safe and sustainable livelihoods in agricultural communities:
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Safe and sustainable livelihoods in agricultural communities: Best practices optimising nutrient recycling Examples of ongoing projects Laurent Stravato, IFAD Consultant PT Rome, January 29. Background. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Safe and sustainable livelihoods in agricultural communities:
Best practices optimising nutrient recycling Examples of ongoing projects
Laurent Stravato, IFAD Consultant PTRome, January 29.
Background
• In the first century, the Roman Emperor Vespasian introduced a urine tax on public toilets.
• When his son Titus criticized him, he supposedly pointed out that a coin did not smell, even though it came from urine.
Rationale
Productive and social investment 1. Financing mechanisms of IFAD at programme level:
Mainly through loans on productive activities.2. Grants Interventions of the BSF Joint Programme
(BSF.JP) are focusing on social development that complement the IFAD loans for agricultural and rural development. (US$225million+ million investment beyond)
3. What products in the WASH sector are linking productive and social investment ?
Rationale
Economic value of Urine in Mauritania
Source: Stravato/ Dagerskog
N P K
Kg/Pers./Year 2.7*2= 4,86 0.45*2= 0,9 1.4*2=2,8
Price per Kg 160 400 500
Value/element/year 777 360 1400
Yearly value per person
2537 UM (eq.7 €)
Yearly value per family
25370 UM (eq.70 €)
Yearly value per National Population
Mauritania
3 090 000 Inh.
7.8 Billion UM (eq.21,5 Millions €)
Rationale
Crops Tomatoes Cabbage Maize Cassava
Country Burkina Faso Togo Benin Ivory Coast
No urine Harvest /Ton/Ha
2,1 19,1 2,4 4,0
With NPK
Chem. Fertilizer
Harvest /Ton/Ha
5,8 31,0 3,5 6,0
Urine Harvest /Ton/Ha
5,2 32,0 3,6 8,0
[N] Urine g/l 8,0 4,4 8,0 3,6
Liters of Urine/m3
l/m3 2,4 3,9 5,4 6,7
Synthesis of experience with urine as fertilizer for different crops in West AfricaSource: CREPA (2006)
Initiatives on productive sanitation
Pilot projects with
CREPA and EcoSanRes:
• Capacity building• Low cost technology • Gardening activities
PPILDA in Niger
Project for the Promotion of Local Development Initiative in Aguié
1. Main interest (CPM,Project manager): Access to fertilizers.
2. Farmers with limited income.
3. Discussion/Negotiation process with local experts (CREPA Niger).
4. Farmers ownership of technologies and scaling up.
5. The project is developing activities in close collaboration with the youth group trained by the project.
6. Agreement to start a pilot project for one crop season in 5 villages.
IFAD’s initiative on productive sanitation
Bougouzaoua (Niger)
Gardening
School Latrines
School
Solar Water Supply SystemsWater Tank
Agricultural Fields
(Eg. : Millet,
Sorghum)Area of defecation
Water Pump
Mauritania PACDM Phase 2Maghama Improved Flood Recession Farming Project Phase II
1. Main interests : Access to fertilizers to support the Farm Field School component.
2. The price of fertilizers in Mauritania (Multiplied by 4).3. No capacity at national/local level (request form the Director of the
Sanitation Department at Ministry level). 4. Adapted technologies and farmers ownership of technologies and
scaling up.5. The project is developing activities in close collaboration with women
trained by the Farm Field School.
6. Agreement to start a pilot project for one crop season in 5 villages.
IFAD’s initiative on productive sanitation
Source of the cartoon: WSP
Issues
• Understanding the cultural perception.
“Behavior question”• National policy &
legislative requirement.• Reinforce institutional
capacities to provide specialized support to Productive Sanitation Systems.
Picture from Linus Dagerskog (SEI/CREPA)
Opportunities to scale up
• More elaborated urine diverting latrines in the 2nd phase.(The “Sanitation crisis”)
• Increase the demand in project areas (Agricultural related activities, Value chain, Agri business)
• Business opportunities for small scale operators.
• Build capacities at stakeholder level.