cardio vascular system (circulatory system)
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Cardio Vascular System (Circulatory system). Ajith Sominanda Department of Anatomy. Lecture outline. Why a circulatory system ? Arrangement of the CVS Vascular tree-Gross Anatomy CVS histology. Circulatory system; Why?. Amoeba in motion. Circulatory system; Why?. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Cardio Vascular System(Circulatory system)Ajith SominandaDepartment of Anatomy1Lecture outlineWhy a circulatory system ?Arrangement of the CVSVascular tree-Gross AnatomyCVS histology
Circulatory system; Why?
Amoeba in motion
Need of a circulatory system
3Circulatory system; Why?
Evolution of circulatory system4
Circulatory system; Why?An essential Co/ordinator of other system5Functions of circulatory systemTransport of materials and cells by continuous movement of blood GasesNutrientsWaste productsComponents of immune and endocrine systemThermoregulation
6Components of human circulatory systemBlood vascular system (closed) HeartArteries and arterioles (conduction / distributing vessels)Capillaries (exchange vessels)Venules and veins (capacitance vessels)
Lymph vascular system (open)LymphaticsLymph nodes
Pulmonary circulationHeart: left chambers (oxygenated blood)Heart: right chamber s (De-oxygenated blood)Conducting vessels
ArteriolesExchange vessels(Capillaries)VenulesLymph nodesLymphaticsCapacitance vessels(Veins)Distributing vessels
Recalling AL & high school knowledgeWorking classification 7Vascular tree- Gross anatomyOverall arrangement
Aorta(2-2.5 cm)Large and medium size arteries(100-200)Arterioles(4 * 106 )(Upper gut /celiac trunkMiddle and lower parts by messentric vesselsLower end of aorta give rise to common iliac arteries and enters the pelvic cavityThen supplies pelvis and perineal region internal illiac arteries 13Branching patterns of arterial treeTerminal branches
Co-lateral branches
End-to-end anastomosisVaginal artery-ovarian arteryLeft gastro epiploic arteriesUlnar artery and superficial palmar branch of radial artery
Anastomosis by convergenceVertebral arteries forming basilar artery
Transversal anastomosisBetween anterior cerebral arteriesBetween radial and ulnar at wristBetween posterior tibial and peroneal arteries
Anastomosis of arteries
Venous system
Superficial veinsDeep veinsVenae comitantesValves & Venous drainage
Venous system: problems
Failed superficial veins: VaricositiesObstructed deep veins: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
CVS HistologyGeneral arrangement of cardio-vascular tissues (CARDIO VASCULAR TUBE) Tunic = coat Tunica externa / adventitia
Tunica media
Tunica intima Vasa vasorum(Vessels of vessels)Nervi vasorum(Nerves of vessels)Has three-layered structure19General arrangement of cardio-vascular tissuesHeartArteriesCapillariesVeinsNote the changes occurring in the wall of the structuresMuscular wall shows the greatest variationBlood pressure of 120 in major arteries to 0 once returned to right atrium
20Structure for Function !The heart is a (muscular) pump !
Heart is a pump< theconceptSpecial pump,probably the best pump that pump continuously from 3rd week of |IUL till death.21HeartEndocardium (Tunica intima)
Myocardium (Tunica media)
Epicardium / viceral pericardium (Tunica adventitia)Cardiac wall consists of three layers:
Endothelium (single layer of flattened epithelial cells)Sub-endothelial connective tissueHeart
EndocardiumTunica intima23Consists of cardiac muscle fibers (Cardiocytes) arranged in a network Syncytium
Cardiocytes have central nucleus and are connected by junctional complexes intercalated discs
Mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum are abundant in cytoplasm
Muscle contractions are Strong , continuous and inherent
Heart Myocardium
Recall foundation moduleConnected by intercalated disc24Heart Cardiocyte-Ultra structure
Transverse junctional complexes (Intercalated discs)StriationsLongitudinal junctional complexes(GAP junctions)
Heart EpicardiumConsists of flattened epithelium (Mesothelium) that secretes serous fluid into pericardial space
Epithelium is supported by Sub-endothelial connective tissues
Contains coronary vasculature
HeartArteriesCapillariesVeinsArterial tree Arteries conduct and distribute blood to periphery
Blood pressure
Vascular anatomy
High pressure tubal system for conduction of blood to peripheryLow pressure tubal system for drainage of bloodExchange systemStructural adaptation for Function !Why elastic tissues are more in EAsSo for muscular arteries28Conform to the three-layered tissue arrangement
Main types of vessels in arterial systemLarge elastic arteries(Aorta , Brachiocephalic, common carotid, subclavian & common iliac arteries)
Medium-sized muscular arteries(Intercostal, axillary, radial arteries)
Arterioles
Arterial tree Elastic arteries Tunica media contains large amounts of fenestrated sheaths of elastin and lesser amounts of collagen and smooth muscle cells
Tunica adventitia contains collagen tissues
Arterial tree Muscular arteriesTunica intima has three layers:EndotheliumSub endothelial connective tissuesInternal elastic lamina (sheath of elastin)
Tunica media has thick layer of smooth muscle cellsLarger vessels have external elastic lamina
Arterial tree ArteriolesArterioles are final branches of arterial system that regulate blood flow to capillary bed
Tunica media has concentric layers of smooth muscles
Innervated by sympathetic nerves and control the vascular tone
Arterial tree
Arterioles and micro circulation Arterial tree
ArteriloesVenuleSympathetic nervePre-capillary spincters
Circulation when regulated due to functional demand blood either goes through capillary bed or through shunts33Continuation of endotheliumNo smooth muscle and adventitial layersOccasion pericytes are found
Capillaries: the exchange compartment
Capillaries: different typesContinuous
Fenestrated
Discontinuous
Q: List the sites where different capillary types are foundVenous system Veins & venulesVenules (Post capillary, Muscular & Collecting venules)
CapillariesVeins Has relatively Large lumen & thinner wall Elastic and muscular components are much less prominent compared to arteriesActs as reservoirs of blood; Capacitance vessels
36Lymph vascular system Reuptake excess tissue fluid that accumulates in ECS
Similar to venous system
Things that are good to read (know) !Formation of EdemaThickening of arterial walls i.e. Arteriosclerosis & AtherosclerosisEndothelium and inflammationEndothelium and blood coagulationBiology of vessel formation and tumors (tumor angiogenesis )ReferencesWheaters functional histologyHistology and cellbiology by Abraham L KierszenbaumGrays AnatomyWWW.
The ENDThank you