case: hadramawt improved traditional engineering 6.6
TRANSCRIPT
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CASE: HADRAMAWT IMPROVED TRADITIONAL ENGINEERING
6.6
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Rainfall isohyets
WADI HADRAMAWT
YEMEN
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Hadramawt: special characteristics
• Extremely low rainfall (50 mm/year)• Very irregular and often heavy floods• Special efforts to avoid that large floods destroy
command area and residential area) much attention for spillways(
• Groundwater and hence recharge is important
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MANY LARGE FARMER-BUILT STRUCTURES IN HADRAMAWT
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Water MasterIn many systems the traditional structures have been improved through a mix of modern and traditional techniques
Al Powirigat Traditional Dyke
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Special structures
Diversion structures• Bunds and dykes• Traditional abutments• Spillways• Recharge bunds
Command area structures• Water distribution structures• Field to field overflow structures• Low flow field intakes
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DIVERSION STRUCTURES
• Bunds and dykes• Traditional abutments• Spillways• Recharge bunds
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Traditional dyke at Hadramaut
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Traditional diversion dyke – at angle with the flow of the river
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TRADITIONAL DYKE: SPILLWAY/ OVERFLOW
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AL ROMALYA TRADITIONAL WEIR REINFORCED WITH CONCRETE
SPILLWAY WITHSTEPPED STONES
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TRADITIONAL ABUTMENT
BREACH-ABLE EARTHEN BUND TO BREAK IN HIGH FLOODS AND RELEASE FLOOD WATER INTO THE RIVER
FLOOD CHANNEL INTAKE
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TRADITIONAL ABUTMENT
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LIME MORTAR STRUCTURES
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TRADITIONAL INTAKE IN HADRAMUAT
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MOZA SIBHAM DYKE REINFORCED WITH TRADITIONAL ABUTTMENTS
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MODERN ABUTMENT FOLLOWING TRADITIONAL DESIGN
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COMBINED GABION SPILLWAY WITH TRADITIONAL ABUTTMENT
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GABION SPILLWAY
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Gabion spillway and traditional intake at gar-Sudan area (at wadi Dowan) Hadramawt
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TRADITIONAL LOW RECHARGE WEIR TO SLOW DOWN AND SPREAD FLOODS
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COMMAND AREA STRUCTURES
• Water distribution structures• Field to field flow structures• Low flow field intakes
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WATER DISTRIBUTION: WATER IS DIVIDED PROPORTIONALLY IN SMALL CHANNELS
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WATER DISTRIBUTION: GATES USED ON SOME OF THE SMALL CHANNELSTO CLOSE SUPPLIES AFTER AREA IS SERVED
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FIELD OVERFLOW STRUCTURE
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FIELD TO FIELD FLOW STRUCTURES (SPILLWAY)
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FIELD OUTLET STRUCTURE
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FIELD TO FIELD FLOW STRUCTURE (INLET OR OUTLET
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UNDERFLOW STRUCTURE TO CAPTURE VERY SMALL FLOWS
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FIELD SYPHON FOR FIELDS HIGH ABUTMENT
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