cases and materials on criminal law and procedure
TRANSCRIPT
CASES AND MATERIALS ON CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE
PreliminarY Sixth Edition
1990
M.L. Friedland
'■jv .
and
Kent Roach
Faculty of Law
University of Toronto
PART TPIREE
DEFENCES AND DISPOSITIONS
LAW LIBRARY
AUG 30 1990
FAutiii I Of LAim UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO
IfAtULTY OP- LAW LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO
CaSES AND MATERIALS OT CRIMINAL lAW AND PROCEDURE
PrelLminary Sixth Edition
1990
M.L. Frledland
and
Kent Roach
Faculty of Law
University of Toronto
PART THREE
DEFENCES AND DISPOSmCNS
} \ t ; I
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2018 with funding from
University of Toronto
https://archive.org/details/casesmaterialson03frie
TKESLE OF GCNIENIS
I^rt One
TBE CSOXniHL HCCESS
PAGE
mmoDOcncif id oominal us^ and prdcecgbe i
Excecpt frcm Studies in Strict Liability 1
Statistical Breakdown of Criminal Offences 5 in Canada 1988
l. Scheme of the Criminal Code 7
n. The Criminal Code as Federal legislation 7
Excerpt frcm "Criminal Justice and the Division of Fewer in Canada” 7
.qwitTman v. Flblincr 11
Schneider v. R. 12
m. Codification: The Criminal As a Statute 14
A) History of the Criminal Code 14
Excerpt from "The Criminal Law, 1867-1967" 14
B) Common Law Defences 16
Amato V. R. 16
C) Ccaonmon Law Offences 17
Frev V. Fedoruk 17
D) Note on the Common law Offence of Conteirpt of Court 19
R. V. Qihn - - 19
1
P. V. Martin 20
11
R. V. KbPVto 20
E) Vagueness and Certainty in the Criminal Law 21
R, V. Heffer 21
PaDachristou et al v. City of Jacksonville 25
F) Strict Canstrrjcticai of the Criminal Code 28
R. V. Goulis 28
R. V. Pare 31
R. V. Prevost 36
2 IHE INVESECGKnrCN OF C3CEME 37
Excerpt frcm "Constitutionalizing Disr^jute: Exclusion of Evidence After Therens" 38
I. Questioning Suspects 43
A) Ihe Common law Governing Confessions 43
PntidTt^u V. The Kina 43
B) Confessions and the Ri^t to Counsel 45
Clarkson v. R. 45
R. V. Manninen 51
R. V. Brvdaes 54
Miranda y, Arizona 57
R. V. Rc^ytotham et al. 59
C) Jcdlhouse Confessions 61
Rothman v. R. 61
R. V. Hebert - - 66
Excerpt ffan "L.R.C. Working Paper 32 Questioning Suspects” 77
Ill
Excerpt frcm "L.R.C. R^»rt 23 Questioning Suspects” 77
H.! Entrapment 78
TCi-nm^-r V. The Queen 78
R, v; Jewitt 80
R> V. Amato 81
R. V. Made 85
R. V. Shc^mian 90
Excerpt from "Controlling Entrapment” 91
m. Search, Seizure and Arrest 93
A) Ihe Protection of Privacy 93
Hunter v. Scutham 93
Themsen Newspapers Ltd, v. Canada 97
R. V. TfaReau and Lofthouse 99
B) Prior Judicial Authorization of Search and Seizure 103
Excerpt frcm "L.R.C. WorJeing Paper 30 Police Powers - Search and Seizure in Criminal law Enforcement” 103
A.G. of Nova Scotia v. MacIntyre 104
R. V. Bavlis 104
C) The Effect of Ctotaining a Search Warrant 105
U.S. V. Leon 105
D) Exclusion of Evidence Obtained in Violation of Section 8 of the Charter 105
R. V. Wrav 105
R. V. Collins - 106
Excerpt frcm "L.R.C. R^xsrt 24 Search and Seizure” 112
iv
IV.
Arrest
Excerpt frcm "L.R.C. R^»rt 29 Arrest”
R. V. Rao
R. V. Morrison
Cloutier V- Tancrlnia-
•R. V. Rgaarp,
R. V. Pithart
115
115
116
116
116
117
117
Constitutional Restraints on the Investigation of Crime: A Case Study of Drunk Driving 119
R. V. Therens 119
R. V. Thcmsen 120
R. V. Hufskv 123
R. V. ladouceur 125
R. V. Dyment 128
3 OSE aOHniAL TRIAL IRDCESS 132
I. The Donald Marshall Case 133
Note on Appeals 133
A) Marshall's Appeals 134
R. V. Marshall (1972) 134
R. V. Ma-rshall (1983) 143
B) Excerpt fron the "Royal Canmission on the Donald Marshall Jr., Prosecution” 148
H. The Role of the Prosecutor and Defence Counsel 160
Boucher v. R. 160
Nelles V. R. - 161
Disclosure 162
V
Pules of Professional Conduct 162
R. V. Bouraet 162
i Excerpt frcm '*Tlie Royal Ccammission on the Donald Marshall Jr., Prosecution ” 164
Plea Bargaining 166
Excerpt frcm '"Ihe Prosecutor" 166
Adaev’ v. R. • 167
Excerpt from "L.R.C. WorteLng Paper 15 Criminal Procedure; Control of the Process" 172
Excerpt frcm "L.R.C. WorJdng Paper 60 Plea Discussions and Agreements" 172
Rules of Professional Conduct 174
Excerpt frcm "Defending a Criminal Case" 175
m. Pre-trial Release 180
Excerpt frcm "L.R.C. Wbrldng Paper 57 Canpelling Afpearance^ Interim Release and Pre-Trial Detention" 181
R. V. Thompson 182
R. V. Brav 184
R. V. Pucislev 185
R. V. Kevork 186
IV. Classification of Offences 187
V. Preliminary Hearing 189
Patterson v. R. 190
Caccamo v. R. 193
R. V. Skooman 195
VI. Trial Within a Reasonable Time 197
vn. Pre-Trial Publicity and Ciiange of Venue 198
R. V. Brvant 198
vi
R. V. Ebsarv 200
Excerpt frcm "L.R.C. Wbr^cing Paper 56 Public and Media Access to the Criminal Process" 202
vm. The Jury 203
R. V. Turpin and siddigui 203
R. V. Lyons 209
R. V. FmilQ 209
A) Selecting the Jury 209
Excerpt from '*The Royal Ccanmission on the Donald Marshall Jr., Prosecution"
209
R. V. Kent et al. 210
R. V. Favel 210
R- V. WnbhPT-t- 212
R. V. Zundel 213
B) Jury Unanimity 216
latoiir V. R. 216
R. V. Isaac 217
Thatcher v. R. 219
IX. Evidence and Argument Before the Jury 221
R. V. <^lTTion 221
Excerpt frcm "The Royal Ccmmission on the Donald Marshall Jr., Prosecution" 222
Vezeau v. R. 223
R. V. Boss 223
R. V. Corbett 224
X. Quantum and Burden of Proof 230
Woolminoton v. D.P.P. 230
Vll
R. V. Shelley 235
R. V. Oa3ces 236
R. V. Whvte 239
R. V. Godfrey 243
R. V. Metro News 244
R. V. Schwartz 244
R. V. Summers 246
R. v« Hepworth and Feamlev 247
R. V. Tachance 248
R. V. Cainbbell 250
R. V. Ga-ndiner 250
4 TSE LDCEDS OF THE OOMINaL lAW 251
I. Preliminary Readings 251
Excerpt trcm "llie Wblfenden R^xDrt" 251
Excerpt frcm "T5ie Enforcement of Morals" 253
Excerpt from "Ihe Function of Criminal Law" 257
Excerpt frcm "Pornography and Prostitution in Canada" 258
Bcwers v. Hardwick 263
R. V. Skinner 264
n. Abortion 268
Excerpt from "L,R.C. Wbridng Paper 58 Crimes Against the Foetus" 268
R. V. Bourne - 269
R. V. Mornentaler (1974^ 275
• • • vm
R. V. Mornentaler (1975) 275
R. V. Mornentaler fl988) 280
s Borc^^^sJd. V, A.G. of Canada 290
Daigle v. Tranblav 290
Criminal Code Amendment 291
m. Hate Literature 292
R. V. Buzzanoa and Durocdier 293
R. V. Zundel 296
R. V. Keeostra 299
R. V. Andrews 303
Excerpt fran "L.R.C. Working Paper 50 Hate Prcpaganda” 307
ix
Part Two
HINDSMBIIS^ HONCIPLES OF CSOXnaL lilABIinnY
PAGE
5 ISE CRIMINAL ACT: EXEEFNAL CERCCM313^NC£S OF TBE QFEmS 309
Excerpt frcm "Criminal Law** 309
R. V. Miller 309
Excerpt frcm "L.R.C. Ri^»rt 31 Recodifying Qnjninal law** 310
R. V. Corrier 310
Fagan v. Ccanmissioner of Metropol itan Pol ice 314
Brattv V. A.G. for Northern Ireland 317
R. V. Ta-rsnnnPinr 317
I. Omissions 318
Problem 318
Excerpt frcm ’*A Penal Code Pr^jared by the Indian law Ccmmissioners** 318
People V. Beardsley 321
R. V. Instan 324
Ccmmonwealth v. Cali 326
R. V. Miller 327
Horsley V. MagTa-mn 328
Excerpt frcm "Medicine and the law - Withholding Paediatric Medical Care'* 330
R. V. Goulis 330
R. V. Colucci • 331
Excerpt frcm '*L.R.C. Ri^Dort 31 Recodifying
X
Criminal law** 331
n. Causaticn 332
» R. V. Wirmina 333
R. V. Jordan 333
R. V. Smith 335
Pecple V. Lewis 338
R. V. Kitchina anti Arfanig 339
R. V. Malcherek 340
R. V. Green and HarHaon 340
Esccerpt fran "L.R.C. R^)ort 31 Recodifying Criminal law" 341
R. V. Smithers 341
R. V. Blaue 343
Paaet± v, R. 344
Esccerpt frcm "Studies in Criminal law" 346
Excerpt frcm "L.R.C. R^xmrt 31 Recodifying Criminal law*' 347
m. Constructive Murder 347
Excerpt frcm "Frcm Felony Murder to Acconplice Felony Attenpted Murder: The RaJce's Progress Compleat?" 347
Excerpt frcm "L.R.C. Wbr3dng Paper 33 Hcmicide" 349
Excerpt from "L.R.C. Ri^»rt 31 Recodifying Criminal Law*' 353
Vaillancourt v. R. 354
R. V. Giff 362
6 ATHMPT and RFTATFD problems 365
xi
l. Mens Rea for an Attenpt 365
Laioie v. R. 365
R. V. Ancio 369
R. V. loaan 372
H. Actus Reus for an Attenpt 373
R. V. Rnhinson 373
D.P.P. V. Ston^ouse 377
R. V. Barker 377
R. V. Cline 381
R. V. Sorrell and Bondett 384
Deutsdi V. R. 386
Davev v. Lee 387
Balooh V. crown Court at Albans 387
Excerpt from "English law Ccanmission's WorJdng Paper No. 50, Inchoate Offences” 387
Excerpt from "L.R.C. R^XDrt 31 Recodifying Criminal law** 388
Excerpt frcm '*Should We Have a Law of Attempted Crime?” 389
Problem 389
m. Impossibility 390
R. V. Scott 390
Booth V. State of Oklahoma 391
R. V. Donnellv 396
R. V. Smith ('Rogers 397
Partington v. Williams - 402
Director of Public Prosecutions v. Nock 402
Xll
Petering v. R. 403
Anderton v. Rvan 403
R. V. ShivDuri 404
IV. Ot±ier Forms of Involvement: Counselling, Con^iracy, Aiding and Abetting, etc. 405
R. V. Dunoev 405
A) Counselling 406
R. V. MnTfand 406
R. V. RictiaTTj 407
B) Aiding and Abetting 408
R. V. Klilbank-i 408
R. V. Salaito 410
Dunlop and Sylvester v. R. 411
R. V. Popen 412
R. V. Madioan 413
Poitras v. R. 415
R. V. Greenlaw 418
R. V. Meston 418
Sotolc^^sld. V. R. 418
Excerpt fran "L.R.C. Ri^ort 31 Recodifying Cri.minal Law*' 419
C) Ccanmcn Intention 420
R. V. Maier and Clark 420
R. V. Trineer 421
R. V. Riezebos 424
R. V. Ha-rric; - 426
V. First Degree Murder 429
Drpste V. R. 429
R. V. Nvqaard and Schimmens 429
R. V. Stev^TS 431
R. V. Munro and MUnro 432
R. V. Collins ' 433
R. V. Prevost 436
R. V. Vfoods and Gruener 439
R. V. Pollan and Newstead 439
R. V. Pare 439
Excerpt from "L.R.C. Report 31 Recodifying Criminal Law** 441
7 TEE MEMIM. SI2^: RBQDIREMEIIIS OF COm^EimY 443
R. V. Tolson 443
Excerpt from '*English law Commission Wor3dng Paper No. 31 The Mental Element in Crime" 444
Excerpt from '*The Criminal Law in Canadian Society** 444
I. Model Penal Code and other Legislative Solutions 445
Excerpt from '*A.L.I. Model Penal Code" 445
Excerpt from **The Model Penal Code** (Lecture by Professor Wechsler) 446
Excerpt from "New York Revised Penal Law** 447
Excerpt from '*English Law Commission's Working Paper No. 31, The Mental Element in Crime" 448
Excerpt from '*L.R.C. R^»rt 31 Recodifying Criminal law** 449
H. Intent 450
R. V. Steane 450
xiv
Dunbar v. R. 453
Paquette v. R. 454
R. V. George 458
m. Recklessness / criminal Negligence 463
R. V. Titchner 463
Trf^lanri v. R. 465
R. V. Caldwell 465
R. V. lewrence 466
R. V. Tutton and Tutton 466
R. V. Waite 475
IV. Presumed Intent 476
Problem 476
D.P.P. V. Smith 476
Parker v. R. 478
Hvam V. D.P.P. 479
R. V. Huctfies 479
R. V. Tennant and Naccarato 479
R. V. 481
R. V. DeWblfe 482
R. V. Vasil 487
R. V. Chabot 491
8 STRICT RESPCNSIErmY 492
R. V. Pina Yuen - 492
R. V. Reaina Cold Storaae & Forwarding Co. Ltd. 495
XV
Beaver v. R. 497
R. V. Pierce Fisheries 504
R. V. City of Saiilt Ste. Ma-rig> 505
Strasser v. Pnh^-nq«a 510
R. V. CSnanin 511
Reference Re Section 94(2^ of the Motor Vehicle Act 512
Irvin Toy Ltd, v. CXiebec fAttomev-KSeneral^ 515
R. V. Metro News Ltd. 516
R. V Wholesale Travel Group Inc, 519
Stevens v. R. 521
R. V. McLeod 523
Problem 524
9 MISTAKE OF FACT 527
R. V. Prince 527
R. V. Rees 531
D.P.P. V. Morgan 534
Paopaicbn v. R. 535
Sansreoret v. R. 542
La\i30iim. Buliner and Illinovorth v. R. 544
R. V. Ladue 546
R. V. Bumess 548
R. V. I^mdeus 549
Excerpt from "L.R.C. Resort 31 Recodifying Criminal law** 551
xvi
10 lOO^ANCE OF IHE lAW 553
R. V. Bailey 553
R. V. Escp 555
R. V. Ross 555
Excerpt frcm ’*T3ie Ontario Regulations Act” 558
Excerpt frcsn '*lhe Statutory Instruments Act” 558
Molis V. R. 559
R. ex. rel. Irvin v. Dallev 559
R. V. Prue and Baril 561
R. V. MacDouaall 562
Boqjs V. R. 562
R. V. Dochertv 563
R. V. Cainr±?ell T^yna-ndiuk 563
R. V. MacIntyre 569
R. V. Maclean 569
Excerpt from "National Security: The Legal Dimensions” 569
R. V. Cancoil Thermal CorTX)ration and Parldjison 570
R. V, Hcwson 571
R. V. Shvm3ccvn.ch 573
Excerpt frcm "L.R.C. Report 31 Recodifying Criminal Law** 574
11 CXRPCRMIE T.TAHi r.iMV 576
R. V. Fane Robinson Ltd. 576
R. v» Andrews Weatherfoil Ltd 580
xvii
R. V. Waterloo Mercury Sales Ltd. 582
R. V. 584
Caradian Dredge and Dock Co. Ltd, v. R. 587
Excerpt frcm "L.R.C. Report 31 Recodifying Criminal Law** 592
R. V. N.M. Paterson & Sons Ltd. 594
R. V. Amwav Corporation and A-G Ont. 594
Part Hiree
TEFEltCES AND DISFOSmCMS
PAGE
12 ERDNKENNESS 595
Problem 595
D.P.P. V. Beard 596
I. Capacity to Form the Intent 604
Fisher v. P. 604
R. V. Seouin 607
Young v. R. 608
rr. Drunkenness and Specific Intent 609
D.P.P. V. Maiewski 609
learv v. R. 613
R. V. Moreau 616
Swietlinski v. R. 617
Cooper V, R. 617
Bernard v. R. 618
R. V. Quinn 627
Excerpt from "L.R.C. Ri^xDrt 31 Recodifying Criminal law” 627
13 INSANITY 629
I. Stages of Criminal Process in vaiich Insanity May be Relevant - 629
A) Certification Before Trial 629
xix
Excerpt frcm the Ontario '^Mental Health Act" 629
B) Fitness to Stand Trial 632
Excerpt frcm the Ontario "Mental Health Act" 633
Excerpt frcm "L.R.C. H^ort 31 Recodifying Criminal law** 634
C) Insanity as a Defence 635
Excerpt frcm "L.R.C. Report 5 Mental Disorder in the Criminal Process" 636
R. V. Saxell 636
R. V. Swain 637
Jones V. United States 639
D) Who Can Raise the Insanity Issue 639
R. V. Sinroson 639
R. V. Saxell 640
E) Effect on a Requisite Mental State 641
More V. R. 641
R. V. Baltzer 642
R. V. Wrioht 643
F) Sentence 643
Excerpt frcm "Enforcing the Law" 643
Excerpt frcm "L.R.C. R^jort 5 Mental Disorder in the Criminal Process" 645
R. V, Boomhower 645
R. V. Deans 645
G) Transfer frcm Penal Institution to Mental Hospital - 646
H) Executive Clemency 647
XX
Excerpt frcm the 'T^eport of the Royal Camnissicn on the Law of Insanity as a Defence in Criminal Cases" 647
H. s Insanity as a Defence 648
Prcblem 648
M*Nacditen's Case 651
R. V. Simpson 655
Cooper V. R. 656
R. V. Windle 657
R. V. Coders 659
Excerpt frcm the 'T^^xDrt of the Royal Commission on the Law of Insanity as a Defence in Criminal Cases" 660
Schwartz v. R. 664
Cooper V. R. 669
R. V. Kieldsen 671
R. V. Simpson 671
R- V. Ahhgjy 671
R. V. Kiri±>v 674
R. V. TandTy 675
Excerpt frcm "L.R.C. Wbricing Paper 29 Criminal law, Ihe General Part: Liability and Defences" 677
Excerpt frcm "L.R.C. Rf^xDrt 31 Recodifying Criminal Law^' 677
m. Alternatives to M^Naghten 678
Durham v. United States 678
Brawner 681
Excerpt frcm "Abolish the Insanity Defence - Why Not?" 685
685
XXL
Excerpt frcm article by Professor Dershowitz
IV. Form of Expert Testimony 688
Bleta V. R. 688
14 ADTCMKnSM 692
Problem 692
P. V. 692
I. Convictian for Causing Death 693
Fain v. Ccmmonwealth of Kentucky 693
Excerpt frcm the "Toronto Star** 696
R. V. Shaw 697
U. Proving Automatism 698
Kin V. 698
HI. Relation to Insanity 701
R. V. Chari son 701
R. V. Kemp 704
R. V. Quick 705
R. V. Sullivan 708
R. V. Parks 709
R- V. Hartridae 709
R. V. Revelle ' 710
R. V. K 710
Rahgy v. R. 715
Excerpt frcm "L.R.C. Ri^rt 31 Recodifying Criminal Law** - 721
IV. Provocation 722
Salamon v. R 722
xxu.
Becider v. D.P.P. 725
D,P.P» V. Camplin 728
R. V. Hill (1982) 729
R. V. Hill (1986) 730
R. V. Lv 734
R. V. Galoav 736
R, V. Nealy 737
15 9CME ASFECTS OF E5fiCDSABIE OCMDOCT; NECESSITY, OGRESS, AND SEIF-CEFENCE 738
I. Necessity 738
United States v. Holmes 738
R. V. ntidlev and Stechens 744
Moraentaler v. R. (1975) 748
Perka v. R. 753
R. V. Moraentaler (1985) 759
Excerpt frcm "L.R.C. Ri^»rt 31 Recodifying Crijninal Law** 760
II. Duress 761
R. V. Carker 762
R. V. Hudson and Tavlor 766
R. V. Morrison and McQueen 768
Abhn1-h V. R. 770
R. V. Howe 772
Excerpt from "English Law Commission Worldjig Paper No. 55" 773
773
xxlii
Excerpt frcm "L.R.C. R^»rt 31 Recodifying Criminal law”
m. - Self-Defence 774
Brown v. United States 775
R. V. lavallee 776
R, V. Reilly 785
People V. Rg^ma-nd Goetz 786
Excerpt frcm ”A Crime of Self-Defence" 788
Beckford v. R. 789
R. V. Reilly 790
Brisson v. R. 791
R. V. Paid 791
Excerpt from "L.R.C. R^XDrt 31 Recodifying Criminal law** 792
16 DOOBIE JBDEARCY 793
Green v. United States 793
R. V. Shublev 794
I. Early Termination 797
R. V. Karpinslcv 797
R. V. T.C.D. 799
Re Parkin and The Queen 800
R. V. Moore 801
II. When Will a Dismissal be a Bar? 803
R. V. Riddle 803
Petersen v. R. 806
R. V. Conrad 807
X3CLv
R. V. Tateham 807
Hie Special Pleas 808
R. V. Barron 808
R. V. Rirmie 810
Luckett V. R. 812
Issue Estcppel 813
R. V. Carlson 813
R. V. Feelev. McDermott and Wricdit 819
R. V. Gushue C19731 820
R. V. Gushue (1316'\ 822
Gushue V. R. ri979^ 822
Grdic V. R. 824
R. V. Seoal 825
R. V. Elmosri 825
Splitting a Case 827
Connellv v. D.P.P. 827
R. V. Osborn 831
Rourke v. R. 831
R. V. Jewitt 832
R. V. B. 834
Multiple Convictions 836
Kienanole v. R. 836
Cote V. R. 836
R. V. Haaenlocher 837
Krua V. R. 837
R. V. Prince 838
XXV
840 R. V. Wiaman
VH. , _ Appeals and New Trials 841
Excerpt from '*Ri^xDrt of the D^artmental Ccmmittee on New Trials in Criminal cases" 841
Vezeau V. R. 842
R. V, Morin 843
Hill V. R. 844
R. V. Century 21 Ramos Realty 844
Vin. Problems in a Divided Jurisdiction 846
R. V. Kissick 846
IMited States v. Tar>g:a 848
Abbate V. United States 848
17 SMENCrNG 850
I. Prc±)lems 850
n. General Principles 852
R. V, Pearce 852
R. V. Hinch and Salanski 855
R. V. Sumaiah 861
R, V. Morrisette 865
R. V. Sandercock 869
Excerpt from "Sentencing Reform A Canadian Approacdi" 873
R. V. Ebsarv 878
R. V. Gardine-r _ 880
HI. Canstitutional Considerations 882
xxvi
Reference Re Section 94(2^ of the B.C. Motor Vehicle Act 882
- R« V. Smith ■ • 883 (
R. V. Mitdiell 887
A Note on Parole and Remission 887
A Note cn Indeterminata Detention 888
R. V. Lyons 888
R. V. mne 889
IV. Sentoicing Options Other than Drprisonnient 890
Excerpt fixm "S^itencing Reform A Canadian J^roacti” 890
A Note on Absolute and CcnditiOTial Disdiarge 890
A Note on Probation 891
A Note on Restitutian 891
A Note on Fines 891
R. V. Hefcb 892
V. Gmder and Race Considerations in Sentoicing 896
R. V. Fireman 896
R. V. Naouitaruik 899
VI. Sentencing Policy and Reform 902
Excerpt fran “Sentaicing Reform A C^iadian Approadi” 903