Campus Safety and Campus Safety and Security AuditSecurity Audit

Texas School Safety CenterTexas School Safety Center

Center for Safe Communities and SchoolsCenter for Safe Communities and Schools

Texas State University-San MarcosTexas State University-San Marcos

What is the district’s responsibility to be What is the district’s responsibility to be in compliance with in compliance with TEC § 37.108

The district is responsible for the implementation of The district is responsible for the implementation of a security audit as required by Subsection a security audit as required by Subsection (b).(b).

(b)(b) At least once every three years, a school At least once every three years, a school district shall conduct a security audit of the district shall conduct a security audit of the district's facilities. To the extent possible, a district's facilities. To the extent possible, a district shall follow security audit procedures district shall follow security audit procedures developed by the Texas School Safety Center developed by the Texas School Safety Center or a comparable public or private entity.or a comparable public or private entity.

(c)(c) A school district shall report the results of the A school district shall report the results of the security audit conducted under Subsection security audit conducted under Subsection (b)(b) to the district's board of trustees. to the district's board of trustees.

What does the Texas School What does the Texas School Safety Center do?Safety Center do?

§ 37.207. MODEL SAFETY AND SECURITY AUDIT § 37.207. MODEL SAFETY AND SECURITY AUDIT PROCEDURE. The center shall develop a model safety and PROCEDURE. The center shall develop a model safety and security audit procedure for use by school districts that includes: security audit procedure for use by school districts that includes:

(1) providing each district with guidelines and a training video (1) providing each district with guidelines and a training video showing proper audit procedures;showing proper audit procedures;

(2) reviewing each district audit, providing the results of the (2) reviewing each district audit, providing the results of the review to the district, and making recommendations for review to the district, and making recommendations for improvements based on the audit; and improvements based on the audit; and

(3) incorporating the findings of district audits in a statewide (3) incorporating the findings of district audits in a statewide report on school safety made available by the center to the report on school safety made available by the center to the public. public.

Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 923, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 923, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2001.

Additional RequirementsAdditional Requirements

The Texas School Safety Center will The Texas School Safety Center will collect datacollect data from School Safety and from School Safety and Security Audits, as well as Security Audits, as well as documentation documentation of drillsof drills conducted yearly as part of the conducted yearly as part of the Texas Homeland Security Strategic Plan Texas Homeland Security Strategic Plan developed by the Governor’s office.developed by the Governor’s office.

THE TEXAS HOMELAND SECURITY STRATEGIC PLAN: 2005-2010

4. STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 2.4: ENHANCE THE SAFETY OF SCHOOLS IN TEXAS.

The Texas School Safety Center will:

2.4.1. Provide schools with a web-based tool to conduct vulnerability self-assessments and meet security audit requirements.

2.4.2. Provide schools with a web-based emergency operations planning tool to develop school safety and emergency response plans.

2.4.3. Develop a train-the-trainer program to educate school officials on homeland security-related school safety.2.4.4. Ensure schools participate in drills and all-hazards exercises.

Purpose of a Safety and Security Audit

The purpose of the audit is to work with The purpose of the audit is to work with schools to schools to identify safety and security identify safety and security practicespractices, , policies and needspolicies and needs on a campus on a campus and to and to make recommendationsmake recommendations to help the to help the school create the safest environment school create the safest environment possible for students.possible for students.

Purpose of the Audit

To improve academic achievement by providing a safe environment for learning

To protect students and staff from accidental or intentional injury

To gather data for use in the school’s campus plan and emergency operations plan

Things to considerThings to consider

This process should do no harmThis process should do no harm Must be an honest evaluationMust be an honest evaluation Should commend what is goodShould commend what is good Should include clear communicationShould include clear communication Will allow participants the opportunity to Will allow participants the opportunity to

learn about school safetylearn about school safety

On-site VisitOn-site Visit

The audit team should The audit team should scheduleschedule an on-site an on-site visit with the building principal in advance.visit with the building principal in advance.

The team should meet in advance to The team should meet in advance to determine rolesdetermine roles and responsibilities. and responsibilities.

Allow one to two days to conduct the visit.Allow one to two days to conduct the visit. During the visit, team members should During the visit, team members should

follow checklistsfollow checklists to ensure that all to ensure that all components of the audit are addressed. components of the audit are addressed.

On-site VisitOn-site Visit

It may be efficient to It may be efficient to divide portionsdivide portions of the of the audit between team members:audit between team members:

One member surveys the exterior One member surveys the exterior elements and transportationelements and transportation

One member surveys the interior elementsOne member surveys the interior elements One member conducts intruder evaluation One member conducts intruder evaluation

and interviews staffand interviews staff One member assesses documents/dataOne member assesses documents/data

On-site Visit PreparationOn-site Visit Preparation

Prior to the visit, ask the principal to:Prior to the visit, ask the principal to:

Assemble the necessary documents for Assemble the necessary documents for review (listed on page 10 of the audit tool)review (listed on page 10 of the audit tool)

Complete the teacher/staff and parent Complete the teacher/staff and parent surveyssurveys

Complete the student surveys with a Complete the student surveys with a sampling of studentssampling of students

Key Sections of Audit ProcessKey Sections of Audit Process

The InteriorThe Interior The ExteriorThe Exterior School Climate and CultureSchool Climate and Culture Documents/DataDocuments/Data

Getting Started…Getting Started…Entrance ConferenceEntrance Conference

The audit team should meet with staff that The audit team should meet with staff that represent a cross-section of school represent a cross-section of school personnel. This group might include:personnel. This group might include:

An administratorAn administrator A teacherA teacher A school law enforcement officerA school law enforcement officer A food service and custodial staff memberA food service and custodial staff member Any other members the campus selectsAny other members the campus selects

Entrance Conference QuestionsEntrance Conference Questions

What is the most pressing safety need on What is the most pressing safety need on this campus?this campus?

What school safety activities does your What school safety activities does your school do best?school do best?

What topics are most important for training What topics are most important for training and staff development?and staff development?

What are the biggest barriers to improving What are the biggest barriers to improving school safety measures?school safety measures?

Entrance Conference QuestionsEntrance Conference Questions

What kinds of problems are you most What kinds of problems are you most likely to deal with on this campus?likely to deal with on this campus?

What types of things may cause a student What types of things may cause a student to be fearful at this school?to be fearful at this school?

What other factors not included in this What other factors not included in this survey do you believe affect school survey do you believe affect school safety?safety?

Assessment of School and Assessment of School and Neighborhood Risk FactorsNeighborhood Risk Factors

VandalismVandalism High Student MobilityHigh Student Mobility GraffitiGraffiti Gang ActivityGang Activity Crime Crime PovertyPoverty Adjudicated studentsAdjudicated students

TrespassingTrespassing Withdrawal of Withdrawal of

students (safety)students (safety) Child abuse (home)Child abuse (home) Effective student-staff Effective student-staff

relationshipsrelationships High expectations for High expectations for

student learning student learning

Risk Factors ContinuedRisk Factors Continued

Collaboration with community resourcesCollaboration with community resources Acceptance of diversityAcceptance of diversity Student support servicesStudent support services Truancy/AttendanceTruancy/Attendance Weapons, drugs, or alcoholWeapons, drugs, or alcohol Fights, conflicts, assaultsFights, conflicts, assaults Bullying, intimidation, harassmentBullying, intimidation, harassment

Assessment of Neighborhood Assessment of Neighborhood Risk FactorsRisk Factors

Activity:Activity:

In a group, make a list of the risk factors that In a group, make a list of the risk factors that you feel are most important in your district you feel are most important in your district and/or school.and/or school.

5 minutes5 minutes

Share with groupShare with group

DocumentsDocuments

Emergency Operations PlanEmergency Operations Plan Floor Plan of Facility Floor Plan of Facility Site Plan of FacilitySite Plan of Facility Phone Locations and NumbersPhone Locations and Numbers Emergency Staff Contact ProtocolEmergency Staff Contact Protocol Aerial Photograph (if available)Aerial Photograph (if available)

Documents ContinuedDocuments Continued

Incident Analysis ReportIncident Analysis Report Student Code of ConductStudent Code of Conduct Campus Discipline Referral DataCampus Discipline Referral Data Student/Staff ID (policy)Student/Staff ID (policy) Campus Improvement PlanCampus Improvement Plan Safety Survey ResultsSafety Survey Results Visitor Policy/ProceduresVisitor Policy/Procedures

Visitor Policy/ProceduresVisitor Policy/Procedures

Visitor policy/procedure Visitor policy/procedure signs are postedsigns are posted and visible at all entrance doors.and visible at all entrance doors.

Access is limited to Access is limited to one main entryone main entry if if possible. possible.

Visitors are required to sign in and Visitors are required to sign in and show show valid IDvalid ID..

Visitors are required to wear Visitors are required to wear visible, dated visible, dated identificationidentification. .

SurveysSurveys Teacher/Staff SurveyTeacher/Staff Survey Student SurveyStudent Survey Parent SurveyParent Survey InterviewsInterviews

Look for patterns in responses to questions.Look for patterns in responses to questions.

DO PEOPLE FEEL SAFE AT THIS SCHOOL?DO PEOPLE FEEL SAFE AT THIS SCHOOL?Why or Why not?Why or Why not?

Floor PlansFloor Plans

Group Activity: Generate List Group Activity: Generate List

What should be listed on the floor plan What should be listed on the floor plan document? document?

Floor PlansFloor Plans

Floor plans should be detailed enough so Floor plans should be detailed enough so that a first responder who has never that a first responder who has never entered the building can find his/her way entered the building can find his/her way around the building.around the building.

Floor plans must include all information Floor plans must include all information that can affect the safety of students.that can affect the safety of students.

Site PlansSite Plans

Group Activity: Generate List Group Activity: Generate List

What should be listed on the site plan What should be listed on the site plan document? document?

Walk-through of Site (Exterior)Walk-through of Site (Exterior)

Grounds and Building Exterior Grounds and Building Exterior Buses and Parking Buses and Parking Play/Outdoor Recreation Areas Play/Outdoor Recreation Areas Building AccessBuilding Access

Walk-through of Site Walk-through of Site

Walk-through of Building Walk-through of Building (Interior)(Interior)

VisibilityVisibility Adequate lightingAdequate lighting Doors lockDoors lock Access to classrooms controlledAccess to classrooms controlled Access to hazards controlledAccess to hazards controlled LockersLockers Building in good repairBuilding in good repair

Walk-through of BuildingWalk-through of Building

Use a digital camera to photograph both Use a digital camera to photograph both positive and negative findingspositive and negative findings

Science Laboratory: Science Laboratory: What are we looking for?What are we looking for?

Material Safety Data Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Sheet (MSDS)

FlammablesFlammables Corrosive AcidsCorrosive Acids Mercury on siteMercury on site Goggles/Aprons/GlovesGoggles/Aprons/Gloves Fire extinguisherFire extinguisher Labeled containersLabeled containers Appropriate containersAppropriate containers

Locked StorageLocked Storage Eye and body washEye and body wash Master shut offs for Master shut offs for

water, electricity, and gaswater, electricity, and gas Fire blanket (HS)Fire blanket (HS) Dry chemical fire Dry chemical fire

extinguisher (HS)extinguisher (HS) Second emergency exitSecond emergency exit First Aid KitFirst Aid Kit

Other Considerations for LabsOther Considerations for Labs

Texas Hazardous Communication Act Texas Hazardous Communication Act 1.1. Posting of Hazcom ActPosting of Hazcom Act2.2. Provide training for all staff and students on Provide training for all staff and students on

safetysafety3.3. Properly labeling chemicalsProperly labeling chemicals

Environmental Protection Agency recommends Environmental Protection Agency recommends that mercury is not present on school campusesthat mercury is not present on school campuses

Telephone/Intercom system should be present in Telephone/Intercom system should be present in every chemical labevery chemical lab

Other Considerations for LabsOther Considerations for Labs

Ground Fault Circuit InterrupterGround Fault Circuit Interrupter ( (GFCI) electrical GFCI) electrical outlets outlets

Forced air ventilation Forced air ventilation Broken glass containerBroken glass container Sink with hot water Sink with hot water Emergency procedures postedEmergency procedures posted Exit signs visibleExit signs visible Safety symbols posted Safety symbols posted Fume Hood (H.S.) Fume Hood (H.S.) Safety Shower (H.S.)Safety Shower (H.S.)

School Climate and CultureSchool Climate and Culture

Then Now

School Climate and CultureSchool Climate and Culture

Look for clues in signageLook for clues in signage Converse with staff and Converse with staff and

students if possible; students if possible; ~listen carefully~~listen carefully~

What types of student What types of student programs or activities programs or activities are there? are there? anger managementanger management peer mediation peer mediation service learningservice learning mentoring, etcmentoring, etc

Value of the studentValue of the studentThings that devalue students:Things that devalue students: Unsanitary restroomsUnsanitary restrooms Bad foodBad food OdorsOdors Graffiti and vandalismGraffiti and vandalism Poor maintenancePoor maintenance Lack of supervisionLack of supervision Inconsistent behavior by staffInconsistent behavior by staff

Some Indicators of a Positive Some Indicators of a Positive School CultureSchool Culture

Positive staff attitude and high morale Positive staff attitude and high morale Teamwork and the sharing of responsibilitiesTeamwork and the sharing of responsibilities Opportunities for student involvement, commitment, Opportunities for student involvement, commitment,

responsibility and success responsibility and success High expectations for students and teachers High expectations for students and teachers Clear and effective communications of school Clear and effective communications of school

expectations expectations Values and practices that make everyone feel included; Values and practices that make everyone feel included;

appreciation of diversityappreciation of diversity The encouragement and recognition of achievementThe encouragement and recognition of achievement Opportunities for shared activities and community Opportunities for shared activities and community

interaction interaction Significant involvement of the parents and guardiansSignificant involvement of the parents and guardians

What do you see?What do you see?

General SecurityGeneral Security

Cameras?Cameras? Metal detectors?Metal detectors? Police?Police? Hall monitors?Hall monitors? School Resource Officers?School Resource Officers?

General SecurityGeneral Security

Security measures used at a school Security measures used at a school should fit the risk factors present should fit the risk factors present

at the time.at the time.

Example: Example: Cameras are not good at preventing an Cameras are not good at preventing an occurrence, but do document after the occurrence, but do document after the fact.fact.

Afternoon AssignmentsAfternoon Assignments

Building Interior/Exterior Audit Process

Conducting a Conducting a Campus Safety AuditCampus Safety Audit

Day 2Day 2

Playground InspectionPlayground Inspection Review of DocumentsReview of Documents

Drafting a Report Drafting a Report (Findings)(Findings)

Why Plan?Why Plan?

We take for granted that these We take for granted that these emergencies “won’t happen here.”emergencies “won’t happen here.”

Planning & Preparing can save time, Planning & Preparing can save time, energy, and lives.energy, and lives.

When Seconds CountWhen Seconds Count

Review of Document:Review of Document:Emergency Operations Plan (EOP)Emergency Operations Plan (EOP)

Should be:Should be: Developed by the building safety teamDeveloped by the building safety team Reviewed on an annual basisReviewed on an annual basis Have a well-coordinated safety plan Have a well-coordinated safety plan

with MOUs with law enforcement and with MOUs with law enforcement and other emergency response agenciesother emergency response agencies

Include detailed maps of facilityInclude detailed maps of facility

EOPs & Emergency Management CycleEOPs & Emergency Management CycleYour EOP should be built upon the Emergency Management Cycle Your EOP should be built upon the Emergency Management Cycle

and must include the and must include the Four phases of Emergency Management.Four phases of Emergency Management.

PREPAREDNESS

RESPONSE

RECOVERY

MITIGATION/PREVENTION

Emergency Operations PlanEmergency Operations Plan

Local law enforcement has an accurate Local law enforcement has an accurate contact list of key school officials contact list of key school officials

Training is provided for all stakeholders on Training is provided for all stakeholders on emergency procedures and school safetyemergency procedures and school safety

Staff with ICS responsibilities have been Staff with ICS responsibilities have been trained in ICS and NIMStrained in ICS and NIMS

The school has an established chain of The school has an established chain of command that will handle emergencycommand that will handle emergency

Emergency Operations PlanEmergency Operations Plan

Clear procedures for emergency situationsClear procedures for emergency situations Training for studentsTraining for students To-go kits or other preparations for To-go kits or other preparations for

emergency situationsemergency situations Procedures for special needs studentsProcedures for special needs students Training for substitutes and student Training for substitutes and student

teachersteachers

Emergency Operations PlanEmergency Operations Plan

There are emergency procedures for the There are emergency procedures for the following:following:

Bomb ThreatsBomb Threats Hostage TakingsHostage Takings IntrusionsIntrusions KidnappingsKidnappings Acts of Violence Acts of Violence Natural DisastersNatural Disasters

Emergency Operations PlanEmergency Operations Plan

Safety Drills are in place and Safety Drills are in place and practicedpracticed regularlyregularly

After-Action Reviews are held after drills, After-Action Reviews are held after drills, exercises, and actual emergencies. exercises, and actual emergencies.

Some drills are coordinated with local Some drills are coordinated with local agenciesagencies

Crisis “Flip Charts”Crisis “Flip Charts”

These These are notare not an EOP an EOP Can be an addendum to planCan be an addendum to plan Can be used as quick reference guidesCan be used as quick reference guides Must give specific information for Must give specific information for audienceaudience

addressed: addressed: Administrators? Teachers? Staff?Administrators? Teachers? Staff?

Everyone Everyone MUST be trainedMUST be trained in these in these procedures!procedures!

DrillsDrills Drills should be named and announced using Drills should be named and announced using

plain language instead of code words in plain language instead of code words in accordance with Incident Command Systems accordance with Incident Command Systems and NIMSand NIMS

NO MORE CODES.NO MORE CODES.

Drill should be taught to students before they are Drill should be taught to students before they are practiced including an explanation of why they practiced including an explanation of why they are importantare important

Recommended DrillsRecommended Drills

• Evacuation Evacuation

A.A. BuildingBuilding

B.B. SiteSite

• Reverse evacuation Reverse evacuation

• Lock-downLock-down

• Shelter-in-place Shelter-in-place

• Drop and coverDrop and cover

Emergency Procedures Emergency Procedures Exercised by DrillsExercised by Drills

• Fires and bomb threatsFires and bomb threats

(Evacuation)(Evacuation)

• Tornadoes Tornadoes (Drop and cover)(Drop and cover)

• Intruders Intruders (Lock-down)(Lock-down)

• Hazardous Materials ReleaseHazardous Materials Release (Shelter-in-place)(Shelter-in-place)

• Emergency during a transitionEmergency during a transition (Reverse Evacuation)(Reverse Evacuation)

Recommended DrillsRecommended Drills

One Fire Drill each month school is in One Fire Drill each month school is in session (One obstructed) session (One obstructed) (Fire Marshall)(Fire Marshall)

Three Lock-Down drills each yearThree Lock-Down drills each year(White House Conference on School Safety)(White House Conference on School Safety)

One Drop and Cover drill each year One Drop and Cover drill each year (more (more often in tornado prone areas)often in tornado prone areas)

It is recommended that all drills be practiced It is recommended that all drills be practiced during the first month of school during the first month of school

DrillsDrills

The school must keep documentation of:The school must keep documentation of:

Dates drills are practicedDates drills are practiced After-Action reviewsAfter-Action reviews Changes made to drill procedures and Changes made to drill procedures and

why they were madewhy they were made

Develop Draft ReportDevelop Draft Report

The audit team develops a draft report.The superintendent or designee will deliver the final

report to the board.

Develop Draft ReportDevelop Draft Report

Analyze data results from audit toolAnalyze data results from audit tool Discuss policy or procedure concernsDiscuss policy or procedure concerns Develop a list of priority safety needsDevelop a list of priority safety needs Brainstorm ways to mitigate concernsBrainstorm ways to mitigate concerns List positive school safety measures List positive school safety measures

already in placealready in place

Prioritize NeedsPrioritize Needs

What’s important?What’s important? What’s feasible?What’s feasible?

Develop Draft ReportDevelop Draft Report

Commendations:Commendations:What does the data show that this campus What does the data show that this campus is doing well?is doing well?

Recommendations:Recommendations:

What are the critical needs for What are the critical needs for improvement to ensure safety at this improvement to ensure safety at this campus?campus?

ActivityActivityLook at the audit findings from yesterdayLook at the audit findings from yesterday

Make a prioritized list of safety concernsMake a prioritized list of safety concerns Write 3 commendations for the schoolWrite 3 commendations for the school Choose 1 safety concern that can be mitigated with little or Choose 1 safety concern that can be mitigated with little or

no cost to the schoolno cost to the school Choose 2 or 3 other safety concernsChoose 2 or 3 other safety concerns

Write recommendations to address concernsWrite recommendations to address concerns

15 minutes15 minutes

Exit ConferenceExit Conference

Meet with principal and other key staffMeet with principal and other key staff Discuss safety and security concernsDiscuss safety and security concerns Share data from audit toolShare data from audit tool Go over survey resultsGo over survey results Listen to any mitigating factorsListen to any mitigating factors Make notes for use in audit reportMake notes for use in audit report

Contact InformationContact Information

Texas School Safety CenterTexas School Safety Center

Center for Safe Communities & SchoolsCenter for Safe Communities & Schools

350 N. Guadalupe, Suite 140, PMB 164350 N. Guadalupe, Suite 140, PMB 164

San Marcos, Texas 78666San Marcos, Texas 78666

877.304.2727 877.304.2727 www.cscs.txstate.edu/txssc.htmwww.cscs.txstate.edu/txssc.htm