿®m \nc°v tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xv.CXv \ΩpsS kpÿnc hnI-k-\-Øn\v KpW-I-c-am-In-√.

2. i‡-am-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ kam-¥c kº-Zvhy-hÿ Hcp Xc-Øn-ep≈am nbm h¬°-c-W-hpw, Inan-\-en-khpw hf¿Øp-∂p. AXm-bXv kaq-l-Øn¬ D≠m-hp∂ an® ]Ww Nm\-ssekv sNbvXv t]mIp-∂Xv s]´∂v]Ww D≠m-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ dnb-se-tÉv taJ-e-bn-te-°m-Wv.

3. `cW IqS-Øn\v C∂ taJ-e-bn¬ D¬]m-Z\ h¿≤-\hv D≠m-IWwF∂ \btam, Nne taJ-e-I-fn¬ \nb-¥W-߃ thWw F∂ \n_-‘-\tbm \n¿_-‘tam C√m-ØXp aqew Xmc-X-tay\ em` kml-N-cy-ap-ff tkh\ taJ-e-bn¬ \nt£]w h¿≤n-°p-∂p.

4. CXv aqew hnZym-`ym-kw, BtcmKyw XpS-ßnb taJ-e-Iƒ \nt£]kulrZ taJ-e-I-fmbn I®-h-S-h¬°-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.

5. tIc-f-Øn¬ C∂v ]m¿∏n-Shpw Hcp \nt£] taJ-e-bmbn sIm≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. qan hmßn ]n∂oSv hn‰v em`w D≠m°mw F∂ t]mseXs∂. hoSpw hn¬°m≥ th≠n hmßn-Iq´p-∂p.

6. D¬]m-Z\ D]m-[n-Iƒ Hs∂m-∂mbn Dul I®-hS D]m-[n-Iƒ B°p-∂p. CXp-aqew ta¬kq-Nn-∏n® 50% t]¿ Zmcn-Z-Øn¬ \n∂v Zmcn-Zy-Øn-te°v Iq∏v IpØp∂p. Ah¿°v hoSv, hnZym-`ym-kw, BtcmKywF∂nh FØn-∏n-Sn-°m≥ Ign-bmØXmbn amdp-∂p.

tIc-f-Øns‚ hnI-k-\-sØ-°p-dn®v Ct∏mƒ i‡n-s∏-´p-h-cp∂Hcp [mc-W-bp≠v. k¿hokv hyh-km-b-߃, sFSn, _tbm-sS-Ivt\m-f-Pn, \mt\m-sS-Ivt\m-fPn XpS-ßn-b-h-bn¬ Du∂p-Ibpw ]hmkn \nt£-]-ß-sf ]c-am-h[n ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂ X¥-amWv CXn-\Snÿm\w. F∂m¬ a\p-jy-i‡n hnIm-k-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn-¬ A`n-]mb `n∂-X-bp≠v. BtKmf-sXm-gn¬ hn]-Wnsb e£y-am°n a\p-jy-i‡n hnImkw \S-Ø-W-sa∂pw Ahsc km[y-amb CS-ß-fn-te°vF√m-h-scbpw Ib‰n Ab-bv°-W-sa∂pw Hcp Iq´¿ hmZn-°p-∂p. adphn`mKw AXns\ FXn¿°p-∂n-√. tIc-f-Øn¬ ]Wn-sb-Sp-°p-∂-h¿°vsXmgn¬ `Z-Xbpw t£ahpw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Ø-W-sa-∂mWv Ah-cpsS hmZw.AXn-\m-h-iy-amb t£a]-≤-Xn-Iƒ Ah¿ \S-∏n-em-°p-∂p.

Cu hmZ-߃°v Xmsg ]dbp∂ ]cn-an-Xn-Ifp≠v.

]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ

1. sXmgn¬ `ZX C√m-Xm-Ipw. Imjy-sse-tk-j\pw hnhn-[-X-c-Øn-

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ep≈ tNhpIv (sIz-t´-j≥) ]Wn-Ifpw h¿[n-°pw. Z√mƒ tPmen-I-fpsS am\yX h≥tXm-Xn¬ h¿[n-°pw.

2. Iqe-nthe hym]-I-am-Ipw. am\y-amb hcp-am-\-ap-≠m-°p∂ hn`m-K-ßfpw ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn Iqen-∏-Wn-°m-cm-Ipw. sXmgn¬ \nb-a-߃ ItaW A]k‡-am-Ipw.

3. Pohn-X-Øns‚ A\n-›n-Xm-hÿ h¿[n-°pw. AXv G‰hpw Ipd™Ime-b-f-hn¬ G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ hcp-am-\-ap-≠m-°p-∂-Xn-\p-≈-]-h-WX i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øpw. Inan-\¬ ]h¿Ø-\-߃°v B°w Iq´pw.

4. kwL-SnX ]h¿Ø-\-߃°p ]Icw hy‡n-K-X-]-h¿Ø-\-߃°p Xm¬]cyw h¿[n-°pw. hy‡n-KXamb InS-a-’-c-ßfpw ]I-t]m-°-ep-Ifpw hym]-I-am-Ipw.

5. \K-c-h¬°-cWw i‡n-s∏-Spw. \K-c-ßfpw Kma-ßfpw XΩn-ep≈A¥cw h¿[n-°pw.

6. Bt]-£nI Zcn-Z-h¬°-cWw h¿[n-°pw. [\n-Icpw Zcn-Zcpw XΩn-ep≈ A¥-chpw h¿[n-°pw.

7. ]mcn-ÿn-XnI XI¿® h≥tXm-Xn¬ h¿[n-°pw. ]mgv\n-e-ßfpw]mgvhkvXp-°fpw Ipan-™p-Iq-Spw. kpJ-t`m-K-ß-fn-ep≈ Bk‡n\nanØw ]mgvs®-e-hp-Ifpw h≥tXm-Xn¬ h¿[n-°pw.

8. ae-bmfn kwkvImcw XI-cpw. Hcn-SØpw thcp-I-fn-√mØ k¶c(ssl-_nUv) kwkvImcw hf¿∂p-h-cpw.

9. am\-kn-Ihpw imco-cn-I-hp-amb tcmKm-Xp-cX h≥tXm-Xn¬ h¿[n-°pw.

Cu ]cn-an-Xn-I-sf√mw Ct∏mƒ Xs∂ ]I-S-am-Wv. AXns‚ ^e-ambn D≠m-Ip∂ kwL¿j-߃ hnI-k-\sØ \ntj-[m-fl-I-ambn_m[n-°pw.

CXp-sIm-≠p-≠m-Ip∂ apc-Sn∏pw XI¿®bpw XS-bpI icn-bmb Zni-bn-ep≈ hnI-k-\-Øn\v AXym-h-iy-am-Wv.

icn-bmb Zni-bn-ep≈ hnI-k\w F∂m¬ F¥mWv?

hf¿®m-\n-c-°p-I-fnepw ]›m-Ø-e-ku-I-cy-ß-fn-ep-w amX-ap≈ hnI-k\w bYm¿∞ hnI-k-\-a√. hf¿®m-\n-c-°p-Iƒ Hcp kaq-l-Øns‚]Xn-io¿j-h-cp-am-\sØ Bkv]-Z-am-°n-bmWv IW-°p-Iq-´p-∂-Xv. ]›m-Øe kuI-cy-߃ ]Xn-io¿j-h-cp-am-\-Øns‚ hf¿® Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp∂Du¿Pw, KXm-K-Xw, hn`-h-k-am-l-cWw XpS-ßn-b cq]-ß-fpsS hnIm-k-am-Wv. CXp c≠nepw kaq-l-`n-∂-X-Ifpw kaq-l-\oXn-bpsS ]iv\-ß-fpw, hn`-h-ß-fp-sSbpw A[zm-\-Øn-s‚bpw taep≈ kmaq-lym-h-Im-i-ßfpw IW-°n-se-Sp-°p-∂n-√. Ch IW-°n-se-SpØp sIm≠p≈ hnI-

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k-\-Øn\p amXta ta¬ kqNn-∏n® ]cn-an-Xn-Isf adn-I-S-°m≥ Ign-bq.

AØ-c-Øn-ep≈ hnI-k\w

kmaq-ly-amWv: hy‡n-I-fp-sSbpw tIm¿]-td‰v Kq∏p-I-fp-sSbpw hf¿®-sb-°mƒ kaq-l-Øns‚ ka-K-amb hnIm-k-Øn\v Du∂¬ \¬Ip-∂p.

D¬]m-Z-\m-[n-jvTn-X-amW v: em`m-[n-jvTn-X-amb hcp-am-\-sØ-°mƒa\p-jy-cpsS A[zm\ i‡n-bpsS hnIm-k-Ønepw AX-\p-k-cn-®p≈hyXykvX D¬]m-Z\ taJ-e-I-fpsS hf¿®-bnepw Du∂¬ \¬Ip-∂p.

\oXn-bn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amW v : [\n-I-cpsS \°m-∏n® hgn-bm-bp≈"t£a'tØ°mƒ, kmaq-ly-kw-L¿j-ß-fnepw AXp-h-gn-bp-≠m-Ip∂Ah-Im-i-t_m-[-Ønepw \oXn k¶¬]-ß-fnepw Du∂¬ \¬Ip-∂p.

k¥p-en-X-amW v: a\p-jycpw ]Ir-Xnbpw XΩnepw a\p-jycpw a\p-jycpw XΩn-ep-ap≈ k¥p-en-X-amb _‘-ß-fn¬ Du∂p-Ibpw AXn-\mbn D¬]m-Z-\-Ønepw D]-t`m-K-Ønepw Bh-iy-amb Iao-I-c-W-߃G¿s]-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

Cu hnI-k-\-X-¥hpw \ne-hn¬ AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂ hnI-k-\-co-Xnbpw XΩn-ep≈ kmay-ßfpw `n∂-X-Ifpw Xmsg ]d-bp-∂p.

$ ta¬ ]d™ kao-]\w \ne-hn-ep≈ hnI-k-\-X-¥sØ ]msS A´n-a-dn-°p∂ Imev]-\n-I-Nn-¥m-K-Xn-b-√. \ne-hn-ep≈ kaq-l-Øn-\p-≈n¬\n∂p Xs∂ CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ Znim-am‰w km[y-am-sW∂p Icp-Xp-∂p.

$ em`m-[n-jvTn-X-amb kao-]\w \ne-\n¬°p-∂n-S-tØmfw Imew kmaq-ly-kw-L¿j-߃ A\n-hm-cy-amb H∂m-sW∂v Icp-Xp-∂p. [\n-IcpwZcn-Zcpw XΩn-epw A[o-i‡nIfpw ]pdw-¥-≈-s∏-´-hcpw XΩn-epap≈ kwL¿j-߃ \ne-\n¬°pw. Cu kwL¿j-ß-fpsS A¥-co-£-amWv ta¬kq-Nn-∏n® kao-]\w km[y-am-°p-∂-Xv.

$ \nt£-]-Øn-s‚bpw ]W-Øn-s‚bpw km[y-X-sb-°mƒ a\p-jy-i-‡n-bpsS hnIm-k-Øns‚ km[y-X-Iƒ°v Du∂¬ \¬Ip-∂p.\nt£-]hpw ]Whpw a\p-jym-[zm-\-Øns‚ D¬]-∂-ß-fm-sW∂vhmZn-°p-∂p.

$ hcp-am-\-Zm-b-I-amb sXmgn-en-ep≈ tIh-e-amb Du∂¬ em`m-[n-jvTn-X-hy-h-ÿ-tbm-Sp≈ ASn-b-dhp]d-®n-em-sW∂p Icp-Xp-∂p. hcp-am-\-tØm-sSm∏w Ah-Im-i-ßfpw kmaq-ly-amb DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xzhpw\oXn-t_m-[hpw h¿[n-°p∂ sXmgn¬L-S-\-bmWv Bh-iyw.

$ k¥p-en-Xamb hf¿® ka-K-amb kmaq-lym-kq-X-W-Øns‚ ^e-am-sW∂v Icp-Xp-∂p. Bkq-X-W-sa-∂m¬ em`m-[n-jvTnX hyh-ÿ-bpsS hnIm-k-Øn-\m-h-iy-amb kml-N-cy-ß-fpsS krjvSn-bm-sW∂C∂sØ k¶¬]w \ncm-I-cn-°p-∂p.

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$ tÉns‚ I¿Øhyw kwL¿j-ßsf ASn -® -a¿Øepw"t£a'Øns‚ hnX-c-W-hpa-√, \oXnbp‡hpw k¥p-en-X-hp-ambkaqlw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp∂ coXn-bn¬ D¬]m-Z\ D]-t`m-K-ß-fn-ep≈CS-s]-S-em-sW∂v Icp-Xp-∂p.

C∂sØ tIµ˛kwÿm\ Kh-s◊-≠p-Iƒ°pw Xt±-iob `c-W-Iq-S-߃°pw \oXn-\ym-b-hy-h-ÿ°pw BtKm-f-X-e-Øn¬ A[o-iXzwt\Snb em`m-[n-jvTnX hyh-ÿsb tNmZyw sNøm-\m-hn-√. ImX-embXe-ß-fn -se√mw Ah-cpsS hnt[-bXzw hy‡am-Wv. P\m-[n -]Xyk¶¬]-sa-∂Xv kz¥w Xm¬]-cy-a-\p-k-cn-®p≈ apZm-hm-Iy-ambn am‰m-\mWv [\n-I-hn-`m-K-Øns‚ \o°w. AXn-s\-Xn-cmbn P\m-[n-]-Xy-hy-hÿsb i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw AXns‚ kmaq-ly-amb DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-߃h¿[n-∏n-°m\pw Zcn-Z-]-£Øp \n¬°p-∂-h¿ _m[y-ÿ-cm-Wv.

P\m-[n-]-Xy-sa-∂m¬ as‰m-c¿Y-hp-a-≠v. hnt[-b-∑m-cp-sSbpw `‡-cp -sSbpw A©p -sIm√w IqS p - tºmƒ cq]w sIm≈p∂""thm´v_m¶v''Ifp-sSbpw kwL-a√ P\m-[n-]-Xyw. C∂p-\-S-°p∂k¶o¿W-amb kmaq-ly-cm-jvSob am‰-߃ ]q¿W-ambn Dƒs°m≠v,k¿Km-fl-I-ambpw Inbm-fl-I-ambpw ]Xn-I-cn-°p∂ Hcp P\-X-bpsSs]mXp afi-e-amWv P\m-[n-]-Xyw. AXn-\m-h-iy-amb hnh-c-ßfpw,⁄m\-cq-]-ßfpw kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-Ifpw Ah¿°v e`y-am-°-Ww. a\p-jym-[zm\ i‡n-bpsS imkvXo-bhpw kmt¶-Xn-I-hp-amb hf¿®bpwP\m -[n -] -Xy -Øns‚ hnIm -khpw XΩn¬ t\cn -´ p -_ -‘-ap -≠v .imkvXhn-cp≤ \ne-]m-Sp-I-fp-w aX-Øn-s‚bpw PmXn-bp-sSbpw t]cn¬P\-ßsf `n∂n-∏n-°p∂ i‡n-Iƒs°-Xn-sc-bp≈ hn´p-ho-gvN-bn-√mØka-chpw P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øns‚ hnIm-khpw XΩnepw _‘-ap-≠v. a\p-jy-cpsS A[zm-\-i-‡n-tbm-sSm∏w tNmZyw sNøm\pw ]Xn-I-cn-°m-\p-ap≈ Ignhpw hf¿ØpI F∂Xv ssPh-amb P\m-[n-]-Xy-]-In-bsb hf¿Øp-∂-Xn\v Bh-iy-am-Wv.

"knhn¬ kapl' ]ÿm-\-ß-fn-eq-sS-b√ P\m-[n-]Xy ]InbbpwA[zm-\-i-‡n-bpsS hnIm-khpw i‡n-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xv. knhn¬ kaq-l-Øns‚ Acm-jvSo-b-h¬°-cWw C∂sØ ][m\ sh√p-hn-fn-bm-Wv.knhn¬ kaqlw Acm-jvSo-b-h¬°-cn-°-s∏´p F∂m¬ AXns‚ A¿YwP\-߃ [\n-I-h¿K-Øns‚ IpXn-c-I-b-d-ep-Iƒ°pw `c-W-Iq-S-Øns‚\nb-a-]-c-amb a¿Z-\-cq-]-߃°pw ]q¿W-ambn hnt[-b-cm-IpI F∂m-Wv. hnI-k-\-Øn\v cmjvSobw Bh-iy-am-Wv. cmjvSobw kmaq-ly-]-cn-h¿Ø\ ]In-b-bpsS ImX-em-Wv.

ta¬kq-N-\-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ D¬]m-Z-\m-[n-jvTn-Xhpw k¥p-en-Xhpw \oXn-bp-‡hpw P\m-[n-]-Xy-]-c-hp-amb kmaq-ly-]-cn-h¿Ø-\-amWv hnI-k-\-Øns‚ cmjvSobw FSp-Øp-Im-Wn-°p-I. AXv IW-°p-

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I-fpsS Ifntbm hcp-am-\-Zm-b-I-amb sXmgn-ep-I-fp-sSbpw D]-t`m-K-kw-kvIm-c-Øn-s‚bpw tIh-e-amb hf¿®tbm A√. Ch-sb√mw kmaq-ly-]-cn-h¿Ø\ ]In-b-bpsS ^e-ambn krjvSn-°-s∏-´m¬ B¿°pw ]cn-`-hhpw D≠m-I-bn-√.

Cu s]mXp Znim-\n¿Wbw Nne ]tXy-I- ta-J-e-Isf Fßs\_m[n-°p-sa∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.

I Im¿jnI D¬]m-Z-\hpw `q -hn- hhn\ntbm-Khpw

\ΩpsS `£yhnf-Iƒ ]msS XI¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p. \mWy-hn-f-I-fmWvIm¿jn-tIm¬]m-Z-\sØ \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xv. Ah hntZ-i-am¿°-‰ns‚ KXn-hn-K-Xn-I-f-\p-k-cn-®mWv ]nSn-®p-\n¬°pI F∂v Ipcp-ap-f-In-s‚bpw a‰pwA\p-`hw sXfn-bn-°p-∂p. Cu am‰-߃ `qhn-`-h-hn-\n-tbm-K-Øns‚ kz`m-h-sØbpw am‰n-Nn-¥n-°p-∂p. \K-c-h¬°-cWw hym]n-°p-Ibpw `qan Ib-hn-I-b-h-kvXp-hmbn amdp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p∂p. Ip∂p-Iƒ, Pem-i-b-߃, hb-ep-Iƒ XpS-ßn-b-h-sb√mw `qam-^n-b-I-fpsS BI-a-W-Øn\vhnt[-b-am-Ip-∂p. Xoc-]-tZ-ihpw apX-em-fn-am-cp-sSbpw Icm-dp-Im-cp-sSbpw]nSn-bn-e-a-cp-I-bm-Wv. Ah-cpsS ]n¥p-W-bn-√msX a’y-sØm-gn-em-fn-I-fpsS PohnXw ZpjvI-c-am-Ip-∂p. Cu kml-N-cy-Øn¬ Fs¥m-s°-bmImw_Z¬ \n¿t±i߃

1. tIc-f-Øns‚ ]cn-ÿnXn XI¿®sb ]Xn-tcm-[n-°p-∂-Xn\pw hn`-h-ß-fp-sSbpw ]m¿]n-S-hy-h-ÿ-I-fp-sSbpw k¥p-en-Xm-hÿ Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw ka-K-amb ÿe-Pe Bkq-X-W-cq-]-߃ N¿®-sNbvXv cq]o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw AXn-\-\p-k-cn-®p≈ `q˛-hn-`-h-hn-\n-tbm-K-\n-baw sIm≠p-h-cn-Ibpw sNøp-I. hy‡-amb \K-cm-kq-XW \nb-a-߃ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-I.

2. `q˛-hn-`-h-L-S-\-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ imkvXo-b-amb hnh-c-ß-f-\p-k-cn®v\mWy-hn-f-I-fp-sSbpw `£y-hn-f-I-fp-sSbpw hyh-kmb tkh\ taJ-e-Iƒ°pw KXm-K-X-Øn\pw Bh-iy-amb `qan-I-fp-sSbpw tXmXp \nP-s∏-Sp-ØpI. AØcw `qan-I-fpsS ]cn-h¿Ø\w \ntcm-[n-°p-I.

3. imkvXo-b-amb hnh-c-߃°-\p-k-cn®v tIc-f-Øn¬ km[y-am-bXpwCt∏mƒ Xs∂ hym]-I-ambn \ne-\n¬°p-∂-Xp-amb \mWy-hn-f-Iƒ°pw `£y-hn-f-Iƒ°pw ap≥K-W\ \¬IpI; ]c-º-cm-KX Irjn-co-Xn-Iƒ imkvXo-b-ambn sa®-s∏-SpØn D]-tbm-Kn-°pI; k¥p-en-Xm-h-ÿsb XIn-Sw-a-dn-°p-∂Xpw P\-Po-hn-XsØ A]m-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xp-amb cmk-h-f-߃, IoS-\m-in-\n-Iƒ, If-˛-Ip-anƒ\m-in-\n-IƒXpS-ßn-bh \ntcm-[n-°pI; ]pXnb hnØn-\-ß-sfbpw kky-P-\p- p-I-sfbpw k¥p-en-Xm-h-ÿsb XI¿°mØ hn[-Øn¬ hn\y-kn-°p-I.

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4. `q tIµo-I-c-Ww, Icm¿Irjn apX-em-b-h-bvs°-Xn-cmbn i‡-amb\ne-]m-sS-Sp-°p-Ibpw F√m ]m¿∏n-S-c-ln-X¿°pw ]m¿]n-Shpw Irjn-sN-øm≥ Xm¬]-cy-ap≈ `qc-ln-X¿°v Bh-iy-amb `qanbpw e`n-°p-sa∂v Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-I. `qan-bpsS A\n-b-¥n-X-ambhne-°-b-‰hpw ]m¿∏n-S-hyq-l-ß-fp-sS Aim-kvXo-b-amb hf¿®bpwXS-bp-I.

5. `£y-hn-f-I-fnse ]cm-[o-\X Ipd-®p-sIm-≠p-h-cnI. \mWy-hn-f-I-fn¬ \n∂p≈ hcp-am-\sØ `£y-hn-f-I-fpsS Bh-iy-hp-ambn s]mcp-Ø-s∏-SpØn Im¿jnI cwKØv kzbw]cym-]vXX ssIh-cn-°m≥ian-°p-I.

6. Im¿jnI kwkvI-c-W˛ `£y-kw-kvI-cW hyh-km-b-ßsf Im¿jn-I-˛-`£y taJ-e-I-fn-ep≈ sXmgn¬ tk\-bp-ambn _‘-s∏-SpØni‡n-s∏-Sp-ØpI. Ah-bn-eq-sS-bp≈ hcp-am\w hgn KmaoW hnI-k-\-Øns‚ ]pXnb amXr-I-Iƒ krjvSn-°p-I.

7. Xoc-]-tZ-isØ sXmgn-em-fn-Isf tIm¨Sm-IvS¿˛ _m¶¿ tem_n-bn¬ \n∂v tamNn-∏n-°p-I, Ah¿°m-h-iy-amb hn`-h-ß-fpsS ]p\¿P-\-\hpw D¬]-∂-ß-fpsS hn]-W-\hpw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp∂ imkvXo-bhpw kzbw-˛-k-lm-b-]-c-hp-amb cq]-߃ Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-I.

8. h\-hn-`-h-ßsf Bkv]-Z-am-°nb sXmgn¬˛ D¬]m-Z\ cq]-߃i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-I. AX-n\m-h-iy-amb hn[-Øn¬ h\-ß-fpsS ]p\¿P-\-\hpw amt\-Pvsa‚pw Dd-∏p-h-cp-ØpI. D¬]m-Z\ cq]-߃ hf¿Øn-s°m-≠p-h-cp-∂-Xn\v BZn-hmknIfpsS Inbm-ss\-]p-Wn-Iƒ i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw Ah-cpsS Iq´mbva t_m[sØ k¿Km-fl-I-ambn\ntbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I.

9. sXmgn-ep-d∏p ]≤-Xn-tbm-sSm∏w ]mtZ-inI Im¿jn-I-hy-h-ÿ-bpsS]p\¿\n¿am-W-Øn\p klm-bn-°p∂ sXmgn¬ kwL-߃ cq]o-I-cn-°p-I. Ah¿ XΩn-ep≈ krjvSn-]-c-amb a’cw t]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-I. Ab¬°q-´-ßsf sXmgn¬ kwL-ß-fm-°p-I.

II hyh-km-b-ßfpw \K-c-h¬°-c-Whpw

C∂sØ Ahÿ: \K-c-߃ s]cp-Ip-Ibpw \K-c-h¬°-cWw apdp-Ip-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. \K-c-h¬°-c-W-Øn-\m-[m-c-amb hyh-km-b-h¬°-cWw \S-°p-∂p. sI´n-S-\n¿am-W-hpw, dnb¬ FtÉpw D]-t`m-K-h-kvXp-°fpw kmwkvIm-cnI hyh-km-bhpw tN¿∂mWv \K-c-ß-sfbpw tIc-f-Ønse hyh-km-b-h¬°-c-W-sØbpw \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xv. Sqdn-k-amWvas‰m-cp-hy-h-km-bw. CXns‚ ^e-ambn hyh-km-b-c-ln-Xhpw sXmgn¬cln-X-hp-amb t]mÃv tamtU¨ \K-c-h¬°-cWw kw`-hn-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. ssk_¿ ]m¿°p-Iƒ, "sSIvt\m-fPn']m¿°p-Iƒ XpS-ßn-bh

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hf¿∂p-h-cp-∂-tXmsS tIc-f-Ønse hyh-km-b-h¬°-c-W-Ønse am‰w]q¿Øn-bm-Ip-∂p. sNdp-Inb D¬]m-Z\ taJ-e-bn¬ Bt]-£nIkzmX¥yw \ne-\n¿Øp-Ibpw as‰√m taJ-e-I-fnepw BtKm-f-h¬°-c-W-Øn\v hnt[-b-cm-Ip-Ibpw sNøp∂ hyh-km-b-h¬°-c-W-amWvCt∏mƒ \S-°p-∂-Xv. IqSmsX AXn-hn-]p-e-amb Z√mƒ˛ IΩo-j≥GP‚ v kwkvIm-chpw i‡-am-Wv. Cu kml-N-cy-Øn¬ tIc-f-Øn\vHcp hymh-km-bnI \bw D≠m-tI-≠-Xp-≠v. AXv Xmsg ]d-bp∂ \n¿t±-i-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-IWw.

1. \nt£-]m-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-e√, tIc-f-Ønepw kao-]-]-tZ-i-Øp-ap≈ hn`-h-߃, ]›m-Øe kuI-cy-߃, sXmgn¬ i‡n F∂n-h-bpsSe`y-X-sbbpw hn]-W\ km[y-X-I-sfbpw Bi-bn-®p≈ D¬]m-Z-\m-[n-jvTn-X-amb hyh-km-b-\n¿tZ-i-ß-fmWv Db¿∂p-h-tc-≠-Xv.

2. Im¿jn-I˛ kwkvIcW `£y-kw-kvI-cW hyh-km-b-߃, kap-tZm¬]-∂-߃, h\-hn-`-h-߃ XpS-ßn-bhsb tIµo-I-cn-®p≈hyh-km-b-߃, eLp-b-¥-km-a-Kn-Iƒ, Ce-IvtSm-WnIv D]-I-c-W-߃, lm¿Uvthdpw tkm^v‰vthdpw, hml-\-b-¥-km-a-Kn-Iƒ XpS-ßn-b-hbv°v ap≥K-W\ \¬I-Ww.

3. tIc-f-Øn¬ \n∂v Xs∂-bp≈ hnZKv[ sXmgn¬ tk\-bpsS Iq´mbvakwcw-`-߃°v ap≥K-W-\-bpw Kh-s◊‚ v ]n¥p-Wbpw \¬I-Ww.Ah¿°v ]tXyI hyh-km-b-ta-J-e-Iƒ A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂Xpw ]cn-K-Wn-°mw.

4. tIc-f-Øn¬ \n∂pw ]hm-kn-I-fn¬ \n∂pw kwcw-`-I-cn-√m-ØXpwtIc-f-Øn\p kth-ti-j-Xm¬]-cy-ap-≈-Xp-amb taJ-e-I-fn¬ amX-ambn hntZi kwcw-`-Isc ]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.

5. sFSn Iº-\n-I-fn¬ Hu´vtkm-gvknßv t]mP-Iv‰p-Iƒ°p ]Icw]mtZ-inI hyh-kmb kmwkvIm-cnI kwcw-`-ßfpw s]mXp kzIm-cy-ta-J-e-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´p ]h¿Øn-°-Ww.

6. `qansb s]mXp-hn-`-h-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-°p-I. dnb¬ FtÉv GP≥kn-I-fpsS ]h¿Ø\w ]q¿W-ambn \nb-¥n-°p-Ibpw hyh-km-b˛D¬]m-Z-\-kw-cw-`-߃°v ap≥K-W\ \¬Ip-Ibpw thWw.

III ]›m-Øe kuI-cy-߃

C∂sØ Ahÿ: G‰hpw hym]-I-amb tdmUv KXm-K-X-ku-I-cy-ß-fp≈ kwÿm-\-amWv tIc-fw. sdbn¬ KXmKXw C\nbpw sa®-s∏-tS-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Km¿lnI D]-t`m-K-Øn\v Bh-iy-amb Du¿Pw tIc-f-Øn-ep-s≠-¶nepw hyh-km-b-h¬°-cWw sa®-s∏-tS-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

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]pXnb hyh-km-b-ß-fn¬ ]e-Xn-sebpw Du¿P D]-t`mKw Ipd-hm-b-Xp-sIm≠v Du¿P cwKØv k¥p-en-Xm-hÿ ssIh-cn-°m≥ ]bm-k-an-√.

Cu kml-N-cy-Øn¬

1. h≥ sslth-I-fpsS \n¿amWw \ne-hn-ep≈ tIµ˛tÉv sslth-Iƒ°p-am-X-ambn ]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-I. Ah-bpsS `mhn-hn-I-k-\-πm≥Ct∏mƒXs∂ Xøm-dm-°pI. Bh-iy-amb ÿew AIz-b¿ sNøp-I. P\-km-µ-amb ]tZ-i-ß-fn-eq-sS-bp≈ tdmUv hnI-k\w ]mtbm-Kn-I-amb _p≤-ap-´p-I-fp-≠m-°p-∂XpsIm≠v Ah Hgn-hm-°-Ww. a‰p]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ A¿l-amb ÿehpw sXmgn¬ kuI-cy-ßfpw \¬Inÿew \jvS-s∏-´-hsc ]p\-c-[n-h-kn-∏n-°-Ww. AXn\v ap≥Iq´n Xocp-am-\n-°-s∏-´, kpXm-cy-amb am\-Z-fi-ß-fp-≠m-I-Ww.

2. \ne-hn-ep≈ tdmUp-I-fpsS imkvXo-b-amb \ho-I-c-W-Øn\v ap≥K-W\ \¬I-Ww. Bh-iy -amb ÿe-ß-fn¬ ta¬]m-X-Ifpwk_vthIfpw \n¿an-°-Ww. tIc-f-Ønse F√m Kma-ßfpw \K-c-ßfpw sNdp-tdmUv irwJ-e-I-fm¬ _‘n-∏n-°-s∏-S-Ww. Pe-K-Xm-KX kuI-cy-߃ hnI-kn-∏n-°-Ww.

3. hyh-kmb irwJ-e-I-fpsS ÿm]-\-Øn\pw \ne-hn-ep≈ tdmUp-I-fpsS \ho-I-c-W-amWv th≠-Xv. vGsXmcp hyh-kmb ]m¿°n\pwHcp ]tXyI tdmUv F∂ \ne-]mSv Aim-kvXo-b-am-Wv.

4. \ne-hn-ep≈ Pe-tkm-X- p-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v an\n ssatIm-P-e-ssh-Zyp-X-]-≤-Xn-Iƒ°v ap≥K-W\ \¬I-Ww. tkmfm¿]m-\-ep-Iƒ,Im‰m-Sn-b-¥-߃, _tbm-Kym-kn¬ \n∂p sshZypXn apX-emb am¿K-ßfpw ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. Km¿lnI D]-t`mKw _Z¬ sshZypXncq]-ß-fn-eqsS Iao-I-cn-°p-Ibpw hyh-km-b-߃°m-h-iy-ambsshZypXn h≥\n-e-b-ß-fn¬ \n∂p \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøp∂ coXnhf¿∂p-h-c-Ww.

5. sshZypXn D]-t`mKw Bkq-Xn-X-am-bn-cn-°-Ww. ]mgvs®-e-hp-Iƒ]q¿W-ambn \nb-¥n-°-Ww. Ieym-W-߃, ]m¿´n-Iƒ, BtLm-j-߃ XpS-ßn-b-h-b°v s]mXp sshZyp-Xn- D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv I¿i-\-ambn \nb-¥n-°-Ww.

6. sdbn¬th kuI-cy-߃ hnI-kn-∏n-°m≥ kΩ¿Zw sNep-Ø-Ww.Pn√m-Xeÿm\-ßsf XΩn¬ _‘n-∏n-°p∂ ]mk-©¿ sSbn-\p-Iƒ hym]-I-am-°-Ww.

7. IÆq-c-S-°-ap≈ \nc-h-[n-bn-S-ß-fn¬ hnam-\-Øm-h-f-߃ h∂p-I-gn-™p. C\n ]›n-L-´-]-tZ-i-ß-fnepw hnam-\-Øm-h-f-Øn-\p≈kΩ¿Zw Db¿∂p-h-cmw. C\n tIc-f-Øn\v hnam-\-Øm-h-f-߃thWtam F∂p ]cn-tim-[n-°-Ww.

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IV tkh\ taJe

C∂sØ Ahÿ: tkh-\-ta-Je GXm≠v ]q¿W-ambpw hmWn-Py-h¬°-cn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. tIc-f-Ønse sXmgn¬i-‡n-bpsS G‰hpwhenb `mKw tkh\ taJ-e-bn-emWv. AXp-sIm≠v hmWn-Py-h¬°-c-Whpw em`m -[n -jvTn -X -hy -h -ÿ-tbm-Sp≈ hnt[-b-Xzhpw as‰-hn -sSsØ°mfpw ]I-S-am-Ip-∂Xpw tkh-\-ta-J-e-bn-em-Wv. hcp-am-\-Zm-b-I-amb sXmgn-ep-Iƒ, D]-t`m-K-kw-kvIm-cw, em`m-[n-jvTn-X-hy-h--ÿ-tbm-Sp≈ kmwkvIm-cn-I-amb Zmkyw XpS-ßn-b-hbpw tkh-\-ta-J-e-bn¬kv]jvS-am-Wv.

\n¿t±-i-߃

1. Zcn-Z-]-£-Øns‚ hnIm-k-Ønepw Ah-Im-i-ß-fnepw ASnbpd®p\n∂v ]In-bm-[n-jvTn-Xhpw km¿h-P\o-\hpw (Holistic) kmaq-ly-\o-Xn-bn-e-Sn-bp-d-®-Xp-amb kvIqƒ hnZym-`ym-khpw kmaq-ly-ssh-Z-Kv[y-Ønt‚bpw ssh⁄m-\nI \ne-hm-c-Øn-s‚bpw D¬]m-Z-\-Øn-eq-∂p∂ D∂X hnZym-`ym-khpw \S-∏n¬ hcp-Øp-I.

2. AXn-\-\p-cq-]-amb k¿Km-fl-Ihpw hna¿i-\m-[n-jvTn-X-hp-amb t_m[-\-aq-ey-\n¿W-b-cq-]-߃ \S-∏n-em-°p-I.

3. ka-K-amb P\-Io-bm-tcm-Ky-\bw Bhn-jv°-cn-°p-Ibpw P\-X-bpsSapgp-h\pw Btcm-Ky-]-cn-]m-e\w Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp∂ hn[-Øn¬ Btcm-Ky-tk-h-\-Øn¬ Imtem-Nn-X-ambn am‰-߃ hcp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-I.

4. hnZym-`ym-k-cw-K-sØbpw Btcm-Ky-cw-K-sØbpw hmWn-Py-h¬°-cWw XS-bp-I. kzIm-cy-tk-h-\-cq-]-ß-fpsS kmaqly DØ-c-hm-ZnXzwDd-∏p-h-cp-Øp∂ \b-߃ Bhn-jv°-cn-°p-I.

5. kmaq-ly-t£-]-≤-Xn-Isf DXv]m-Z-\m-[n-jvTnX hnI-k-\-hp-ambn_‘-s∏-Sp-ØpI. sXmgn¬ tk\-bv°p≈ t£a-]-≤-Xn-Isf D¬]m-Z\ ]h¿Ø-\-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw tcmKm-Xp-c¿, sshI-ey-ap-≈-h¿, sXmgn¬ tk\-bn¬ \n∂pw hnc-an-®-h¿ F∂n-h¿°v]q¿W kwc-£Ww \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøp-I.

6. kzbw-k-lm-b-kw-L-ßsf D¬]m-Z-\-hn-X-cW ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-ambn_‘n-∏n-°p∂ sXmgn¬ kwL-ß-fm°n am‰p-I.

7. BZn -hm -kn -Iƒ, Xoc-tZ -i-hm -kn -Iƒ XpS -ßn -b-h¿°v Ah¿ssIImcyw sNøp∂ hn`-h-ßsf Bkv]-Z-am-°n-bp≈ ]cn-io-e\w\¬Ip-Ibpw ]pXnb A[zm\ i‡n-bpsS hnIm-k-Øn-\m-kv]-Z-amb]h¿Ø-\-߃ \S-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-I.

8. πkv Sp Ign™ F√m hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°pw hnZ-Kv[-sXm-gn¬ ]cn-io-

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e-\-Øn-\p≈ ka-K-]≤n Bhn-jv°-cn-°p-I.

9. tkh-\-Xp-d-I-fnse F√m-hn[ Z√mƒ-˛-I-Ωo-j≥ GP‚ v ˛ tªUv˛]h¿Ø-\-߃ \n¿Øm-\p≈ \nb-a-\n¿amWw \S-Øp-I. F√m-hn[ ]th-i-\-ßfpw CS-]m-Sp-Ifpw ]q¿W-ambn At\z-j-I\pwtkh-\-Øp-d-bpsS DS-abpw XΩn¬ t\cn-´p≈ CS-]m-Sp-I-fm°n am‰p-Ibpw sNøp-I.

s]mXp-kz-Imcy ]¶m-fnØw

s]mXp-ta-Je CXp-hsc tIc-f-Øn¬ kzIm-cy-h¬°-cn-°-s∏-´n-´n-√.F¶nepw s]mXp kzImcy ]¶m-fn-Ø-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ Ct∏mƒ \S-∏n-em-Ip-∂p-≠v. s]mXp kzImcy ]¶m-fnØwC∂sØ kml-N-cy-Øn¬ A\n-hm-cy-am-sW∂ \ne-]m-Sns‚ km¶Xyw]cn-tim-[n-°-Ww. ]pXnb cq]-ß-sf√mw ]¶m-fnØ cq]-ß-fm-sW-¶n¬ItaW s]mXp taJ-ebv°v ]nSn®p \n¬°m≥ km[y-a-√msX hcpw.

]¶m-fn-ØsØ `c-W-Iq-Shpw kaq-lhpw XΩn-ep≈ ]¶m-fn-Ø-ambn]p\¿\n¿h-Nn-°p-Ibpw \nc-h[n hnZ-Kv[-sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fpsS Iq´m-bvasbXmßn-\n¿Øm-\mbn Kh-s◊‚ v ]Ww-ap-S°pIbpw sNømw. C∂sØs]mXptaJ-esb Xmßn-\n¿Øp∂ k_vkn-Un-I-fn¬ \n∂p hyXy-kvX-am-W-Xv. ChnsS \S-°p-∂Xv s]mXp˛ s]mXp˛ ]¶m-fn-Ø-am-Wv. BZysØs]mXp Kh-s◊≠pw c≠m-asØ s]mXp kwcw-`-I-cmb P\-ß-fp-am-Wv.sXmgn¬kw-L-߃, kwcw-`-kw-L-߃ XpS-ßn-bh hf¿Øn-sIm-≠p-h-cn-Ibpw sXmgn¬ Icm¿ kwL-ßsf t]mP-Iv‰p-I-tf¬]n-°p-Ibpw sNømw.tIc-f-Øns‚ kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ ]co-£n-°m-hp∂ coXn-bm-Wn-Xv.

`c-W-\n¿h-l-Whpw amt\-Pvsa‚pw

C∂sØ Ahÿ: s]mXp `c-W-I¿Øm-°-fpsS Imcy-£-aXG‰hpw ]cn-Xm-]-I-c-amb \ne-bn-em-Wv. Kh-s◊≠v ]Jym-]n-°p∂ t£a-]-≤-Xn-Ifpw hnhn[ hIp-∏p-I-fn¬ hcp-Øp∂ ]cn-jv°m-c-ßfpw \n¿h-ln-°-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xpw CXp-sIm-≠m-Wv. kzImcy ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬em`m-[n-jvTn-X-\oXn amt\-Pvsa‚ns‚ Imcy-£-a-X-sbbpw tkh-\-Xz-c-X-sbbpw Kuc-h-Øn¬ _m[n-°p-∂p.

1. `c-W-cw-KsØ A\m-h-iy-amb tIµo-I-c-Whpw Nph-∏p-\m-S-bn-e-[n-jvTn-X-hpw P\-hn-cp-≤-hp-amb DtZym-K-ÿ-ta-[m-hnXzw Hgn-hm-°p∂hn[-Øn¬ s]mXp `cW \nb-a-ßfpw amt\-Pvsa‚ v kº-Zm-b-ßfpw]pcm-hn-jvI-cn-°p-I.

2. hntI-µo-Ir-X-amb `c-W-\n¿h-l-W-co-Xnbpw ]iv\-]-cn-lmc am¿K-ßfpw ]tbm-K-Øn¬ hcp-Øp-I. AXn-\m-h-iy-amb A[n-Im-c-hn-

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tI-µo-I-cWw `c-W-X-e-Øn¬ ]mtbm-Kn-I-am-°p-I.

3. `c-W-\n¿h-l-W-Ønse kmaqly DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xzhpw ]¶m-fn-ØhpwDd-∏m-°p-I. _P-‰n-wßv apX¬ \n¿h-l-Whpw HmUn-‰nwKpw hsc-bp≈ F√m X´p-Ifpw kpXm-cyhpw P\m-[n-]-Xy-]-c-hp-am-°p-I.

4. \n¿h-lWw Imcy-£-a-am-°p∂ hn[-Øn¬ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-߃ Iao-I-cn-°p-I. s]mXp-\n-b-a-ßfpw \n¿h-l-W-cq-]hpw Xocp-am-\n-®m¬\S-∏n-em-°p-∂-Xn\p≈ ]q¿W DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw \n¿h-l-tWm-tZym-K-ÿ-\m-bn-cn-°-Ww. h≥ ÿm]-\-ß-fnepw hIp-∏p-I-fnepw DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw ]q¿W-ambn hntI-µo-I-cn-°p-I. Imcy-£-a-amb \S-Øn-∏n-\m-h-iy-amb tamWn-´-dnwKv kwhn-[m-\-߃ krjvSn-°p-I.

5. \n¿h-lWw Imcy-£-a-am-°p-∂-Xn-\m-h-iy-amb ]q¿W-amb kmt¶-XnI ]cn-io-e\w C≥k¿ho-kmbn F√m Poh-\-°m¿°pw \¬Ip-I.

k¿°mdpw kmº-Øn-Ihpw

ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn Kh¨sa‚n\v 2 Npa-X-e-I-fm-Wp-≈-Xv. (1.) \nb-¥Wm-[n-Imc Npa-X-e-Iƒ(2.) hnI-k-\m-[n-Imc Npa-X-e-Iƒ. c≠n\pw]Ww Bh-iy-am-Wv. k¿°m-dns‚ ][m\ hcp-am\w \nIp-Xn-bn¬ \n∂m-Wv. 2009-˛10 se IW°p ]Imcw \nIp-Xn-bn¬ \n∂p≈ hcp-am\w 17,625tImSn-bm-Wv, \ΩpsS GSDP 1,81,289 tImSn cq]bpw. AXm-bXv GSDPbpsS 10% XpI-bmWv kwÿm-\-Øn\v \nIpXn C\-Øn¬ e`n-°p-∂-Xv.tIµhpw Xt±i kzbw `cW ÿm]-\-ßfpw ]ncn-s®-Sp°p-∂-Xn\v]pdta bmWnX.v F¥m-bmepw F√mw IqSn Hcp 16% Øn¬ IqSp-X¬hcn-√. GSDPbpsS FX iX-am\w \nIp-Xn-bmbn k¿°m-dn-te°v hc-Ww? ]e hnI-knX cmPy-ß-fnepw CXv 30 % apI-fnemWv. C∂v tIc-f-Øn¬ \S-°p∂ 50% kmº-ØnI CS-]m-Sp-I-sf-¶nepw kpXm-cy-a-√.AXm-bXv Kh¨sa‚ v IW-°p-I-fn¬ H∂pw s]SmsX \s√mcp iX-am\w kmº-ØnI CS-]m-Sp-Iƒ \S-Øm≥ ChnsS kml-N-cy-ap-≠v.kwÿm-\Øv icn-bmb kmº-ØnI Xocp-am-\-߃ ssIs°m-f-fp∂Xn\vhenb hnLm-X-am-WnXv krjvTn-°p-∂-Xv. \nIpXn sh´n-°p-∂-Xn\v henbXpI ssI°q-en-bmbnt∏mepw \¬Ip∂p. Cu kml-N-cy-Øn¬

1. \nIpXn \¬Ip-∂Xv Hcp kmaqly DØ-c-hm-XnXzw BI-Ww.kmaqly hnI-k-\-Øn\v \nIpXn \¬tI-≠-XmWv F∂ ]uc-t_m[w D≠m-I-Ww.

2. \nIp-Xn°v A\p-kr-X-amb tkh-\w, k¿°m¿ \¬Ip-∂p≠v F∂vDd-∏m-°-Ww.

3. ]pXnb kmt¶-XnI hnZy-bpsS klm-b-tØmsS sk¬^v AkkvUv\nIpXn A∏-t∏mƒ AS-bv°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ kwhn-[m\w D≠m-I-Ww.

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4. \nIpXn AS-°p-∂-hcpw \nIpXn ]ncn®v AS-bv°p∂hcpw kmaqlyhnI-k\ cwKsØ ][m\ IÆn-I-fmWv F∂ AwKo-Imcw Ah¿°v\¬IWw.

kl-I-c-W-ta-Je

tIc-f-Ønse ]mtZ-inI hnI-k\ kºZv hyh-ÿ-bn¬ i‡-ambkzm[o-\-ap-≈-h-bmWv ]mtZ-inI kl-I-cW kwL-߃. tkmƒs]mss∏-‰dn jn∏v, ]m¿´vW¿jn-∏v, enan-‰Uv Iº-\n-Iƒ F∂o `c-W-cq-]-߃°v ]I-c-am-Im≥ kl-I-cW taJ-e°v Ignbpw F∂-Xn\v Ht´sdDZm-l-c-W-߃ D≠v. kl-I-cW taJ-e-bpsS ]h¿Ø\w kpXm-cy-am-°n-s°m-≠v F√m taJ-e-I-fn -te°pw hym]n-∏n -°m≥ Ign-™m¬kzmImcy Xmev]-cy-Øn\v ]Icw kmaqly Xmev]-cy-߃ ap≥\n¿Øn-bp≈ hnI-k\ apt∂-‰-߃°v km£n-bm-Im≥ tIc-f-Øn\v Ign-bpw.

D¬]mZ\ cwK-Øpw, tkh\ cwKØpw i‡-amb km∂n-≤y-am-Im≥Ignbpw F∂-tXm-sSm∏w Xs∂ tIc-f-Øn¬ D≠m-Ip∂ an® ]WsØicn-bmb hn[-Øn¬ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hcp kwhn-[m-\-am°nam‰m\pw Ign-bpw. Hcp sNdnb DZm-l-cWw ]cn-tim-[n-°mw. tZio-b-]m-X-I-fpsS hnI-k\w kzImcy Iº-\n-Isf Gev]n®v tSmƒ ]ncn®v \S-∏m-°m-\m-Wt√m Xocp-am-\w. CXv h≥ Agn-a-Xn-°v Ah-kcw Hcp-°p∂Hcp ]≤-Xn-bmWv F∂v F√m-h¿°pw Adn-bmw. henb XpI-bmWv tSmƒ]ncn-hn-eqsS Iº\n ASn®v FSp-°p-I. CXv Hcp kl-I-cW kwL-amWv Gs‰-Sp-°p-∂Xv F∂v Icp-XpI F¥mIpw Ah-ÿ. CS-]m-Sp-IƒHs° kpXm-cy-am-°m≥ Ignbpw. D≠m-°p∂ em`w IqSp-X¬ BWvF¶n¬ P\-߃°v tNmZyw sNøm≥ Ign-bpw. kmaqly kΩ¿±-Øn-eqsS am\y-amb tSmƒ \nc-°n-te°v kwhn-[m-\sØ sIm≠p-h-cm\pwIgn-bpw. AXXv taJ-e-bn¬ ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-hsc GtIm-]n-∏n®v kl-I-cW taJ-e-hn-]p-e-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ign-™m¬ AXv Hcp henb t\´wXs∂ Bbn-cn-°pw.

Kƒ v ]Whpw tIcf hnI-k-\hpw

C¥ym-cm-PyØv Kƒ^v ]W-Øns‚ G‰hpw i‡-amb km∂n-≤y-ap≈ kwÿm-\-amWv tIc-fw. Hmtcm h¿jhpw 30,000 tImSn-cq] tIc-f-Øn-te°v FØp-∂p≠v F∂mWv HutZym-KnI IW-°v. A\u-tZym-KnIIW-°p-]-Imcw CXv Aº-Xn-\mbncw tImSn hcpw F¥m-bmepw CuXpI F¥v sNøWw F∂-dn-bm-Ø-h-cmWv _lp-`q-cn-]-£-hpw. AXp-sIm≠v Xs∂ CXn¬ \s√mcp XpI hoSp \n¿Ωm-W-Øn-\pw, hml\whmßp-∂-Xn\pw, D]-t`mK hkvXp-°ƒ hmßp-∂-Xn-\pw, `qan hmßn-Iq-´p-∂-Xn\pw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. CXv tIc-fsØ henb Hcp ]cn-ÿnXn Zpc-

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¥-Øn-te-°mWv \bn®p sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu an®-]-WsØ icn-bmbhn[w D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp -Øm≥ Ign-™m¬ henb am‰-߃ \ΩpsSkwÿm-\Øv D≠m-Ipw.

enwK-]-Z-hnbpw hnI-k-\hpw

C∂sØ Ahÿ: kvXo]-ÿm\ßfpsS i‡-amb CS-s]-S¬aqew enwK-]-Zhn Ct∏mƒ ]≤-Xn-]cnt]-£y-Øn¬ ÿm\w]nSn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. h\n-Xm-L-S-I-]-≤Xn kmaq-ly-t£-a-]-≤-Xn-Iƒ, kvXo]o-U-\hpwKm¿lnI]oU-\hpw XS-bm-\p≈ \nb-a-߃ XpS-ßn-b-h-bn¬ \n∂v CutaJe Gsd-sbm∂pw apt∂m-´p-t]m-bn-´n-√. IpSpw-_-io-t]m-ep≈ ]≤-Xn-I-fmWv KpW-]-c-amb am‰-߃ krjvSn-®n-´p-≈-Xv.

\n¿t±-i-߃

1. Km¿ln-I-kzm-X-¥y-Øns‚ BZy-]Sn C∂p-\n-e-hn-ep≈ ^yqU¬hn-t[-b-Xz-߃ Hgn-hm-°p-I-bm-Wv. Krl-ß-fn¬ H∂n®p Pohn-°p-∂-h¿°v Krl-ß-fpsS BkvXn-bpsS ta¬ Xpeym-h-Im-i-ap-≠m-I-Ww.hnhm-ln-X-cm-sW-¶n¬ "Krl-\m-Y≥' "t\man\n' apX-emb ]tbm-K-߃°p ]Icw s]mXp-kzØv F∂ k¶¬]-Øn-te°p \oß-Ww.s]mXp kzØp-S-a-Iƒ°v kz¥-ambn BkvXn-Iƒ krjvSn-°p-∂-Xn\vCXp XS- -a-√. Ahbpw Ah-cpsS CjvS-]-Imcw s]mXp-kz-Øm°nam‰mw. hnhmlw d±m-bm¬ BkvXn-Iƒ Xpey-ambn `mKn-°p-IbpwsNømw.

2. kvXo[\w apX-emb hnhm-l-Øns‚ ka-b-Øp≈ BkvXn ssIam-‰-߃ ]q¿W-ambn \ntcm-[n-°p-I. kz¥w BkvXn-Iƒ Ah-c-h-cpsS kz¥w CjvS-]-Imcw amX-amWv s]mXp-kz-Øn-te°p ebn-∏n-°p-I. AXn-\p-]-Icw \n¿_-‘n®p ebn-∏n-°m-\p≈ F√miahpw in£m¿l-am-I-Ww. kvXoIƒ°v kzX-¥-ambn BkvXn-Iƒ \ne-\n¿Øm-\p≈ Ah-Imiw hnhm-l-ti-jhpw D≠m-IWw.

3. Km¿ln-Im-[zm-\-Øn\v aqeyw I¬]n-°Ww. AXn-\p≈ thX\wsXmgn-ep-Sa t\cnt´m ""IpSpw-_-th-X\w'' F∂ \ne-bn¬ sXmgn-se-Sp-°p∂ BfpsS thX-\-Øns‚ `mK-amtbm \¬IWw. (]-k-hm-h[n F∂ Bi-b-Øn¬ Cu k¶¬]w Dƒs°m-≠n-´p≠v). Krl-sØm-gn¬ thsdm-cmƒ sNøp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Ah¿°v Cu thX\we`n-°pw.

4. sXmgn¬ i‡n F∂ kvXo k-¶¬]-Øn\v s]mXp ]m[m\yw\¬Ip-I. F√m-sXm-gn-ep-I-fnepw kvXoIƒ°v Xpeym-h-Im-ihpwXpey-th-X-\hpw D≠m-I-Ww. kvXoIƒ°v F√m taJ-e-I-fnepw]q¿W-amb hnZKv[ sXmgn¬ ]cn-io-e\w \¬I-Ww.

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5. tIc-f-Øn¬ s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ymkw ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-∂-h-cnepw hnZ-Kv[-hn-Zym-`ymkw t\cn-Sp-∂-h-cnepw Gdnb ]¶pw kvXoI-fm-Wv. \ne-hn-ep≈ sXmgn¬ Xpd-I-fnepw AtX-i-X-am\w kvXoI-fp-≠m-I-Ww.

6. kvXoI-fpsS hnhm-lw, Km¿lnI DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw XpS-ßn-bh Ah-cpsS Ne-\m-fl-I-X-bn¬ XS w krjvSn-°-cp-Xv. Ah¿°m-h-iy-ambtlmÃ-ep-Ifpw a‰v Bhm-k-tI-µ-ßfpw krjvSn-°-Ww. iuNm-e-b-ß-f-S-°-ap≈ F√m-hn[ kuI-cy-ßfpw s]mXp CS-ßn-enepwÿm]-\-ß-fnepw krjvSn-°Ww.

7. s]mXp sXmgn¬ime-I-fnepw dkn-U≥jy¬ tImf-\n-I-fnepws]mXp ASp-°-f-Ifpw s]mXp Ae°v kwhn-[m-\hpw (laundry)\ne-hn¬ hc-Ww. Km¿ln-I-sØm-gn-en¬ \n∂v kvXoIƒ kzX-¥-cm-Ip-∂-Xn\v s]mXp ASp-°-f-Iƒ AXym-h-iy-am-Wv.

8. ]k-h-Øn\pw XpS¿∂p≈ c≠p-aq∂p amk-߃ Hgn-®m¬ inip-]-cn-]m-e-\-Øn-\p≈ kwhn-[m-\-߃ F√m- sXm-gn¬ imeI-fnepw tImf-\n-I-fnepw D≠m-I-Ww. AXn-\m-h-iy-amb ]cn-io-e\w e`n-®-h¿ \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-S-Ww. BZysØ aq∂p-amkw s]mXp ]cn-]m-e-\-Øns‚ ka-b-am-b-Xp-sIm≠v kvXo°pw ]pcp-j\pw Ah[n \¬I-Ww.

9. s]mXp-cw-K-ß-fn-ep≈ kvXoI-fpsS hnth-N-\-cq-]-߃ ]q¿W-ambn\ntcm -[n -°-s∏-S -Ww. kvXoIƒ°p-am - X -ap≈ kvIqfpIƒ,sdbn¬th-tIm-®p-Iƒ, XpS-ßn-bh DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv. F√m s]mXp-ÿm-]-\-ß-fnepw kmt¶-XnI cq]-ß-fnepw kvXo]p-cp-j-∑m¿°vXpey kwh-cWw \¬I-Ww.

10. kvXo]o-U-\-cq-]-߃ I¿i-\-ambn in£n-°-s∏-S-Ww. C∂sØA¿[-a-\-t m-sS-bp-≈Xpw ]pcp-jm-[n-]-Xy-]-c-hp-amb \oXn-\ym-b-ap-d-Iƒ am‰n kvXoIƒ°v Xpey ]¶m-fn-Ø-ap≈ \oXn \ymb-cq-]-ß-fp-≠m-I-Ww. IpSpw_ tImS-Xn¬ amX-a√ km[m-cW tImS-Xn-I-fnepw kvXoIƒ°v Xpey-]-¶m-fn-Ø-ap-≠m-I-Ww.

11. `qhn-\n-tbm-K-Ønepw Im¿jn-I-˛-Im¿jn-Im-\p-_-‘-sØm-gn-ep-I-fnepwkvXoIƒ°v ]q¿W Ah-Im-i-ß-fp -≠m-I-Ww. kvXoI-fpsSsXmgn¬ kwL-߃ Cu taJ-e-I-fn¬ krjvSn-°-s∏-S-Ww.

12. Btcm-Ky-kw-hn-[m-\-߃ \ne-hn¬ h∂n-´pw, 99% ]k-h-߃ tIc-f-Øn¬ Bip-]-Xn-I-fn¬ \S-∂n´pw F¥p-sIm≠v amXr-a-cW \nc°vh¿[n-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂Xv ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-°Ww. (tI-c-f-ØnsekvXoIƒ°v (K¿`n-Wn-Iƒ°v) A\o-anb C√ F∂Xpw ]T-\-Øn¬hy‡-am-°-s∏-´n-´p-≠v). B Ah-k-c-Øn¬ F¥vsIm≠v amXr-a-c-W-\n-c°v Ipd-bp-∂n√? Btcm-Ky-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ ka-K-]-T-\hpw\ne-]mSpw Bh-iy-am-Wv.

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kmwkvIm-cnI cwKhpw am[y-a-ßfpw

C∂sØ Ahÿ: kmwkvIm-cn-I-cwKw C∂p Po¿Wm-h-ÿ-bn-em-Wv. am[y-a-߃ ]q¿W-ambpw ap≥[m-c-W-I-fpsSbpw tIh-e-amb ]I-S-\m-fl-I-X-bp-sSbpw sk≥tk-j-W-en-k-Øn-s‚bpw ]nSn-bn-ep-am-Wv. hnI-k-\-sØ-°p-dn®p amX-a-√, Hcp hnj-b-sØ-°p-dn®pw Xm¬°m-en-IhpwsshIm-cn-I-hp-amb ]Xn-I-c-W-߃ amX-amWv Ct∏mƒ t]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v Kuc-h-ta-dnb N¿®-Ifpw kwhm-Z-ßfpw \S-°p-∂n-√. P\m-[n-]-Xy-h¬°-cWw ]q¿W-amb tXmXn¬ \S-°p-∂n-√.`mKn-Ihpw a-X-PmXn kap-Zm-b-ß-fp-sSbpw a‰p ÿm]n-X-Xm¬]-cy-ß-fp-sSbpw \ne-]m-S-\p-k-cn-®p-≈-Xp-amb A`n-]mb ]I-S-\-߃°mWv]mapJyw e`n-°p-∂-Xv.

\n¿tZ-i-߃

P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn\pw kmaq-ly-\o-Xn°pw th≠n hmZn-°p∂ i‡n-IƒAh-cp-sS-Xmb Bi-b-]-N-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw kwhm-Z-Øn-s‚bpw cq]-߃krjvSn-t°-≠Xv C∂sØ Bh-iy-am-Wv. CØcw Bib cq]o-I-c-W-Øn-\m-h-iy-amb X¥-ßfpw sa\-tb-≠n-h-cpw.

AXn-\mbn Xmsg ]d-bp∂ ]h¿Ø-\-ta-J-e-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

1. Hcp P\-X-bpsS kzm`n-am-\hpw kzmh-t_m-[hpw \ne-\n¿Øp-Ibpwi‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNtø-≠Xv P\m-[n-]-Xy-]-c-amb hnI-k\X¥-Øn\v Bh-iy-am-Wv. kz¥w A[zm-\-i-‡n-bpsS kmaq-ly-aq-ey-sØ-∏‰n t_m[-an-√m-Ø-h¿°v kz¥w \m´n¬ A¿]-W-t_m-[-tØm-sSbpw kXy-k-‘-ambpw tPmen-sN-øm\pw Xm¬]-cy-ap-≠m-In-√. ae-bm-fn-bpsS `mj, kwkvIm-cw, Pohn-X-co-Xn, NcnXw XpS-ßn-b-h-sb-∏‰n t_m[hpw A`n-am-\hpw D≠m-tI-≠Xv kmwkvIm-cn-I-amb BZysØ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-am-Wv. AXn-\mbn `mjm-kmw-kvIm-cnI]T-\-sØbpw ]tbm-K-sØbpw ]c-am-h[n t]m’m-ln-∏n-t°-≠XpwBh-iy-am-Wv.

2. P\m-[n-]-Xy-]-c-amb s]mXp-a-fiew F√m-hn-`m-K-߃°pw Xpey-amb Ah-k-c-ßfpw ]¶m-fn-Øhpw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp∂ H∂m-Wv. AXv`mKn-Ihpw kzXz-cm-jvSo-b-]-c-hp-am-I-cp-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v aX-PmXnhn`m-Kob i‡n-Iƒs°-Xn-cmb k‘n-bn-√mØ t]mcm´w P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øns‚ ASn-Ø-dbpw hnI-k\ cmjvSo-b-Øns‚ A\n-hm-cy-L-S-I-hp-am-Wv.

3. \Ωp-sSXv Hcp Bi-b-hn-\n-ab kaq-l-am-Wv. ]X-am-kn-I-Ifpw]pkvX-I-ßfpw Iem-cq-]-ß-fp-an-√msX \ap°v Pohn-°m≥ km[n-°p-I-bn-√. ]s£, C∂v Bi-b-kw-hm-Z-Øn-\-∏pdw Xmcm-cm-[-\bpw

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hy‡n-I-fpsS al-Xz¬°-c-Whpw \oN-h¬°-c-Whpw XakvIc-W-hp-sam-°-bmWv \S-°p-∂-Xv. Bi-b-]-N-c-W-Øn\p ]Icw Bi-b-\n-µbpw Ah-tl-f-\hpw hym]-I-am-Wv. I®-h-S-kw-kvIm-c-Øns‚£pZ-aq-ey-t_m[w Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-Øns‚ G‰hpw ][m\ LS-I-ambn amdp-∂p. AXp-sIm≠v C∂sØ am[y-a-cq-]-߃s°-Xn-cmbi‡-amb hna¿i\w _Z¬ Bi-b-]-N-cW cq]-߃°p th≠n-bp≈ At\z-j-Whpw ]k-‡-am-Wv. Iem-Pm-Y-I-fpsS BZy-Imeaqey-t_m[w hos≠-Sp-°¬ CXns‚ ][m\ LS-I-hpw.

4. Bi-b-kw-hmZw \S-t°-≠Xv GXm\pw _p≤-Po-hn-I-fn-e√, km[m-cW P\-ß-fn-em-Wv. AXn-\mbn P\-Io-b-hn-Zym-`ym-k-]-cn-]m-Sn-I-fpsSA¥- Ø hos≠-Sp-t°-≠Xv Bh-iy-am-Wv. s\Sp-¶≥ Ihe]kw-K-ß-fn¬ P\-߃°p Xm¬]-cy-an√. kwhm-Z-m[n-jvTn-X-amb`mj-W-߃ tIƒ°m\pw ]¶m-fn-I-fm-Im\pw Ah¿ Xøm-dm-Ipw.]`m-j-I-s\-°m-f-[nIw ]mtbm-Kn-Ihpw ssk≤m-¥n-I-hp-ambhnhcw ]e-t∏mgpw tI´n-cn-°p∂ Bƒ°p-ap-≠m-Im-sa-∂Xv Hcn-°epwad-∂p-Iq-S. P\-Iob hnZym-`ymkw kwhm-Zm-fl-I-amb A¥-co-£-Øns‚ krjvSn-bn-te°p \bn-°-Ww. kmaq-ly-kw-L¿j-߃°pwP\m-[n-]-Xy-]-c-amb ]pXnb hnI-k-\-cm-jvSo-b-Øn-\p-ap≈ Nhn-´p-]-Sn-bm-Ip-a-Xv.

k¥p-en-X-hn-I-k\w

a\p-jy\pw ]Ir-Xnbpw XΩnepw, a\p-jy\pw a\p-jy\pw XΩn-ep-ap≈ _‘-ß-fpsS k¥p-en-X-amb hnI-k\w em`m-[n-jvTnX kaq-l-Øn¬ Akm-[y-am-Wv. a\p-jy-cpsS AXn-Po-h-\-Øn\pw k¿Km-flI]tbm-K-Øn\pw CXv ASn-ÿm-\-L-S-I-hp-am-Wv. I®-h-S-kw-kvImcw tIc-f-Øns‚ ]cn-ÿn-Xnsb XI¿°p-∂p, kmaq-ln-I-_-‘-ßsf \in-∏n-°p-∂p, kwkvIm-csØ Po¿Wn-∏n-°p-∂p. Cu kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ P\m-[n-]-Xy-hn-I-k\ kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ B[m-c-L-S-I-amWv k¥p-en-Xm-h-ÿ.k¥p-en-Xm-h-ÿbv°v Xmsg-]-d-bp∂ LS-I-ß-fp-≠m-Ipw.

1. ]cn-ÿnXn k¥p-e\w: tIc-fo-b-cpsS `mhn-X-e-ap-d-Iƒ°v ÿnc-hm-khpw sXmgnepw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øm≥ Ign-bpI ]cn-ÿn-Xn-bp-sSbpw hn`-h-ß-fp-sSbpw ]p\-cp-÷o-hn-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv. (C-s√-¶n¬, tIcfwCt∏mƒ Xs∂ hr≤-k-Z-\-am-Ip-I-bm-Wv, ItaW AXpw C√m-Xm-Ipw.)

2. aX-Pm-Xn-t`-Z-an-√msX F√m-h¿°pw Xpeym-h-k-c-ßfpw Xpey-ambPohn-Xm-¥-co-£hpw kzX-¥-amb kaq-l-_-‘-ßfpw km-[y-ambA¥-co£w AXn-\m-h-iy-amWv (C-s√-¶n¬, kzXz-cm-jvSo-b-Øn-\-Sn-a-s∏´v tIcfw samØ-Øn¬ XI-cpw.)

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3. enwK-]-c-amb Xpey-Xbpw enwK-]-Z-hn-tbm-Sp≈ _lp-am-\hpw kvXo]p-cp-j-t`-Z-an-√mØ kmaqly Ah-k-c-ßfpw hy‡nXzkm£m¬°m-chpw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øm≥ Ign-b-Ww. (C-s√-¶n¬ \ne-hn-ep≈ ]pcp-jm-[n-]Xy Ima-sh-dn-b≥ kwkvImcw kvXoXz-sØbpw tIcf kaq-l-sØbpw \in-∏n-°pw)

4. \ΩpsS `mj-tbmSpw kwkvIm-c-tØmSpw Pohn-X-ssi-en-I-tfmSpw_lp-am-\hpw kzm`n-am-\-hp-ap≈ Db¿∂ kmwkvIm-cnI aqey-ßfpwP\m-[n-]Xy Ah-t_m-[hpw hf¿∂p-h-cWw (A-s√-¶n¬ tIc-fwk¶-c-kz-`m-h-ap≈ Hcp sskt°m-]m-XnIv kaq-l-am-bn-Xo-cpw.)

5. kz¥-amb sXmgn¬ kwkvIm-chpw kXy-k-‘-Xbpw A¿∏-W-t_m-[hpw kmaqly DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xzhpw GsXmcp ae-bm-fn-bp-sSbpw Pohn-X-cq-]-am-I-Ww (A-s√-¶n¬ tIm¿]-td‰v Kp≠-I-fp-sSbpw Z√m-fp-I-fp-sSbpw a‰p Inan-\-ep-I-fp-sSbpw \mSmIpw tIc-fw)

tIc-fsØ ImØn-cn-°p∂Xv c≠v kmwkvIm-cnI hgn-Øm-c-I-fm-Wv.ChXΩn¬ ka-\zbw km[y-a-√. AXp-sIm≠v P\m-[n-]-Xy-Ønepw kmaq-ly-]-cn-h¿Ø-\-Ønepw A[n-jvTn-X-amb hnI-k-\-cm-jvSobw sXc-s™-Sp-°m≥ kzmh-t_m-[-ap≈ F√m ae-bm-fnbpw Xøm-dm-I-Ww.

CØ-c-Øn¬ Df-f N¿®-Ifpw s]mXp ka-hm-b-ßfpw D≠m-°n-sb-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ kml-Ncyhpw Bfl-hn-izm-khpw D≠m°pI F∂Xm-Wv ""thWw as‰mcp tIcfw'' F∂ Imº-bn-\n-eqsS ]cn-jØv e£y-an-Sp-∂Xv.

Imº-bn≥ ]h¿Ø-\-߃

2011 \hw-_¿ 1 \v Bcw-`n®v 2013 ¬ ]cn-j-Øns‚ 50-˛mw hm¿jnIktΩ-f\w hsc \o≠p \n¬°p∂ Imsºbv≥ BWv Ct∏mƒ hn`m-h\w sNbvXn-´p-≈-Xv. Iym-º-bn-\ns‚ H∂mw -L-´-Øn¬ \mev- Im-cy-ß-fn¬ Du∂n-s°m-≠p≈ _lp-P-\-hn-Zym-`ymk ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fmWv e£y-an-Sp-∂-Xv.

H∂v, C∂sØ BtKmf˛ tZiob kml-N-cy-߃ IW-°n-se-SpØvtIc-f-Øns‚ `mhn apt∂-‰-Øn\v klm-b-I-amb imkvXo-bhpw ka-K-hp-amb Hcp hnI-k\\bw cq]-s∏-SpØp-I.

c≠v, CØcw Hcp \bsØ ASn-ÿm-\-am°n P\-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ hnhn-[-cw-K-ß-fn¬ \S∏m-t°≠ \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ°v cq]w-\¬Ip-I.

aq∂v, P\-Po-hn-XsØ ]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-°p∂ Imcy-ßsf ]mtZ-in-Im-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Is≠-Øm\pw CS-s]-Sm\pw ]cn-l-cn-°m\pw klm-b-I-am-Ipw-hn[w imkvX-Øns‚ ]tbm-KsØ P\-ß-fn¬ FØn-°p-

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I; Adn-hns\ IqSp-X¬ P\-Io-b-h¬°-cn-°p-I.

\mev, Chsb ]c-kv]cw _‘-s∏-SpØn tIc-f-Øns‚ s]mXp t_m[-a-fi-e-Øns‚ `mK-am-°p-Ibpw ]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ P\ßfpsS -]-¶m-fnØw Dd-∏m-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I.

aps∂m-cp-°-߃

tIc-f-Øns‚ hnI-k-\sØ Ipdn-®p≈ ]cn-jØv \ne-]m-Sp-IfpwImsºbvs‚ Bh-iy-I-Xbpw apgp-h≥ ]h¿Ø-I¿°pw t_m[y-s∏-SpIF∂-XmWv BZy-ambn th≠-Xv. CXn\v hnhn[ Xe-Øn-ep≈ IqSn-t®-c-ep-Iƒ \S-°-Ww.

taJem inev]-im-e-Iƒ

taJem ]h¿Ø-I-tbm-K-߃ inev]-im-e-I-fm-bmWv \S-tØ-≠Xv. Imsºbv≥ hni-Zmw-i-߃ N¿® sNbvXv kzmwio-I-cn-°epwtaJem ]h¿Ø-\-߃ cp]-s∏-Sp-ØepamWv Cu inev]-im-e-I-fn¬\S-t°-≠-Xv. taJ-e-bnse kPo-h-amb apgp-h≥ ]h¿Ø-I-tcbpw ]s¶-Sp-∏n-°m≥ ]tXyIw i≤n-°-Ww. Imsº-bv\n¬ _‘n-∏n-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ ap≥Ime ]h¿Ø-tcbpw tbmK-Øn-tebv°v £Wn-°-Ww. HmtcmtaJ-e-bnepw Pn√m-Np-a-X-e-°-cpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ IqSn-bn-cp∂v inev]-im-e-Iƒ ap≥Iq´n IrXy-amb Bkq-XWw sNø-Ww.

dntkmgvkv Kq∏v ]cn-io-e\w

Imsºbv≥ kw_-‘n® hni-Zmw-i-߃ taJ-em-X-e-Øn¬ N¿® sNøp-∂-Xn\v t\XrXzw \¬Ip-∂-h¿°p≈ Hcp Znh-ksØ kwÿm\ Xe]cn-io-e\w HIvtSm-_¿ 2 \v \mev ¢Ã-dp-I-fnembn \S-°pw.

Pn√m kwLm-SI kanXn

Imsºbv≥ ]h¿Ø-\-߃°v t\XrXzw \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\mbn HcpkwLm-SI kanXn F√m Pn√m-I-fnepw cq]o-I-cn-°-Ww. kwL-S-\bv°v]pd-Øp-≈-h-sc-°pSn ]s¶-Sp-∏n-®p-sIm≠v IqSp∂ kwL-S-I-kanXn cq]o-I-cW tbmK-Øn¬ Imsºbvs‚ Bi-b-X-ehpw ]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw hni-Z-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-Ww. kwLm-SI kan-Xn°v Hcp sNb¿t]-gvk¨,sshkv sNb¿t]-gvk¨, P\-d¬ I¨ho-\¿, Npcp-ßn-bXv 8 I¨ho-\¿am¿ F∂o- `m-c-hm-ln-Iƒ D≠m-I-Ww. I¨ho-\¿am¿°v Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ ]tXyI Npa-Xe \¬I-Ww. 1. skan-\m¿, 2. taJem Xe-Øn¬\S-°p∂ ]tXyI ]h¿Ø-\-߃, 3. Iem-Pm-Y, 4. ]pkvX-I-˛-e-Lp-

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teJm ]Nm-c-Ww., 5. Krl-k-µ¿i\w ˛ P\-k-`, N¿®m-¢m- p-Iƒ, 6.]Z-bmX, taJ-e-˛-Pn√m A\p-_‘ PmY-Iƒ 8. ]Nm-c-Ww.

I¨ho-\¿am¿ P\-d¬ I¨ho-\¿ F∂n-h¿ Dƒs∏-sS 10 AwK-߃ D≈ Imsºbv≥ sk¬ F√m Pn√-I-fnepw cq]o-I-cn-°-Ww. ssZ\w-Zn\ ]h¿Ø-߃ tamWn-´¿ sNbvXv apt∂m-´p -sIm-≠pt]mtI≠-XvCu sk¬ BWv.

taJem kzmK-X-kwLw

Isºbvs‚ taJ-em-Xe DZvLm-S\w \hw:1\mWv \S-t°-≠-Xv.CXn\p apt∂m-Sn-bmbn F√m-ta-J-e-I-fnepw kzmK-X-kwLw cq]o-I-cn-°-Ww. DZvLm-S-\hpw XpS¿∂v ]Z-bmX Ignbpw hsc-bp≈ ]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw Cu kzmKX kwL-Øns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn-emWv \S-t°-≠-Xv. kzmK-X-kwL cq]o-I-cW tbmK-Øn-tebv°v cmjvSob ]m¿´nIƒ, bph-P\kwL-S-\-Iƒ, tSUv bqWn-b-\p-Iƒ, k¿∆okv kwL-S-\-Iƒ, ]uc-]-ap-J¿, P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ, IpSpw-_-io-]-h¿Ø-I¿, kv°qƒ ]n. -Sn. F]Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ XpSßn F√m-hn-`mKw P\-ß-tfbpw £Wn-°-Ww. kvXo]-¶m-fnØw D≠m-Im≥ ]tXyIw i≤n-bvI-Ww. kvXoIƒ°pIpSn ]s¶-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ hn[w tbmK-k-abw Iao-I-cn-°-Ww. tbmK-Øn¬Imsºbv≥ kw_-‘n®pw taJe Gs‰-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂ ]mtZ-inI hnI-k\ ]iv\sØ kw_-‘n®pw Ah-X-cWw \S-Ø-Ww.

kwÿm\ DZvLm-S\w

Imº-bns‚ Hu]-Nm-cnI DZvLm-S\w HIvtSm-_¿ 31 \v sshIo´v3 \v Xr»q¿ kmlnXy A°m-Zan lmfn¬ \S-°pw. kaq-l-Ønse hnhn[taJ-e-I-fnse ]ap-Jsc ]s¶-Sp-∏n®v \S-Øp∂ DZvLm-S\ tbmK-Øn¬Xr»q¿ Pn√-bn¬ \n∂pw kao] Pn√-I-fn¬ \n∂pw ]c-am-h[n ]¶m-fnØw Dd-∏m-°-Ww. a‰p Pn√-I-fn¬ \n∂v Ipd-™Xv 10 t]¿ hoXw]s¶-Sp-°-Ww.

taJem DZvLm-S\w

\hw-_¿ 1\v F√m taJ-e-I-fnepw taJem DZvLm-S\w \S-°-Ww. DZvLm-S\ tbmK-Øn¬ c≠v A-h-X-c-W-߃ \S-°-Ww. Imsºbv≥kw_-‘n® s]mXp Ah-X-c-W-hpw, taJe Gs‰-Sp-Øn-cn -bv°p∂]tXyI hnj-b-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Ah-X-c-Whpw. tbmK-Øn¬ ]c-am-h[n P\-]-¶m-fnØw Dd-∏m-°-Ww. kmaq-ly, kmwkv°m-cn-I, kmlnXycwKsØ ]ap-J¿, imkvX-⁄¿ F∂n-h-cn-em-sc-sb-¶nepw DZvLm-S-\-Øn-\mbn Is≠-Ø-Ww. Iem-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ kmwkv°m-cnI kwK-aw,

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]Z¿i-\w, XpSßn km[y-X-Iƒ ]c-am-h[n ]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØn DZvLm-S\ ktΩ-f\w ]uV-Kw-`o-c-am-°m≥ ian-°-Ww. hn]p-e-amb ]N-mcWw\S-°-Ww. tIc-f-∏n-dhn Zn\-Øn¬ as‰m-cp -tI-c-f-Øns‚ Bh-iy-IXhym]-I-ambn N¿® sNø-s∏-S-Ø-°-hn[w taJ-e-bnse G‰hpw it≤b]cn-]m-Sn-bm-°n-am-‰m≥ IgnbWw.

]mtZ-inI ]-T\ ]h¿Ø\w

Hmtcm taJ-ebpw AXmXp ]tZ -iØv ]k-‡-sa∂ptXm∂p∂ Hcp hnj-bsØ ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-SpØn Imsºbv≥ kwL-Sn-∏n-°-Ww. hnj-b-Øns‚ kz`m-h-a-\p-k-cn®v hnh-c-ti-J-cWw, ]T\wF∂nh Imsºbvs‚ apt∂m-Sn-bmbn \S-tØ≠n ht∂-°mw. ]cn-ÿn-Xn, BtcmKyw, hnZym-`ymkw, kwkvImcw XpSßnb taJ-e-I-fnse]iv\-ßsf ap≥\n¿Øn-bm-bn-cn-°Ww Imsº-bv≥ Xocpam\n-t°-≠-Xv. tIc-f-Øn¬ \ne-\n¬°p∂ hnI-k-\-Øns‚ ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ Nq≠n-°m -Wn -b v°m\pw _Z¬ \n¿t± -i -߃ cq] -s∏ -Sp -tØ-≠-Xns‚]m[m\yw P\-ßsf t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm\pw Cu Imsº-bn-\n-eqsSIgn-b-Ww. Imsºbv≥ \S-°p∂ taJ-e-bnse Nne Ah-ÿ-IƒNq≠n-°m-Wn-®p -sIm-≠mbn-cn-°-Ww P\-ß-fp-ambn kwh-Zn-t°-≠Xv.CXn\p ]e- L-S-I-߃ D≠v. skan-\m¿, N¿®m-¢m- p-Iƒ, ]Nm-c-W-Pm-Y, Krl-k-µ¿i-\w, kwhm-Zw, ho´p-ap-‰-¢m- p-Iƒ XpS-ßn-bh.CXn¬ Krl-µ¿i-\w, kwhm-Zw, ho´p-ap-‰-¢m-kp-Iƒ F∂nh \n¿_-‘-ambpw Dƒs∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. CtXm-S-\p-_-‘n®v ]pkvXI ]Nm-c-Ww,taJ-em-Xe Iem-PmY XpS-ßnb ]cn-]m-Sn -Ifpw kwL-Sn -∏n -°-mw.Imsº-bn\p apt∂m-Sn-bmbn t\csØ kqNn-∏n-®-Xp-t]mse Bh-iy-amb ]T-\hpw hnh-c-ti-J-c-Whpw \S-Ø-Ww. Imsº-bn≥ GsX-¶nepw Ipd-®p- bq-Wn-‰p-Iƒ tIµo-I-cn-®p≈ ]iv\-ßsf ap≥\n¿Øn-bm-sW-¶nepw apgp-h≥ bqWn-‰p-I-fnepw AXns‚ s]mXp-hm-bp≈]iv\-߃ N¿® sNø-Ww. sXcs™-Sp-°p∂ taJ-e-I-fn¬ H∂v-˛-H-∂c h¿jw \o≠p-\n¬°p∂ Bg-Øn-ep≈ CS-s]-S¬ BWv \S-tØ-≠-Xv. CXn-\p≈ aps∂m-cp-°hpw XpS°]h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-amWvImsºbvs‚ BZy-L´Øn¬ \St°≠Xv. hnjb kan-Xn-I-fmWvC°m-cy-Øn¬ taJ-e-Isf klm-bn-t°-≠-Xv.

skan-\m-dp-Iƒ

Imsº-bv\n¬ D∂-bnbv-°p∂ hnhn[ hnj-b-߃ kw_-‘n®vskan-\m-dp-Iƒ \S-Ø-Ww. 14 Pn√-I-fn-embn 16 skan-\m-dp-I-fmWv Xocp-am-\n-®n-´p-≈-Xv. skan-\m-dp-Iƒ°p apt∂m-Sn-bmbn B hn-j-b-Øn¬hnZvKv[-cmbhsc ]s¶-Sp-∏n-®p-sIm-≠p≈ h¿°vtjm∏p-Iƒ kwL-Sn-∏n-

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bv°-Ww. Hmtcm Pn√-bnepw \S-t°-≠ -sk-an-\m-dp-Iƒ kw_-‘n® hnh-c-߃ Xmsg sImSp-°p-∂p.

Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw `qhn-\n-tbmKw,imkvX-]-T-\hpw Kth-j-Whpw

sIm√w ]m¿∏nSw]Ø-\w-Xn´ aZy D]-t`mKwBe-∏pg BtcmKywtIm´bw `mjm kwkvImcwCSp°n h\-B-hmk hyhÿFd-Wm-Ipfw \K-c-h¬°-cWw,

tIc-f-Ønse kq£va ]cn-ÿnXnXriq¿ KXm-KXw]me-°mSv lcnX kmt¶-XnI hnZyae-∏pdw hntI-µo-I-cWwtImgn-t°mSv P‚¿hb-\mSv BZn-hmkn kaql ]iv\-߃IÆq¿ hnZym-`ym-khpw sXmgnepwImk¿tImUv Irjn

ho´p-ap‰ ¢m p-Iƒ

ho´p-ap‰ ¢m p-Iƒ ^e-]-Z-amb Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-co-Xn-bm-Wv.GsX-¶nepw ho´p-ap-‰Øv \S-°p∂ ¢m n-tebv°v Np‰p-ap≈ hoSp-I-fnseAwK-ßsf £Wn-bv°p-∂p. taJ-em-XeØn¬ sXc-s™-Sp-Øn-´p≈hnj-bsØ A[n-I-cn®v As√-¶n¬ \m´n¬ A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp hnj-bsØ tIµo-I-cn®v ¢m v XpS-ßmw. AXn-eqsS tIcf hnI-k\hpambn_‘-s∏´v \ΩpsS A`n-]m-b-Øn-tebv°v FØ-Ww. ¢m p-Iƒ GI-] -£o -b -ambnt∏mIm -Xn -c n -°m≥ i≤n -b v°-Ww. ]iv\ -ßsfDb¿Øn°mWn-°¬ amX-a-√, as‰mcp tIcfw km[y-am-sW-∂p≈ip`m]vXn hnizmkw D≠m-°n-sb-Sp-°epw ][m-\-am-Wv.

Krl-k-µ¿i-\w

Krl-k-µ¿i\w \s√mcp Bib ]NmcW D]m-[n-bm-Wv. AXp-am-X-a√ AXns‚ t\´w. hoSv Ib-d-W-sa-¶n¬ ]Tn-°-Ww. Imcy-߃ho´p-Im-cp-ambn N¿® sNbvXv ]c-kv]cw a\- n-em-°-Ww, kzbw Dƒs°m-≈-Ww. AsXmcp kzbw hnZym-`ym-k-hpw IqSn-bmWv. CXv \S-t°-≠Xvbq\n-‰v-X-e-Øn¬, ]mtZ-inIambn-´m-bn-cn-°-Ww F∂v ]d-tb-≠-Xn-√-t√m. CXv ]W-s®-e-hp≈ Hcp ]h¿Ø-\-a-√. F∂m¬ Bi-b-]-c-ambn

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Ht´sd t\´-ß-fp≈Xm-Wv. ]pkvXI/ eLp-teJ ]N-cWw hgn kmº-ØnIw Is≠-Øp-I-bp-am-hmw. eLp-te-J-Iƒ hmbn®v N¿®-sNbvXc≠vaq∂v t]cmWv hoSp-Iƒ Ib-td-≠-Xv. bph-P-\-߃, hnZym¿Yn-IƒF∂n-h-cpsS ]¶m-fnØw Dd-∏m-°-Ww. kvXoIƒ°v h¿≤n® ]cn-K-W\\¬I-Ww. Hcp bqWn-‰n¬ Npcp-ßn-bXv 100 hoSp-Iƒ kµ¿in-°-Ww.

P\-kw-hm-Zw ˛ P\-k`

hnI-k\ Imsº-bv\n-eqsS \mw D∂-bnbv°p∂ Bi-b-߃F√m ]©m-bØv/ap≥kn-∏¬ ]tZ-i-ß-fn-tebpw ][m\ hy‡nIfp-ambn \n¿_-‘-ambpw N¿® sNø-Ww. CXn-\mbn ]©m-b-Ønse Bi-b-cq-]o-I-c-W-Øn\v t\XrXzw \¬Ip∂ s]mXp ]h¿Ø-I¿, _p≤n-Po-hn-Iƒ F∂nhcpsS tbmK-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n®v N¿®bv°p hnt[-b-am-°-Ww. CXn-\mbn F√m ]©m-b-Øp-I-fnepw ta¬∏-d™ hn`m-K-Øn¬s∏´ Npcp-ßn-bXv 30 ˛ 40 t]cpsS P\-k` hnfn®p tN¿°-Ww.

N¿®m-¢m- p-Iƒ

Imsºbv≥ hnj-b-߃ hmb-\m-im-e-Iƒ, ¢∫p-Iƒ, IpSpw-_io, Ab¬°q-´-߃, tImtf-Pp-Iƒ F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn-se-√mw- N¿®bv°phnt[-b-am-°-Ww. N¿®-Iƒ°p t\XrXzw sImSp-t°-≠-hsc ap≥Iq´nXocp-am-\n-°-Ww.

P\-Iob Ne-®n-tXm-’-h-߃

Imsº-bv\n¬ \mw D∂-bn-bv°p∂ hnj-b-߃ ]Xn-]m-Zn-bv°p∂^o®¿ ^nen-ap-Iƒ, tUmIyp-sa‚-dn-Iƒ F∂nh e`y-am-Wv. AXp-]-tbm-Kn®v taJem ^nenw ¢∫p-I-fpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Ign-bp-∂X ÿe-ß-fn¬ Ne-®n-tXm-’-h-߃ kwL-Sn-∏n-°-Ww.

]pkvXI ˛ eLp-teJm ]Nm-c-Ww

]cn-j-Øns‚ F√m Imsº-bv\p-I-fp-tSbpw ][m\ LS-I-amWv]pkvXI ]Nm-c-Ww. Cu h¿jw sk]vXw-_¿ ˛ HIvtSm_¿ amk-ß-fn¬ \S-°p∂ ck-X¥h≠n apX¬ ]Z-bmX Ah-km-\n-bv°p∂ P\p-hcn 30 hsc-bp≈ Ime-b-fn-hn¬ Hmtcm taJ-ebpw Hcp e£w cq]-bpsS ]pkvXI ]Nm-cWw \S-Ø-W-sa-∂mWv Xocp-am-\n-®n-´p-≈-Xv. ck-X-¥-h-≠n, Krl-k-µ¿i-\w, Iem-Pm-Y, ]Z-bmXm kzoI-cWw XpSßnF√m ]h¿Ø-\-ßfpambn _‘-s∏´pw ]pkvXI ]Nm-cW km[yX]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.

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Iem-PmY

Imsº-bv\p-ambn _‘-s∏´v \S-°p∂ ]Z-bmXbv°p apt∂m-Sn-bmbn ]Z-bmX IS∂p t]mImØ taJ-e-Isf _‘-s∏-SpØn Iem-PmY kwL-Sn-∏n-°-W-sa∂p Xocp-am-\n-®p. Ign-bp-∂Xpw sNe-hp-Ip-d™sXcphp \mSI coXn-bn-ep≈ Iem-PmYbmWv kwL-Sn-∏n-t°-≠-Xv. ct≠m˛ aqt∂m Pn√-I-sf, _‘n-∏n®psIm≠v kwÿm-\Øv 4 ˛ 5 PmY-Iƒ\hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿ amk-ß-fn¬ \S-Ø-Ww. CXns‚ aps∂m-cp°]h¿Ø-\-߃˛ kvIn]v‰v Iymºv, ]cn-io-e\w F∂nh HIvtSm-_¿˛\hw-_¿ BZyw ]q¿Øn-bm-I-Ww. ]Z-bm-X-tbm-sSm-∏hpw Hcp Iem-kw-Lw k©-cn-°pw. PmY-sb-Øp-∂-Xn\p apºmbn Iem-kw-Lw,kwKoX inev]w, sNdp kvIn‰p-Iƒ F∂nh Ah-X-cn-∏n-°pw.

]Nm-cWw

Imsºbv\v hen-b-tXm-Xn¬ ]Nm-cWw \S-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. Nph-sc-gp-Øv, t]mÿ, _m\¿, t\m´o-kv, Kma-]Xw XpS-ßn-b-hbv°p ]pdsataJem PmY-Iƒ, ]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ tIµo-I-cn®v hnfw-_c PmY-Iƒ,C‚¿s\‰v hgn-bp≈ ]Nm-c-W-߃, Sn. hn., a‰p ]Xam[y-a-߃ hgn-bp≈ ]Nm-c-W-߃ XpS-ßn-bh ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.

]Z-bmX

Imsºbvs‚ H∂mw-L´w kwÿm\ Xe-Øn-ep≈ c≠p ]Z-bm-X-I-tfm-sS-bmWv kam-]n-bv°p-∂-Xv. sX°v Xncp-h-\¥]pc-Øp- \n∂pwhS°v Im™-ßm´p \n∂pw Bcw-`n-bv°p∂ ]ZbmX Fd-Wm-Ipfw Pn√-bnse Bep-hm-bn¬ kam-]n-bv°pw. ]Z-bmX h≥hn-P-b-am°n Xo¿°m≥apgp-h≥ ]cnjXv ]h¿Ø-Icpw cwK-Øn-d-ß-Ww. 15 Znhkw \S-°m≥Ign-bp-∂-hsc t\csØ Xs∂ Is≠Øn Dd-∏m-°-Ww. Hmtcm Pn√-bn¬ \n∂pw Ipd-™Xv 10 t]¿ hoXw. Ipd®p Znhkw amXw \S-°m≥Ign-bp∂h¿, Hcp Znhkw amXw \S-°p-∂-h¿ F∂n-hsc enÃv sNbvXvZnhkw Xocp-am-\n®p \¬IWw ˛ F√m Znh-khpw ]Z-bm-X-bn¬ 300\pw 500 \pw at[y AwK-߃ D≠m-hp-sa∂v Dd∏p hcp-Ø-Ww. CXn¬Npcp-ßn-bXv 50 t]sc-¶nepw kvXoI-fm-bn-cn-°-Ww.PmYmwKß-fpsS cPn-kvtS-j≥ \hw-_¿ 30 \v apºv ]q¿Øn-bm-°-Ww. Hcp Znhkw ]Z-bm-Xbv°v Npcp-ßn-bXv 4 kzoI-cW tIµ-ß-fmWv D≠m-hp-I. Znhkwicm-icn 20 Intem-ao-‰¿ \S-°pw. ]Z-bmX BI¿j-Wo-b-am-°m\pws]men-∏n-°m-\p-ap≈ am¿§-߃ Is≠-Ø-Ww. t\csØ kqNn-∏n-®-Xp-t]mse ]Z-bm-X-tbm-sSm-∏w Hcp sNdp Iem Sow D≠m-Ipw.

Znhk kam-]\ tIµ-ß-fn¬ ]Z-bmX FØp-∂-Xn\p aptº

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]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ Bcw-`n-bv°mw. ]Z-bm-X-bn¬ DS-\ofw ]I-S-am-tI≠ aqUv(`mhw) ip`m]vXn hnizm-k-Øn-t‚Xpw I¿tΩm-’p-I-X-bp-tS-Xp-am-I-Ww.as‰mcp tIcfw sI´n-∏-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bpsa∂ Bfl-hn-izmkw ]Zm\wsNøm≥ Ign-b-Ww.

]Z-bmX kzoI-cW tIµ-ß-fn¬ ]tXyI kzmKX kwLw]h¿Øn-°-Ww. A\p-_‘ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ, ]pkvXI ]Nm-cWw F∂nh\S-°-Ww. kzoI-cW tIµ-߃°p kao-]-ap≈ apgp-h≥ hoSp-Ifpwkµ¿in-°-Ww. D® tIµ-Øn¬ D®-`-£Ww, Znhk kam-]\ tIµ-Øn¬ AØmgw, Xmak kuIcyw, ]nt‰∂v cmhn-esØ `£Ww F∂nhDd-∏m-°-Ww. a‰p tIµ-ß-fn¬ Nmbbpw eLp `£-Whpw \¬I-Ww.

s]m^. Sn. ]n. Ip™n-°Æ≥, Sn. KwKm-[-c≥ F∂n-h¿ PmYmIym]v‰≥am-cmbn ]h¿Ønbv°pw.

]Z-bmX Cu Imº-bn-\nse ][m\ ]Nm-cW ]h¿Ø-\-am-Wv. AXv h≥hn-P-b-am°n Xo¿°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ IrXy-amb aps∂m-cp-°-߃ \S-Ø-Ww. Pn√-bnse kzoI-cW tIµ-ßsf samØ-ambn I≠v]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw Npa-X-e-Ifpw Xocp-am-\n-°-Ww . ]Z-bmX kzoI-cWwAXv IS∂p t]mIp∂ taJ-e-I-fpsS amXw ]cn-]m-Sn-bmbn amd-cp-Xv.

]Z-bmXm DZvLm-S-\hpw ˛ kam-]-\hpw

]Z-bm-X-I-fpsS DZvLm-S\w Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cØpw Im™-ßm´pw\S-°pw. Ccp ]Z-bm-X-Ifpw P\p-hcn 30\v Bep-hm-bn¬ kam-]n-bv°pw.DZvLm-S\ ˛ kam-]\ tIµ-ß-fn¬ ]c-am-h[n ]h¿Ø-Isc ]s¶-Sp-∏n-°-Ww. ]apJ hy‡n-Isf tbmK-ß-fn¬ _‘n-∏n-°-Ww. CXn-\mbn]tXyI kzmKX kwL-߃ AXXp tIµ-ß-fn¬ cq]o-I-cn-°-Ww.

thWw as‰mcp tIcfwImsºbv≥ ssI]p-kvXIw ˛ I

tIcf imkvX-km-lnXy ]cn-jØv