CASE STUDY – LOW RISE APARTMENTNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CALICUT

GROUP MEMBERS:

*LAKSHMI Ravi Chandu*Ananya*Anwar*Sri Lakshmi*Vijitha*Nikhil

*DATA COLLECTION

*BUILDING BYE LAWS

*OFFSETS*No setbacks are needed from the edges of cluster as pedestrian/vehicular access

roads surrounding the cluster.

*OCCUPANCY*The project is to design an low rise Apartment which comes under group A1

occupancy.

*COVERAGE AND F.A.R*The maximum percentage of coverage permissible for each occupancy shall

limit the maximum area at any floor of a building. The floor area ratio value shall limit the maximum buildable total floor area. Floor area ratio ie, F.A.R. shall be calculated as shown below:

*F.A.R= Total floor area on the floors Plot area

*BUILDING BYE LAWS

*The maximum permissible F.A.R. for a residential building is 3 without an additional fee and 4 with an additional fee. The maximum permissible coverage (percentage plot area) is 65%.

*HEIGHT OF THE BUILDING*Maximum height of the building or part shall not exceed 1.5 times

the width of the street abutting the plot plus 1.5 times the front yard. This height may be further increased proportionately at 3m for every 1m by which the floor of the building is setback from the building line

*BUILDING BYE LAWS

S l. No. Type of Building Single units Multiple Units

1 Single storey No minimum 120 cm

2 Two storey 90 cm 200 cm

3 Three storey 120 cm 360 cm

4 Above three storey 360 cm 500 cm

•ACCESS

*PARKING

S l No. Occupancy Carpet Area per

flat (m2)One parking space for every or fraction of

1 Residential Apartment

Upto 100 8 units101 – 150 4 units151 – 200 2 units

Exceeding 200 Single unit

DIMENSIONS OF A STANDARD CAR AND TURNING RADIUS

*PARKING

TYPE OF VEHICLE

LENGTH (m)

WIDTH (m)

HEIGHT (m)

TURNING CIRCLE RADIUS (m)

Motor cycle 2.20 0.70 1.00 1.00

Car Standard Small Large

4.703.605.00

1.751.601.90

1.501.501.50

5.755.006.00

CAR TURNING

TYPE OF VEHICLE LENGTH (m)

WIDTH (m)

HEIGHT (m)

TURNING CIRCLE RADIUS (m)

Motor cycle 2.20 0.70 1.00 1.00

Car Standard Small Large

4.703.605.00

1.751.601.90

1.501.501.50

5.755.006.00

PARKING SPACE ARRANGEMENT

00- Parallel to road - Entry and exit to the parking bay is difficult Suitable for narrow roads

300- Angle to access road - Easy entry to the bay and exit Usage of large space

450- Angle to access road - Good entry to parking bay and exit Relatively small area parking space

600- Angle to access road - Relatively good entry and exit to parking Small area parking space

Right angle to road - Sharp turn needed for every entry and exit(parking space 2.50m wide)

Right angle to road -Small area needed/parking space(parking space 2.30m wide) Ideal for compact parking layout

*FIRE SAFETY

* Provision and protection of exits, corridors, and stairs* Fire detector and alarm systems Sprinkler systems*Materials and finishes with low flame spread rating and

Nontoxic combustion characteristics

RESIDENTIAL OCCUPANCY

*Buildings more than 15m high and floor area more than 500 sq m shall have two stair cases (enclosed), one on the external wall open directly to the exterior.*Exit width: 100cm minimum; *Exit height: 210cm min Corridor width: Not less

than the aggregate required width of exit doorways

Emergency exits should be located in such a way that it shall not exceed 30 m.

Ref: KMBR

*

FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

•A fire extinguisher is a device to put out fires, often in an emergency situation. They consist of a pressurized container of chemicals that when discharged can put out a fire.

•They are portable

* WATER SUPPLY

*A minimum of 70 to 100 liters per head per day may be considered adequate for domestic needs of urban communities, apart from non domestic needs like flushing requirements

*WATER SUPPLY

* FIXTURES FOR WATER SUPPLYThe details of water supply and sanitary fixtures required for every apartment unit

* Kitchen - one tap for sink* Dining - one tap for wash basin

* Toilet - one ablution tap

* Work area - one tap

*SOURCE OF SUPPLYBefore planning the water supply system source(s) of water supply should be identified and

established. The source of supply may be any one or more of the following

* Municipal filtered water supply from main running near the premises.* Sub-soil sources such as open well and tube well* Surface such as lakes, rivers or canals.

Group A1

Floor Area Ratio = Total Floor Area on All FloorsPlot Area

Building Use/ Occupancy

Maximum Permissible coverage(%)

Maximum permissible FAR without additional

fee Maximum permissible FAR with additional fee

Residential 65 3 4

Ref: KMBR

*Parts to be included in calculating floor area

•All total floor area including basement•Area of penthouse at terrace floor level•Internal sanitary shaft, air conditioning duct and lift

*Clearance from overhead electric lines

•Minimum vertical clearance 2.4 m •Minimum horizontal in metres 1.2 m

*PARTS OF THE BUILDING

*Height of the room :- Not less the 3 metres

If Air conditioned not less than 2.4 metres

*Bath room :- Area not less than 1.5 sq. metres. Either side not less

than 1.1 sq.m

*Corridor and passageways : Clear width not less than 1.0 metre.

*Staircases :- Building having more than

4 floors (including the basement or sunk) shall have at least 2 staircases

*Lift

Every building exceeding 4 storeys (excluding sunken floors) having plinth area more than 2500 sq. metres shall be provided with one liftfor every 2500 sq. metres or part thereof exceeding first 2500 sq. metres, in addition tothe required number of staircases as per rule 39.

Whenever more than one lift is required as per sub rule(1) or byelaws made under the Act, at least one lift shall be a higher capacity lift that can carry a stretcher

*Light and ventilation

*Every room shall be furnished with sufficient number of openings such as windows and ventilators affording effectual means of admission of light and air by direct communication with the external air or shall be sufficiently lighted and ventilated by artificial means.* No portion of a room shall be assumed to be lighted if it is more than 7.5 metres

away from the opening assumed for lighting that portion unless it is artificially lighted.* Windows and ventilators which open into a verandah shall be deemed to

communicate with the external air. Trellising, mesh, grill or net may, however, be provided on the open side of the verandah.*Every kitchen shall have suitable flue for the escape of smoke and heated air unless

it is provided with an approved form of smokeless installation.*Every bathroom or latrine shall be provided with sufficient light and ventilation.

Every bathroom or latrine shall have at least one of its walls abutting on an open space or open verandah or an air shaft if not centrally air conditioned.

*Recreation space

*Any residential apartment having more than 12 dwelling units in a single

plot or single building, shall be provided with a recreation space of suitable size.*The recreation space shall have not less than 7.5 per cent of the total

carpet area of all the units taken together and may be provided either inside a building or outside a building or both and if it is provided outside a building it shall be exclusive of parking areas, drive ways and other utility areas.*Spaces like swimming pool, recreation hall or health club shall also be

considered as recreation space for this purpose.*The recreation space may be provided as a single unit or as different

units.

*BALCONIES

*RAIN WATER HARVESTING

*Process by which rain water is captured and stored, either above ground or is recharged underground for later use.

*Various stages of rain water harvesting system:*transporting rainwater through pipes or drains*Filtration*and storage in tanks for reuse or recharge.

*RAIN WATER HARVESTING SYSTEM

*RAIN WATER HARVESTING

SYSTEM

*RECHARGE PITS

*A recharge pit is 1.5m to 3m wide and 2m to 3m deep. *The excavated pit is lined with a brick/stone wall

with openings (weep-holes) at regular intervals. *The top area of the pit can be covered with a

perforated cover.

*SETTLEMENT TANK

•Used to remove silt and impurities from rainwater. •Has provisions for inflow, outflow and overflow.•Has an unpaved bottom surface to allow standing water to

percolate into the soil.

*SOAKAWAYS AND PERCOLATION PITS

• Dimensions - 60 x 60 x 60 cm pits• designed on the basis of expected runoff as described for

settlement tanks• filled with pebbles or brick jelly and river sand, covered with

perforated concrete slabs

*RECHARGE TRENCHES

• A continuous trench excavated in the ground and refilled with porous media like pebbles, boulders or broken bricks.

• Dimensions 0.5 m to 1 m wide and 1 m to 1.5 m deep. • The length of the recharge trench is decided as per the amount of

runoff expected.

*STORAGE FACILITY

SHAPE: Cylindrical, rectangular and square.

MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION: Reinforced cement concrete, (RCC), Ferro cement, masonry, plastic (polyethylene) or metal (galvanized iron) sheets are commonly used.

POSITION OF TANK: Depending on space availability these tanks could be constructed above ground, partly underground or fully underground. Some maintenance measures like cleaning and disinfection are required to ensure the quality of water stored in the container

*LITERATURE CASE STUDY

*HABITAT 825,LOHA ARCHITECTS

HABITAT 825 APARTMENTS

*HABITAT 825 APARTMENTS

*LOCATION: 825 north kings road, west hollywood,los angels.*ARCHITECT: o herlihy*PROJECT AREA:4924 sqm.*NUMBER OF FLOORS:4*NUMBER OF UNITS PER FLOOR:4*CLIENT:Richard loring*YEAR OF COMPLETION:*AWARDS:

FIRST FLOOR/SITE PLAN

Massed into two L-shaped buildings that surround a common courtyard, HABITAT 825 is a modern distinctive apartment complex in los angeles.

the 19-apartment complex was designed to facilitate outdoor gathering among its residents.

Two entrances into the courtyard from the street

another facing the schindler house.

one from the street, and another that faces the Schindler house provide excellent circulation for both people and air.

A sub-grade parking deck takes care of cars and storage.

Access to each apartment is gained through the central courtyard, which eliminates the need for climate-controlled corridors. This also encourages communication and chance meetings between the residents.

The complex is set back slightly from the front sidewalk, leaving public open space and a well-defined entrance.

Two intersecting L-shaped blocks rise 11 m (36 ft.) from an inner courtyard excavated 2 m (6.5 ft.) below ground.

The timber-frame, steel-reinforced structure is set back from the street behind a landscaped forecourt.

The taller south block, pulled away from its companion to create a view from the courtyard to the street.

The apartments vary in size and shape, and each has an open kitchen/living area, hardwood floors and a terrace. Duplexes have glass-walled patios and spiral stairs leading to the roof. Each unit is entered from the courtyard or by exterior stairs lea

Reduction from the max allowable Building volume allows for visual transparency and physical circulation. In addition light and landscaping weaves throughout the building In an effort to extend the street Into the building, the front yard cuts into the buildingto promote A semi public zone between the building and the street. The building is partially concealed From neighbour’s garden by a screen Of bamboo.

Bamboo screens

LIGHTING AND VENTILATION

Light wells allow sunlight to filter down to each apartment, especially the first floor. All the units have windows on both sides, allowing for ample daylight as well as cross ventilation.

To avoid casting shadows onto the adjacent property ,the building was reduced to two stories on the north side adjacent to the schindler house. In addition the form in plan bends inwards away from the house to allow more breathing room and to draw attention towards the central open space.

CLIMATOLOGICAL ASPECTS

The choice of black on the southern exposure was made as an architectural proclamation, but could potentially have some benefit with regards to solar passive design. The lime green walls were a nod to nature, while the white is used to help bounce light down to the lower units.

Local managed forests produced the redwood siding, and a rainscreen helps minimize the need for repair on the complex. The rainscreen will also help cool the building by allowing air movement between the cladding and the building.

The cladding materials are set 5 cm (2 in) from the waterproofed wall to allow rain to run off without rotting the boards.

A green roof system is Used in order for the building And also helps lower the temperature around the building

Green roof

Rain screen

AESTHETICAL ASPECTS The lively collage of colours and materials, varied

fenestration, and a cut-out void on the north side give the building its distinctive character.

Bold exterior colour schemeWith lime green,white and black.

DESIGN CONCEPT

The main idea was to ease the strict divisions between a buildings public and private zonesHabitat 825 draws inspiration from Schindler in developing new forms of contemporary lifestyle through the use of light, materials, colour, and common open space.

This site presented an opportunity to address the critical issues of density, site, and the cultural and social negotiations implicit in building adjacent to significant structure.

Attempting to “kick down the bamboo wall”, Habitat 825 and its expansive use of common open space creates an urban space without borders or property lines. Ding up to broad galleries.

O'Herlihy and his team managed to place all the building's circulation in the courtyard. Residents reach their units via extra-wide walkways, which are sized to accommodate outdoor furniture and informal social gatherings. “We wanted to encourage people to deal with the public/private realm,” O'Herlihy explains. “They have to engage each other. It changes the equation a little bit.”

O'Herlihy and Loring, who doubled as the general contractor, could have filled in the courtyard with more units. If they had, though, residents' access to natural light, fresh air, and casual social interaction would have suffered. The individual condos benefit from the same high-minded approach; each balcony and terrace offers a generous amount of square footage that doesn't count toward the “official” unit size.

To keep Habitat 825 from casting shadows on the Kings Road House, the architects limited the height of its north portion to 30 feet, rather than the permitted 45 feet. Additionally, they cut a substantial void into that side of the building and angled the remaining walls away from the lot line, creating a bit of breathing room between the two properties. While these strategies defer to Schindler's building, Habitat 825 also maintains its own distinct identity. The judges enjoyed its bold exterior color scheme of lime green, white, and black. “It's a fun façade,” said one. “I like the playfulness.”The architect of ra’s 2009 Project of the Year, Lorcan O’Herlihy, FAIA, photographed at his winning project, Habitat 825 in West Hollywood, Calif.The quality that impressed them most, though, was O'Herlihy's willingness to address crucial matters of density, privacy, and public space in multifamily housing. “These are great residences from a community point of view,” observed one. “This project solves some really tough problems.”

Exquisite, designer decorated 2 bedroom + 2 bathroom West Hollywood condo located in the award-winning Lorcan O'Herlihy Architects building on Kings Road next to the renowned Schindler House. This highly desirable rear unit in a small complex with low HOA's boasts lots of light and an open floor plan. Features of the pristine unit include a private patio, Lauzon Maple hardwood floors, huge Boffi kitchen with Miele & Sub Zero appliances and custom island/bar, washer and dryer in unit, gorgeous baths, large windows, customized closets, sound system and elegant lighting. The complex features security cameras, extra storage, Direct TV or Cable, side by side parking and pet friendly. $765,000Amazing 3+3+loft home in award-winning Lorcan O'Herlihy designed building. Soaring ceilings, custom wood floors, Boffi Kitchen, Miele appliances, gleaming marble counters, custom light fixtures, massive windows, beautiful light and an elegant entry from the serene courtyard make this home a very special place. Open plan downstairs with 1 bedroom+full bath down, PLUS

*LIVE CASE-STUDYSPRINGS

APARTMENT

PROJECT DETAILS:

DESIGNED BY: DE EARTH ARCHITECTS

LOCATION•The building is located Behind Exclusive Club, O.P. Raman Road, Civil Station, Kozhikode, Kerala.•There is a bus stop about 1.5 km away from the building. •The building is located on a road about 5m wide.

*INTRODUCTION:Springs is the third project incorporated by De Earth

architects, Calicut, A three-storeyed building.Ground + two floors.8 BlocksGround floor: 2 units, 1and2 floors: 3units per floor.2and3 BHK spacious apartments with parking and

common facilities.Quality construction with pile foundations, RCC

structure and superior finishes & fixtures.

*LOCATION

TYPICAL GROUND FLOOR PLAN

TYPICAL FIRST FLOOR PLAN

APARTMENT A1 FLOOR PLAN

APARTMENT B FLOOR PLAN

APARTMENT A2 FLOOR PLAN

APARTMENT C FLOOR PLAN

Each floor has just three units(only ground has 2units) – one double bedroom unit, two triple bedroom unit with study units- making for a small intimate neighbourhood to live in.

Individual spaces and ventilation is designed with common amenities.

WATER SUPPLY•Rainwater, bore-well and corporation water connection are the sources of water for the building•The building has a filtration tank that filters out drinking water•The water is pumped into an overhead tank

FIRE SAFETY•There are fire extinguishers in every floor•There are two staircases on either ends of the buildings out of which one can be used as a fire escape stair.

ELECTRICITY SERVICE*There is a separate electrical room behind the caretakers room, located in the basement itself

VERTICAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM*There are two stairways *Stairway is 1.5m wide. It has 15cm risers and 30cm treads*Finished with matte vitrified tiles the staircase *is efficient and very appealing*There is an elevator very close to the staircase.*The lift room is 200cmx 150cm

CIRCULATION•The building has a circulation on north side.

PARKINGThere are 8 parking units providedEach parking unit is 5m x 3.0m8 parking units are provided in the ground floor with 3 parking spaces in the front.

LIGHTING AND VENTILATION•The building has a good number of openings

in the form of normal windows and windows that open out to balconies

•Almost all the toilets open up to airshafts•There is a small central courtyard.•The kitchen too opens out to a balcony

AREA ANALYSIS:

Living Room• The living rooms of the two bedroom

house is 2.6mx 3m whereas that of the three bedroom house is 3.8mx 3m

• The rooms in both cases are well lit with the help of windows

Dining Area•dining area provided in both 2 bedroom and 3 bedroom houses•Dining in 2 bedroom house – 3.20mx 1.50m;

• Kitchen• The kitchen is very compact and well

lit.• It opens out to a balcony

Bedroom• Bedrooms are optimum in size. • They are well lit and are furnished with a cupboard• In the two bedroom houses both bedroom are attached to a toilet

whereas in a three bedroom house one of the toilets is sharedToilets

• Toilets are compact in size • However the wet and the dry areas are not separated• Two bedroom house- 2.2mx 1.5m• Three bedroom house- 2.9mx 1.5m

Balconies• Balconies are present on the sides and the side of the building• Kitchens to the balconies as earlier mentioned• Balconies are common in size-1.2mx 1.9m

7.8

27.52

8.76

13.766

5.67

TWO BEDROOMLIVINGBEDROOMTOILET+DRESSINGDININGKITCHENBALCONYTotal Carpet Area: 75 sq. m.

MERITS:•The rooms are very compact and optimum circulation area is given•Ample Amount of light enters from the northernfaçade which is partially open

DEMERITS•There is no Fire Escape Stair•Toilets open out to air shafts rather than outside•Dry Areas And Wet Areas in the toilet are not separated

*Site Analysis

* Location : The site is located in the NITC campus near the Spring Valley.

* Site Area: The site is rectangular in shape and is 65m long by 40m wide. The total site area is therefore 2600sq. m.

Site Location

N

Topography * The site has a hard laterite base. Only

shallow foundations will be necessary for a g+3 building in the terrain. An estimated depth of 2.8 meters will be the required foundation depth. The site also has laterite rock protruding out at many places. This can be used as a landscape feature.

Hydrology* The water table level is very low.

The water table level was found out to be around 250 feet below the ground level. However there is a bore well 60m towards the southwest. This can be used a source for water.

* The water infiltration is very low due to the hard laterite base. Hence the water run-off will be very high. The site has a natural gradient that drains excess water mostly towards the direction of the valley

Climate•Temperature : 27˚C TO 36˚C •Relative Humidity-45 TO 90% •Heavy rainfall•Wind Direction is from the south-west to north-east direction

N

40m

65m

Vegetation There is dense vegetation on the eastern side of the site. The vegetation on site is very sparse, consisting mainly of bushes and wild grass. The vegetation on the east affects the microclimate of the site. The hills visible from the site on the western and southern sides are densely vegetated. Therefore there are some very good views towards this side. Balconies and terraces can be oriented towards this side of the site

Traffic and Transit* Site is 400m away from the main road,

hence it is easily accessible

* The site is 1500m away from the NITC academic campus

* The bus stop at 12th mile and one outside the campus is easily accessible

*Bank and other amenities are easily accessible

* There is a staff recreation club and a swimming pool near the site

Views

* The site offers some very good views towards the western and southern direction.

*A clear view of the sunset is available on the western side

* This can be taken advantage of by placing balconies on the western facade of the building

*THANK YOU………..