case study - srinakharinwirot universitymed.swu.ac.th/radiology/images/stories/education... ·...

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CASE STUDY Presented by นสพ . จิราพร ตั งกฤษณขจร นสพ . จุฑามาศ พงศ์ช้างอยู นสพ . ณัฐณิชา กังวลกิจ นสพ . พรรณปพร ดิษบรรจง นสพ . พิมพ์ประพันธ์ อุไรกุล นสพ . รัตนชาติ ศิรินิล นสพ . วศินี ชาญพิชัย นสพ . อัครภา จุฬคุปต์

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Page 1: CASE STUDY - Srinakharinwirot Universitymed.swu.ac.th/radiology/images/stories/Education... · •Signs of pneumothorax in CXR : - visible visceral pleural line - no lung markings

CASE STUDY Presented by

นสพ.จิราพร ตั้งกฤษณขจร

นสพ.จุฑามาศ พงศช์า้งอยู ่นสพ.ณฐัณิชา กงัวลกิจ

นสพ.พรรณปพร ดิษบรรจง นสพ.พิมพป์ระพนัธ์ อุไรกลุ

นสพ.รัตนชาติ ศิรินิล

นสพ.วศินี ชาญพิชยั

นสพ.อคัรภา จุฬคุปต ์

Page 2: CASE STUDY - Srinakharinwirot Universitymed.swu.ac.th/radiology/images/stories/Education... · •Signs of pneumothorax in CXR : - visible visceral pleural line - no lung markings

CASE

HN : 22052-57

Case : ผูป่้วยชายไทย อาย ุ18 ปี เช้ือชาติไทย สญัชาติไทย ศาสนาพทุธ

อาชีพนกัศึกษา ภูมิล าเนาจงัหวดัพิจิตร สิทธิโครงการนิสิต มศว

Chief Complaint : เจบ็หนา้อกดา้นขวา 2 วนั ก่อนมาโรงพยาบาล

Page 3: CASE STUDY - Srinakharinwirot Universitymed.swu.ac.th/radiology/images/stories/Education... · •Signs of pneumothorax in CXR : - visible visceral pleural line - no lung markings

HISTORY

Present Illness :

- 2 วนัก่อนมาโรงพยาบาล ผูป่้วยมีอาการเจบ็หนา้อกดา้นขวาขณะอยูเ่ฉย ๆเจบ็

ตลอดเวลา เจบ็พอทนได ้ เจบ็มากข้ึนขณะหายใจเขา้ ไม่มีอาการหอบเหน่ือย ไม่มี

อาการแน่นหนา้อก สามารถท ากิจกรรมไดป้กติ แต่อาการปวดไม่ดีข้ึน จึงมา

โรงพยาบาล ศูนยก์ารแพทยฯ์

Page 4: CASE STUDY - Srinakharinwirot Universitymed.swu.ac.th/radiology/images/stories/Education... · •Signs of pneumothorax in CXR : - visible visceral pleural line - no lung markings

HISTORY

Past History :

- 1 ปีก่อนมาโรงพยาบาล ผูป่้วยมีอาการเจบ็หนา้อกดา้นขวา เจบ็เสียดๆ ขณะ

นัง่เรียน เจบ็มากข้ึนเวลาหายใจเขา้ ไม่มีหอบเหน่ือย ไปพบแพทยไ์ดรั้บการวนิิจฉยั

เป็นกลา้มเน้ืออกัเสบ ไดย้าแกอ้กัเสบมากิน อาการดีข้ึน

Page 5: CASE STUDY - Srinakharinwirot Universitymed.swu.ac.th/radiology/images/stories/Education... · •Signs of pneumothorax in CXR : - visible visceral pleural line - no lung markings

HISTORY

Past History :

- No known underlying disease

- No known food, drugs or chemical allergy

- No history of trauma or previous surgery

- No smoking/drinking

- No current medication

Page 6: CASE STUDY - Srinakharinwirot Universitymed.swu.ac.th/radiology/images/stories/Education... · •Signs of pneumothorax in CXR : - visible visceral pleural line - no lung markings

HISTORY

Family History :

- No known genetic disease

- คนในครอบครัวไม่เคยมีอาการเหมือนผูป่้วย

Page 7: CASE STUDY - Srinakharinwirot Universitymed.swu.ac.th/radiology/images/stories/Education... · •Signs of pneumothorax in CXR : - visible visceral pleural line - no lung markings

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

Vital Signs : BT 36.5 oC HR 70 bpm RR 16/min BP 124/78 mmHg

General Appearance : A Thai male, good consciousness

HEENT : Not pale conjunctiva, anicteric sclera

Cardiovascular system : Full pulse, normal S1S2, no murmur

Respiratory System : Decreased breath sound at right lung, hyperresonant

on percussion at right lung, equal chest expansion, no crepitation.

Page 8: CASE STUDY - Srinakharinwirot Universitymed.swu.ac.th/radiology/images/stories/Education... · •Signs of pneumothorax in CXR : - visible visceral pleural line - no lung markings

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

Abdomen : No distension, no superficial vein dilatation, no visible

abdominal mass, normoactive bowel sound, soft, not tender, no guarding,

no rebound tenderness, liver and spleen can’t be palpated

Extremities : Full pulse, no rash, no petechiae, no pitting edema, capillary

refill < 2 sec

Page 9: CASE STUDY - Srinakharinwirot Universitymed.swu.ac.th/radiology/images/stories/Education... · •Signs of pneumothorax in CXR : - visible visceral pleural line - no lung markings

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

Nervous system :

- Mental status : good consciousness, E4M6V5

- Normal gait

- No neurological deficit

- Motor power grade V all extremities

- No sensory loss

- Deep tendon reflex grade 2+ all

- Normal cerebellar sign

- Stiff neck negative

Page 10: CASE STUDY - Srinakharinwirot Universitymed.swu.ac.th/radiology/images/stories/Education... · •Signs of pneumothorax in CXR : - visible visceral pleural line - no lung markings

PROBLEM LIST

1. Pleuritic chest pain 2 days PTA

2. Decreased breath sound and hyperresonance on percussion at right lung

Page 11: CASE STUDY - Srinakharinwirot Universitymed.swu.ac.th/radiology/images/stories/Education... · •Signs of pneumothorax in CXR : - visible visceral pleural line - no lung markings

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

• Spontaneous pneumothorax

• Spontaneous pneumomediastinum

• Costochondritis

• Pericarditis

• Myocardial infarction

Page 12: CASE STUDY - Srinakharinwirot Universitymed.swu.ac.th/radiology/images/stories/Education... · •Signs of pneumothorax in CXR : - visible visceral pleural line - no lung markings

PROVISIONAL DIAGNOSIS

Spontaneous pneumothorax

Page 13: CASE STUDY - Srinakharinwirot Universitymed.swu.ac.th/radiology/images/stories/Education... · •Signs of pneumothorax in CXR : - visible visceral pleural line - no lung markings
Page 14: CASE STUDY - Srinakharinwirot Universitymed.swu.ac.th/radiology/images/stories/Education... · •Signs of pneumothorax in CXR : - visible visceral pleural line - no lung markings

APPROACH FILM

Page 15: CASE STUDY - Srinakharinwirot Universitymed.swu.ac.th/radiology/images/stories/Education... · •Signs of pneumothorax in CXR : - visible visceral pleural line - no lung markings

Diagnosis : Spontaneous pneumothorax

CONCLUSION

History : Pleuritis chest pain

Physical examination : Decreased breath sound and hyperresonance on

percussion at right lung

Chest X-ray : Visible visceral pleural line at right lung, absence of lung

marking lateral to pleural line

Page 16: CASE STUDY - Srinakharinwirot Universitymed.swu.ac.th/radiology/images/stories/Education... · •Signs of pneumothorax in CXR : - visible visceral pleural line - no lung markings

PSP in CXR

ACCP 2001 : ระยะ (a)

• ≥ 3 cm = large pneumothorax

• < 3 cm = small pneumothorax

BTS 2010 : ระยะ (b)

• ≥ 2 cm = large pneumothorax

• < 2 cm = small pneumothorax

Page 17: CASE STUDY - Srinakharinwirot Universitymed.swu.ac.th/radiology/images/stories/Education... · •Signs of pneumothorax in CXR : - visible visceral pleural line - no lung markings

PSP in CXR

Size of pneumothorax by Rhea Method:

Pneumothorax size (%)

= Average interpleural distance (cm)

= (A + B + C)/3

1 = 15%

2 = 20%

3 = 30%

4 = 40%

Page 18: CASE STUDY - Srinakharinwirot Universitymed.swu.ac.th/radiology/images/stories/Education... · •Signs of pneumothorax in CXR : - visible visceral pleural line - no lung markings

MANAGEMENT

Page 19: CASE STUDY - Srinakharinwirot Universitymed.swu.ac.th/radiology/images/stories/Education... · •Signs of pneumothorax in CXR : - visible visceral pleural line - no lung markings

TIPS : Tube Malposition

1. Intraparenchymal Tube Placement

2. Fissural Tube Placement

3. Chest Wall Tube Placement

4. Mediastinal Tube Placement

5. Abdominal Placement

Page 20: CASE STUDY - Srinakharinwirot Universitymed.swu.ac.th/radiology/images/stories/Education... · •Signs of pneumothorax in CXR : - visible visceral pleural line - no lung markings

Intraparenchymal Tube Placement

• Occurs more likely in the presence of pleural adhesions or preexisting

pulmonary disease

• On CT, the tube is seen transvering the lung.

• Probably representing a haematoma due to lung laceration

Page 21: CASE STUDY - Srinakharinwirot Universitymed.swu.ac.th/radiology/images/stories/Education... · •Signs of pneumothorax in CXR : - visible visceral pleural line - no lung markings

Fissural Tube Placement

• The probability is higher when using the lateral approach.

• Outlined by a residual pneumothorax.

• Located in the region of a fissure but without areas of an

intraparenchymal opacity around it.

Page 22: CASE STUDY - Srinakharinwirot Universitymed.swu.ac.th/radiology/images/stories/Education... · •Signs of pneumothorax in CXR : - visible visceral pleural line - no lung markings

Chest Wall Tube Placement

• An unstable chest wall.

• A tube is positioned outside the parietal pleura.

• May cause bleeding from pectoralis major muscle and the breast.

• High insertion in the posterior chest wall has resulted in Horner’s

syndrome.

Page 23: CASE STUDY - Srinakharinwirot Universitymed.swu.ac.th/radiology/images/stories/Education... · •Signs of pneumothorax in CXR : - visible visceral pleural line - no lung markings

Mediastinal Tube Placement

• Placing chest tubes far into the thorax can result in perforation of heart,

injuries to large vessels, perforation of the oesophagus, and nerve

injuries.

Page 24: CASE STUDY - Srinakharinwirot Universitymed.swu.ac.th/radiology/images/stories/Education... · •Signs of pneumothorax in CXR : - visible visceral pleural line - no lung markings

Abdominal Placement

• Usually occurs when tube thoracostomy is performed too low.

• Injuries to the spleen, liver, and stomach.

Page 25: CASE STUDY - Srinakharinwirot Universitymed.swu.ac.th/radiology/images/stories/Education... · •Signs of pneumothorax in CXR : - visible visceral pleural line - no lung markings

Case Progression

Page 26: CASE STUDY - Srinakharinwirot Universitymed.swu.ac.th/radiology/images/stories/Education... · •Signs of pneumothorax in CXR : - visible visceral pleural line - no lung markings
Page 27: CASE STUDY - Srinakharinwirot Universitymed.swu.ac.th/radiology/images/stories/Education... · •Signs of pneumothorax in CXR : - visible visceral pleural line - no lung markings
Page 28: CASE STUDY - Srinakharinwirot Universitymed.swu.ac.th/radiology/images/stories/Education... · •Signs of pneumothorax in CXR : - visible visceral pleural line - no lung markings

0.6 cm subpleural bleb

at apical segment of RUL

Page 29: CASE STUDY - Srinakharinwirot Universitymed.swu.ac.th/radiology/images/stories/Education... · •Signs of pneumothorax in CXR : - visible visceral pleural line - no lung markings

After Video-Assisted Thoracic

Surgery (VATS) with lung blebs

resection

Page 30: CASE STUDY - Srinakharinwirot Universitymed.swu.ac.th/radiology/images/stories/Education... · •Signs of pneumothorax in CXR : - visible visceral pleural line - no lung markings

TAKE-HOME MESSAGE

• Signs of pneumothorax in CXR :

- visible visceral pleural line

- no lung markings are seen peripheral to this line

- the peripheral space is radiolucent compared to adjacent lung

- the lung may completely collapse

- subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum may also be present