CHICAGODECARBONIZATION PLAN

Gordon Gill AIA

CO2 emissions 21%

Source: Chicago Climate Action Plan

Buildings: 70%(3x Cars)

Source: Chicago Climate Action Plan

600M people/yr

2015 Megacities

Tokyo, 36 million New Delhi, 24 millionMumbai, 22 millionMexico City, 21 millionSão Paulo, 20 million

© National Geographic

MASDAR HEADQUARTERS

New buildings 1% of stock

CATALYST FOR LARGER STUDY

68,000,000 kwh/year =

THE STUDY AREA

The Chicago Loop Produces 3.9 Million Metric Tons of Carbon Each Year

PV FARM WIND FARM

90 % of the square footage of buildings in the Chicago Loop was built before 1975. Much of this square footage has equipment and systems nearing the end of their life cycle. New buildings account for less than 1% of Chicago’s building stock.

10%

1%

Carbon Use

Land Use

NEW CONSTRUCTION vs. EXISTING BUILDING STOCK

THE CHICAGO LOOP PARAMETRIC MODEL

DATA MODEL: BUILDING USE

DATA MODEL: BUILDING SIZE

DATA MODEL: TOTAL CARBON

DATA MODEL: ENERGY USE/ INTENSITY

DATA MODEL: BUILDING ERA

• Masonry with punched operable windows (25%- 50%)

• MEP-not operating optimally

• Narrow floor plates allow for natural light

HERITAGE BUILDINGS: 1880- 1950 (PRE AIR CONDITIONING)

• Curtain wall systems

• Glass percentage: 50% to 80%

• Mechanical plants have large heating and cooling capacity to overcome internal load

• Heat by light was common

• Large floor plates with central core

MID-CENTURY BUILDINGS: 1950-1975 ( PRE ENERGY EMBARGO)

POST ENERGY CRISIS: 1975-2000

• Curtain wall systems

• Mirrored or dark tinted glass single or double pane

• Introduction of thermal breaks

• Induction/fan coil units at perimeter with interior air via ducted systems

• Mechanical plants begin to use variable equipment

• Lighting levels steadily reduced from 1970s levels

• Large floor plates with central core

LEED AWARENESS BUILDINGS ERA: 2000- PRESENT

• Curtain wall systems

• Clearer glass with Low-E coatings or tint: double pane

• VAV or FCU systems with less perimeter heat needed

• Use of variable frequency pumps, drives and DDC controls

• Lighting levels reduced to meet energy codes and LEED

• Natural daylight and light controls

• Large floor plates but shallower lease spans for natural light

CITY WITHIN A CITY – MIXED USE COMMUNITY

District Cooling Basic NecessitiesSchools Parks

URBAN DENSITY VERSUS GASOLINE USAGE

MOBILITY NETWORK ANALYSIS

INTER-MODAL GREEN AXIS

MONROE INTER-MODAL GREEN AXIS

DECARBONIZATION… STEP-BY-STEP

+ 30% Development < 50% Carbon

0.000.751.502.253.003.75

MM

TCO

2e

Carbon Footprint Existing (MMTCO2e) Carbon Footprint New (MMTCO2e)Additional High Performance Office Decarbonization + Transit

00

25

50

75

100

2009 205Mixed Use Office

50%

Old Technology / Old Philosophy

New Technology / Old Philosophy

New Technology / New Philosophy

“The real voyage of discovery consists not in seeking new landscapes but in having new eyes.”– Marcel Proust