Slide 1

Carbon FootprintWhat is Carbon Footprint?"A measure of the total amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions of a defined population, system or activity, considering all relevant sources, sinks and storage within the spatial and temporal boundary of the population, system or activity of interest. Calculated as carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) using the relevant 100-year global warming potential (GWP100).- Wright, Kemp, and Williams, writing in the journal Carbon Management

A carbon footprint is the total amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases emitted over the full life cycle of a product or service, and everything has one.

It is a very powerful tool to understand the impact of personal behaviour on global warming. Most people are shocked when they see the amount of CO2 their activities create! The concept name of the carbon footprint originates from ecological footprint - which estimates the number of "earths" that would theoretically be required if everyone on the planet consumed resources at the same level as the person calculating their ecological footprint.Calculating Carbon Footprints

Carbon footprints can be calculated in one of two ways:Using a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method (more accurate and specific), or It can be restricted to the immediately attributable emissions from energy use offossil fuels (more general).Life Cycle AssessmentA systematic set of procedures for compiling and examining the inputs and outputs of materials and energy and the associated environmental impacts directly attributable to the functioning of a product or service system throughout its life cycle.Life cycle assessment determines the environmental impacts of products, processes or services, through production, usage, and disposal.LCA is done by:compiling aninventoryof relevant inputs and outputs,evaluatingthe potential environmental impacts associated with those inputs and outputs,interpretingthe results of the inventory and impact phases in relation to the objectives of the study.

However, for the latter method...An emission factors is the ratio of carbon dioxide generated for a given quantity of fuel. It varies from fuel to fuel but is dependant only on the fuel type.For example:To use your car's carbon footprint as an example: the first method would take into account all carbon emissions required to build the car (including all the metal,plastic,glass and other materials), drive the car and dispose of the car; the second method would account only for the fossil fuels that resulted from building, driving and disposing of it.

So everything has a carbon footprint..HousingElectricityFuelsWaste and Water

The calculations look like this:

Electricity :use (kWh/yr) * EF (kg CO2e/kWh) = emissions (kg CO2e/yr)Natural Gas :use (therms/yr) * EF (kg CO2e/therms) = emissions (kg CO2e/yr)Fuel Oil:use (litres/yr) * EF (kg CO2e/litre) = emissions (kg CO2e/yr)LPG :use (litres/yr) * EF (kg CO2e/litre) = emissions (kg CO2e/yr)Waste :use (kg/week) * 52 * EF (kg CO2e/kg) = emissions (kg CO2e/yr)Water: use (litres/day) * 365 * EF (kg CO2e/kWh) = emissions (kg CO2e/yr)

Others...VehiclePublic Transport

To calculate your travel footprint you need to work out how much travel you have done in the last year using various forms of transport. Taking these distances you can multiply by a carbon intensity for each form of transport.

Vehicle :distance (km/yr) /*EF (kg CO2e/km) = emissions (kg CO2e/yr)Bus :distance (km/yr) * EF (kg CO2e/km) = emissions (kg CO2e/yr)Metro:distance (km/yr) * EF (kg CO2e/km) = emissions (kg CO2e/yr)Taxi:distance (km/yr) * EF (kg CO2e/km) = emissions (kg CO2e/yr)Rail:distance (km/yr) * EF (kg CO2e/km) = emissions (kg CO2e/yr)Flying :distance (km/yr)* 1.09 * EF (kg CO2e/km) = emissions (kg CO2e/yr)

Others..FoodRed meat:consumption (kCal/day)*365*EF (kg CO2e/kCal) = emissions (kg CO2e/yr)White meat:consumption (kCal/day)*365*EF (kg CO2e/kCal) = emissions (kg CO2e/yr)Dairy:consumption (kCal/day)*365*EF (kg CO2e/kCal) = emissions (kg CO2e/yr)Cereals:consumption (kCal/day)*365*EF (kg CO2e/kCal) = emissions (kg CO2e/yr)Vegetables:consumption (kCal/day)*365*EF (kg CO2e/kCal) = emissions (kg CO2e/yr)Fruit:consumption (kCal/day)*365*EF (kg CO2e/kCal) = emissions (kg CO2e/yr)Oils:consumption (kCal/day)*365*EF (kg CO2e/kCal) = emissions (kg CO2e/yr)Snacks:consumption (kCal/day)*365*EF (kg CO2e/kCal) = emissions (kg CO2e/yr)Drinks:consumption (kCal/day)*365*EF (kg CO2e/kCal) = emissions (kg CO2e/yr)

And so much more... :))Land Use ChangeProductsServicesGovernment and Capital

For simpler calculationsAuthor Alexandra Shimo-Barry knows how. In her new book,The Environment Equation, Shimo-Barry, a national reporter forMacleansin Canada, teaches readers how to quickly calculate their carbon footprints, or the amount of greenhouse gases in units of carbon dioxide, theyre producing by using the following formula:

A.) Multiply your monthly electricity bill by 105B.) Multiply your monthly gas bill by 105C.) Multiply your monthly oil bill by 113(if you dont use either B or C, enter 0.)D.) Multiply total yearly mileage by .79E.) Multiply the number of flights4 hours or lessby 1,100F.) Multiply the number of flights4 hours or moreby 4,400G.) Do you recycle newspaper? If no, add 184. If yes, add 0.H.) Do you recycle aluminum and tin? If no, add 166. If yes, add 0.

Assessment:A+B+C+D+E+F+G+H = your carbon footprint. A number below 6,000 (reflected in pounds per year) is excellent. Over 22,000? Not so great. Good is anywhere from 6,000 to 15,999, while 16,000 to 22,000 is average.

But dont worry. Theres an onlinecarbon footprint calculatorand it's free to use. Reducing Carbon Footprints

Reduce the Carbon Footprint of Your OfficeEnable your power management - so your computer and monitor shut down. Do you need to print?- Consider saving a file on your computer, in a flash drive or emailing it. Double-side print - Saves paper too. Open up - If you have windows you can open, use them to intelligently save energy.Turn em off - Only use the lights you need. If youre using your computer you may not need your office lights on too. Occupancy sensors - Shut off lights in unused rooms. Better, get your building to install occupancy sensors. Bring your lunch - Or walk to the local eatery instead of driving.

Reduce the Carbon Footprint of Your Home

Lighting Compact fluorescent light bulbs (CFLs) have that cool curly shape and save more than 2/3rds of the energy of a regular incandescent. Read the box or instructions for safe disposal.Heating and Cooling - Keep your heating and cooling system(s) tuned. When its time to replace, do your research. Water-Conserving Showerheads & Toilets You can reduce water and heating costs, even in your bathroom. To save even more water, turn the faucet off when brushing or shaving. These simple changes and steps can save many thousands of gallons of water annually. Appliances Always pay attention to the total lifetime cost, including energynot just the price tag.Bigger isnt always better - Just get the size you need; do you really need that extra refrigerator in the basement? Electronics - And do like your Mom said- turn things off. If youre going away or not using an item for awhile, unplug it to prevent vampire energy loss from electricity usage on standby.

Reduce the Carbon Footprint of Your Life

Reduce. Reuse. Recycle. Youve heard it before, but its still great advice. Manufacturing products produces an average 4-8 pounds of CO2 for every pound of manufactured product. Recycle your old electronic devices- Recycle or sell your old blackberry, PDA, laptop, iPad or iPhone to YouRenew.com and help support our clean air projects. Stop your junk mail - with the help of 41pounds, a non profit service that contacts dozens of direct mailers to remove your name from their lists. Buy locally if possible - Shipping burns fuel. A 5-pound package shipped by air across the country creates 12 pounds of CO2 (3 pounds if shipped by truck). Cont...Eat less meat - If youre already a vegetarian, you save at least 3,000 pounds of CO2 per year compared to meat eaters. If youre not a vegetarian, just increase the number of vegetarian meals you eat each week by one or two. Also, poultry is less greenhouse gas intensive than beef. Dont waste food- mom was right. About one-quarter of all the food prepared annually in the U.S., for example, gets tossed, producing methane in landfills as well as carbon emissions from transporting wasted food.

Carbon OffsettingCarbon OffsettingThe process by which businesses and households can compensate for the release of these GHG emissions by funding certified GHG emission reduction projectsA financial unit of measurement that represents the removal of one tone of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e) from the atmosphere.GHG emission reduction projectsReplacingthe use of dirty fossil fuels with renewable energy;Reducingthe use of fossil fuels through energy efficiency; orCapturingand storing already released carbon in trees and other plants.

Two Markets for Carbon offsetCompliance Market

CompaniesGovernmentOther entities complying with obligations under Kyoto ProtocolLiable entities under EU Emission Trading Scheme

Voluntary Market

CompaniesGovernmentHousehold volunteering to offset their carbon emissionCompliance Marketcurrently aimed at the most energy intensive emitters (at a company level)Legally bind to limit or reduce total carbon emissionsHas three (3) flexible financial mechanismsEmissions TradingThe Clean Development MechanismJoint ImplementationVoluntary MarketDriven by a companys desire to demonstrate leadership and/or do the right thing and has been around in different forms for many yearsServes the purpose of businesses (typically blue-chip corporations), government departments, NGOs and single individuals wanting to manage their carbon footprintReasons to engage in voluntary market1. To save money/reduce operating costs2. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)3. Leading by example4. Demand from stakeholders5. Pre-compliance6. Green marketing / boosting green and socially responsible credentials7. Mitigating reputational and commercial risk

Reducing emissions internally takes time and money; carbon offsetting is a quick and cost effective way to balance a carbon footprint whilst waiting for the fruition of internal abatement measures.

At the same time, the emission reduction projects paid for by offsets introduce clean technology and investment into developing countries, helping communities to improve their economy and industry but not at the cost of the environment. Carbon offsetting projects help to successfully establish a path to a low carbon economy.

Make carbon offsetting part of your Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programme as well as your sustainability strategy.

The NorthWind Bangui Bay Project

Located on a 9km stretch of undeveloped and uninhabited foreshore area in Bangui Bay in Ilocos Norte Province at the northern tip of Luzon in the Philippines. This project represents the first commercial wind power project in the ASEAN region. It will provide zero GHG emission power and help to enhance technology transfer to the Philippines. The total capacity of the project is approximately 33 MW.END.