capri-training session 2004/ii ghg emission accounting according to the ipcc guidelines

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CAPRI-Training Session, Tuesday 7. September 2004

CAPRI-Training Session 2004/II

GHG Emission Accounting according to the IPCC Guidelines

Ignacio Pérez, University Bonn

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Program

• National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (NGGIs)• Agricultural sources• Data issues

– Activity Data (COCO)– Emission Factors (IPCC Accounting)

• Construction of NGGIs in CAPRI– Consistency issues– Regionalization of data

• Implementation in CAPRI• Work Forthcoming

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• In 2000 the Secretariat of the UNFCCC (???) adopted the general

reporting guidelines on annual inventories for Annex I countries

(FCCC/CP/1999/7), due by 15. April each year beginning in year

2000.

• In 2002 these guidelines were revised (FCCC/CP/2002/8),

beginning in year 2004

• Comprehended are GHG gases not regulated by the Montreal

Protocol (ozone polluting substances)

• Several sectors are affected: energy, industrial processes, solvent

and other product use, agriculture, LUCF (land use change ?), and

waste

NGGIs

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NGGIs

• Gas emissions are measured in tons

• These can be weighted depending on their radioactive effect in the atmosphere (with respect to a reference gas, CO2), the so-called “Global Warming Potential (GWP)”

Greenhouse Gas Symbol 1996 IPCC GWP

2001 IPCC GWP

Carbon Dioxide CO2 1 1

Methane CH4 21 23

Nitrous Oxide N2O 310 296

Trifluoroethane (HFC-23) CHF3 11.7 12

Pentafluoroethane (HFC-125) C2HF5 2.8 3.4

Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) C2H2F4 1.3 1.3

Trifluoroethane (HFC-143a) C2H3F3 3.8 4.3

Difluoroethane (HFC-152a) C2H4F2 140 120

Heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ea) C3HF7 2.9 3.5

Hexafluoropropane (HFC-236fa) C3H2F6 6.3 9.4

Perfluoromethane CF4 6.5 5.7

Perfluoroethane C2F6 9.2 11.9

Sulfur Hexafluoride SF6 23.9 22.2

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NGGIs

• The IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) was established in 1988 by the UNEP and WMO“The role of the IPCC is to assess the scientific, technical and

socio-economic information relevant to understanding the scientific basis of risk of human-induced climate change, its potential impacts and options for adaptation and mitigation”

• The Task Force on National GHG Inventories (TFI) was established in 1998 by the IPCC with the following objectives:– to develop and refine an internationally-agreed methodology and

software for the calculation and reporting of GHG emissions– to encourage the widespread use of this methodology by

countries participating in the IPCC

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Agricultural Sources

• In agriculture methane and nitrous oxide are the most relevant GHGs

• Several sources are covered by the inventories for the agricultural sector:– Enteric Fermentation (from ruminants)– Manure Management (from animal production)– Rice Cultivation– Agricultural Soils (nitrogen fixation, atmospheric deposition,

nitrogen losses from fertilizer application)– Prescribed Burning of Savannas– Field Burning of Agricultural Residues

• Other indirect sources, such as machinery use and fertilizer production are accounted in other sectors

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Data Issues

• Inventory Data are required to be transparent, accurate, consistent,

comparable and complete

• For its calculation activity data and emission factors are needed

• For Europe, activity data can be obtained from EUROSTAT

• In order to obtain emission factors, the IPCC published for the first

time in 1997 ‘Accounting Rules’ which are periodically reviewed.

• IPCC emission factors are calculated for single pollution sources

and are applied with the help of different sectoral and regional

parameters

• The complexity of NGGIs calculation might vary depending on the

availability of data

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Data for Agriculture

• Activity Data from EUROSTAT• In COCO consistent and complete set of data

• Emission Factors from IPCC (guidelines)• Generally 2 different Tier Methods (1 and 2)

(depending on activity information)• In CAPRI Tier 2 implemented in most of the cases

• Additional data on prices, tariffs, …, from other data bases (FAO, OECD) necessary for the price mechanism

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Construction of NGGIs in CAPRI

• Agricultural sources of GHG in CAPRI are sources of:– carbon dioxide (2)

– methane (3)

– all sources of nitrogen, through conversion to nitrous oxide (7)

• Consistency issues: – fodder and animal activities are interlinked at a regional level

– emissions are distributed across activities (closed system)

• Regionalisation issues:– Different climates (at the moment only averages) and

management systems)

– REGIO activity data

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Implementation in CAPRI

(1) Methane Emissions from Enteric Fermentation

• GE is gross energy need, and is calculated for each animal type (j), energy class used (e) and digestability index (DE) ???

• A regional parameter (r) is included in the model, through fodder availability

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(2) Methane Emissions from Manure Management

• VSER is the daily volatile solid excretion rate on a dry-matter basis, and depends on ash content in manure and digestability

• Emissions are differentiated according to the MS average temperature (cold, temperate and warm regions)

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(3) Methane Emissions from Rice Production

• Rice production is not an important source of emissions in Europe.

• Just data for Spain, Greece and Italy

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(4) Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Manure Management

• Differen manure management types (regional differentiated) and climates (warm and temperate regions)

• Data from JRC, IPCC

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(5) Nitrous oxide and Carbon Dioxide emissions from fertilizer application

• Own analysis on emission coefficients• Not included in the IPCC emission inventories for Agriculture

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(6) Nitrous oxide emissions from crop residues

• Data from JRC and IPCC• Minor source of emissions

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(7) Nitrous oxide emissions from nitrogen-fixing crops

• Pulses and grass activities included• Coefficients in fertpar.gms

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(8) Indirect nitrous oxide emissions from atmospheric deposition

• Data for different regions and uptake from different crops• Coefficients in fertpar.gms

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(8) Indirect nitrous oxide emissions from atmospheric deposition

• Data for different regions and uptake from different crops• Coefficients in fertpar.gms

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Work Forthcoming

• Comparison of national inventories with the CAPRI results

• Analysis of results with different IPCC methodologies (sensitivity analysis)

• Addition of new parameters (climate, soil types, …)• Calculation of new emission sources (e.g. CO2 from

diesel combustion at a disaggregated level)

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Thanks for your attention !!!

capri-training session 2004/ii ghg emission accounting according to the ipcc guidelines

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