Categorized Na’vi v. 14.1

Compiled by Mark Millerwww.LearnNavi.org

Last updated: June 15th, 2019

This is a Na’vi Dictionary, categorized by Part of Speech. Bold indicates Na’vi word. Ita-lics indicate English definition. Plain text indicates grammatical categorization: parenthesesindicate further notes. We have included mid-dots in the IPA to mark where infixes are tobe placed, where t«pre-first»«1»ar«2»on are the positions. Proper nouns have been capitalized.Knowledge of lenition processes, including vowel reduction and ellision, will be assumed. No-te also that variants, where specified, are subject only to personal preference.

Abbreviations:

– = morpheme boundary+ = leniting morpheme boundary<> = infix morphemeadj. = adjectiveadp. = adpositionadv. = adverbconj. = conjunctionc.w. = compound worddem. = demonstrativeintj. = interjectioninter. = interrogativen. = nounnfp. = not for people

num. = numberofp. = only for peoplepart. = particlepn. = pronounprop.n. = proper nounv. = verbsvin. = stative intransitive verbvtr. = transitive verbvin. = intransitive verbvtrm. = transitive modal verbvim. = intransitive modal verbsbd. = subordinated

Sources

• PF = Dr. Paul Frommer• M = The Movie• JC = James Cameron• G = the Avatar Games• ASG = The Survival Guide• PND = Pandorapedia.com

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adj.

’a’aw: ["Pa.Paw] PF adj. a few, several (Usedwith countable nouns in the singular form)

’ango: ["Pa.No] PF adj. soft (of a sound)’awve: ["Paw.vE] PF adj. first (ordinal) (derived

from ’aw one)’änsyem: [Pæn."sjEm] PF adj. complete’e’al: ["PE.Pal] PF adj. worst’ekxin: [PE."k'in] PF adj. tight’engeng: ["PEN.EN] PF adj. level’eoio: ["PE.o.i.o] PF adj. ceremonious’ewan: ["PE.wan] PF adj. young’ipu: ["Pi.pu] PF adj. humorous, funny, amusing’o’: [PoP] PF adj. bringing fun, exciting’om: [Pom] PF adj. violet, purple, magentaalaksi: [a."lak.si] PF adj. readyam’ake: [am."Pa.kE] PF adj. sure, confident (c.w.

from am’a doubt and ke not)apxa: [a."p'a] PF adj. large nfp.atxar: [a."t'aR] PF adj. smell of living animals, as

found around a watering holeean: ["E.an] PF adj. blue, greenekxtxu: [Ek'."t'u] PF adj. roughep’ang: [Ep."PaN] PF adj. complexetrìp: ["Et.RIp^] PF adj. favorable, auspiciouseyawr: [E."jawR] PF adj. correct, rightfaoi: ["fa.o.i] PF adj. smoothfe’: [fEP] PF adj. bad nfp.fe’lup: ["fE.lup^] PF adj. tacky, in poor taste (c.w.

from fe’ bad and lupra style)fekumnga’: ["fE.kum.NaP] PF adj. disadvanta-

geous (derived from fekum disadvantage,drawback, downside)

fewtusok: ["fEw.tu.sok^] PF adj. opposite, on theopposite side (derived from few– across)(Incasual speech, fewtsok (few.�tsok)

fkay: [fkaj] PF adj. hatefulfkew: [fkEw] PF adj. mightyfkxaranga’: ["fk'a.Ra.NaP] PF adj. stressful (de-

rived from fkxara stress)flì: [flI] PF adj. thin nfp.flrr: [flr

"] PF adj. gentle, mild, tender (people or

things)fnawe’: [fna."wEP] PF adj. cowardlyfpomronga’: [fpom."Ro.NaP] PF adj. healthful

(mentally) (c.w. from fpom well-being, peace,happiness and ronsem mind) nfp.

fpomtokxnga’: [fpom."tok'.NaP] PF adj. healt-hful (physically) (c.w. from fpom well-being,peace, happiness and tokx body) nfp.

fpxamo: ["fp'a.mo] PF adj. terrible, horrible, aw-ful

ftär: [ftæR] PF adj. left (not right)ftue: ["ftu.E] PF adj. easy, simpleftxavang: ["ft'a.vaN] PF adj. passionateftxìlor: [ft'I."loR] PF adj. delicious, good tasting

(c.w. from ftxì tongue and lor beautiful)ftxìvä’: [ft'I."væP] PF adj. bad tasting (c.w. from

ftxì tongue and vä’ noisome)fwang: [fwaN] PF adj. savory, umami, richfwel: [fwEl] PF adj. brokenfwem: [fwEm] PF adj. dull, blunt (as a point)fyeng: [fjEN] PF adj. steepfyeyn: [fjEjn] PF adj. ripe, mature, adultfyin: [fjin] PF adj. simplefyole: ["fjo.lE] PF adj. sublime, beyond perfectionfyolup: ["fJo.lup^] PF adj. exquisite, sublime in

style (c.w. from fyole sublime and lupra sty-le)

hafyonga’: [ha."fjo.NaP] PF adj. wise (derivedfrom hafyon wisdom) nfp.

ham: [ham] PF adj. previoushasey: [ha."sEj] PF adj. done, finishedhay: [haj] PF adj. nexthewne: ["hEw.nE] PF adj. soft (of an object)hiyìk: ["hi.jIk^] PF adj. funny, strangehì’i: ["hI.Pi] PF adj. small, little (in size)hìm: [hIm] PF adj. small (in quantity)hìno: [hI."no] PF adj. fine, detailed, precise, intri-

cate (of things)hoet: ["ho.Et^] PF adj. vast, broad, expansivehol: [hol] PF adj. fewhona: ["ho.na] PF adj. endearing, adorable, cuteingyenga’: ["iN.jE.NaP] PF adj. mysterious, puzz-

ling, enigmatic (derived from ingyen feelingof mystery)

kakpam: [kak."pam] PF adj. deaf (derived frompam sound)

kakrel: [kak."REl] PF adj. blind (derived fromrel image, picture)

kalin: [ka."lin] PF adj. sweet to the tastekangay: [ka."Naj] PF adj. valid (cognate with

ngay true)kanu: ["ka.nu] PF adj. smart, intelligent ofp.

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kawkxan: [kaw."k'an] PF adj. free, unblocked,unobstructed, clear (c.w. from ke ’aw not oneand ekxan barricade, obstruction)

kawng: [kawN] PF adj. bad, evilkawnglan: ["kawN.lan] PF adj. malicious, bad he-

arted (c.w. from kawng bad, evil and txe’lanheart)

kawnomum: [kaw."no.mum] PF adj. unknown(c.w. from ke not and omum know)

ke’aw: [kE."Paw] PF adj. divided, torn apart,strife-ridden (c.w. from ke not and ’aw one)

kea: ["kE.a] PF adj. no (before a noun)kefpomronga’: [kE.fpom."Ro.NaP] PF adj. unhe-

althful (mentally) (c.w. from ke not and fp-omronga’ healthful (mentally)) nfp.

kefpomtokxnga’: [kE.fpom."tok'.NaP] PF adj.unhealthful (physically) (c.w. from ke not andfpomtokxnga’ healthful (physically)) nfp.

keftxo: [kE."ft'o] PF adj., intj. unhappy, upset,’How sad!’

kelemweypey: [kE.lEm."wEj.pEj] PF adj. impa-tient (derived from ke not and lemweypeypatient)

kelfpomron: [kEl.fpom."Ron] PF adj. unhealthy(mentally) (c.w. from ke not and lefpomronhealthy (mentally)) ofp.

kelfpomtokx: [kEl.fpom."tok'] PF adj. unhealt-hy (physically) (c.w. from ke not and fpom-tokx health) ofp.

kelhoan: [kEl."ho.an] PF adj. uncomfortable (de-rived from hoan comfort)

kelkin: [kEl."kin] PF adj. unnecessarykelpxìmrun: [kEl."p'Im.Run] PF adj. rare (deri-

ved from ke not and lepxìmrun common)kelsar: [kEl."saR] PF adj. useless, in vain (c.w.

from ke not and lesar useful)keltrrtrr: [kEl."tr

".tr"] PF adj. unusual (derived

from ke not and letrrtrr ordinary)keltsun: [kEl.">tsun] PF adj. impossible (c.w.

from ke not and tsun be able)kemwiä: [kEm."wi.æ] PF adj. improper, unfair,

wrong, unjustified (c.w. from ke not andmuiä proper, fair, right, justified)

kerusey: ["kE.Ru.sEj] PF adj. dead (c.w. from kenot and r«us»ey alive (participle infix))

kesran: [kE."sRan] PF adj. so-so, mediocre (c.w.from ke not and sran yes) (The derivation ofthis word is not entirely clear. It may haveoriginally been kesrankekehe, literally, ’not

yes, not no,’ in reference to whether a cer-tain action was performed well or not, andover time it became shortened to just kes-ran, its use expanding to include anythingonly mediocre in quality.)

keteng: ["kE.tEN] PF adj. different (c.w. from kenot and teng same, equal)

ketrìp: ["kEt.RIp^] PF adj. unfortunate, inauspi-cious (derived from etrìp favorable)

ketsran: [kE.">tsRan] PF adj., conj. no matter, nomatter what, whatever (c.w. from ke not andtsranten Matter, be of importance)

ketsuktiam: [kE.>tsuk."ti.am] PF adj. un-countable, infinite (derived from ketsuk– notable to do and tiam count)

ketsuktswa’: [kE.>tsuk.">tswaP] PF adj. unforget-table (derived from ketsuk– not able to doand tswa’ forget)

kewong: ["kE.woN] PF adj. alienkeyawr: [kE."jawR] PF adj. incorrect, wrong, not

right (c.w. from ke not and eyawr correct)kive: ["ki.vE] PF adj. seventh (ordinal) (derived

from kinä seven)kì’ong: [kI."PoN] PF adj. slowkìmar: [kI."maR] PF adj. in season (of foods, vege-

table or animal)kllvawm: ["kl

".vawm] PF adj. brown (c.w. from

kllte ground and vawm dark)koak: ["ko.ak^] PF adj. old, aged (for living

things)kosman: [ko."sman] PF adj. wonderful, terrific,

fantastickoum: ["ko.um] PF adj. rounded, curvedku’up: ["ku.Pup^] PF adj. heavy (physical weight)kxanì: ["k'a.nI] PF adj. forbiddenkxapnga’: ["k'ap.NaP] PF adj. threatening (deri-

ved from kxap threat) nfp.kxayl: [k'ajl] PF adj. highkxänäng: ["k'æ.næN] PF adj. smell of decaying

animal/flesh, rotting, putridkxuke: ["k'u.kE] PF adj. safe (c.w. from kxu

harm and ke not)kxum: [k'um] PF adj. viscous, gelatinous, thicklafyon: [la."fjon] PF adj. wise (derived from ha-

fyon wisdom) ofp.lahe: ["la.hE] PF adj. other, elselal: [lal] PF adj. old (opposite of mip) nfp.laro: ["la.Ro] PF adj. cleanlaw: [law] PF adj. clear, certain

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layon: [la."jon] PF adj. blackle’al: [lE."Pal] PF adj. wasteful (derived from ’al

waste) nfp.le’aw: [lE."Paw] PF adj. onlyle’awtu: [lE."Paw.tu] PF adj. alone, on one’s own,

by one’s self; lonely (c.w. from ’aw one andtute person)

le’en: [lE."PEn] PF adj. speculative, intuitive (de-rived from ’en guess) nfp.

lefkrr: [lE."fkr"] PF adj. current (derived from

fìkrr this time)lefnelan: [lE."fnE.lan] PF adj. male (derived

from fnelan male)lefnele: [lE."fnE.lE] PF adj. female (derived from

fnele female)lefngap: [lE."fNap^] PF adj. metallic (derived

from fngap metal)lefpom: [lE."fpom] PF adj. happy, peaceful, joy-

ous, pleasant (derived from fpom happiness,peace) nfp.

lefpomron: [lE.fpom."Ron] PF adj. healthy (men-tally) (derived from fpomron health or well-being (mentally)) ofp.

lefpomtokx: [lE.fpom."tok'] PF adj. healthy(physically) (derived from fpomtokx health(physical) ) ofp.

lefrir: [le."fRiR] PF adj. layered (derived fromfrir layer)

leftxozä: [lE."ft'o.zæ] PF adj. celebratorylehawmpam: [lE."hawm.pam] PF adj. noisy

(derived from hawmpam noise)lehawng: [lE."hawN] PF adj. excessive (derived

from hawng overabundance)lehawngkrr: [lE."hawN.kr

"] PF adj. late (derived

from hawngkrr late)lehìpey: [lE."hI.pEj] PF adj. hesitant, in a state of

hesitation (derived from hìpey hesitate)lehoan: [lE."ho.an] PF adj. comfortable (derived

from hoan comfort)lehrrap: [lE."hr

".ap^] PF adj. dangerous (derived

from hrrap danger)lekin: [lE."kin] PF adj. necessary (derived from

kin need)lekoren: [lE.ko."REn] PF adj. lawlike (derived

from koren rule)lekye’ung: [lEk."jE.PuN] PF adj. insane, crazy

(derived from keye’ung insanity)lelì’fya: [lE."lIP.fja] PF adj. concerning language,

regarding language (derived from lì’fya lan-guage)

lemrey: [lEm."REj] PF adj. surviving (e.g. of enti-ties from a group some of whom have died) (de-rived from emrey survive)

lemweypey: [lEm."wEj.pEj] PF adj. patient (de-rived from maweypey be patient)

leNa’vi: [lE."naP.vi] PF adj. having to do with theNa’vi, the People (derived from Na’vi the Pe-ople)

leno: [lE."no] PF adj. thorough, detail-orientated(of a person)

lenomum: [lE."no.mum] PF adj. curious (deri-ved from newomum be curious)

lenrra: [lE."nr".a] PF adj. proud (derived from

nrra pride)lepay: [lE."paj] PF adj. watery (derived from

pay water)lepwopx: [lEp."wop'] PF adj. cloudy (derived

from pìwopx cloud)lepxìmrun: [lE."p'Im.Run] PF adj. common, of-

ten found (derived from pxìm often and runfind)

ler: [lER] PF adj. steady, smooth (for motion)lereyfya: [lE."REj.fja] PF adj. cultural (derived

from reyfya way of living)lerìk: [lE."RIk^] PF adj. leafy (derived from rìk

leaf )lerìn: [lE."rIn] PF adj. wooden, of wood (derived

from rìn wood)leronsrel: [lE."Ron.sREl] PF adj. imaginary (deri-

ved from ronsrelngop imagine)lesar: [lE."saR] PF adj. useful (derived from sar

use)leskxir: [lE."sk'iR] PF adj. wounded (derived

from skxir wound)lesngä’i: [lE."sNæ.Pi] PF adj. original, existing at

or from the start, first in a series (derived fromsngä’i begin)

lesnonrra: [lE.sno."nr".a] PF adj. full of self-pride

(derived from snonrra self-pride)leso’ha: [lE."soP.ha] PF adj. enthusiastic, keen

(derived from so’ha be enthusiastic about)ofp.

letam: [lE."tam] PF adj. sufficient (derived fromtam suffice)

letokx: [lE."tok'] PF adj. bodily, physical (deri-ved from tokx body)

letrr: [lE."tr"] RL adj. daily (derived from trr day)

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letrrtrr: [lE."tr".tr"] PF adj. ordinary (derived

from trr day)letsim: [lE.">tsim] PF adj. original, unique, not de-

rived from another source (derived from tsimsource)

letskxe: [lE.">tsk'E] PF adj. stony, of stone (deri-ved from tskxe rock, stone)

letsranten: [lE.">tsRan.tEn] PF adj. important(derived from tsranten matter)

letsunslu: [lE.">tsun.slu] PF adj. possible (deri-ved from tsunslu may, be possible)

letswal: [le.">tswal] PF adj. powerful (derivedfrom tswal power) ofp.

letwan: [lEt."wan] PF adj. dodgy, sneaky (of aperson) (derived from tute person and wanhide)

letxi: [lE."t'i] PF adj. hurried, frenzied (derivedfrom txi hurry)

letxiluke: [lE."t'i.lu.kE] PF adj. unhurried (c.w.from txi hurry and luke without)

lewäte: [lE.wæ."tE] PF adj. disagreeable, argu-mentative (of an agent) (derived from wäteargue)

leweopx: [lE.wE."op'] PF adj. wave-like (derivedfrom weopx wave (of water))

leyapay: [lE."ja.paj] PF adj. foggy, misty (deri-ved from yapay fog)

leye’krr: [lE."jEP.kr"] PF adj. early (derived from

ye’krr early)leyewla: [lE."jEw.la] PF adj. disappointing (deri-

ved from yewla disappointment)leyr: [lEjr] PF adj. frozenlezeswa: [lE."zE.swa] PF adj. grassy (derived

from zeswa grass)litx: [lit'] PF adj. sharp (as a blade)lom: [lom] PF adj. missing, missed (as an absent

person who is longed for)lor: [loR] PF adj. beautiful, pleasant to the senseslukpen: [luk."pEn] PF adj. without clothing, na-

ked (c.w. from luke without and pen clothing(plural))

mal: [mal] PF adj. trustworthy, trust-inspiringmawey: [ma."wEj] CM adj. calmme’em: [mE."PEm] PF adj. harmoniousmek: [mEk^] PF adj. empty, or metaphorically:

having no valuemeuianga’: [mE."u.i.a.NaP] PF adj. honorable,

honorably (derived from meuia honor andnga’ contain)

meyp: [mEjp^] PF adj. weakmiklor: [mIk."loR] PF adj. pleasant sounding,

beautiful sounding (derived from mikyunear and lor beautiful)

mikvä’: [mIk."væP] PF adj. bad-sounding (deri-ved from mikyun ear and vä’ unpleasant tothe senses)

mip: [mip^] PF adj. newmomek: ["mo.mEk^] PF adj. hollow, not solidmowan: [mo."wan] PF adj. pleasing, enjoyable

(physically, sexually)mrrve: ["mr

".vE] PF adj. fifth (ordinal) (derived

from mrr five)muiä: [mu."i.æ] PF adj. proper, fair, right, justifi-

edmuntxa: [mun."t'a] PF adj. mated, marriedmuve: ["mu.vE] PF adj. second (ordinal) (deri-

ved from mune two)nafì’u: [na.fI."Pu] PF adj. such (c.w. from na as

and fì’u this)narlor: [naR."loR] PF adj. beautiful visually (deri-

ved from nari eye and lor beautiful, pleasantto the senses)

narvä’: [naR."væP] PF adj. ugly, unsightly (deri-ved from nari eye and vä’ unpleasant to thesenses)

nawfwe: [naw."fwE] PF adj. fluent (for speech)Contraction of na hufwe

nawm: [nawm] PF adj. great, noblenawri: ["naw.Ri] PF adj. talentedneyn: [nEjn] PF adj. light colors, shades of whitengay: [Naj] PF adj. truengäzìk: ["Næ.zIk^] PF adj. difficult, hardnget: [NEt^] PF adj. smell of decaying wood and

leaves, dank (non-animal decay)ngeyn: [NEjn] PF adj. tiredngim: [Nim] PF adj. long (physical length)ngong: [NoN] PF adj. lethargic, lacking sufficient

energy, lazyngul: [Nul] PF adj. grey, drabnik: [nik^] PF adj. convenient, usable without

much expenditure of effortnim: [nim] PF adj. timid, shynitram: [nit."Ram] PF adj. happy (of people)nutx: [nut'] PF adj. thickohakx: [o."hak'] PF adj. hungryonlor: [on."loR] PF adj. good-smelling (c.w. from

ontu nose and lor pleasant to the senses)

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onvä’: [on."væP] PF adj. bad-smelling (c.w. fromontu nose and vä’ unpleasant to the senses)

parulnga’: [pa."Rul.NaP] PF adj. miraculous (de-rived from parul miracle) nfp.

paynga’: ["paj.NaP] PF adj. moist, humid, damp(derived from pay water and nga’ contain)

piak: [pi."ak^] PF adj. open, clear (for cloudlessskies)

pìsaw: [pI."saw] PF adj. clumsy, accident-proneprrte’: ["pr

".tEP] PF adj. pleasurable (of an activi-

ty)pup: [pup^] PF adj. short (physical length)puve: ["pu.vE] PF adj. sixth (ordinal) (derived

from pukap six)pxan: [p'an] PF adj. worthypxasul: ["p'a.sul] PF adj. fresh, appealing as foodpxay: [p'aj] PF adj. many (used with singular

or plural noun forms)pxayopin: ["p'aj.o.pin] PF adj. colorful, multico-

lored, variegated (c.w. from pxay many and’opin color)

pxeyve: ["p'Ej.vE] PF adj. third (ordinal) (deri-ved from pxey three)

pxi: [p'i] PF adj. sharp (as a point)pxim: [p'im] PF adj. erect, uprightralnga’: ["Ral.NaP] PF adj. meaningful, instructi-

ve, something from which a lesson can be lear-ned (c.w. from ral meaning and nga’ contain)

räptum: [ræp."tum] PF adj. coarse, vulgar, soci-ally unacceptable

reng: [REN] PF adj. shallow (physically) nfp.renulke: ["RE.nul.kE] PF adj. irregular, random

(derived from renu pattern and luke wit-hout)

reypaytun: ["REj.paj.tun] PF adj. red (“bloodtun") (c.w. from reypay blood and tun red,orange)

rim: [Rim] PF adj. yellowrìkean: ["RI.kE.an] PF adj. leaf green (c.w. from

rìk leaf and ean green)rusey: [Ru."sEj] PF adj., n. alive, living, living

thing (c.w. from rey live and «us» active par-ticiple infix)

sang: [saN] PF adj. warmsayrìp: ["saj.RIp^] PF adj. handsome, good looking

ofp. (male)sevin: [sE."vin] PF adj. pretty ofp. (female)seykxel: [sEj."k'El] PF adj. strong (emotionally,

spiritually, not physical), confident

sìlronsem: [sIl."Ron.sEm] PF adj. clever, smart(thing) (c.w. from sìltsan good and ronsemmind)

sìltsan: [sIl.">tsan] PF adj. good (of its kind), welldone

skepek: ["skE.pEk^] PF adj. formalskien: ["ski.En] PF adj. right (not left)skxakep: ["sk'a.kEp^] PF adj., adv. probable, pro-

bablysloa: ["slo.a] PF adj. widesnep: [snEp^] PF adj. narrowsnewsye: ["snEw.sjE] PF adj. weird, spooky (c.w.

from snew tighten, constrict and syeha bre-ath)

sngunga’: ["sNu.NaP] PF adj. worrisome,troubling (derived from sngum worry)

snumìna: ["snu.mI.na] CP adj. dim ofp. (refersto a ’dim’ person)

sok: [sok^] PF adj. recentsom: [som] PF adj. hotsosul: [so."sul] PF adj. pleasant smell of nearby

running water, rain, moist vegetationspuwin: ["spu.win] PF adj. old, former nfp.spxin: [sp'in] PF adj. sicksraw: [sRaw] PF adj. painfulsrunga’: ["sRu.NaP] PF adj. helpful (derived

from srung help) nfp.steng: [stEN] PF adj. similarstiwinga’: ["sti.wi.NaP] PF adj. mischievous (c.w.

from stiwi mischief and nga’ contain)stxong: [st'oN] PF adj. strange, unfamiliar, unk-

nownsusyang: [su."sjaN] PF adj. fragile, delicateswey: [swEj] PF adj. bestswok: [swok^] PF adj. sacredsyä’ä: ["sjæ.Pæ] PF adj. bittersyen: [sjEn] PF adj. last, finalsyewenga’: ["sJE.wE.NaP] PF adj. fatty (c.w.

from syewe fat (substance in meat) and nga’contain)

syo: [sjo] PF adj. light (physical weight),lightweight

ta’lengean: ["taP.lE.NE.an] PF adj. skin blue(c.w. from ta’leng skin and ean blue)

teng: [tEN] PF adj. same, equaltete: ["tE.tE] PF adj. dull (as a blade)teya: [tE."ja] PF adj. fullteyr: [tEjR] PF adj. white

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tì’iluke: [tIP."i.lu.kE] PF adj. endless, never-ending (in a temporal sense) (c.w. from tì’i’aending, conclusion and luke without)

tìflänga’: [tI."flæ.Na] PF adj. successful (c.w.from tìflä success and nga’ contain)

tìfnunga’: [tI."fnu.NaP] PF adj. quiet (derivedfrom fnu quiet) nfp.

tìkeftxonga’: [tI.kE."ft'o.NaP] PF adj. sad (deri-ved from keftxo unhappy) nfp.

tìm: [tIm] PF adj. lowtìtstewnga’: [tI.">tstEw.NaP] PF adj. courageous,

brave (derived from tìtstew courage, brave-ry) nfp. (e.g. a brave deed)

tìtstunwinga’: [tI."stun.wi.NaP] PF adj. kind(c.w. from tìtstunwi kindness and nga’ con-tain) nfp.

tìtxurnga’: [tI."t'uR. NaP] PF adj. powerful (deri-ved from tìtxur strength, power) nfp.

tor: [toR] PF adj. last, ultimate, terminal (derivedfrom toruk last shadow)

tsankumnga’: [">tsan.kum.NaP] PF adj. advanta-geous (derived from tsankum advantage, be-nefit, upside, gain)

tsawl: [>tsawl] PF adj. big (in size), tall ofp.tsawsngem: [>tsaw."sNEm] PF adj. muscular (de-

rived from tsawl big and tsngem muscle)tsewtx: [>tsEwt'] PF adj. dirtytsìve: [">tsI.vE] PF adj. fourth (ordinal) (derived

from tsìng four)tsleng: [>tslEN] PF adj. falsetstew: [>tstEw] PF adj. brave ofp.tstu: [>tstu] PF adj. closed, shut, overcast (for

cloudy skies)tstunwi: [">tstun.wi] PF adj. kind, thoughtful,

consideratetsuktswa’: [>tsuk.">tswaP] PF adj. forgettable (de-

rived from tswa’ forget)tsukyom: [>tsuk."jom] PF adj. edible (derived

from yom eat)tswalnga’: [">tswal.NaP] PF adj. powerful (deri-

ved from tswal power) nfp.tsyafe: [">tsja.fE] PF adj. mild, moderate, comfor-

tabletun: [tun] PF adj. red, orangetuvom: [tu."vom] PF adj. greatest of all, excee-

dingly greattxa’: [t'aP] PF adj. hardtxan: [t'an] PF adj. much

txanatan: ["t'a.na.tan] PF adj. bright, vivid (c.w.from txan much and atan light)

txanew: ["t'a.nEw] PF adj. greedy (c.w. from tx-an much and new want)

txankeltrrtrr: ["t'an.kEl.tr".tr"] PF adj. extraordi-

nary (derived from txan much and keltrrtrrunusual)

txanlal: ["t'an.lal] PF adj. ancient, very old (c.w.from txan much and lal old)

txantsan: ["t'an.>tsan] PF adj. excellenttxantsawl: ["t'an.>tsawl] PF adj. giant, huge (c.w.

from txan much and tsawl big)txantslusam: ["t'an.>tslu.sam] PF adj. wise (c.w.

from txan much and tsl«us»am understand)txantur: ["t'an.tuR] PF adj. powerful (c.w. from

txan much and txur strong) ofp.txanwawe: [t'an.wa."wE] PF adj. personally me-

aningful, significant (c.w. from txan muchand wawe significance)

txasom: ["t'a.som] PF adj. very hot (derivedfrom txan much and som hot)

txavä’: [t'a."væP] PF adj. disgusting (derivedfrom txan much and vä’ unpleasant to thesenses)

txawew: ["t'a.wEw] PF adj. very cold (derivedfrom txan much and wew cold)

txen: [t'En] PF adj. awaketxeptun: ["t'Ep.tun] PF adj. orange (“fire tun")

(c.w. from txep fire and tun red, orange)txewluke: ["t'Ew.lu.kE] PF adj. endless, bound-

less, without limit (c.w. from txew limit, bor-der and luke without)

txewm: [t'Ewm] PF adj. scary, frighteningtxewnga’: ["t'Ew.NaP] PF adj. having a limit, not

without bounds, finite (c.w. from txew limitand nga’ contain)

txin: [t'in] PF adj. main, primarytxukx: [t'uk'] PF adj. deep (physically)txumnga’: ["t'um.NaP] PF adj. poisonous (deri-

ved from txum poison and nga’ contain)txur: [t'uR] PF adj. strong (physically)ukxo: [u."k'o] PF adj. dryum: [um] PF adj. looseunyor: [un."joR] PF adj. sweetly aromatic (a flo-

wery or aromatic woody sort of smell; may alsorefer to some spices used in Na’vi cooking)

vawm: [vawm] PF adj. darkvawt: [vawt^] PF adj. solid, not hollow

7

vä’: [væP] PF adj. unpleasant to the senses, noiso-me

väng: [væN] PF adj. thirstyvelke: ["vEl.ke] PF adj. chaotic, messy, disorgani-

zed, in shambles (c.w. from ve’o order, organi-zation and luke without)

venga’: ["vE.NaP] PF adj. organized, “on top ofthings” (c.w. from ve’o order, organizationand nga’ contain)

volve: ["vol.vE] PF adj. eighth (ordinal) (derivedfrom vol eight)

walak: ["wa.lak^] PF adj. energetic, activewe’ay: ["wE.Paj] PF adj. sourwew: [wEw] PF adj. coldwin: [win] PF adj. fastwip: [wip^] PF adj. saltywok: [wok^] PF adj. loudwur: [wuR] PF adj. cool, chillyyawne: ["jaw.nE] PF adj. beloved

yayayrnga’: [ja."jajR.NaP] PF adj. confusing (de-rived from yayayr confusion)

yaymak: ["jaj.mak^] PF adj. foolish, ignorantye: [jE] PF adj. satisfied, content, satiated, fullyehakx: ["jE.hak'] PF adj. satisfied from hunger,

full (derived from ye full and ohakx hungry)yeväng: ["jE.væN] PF adj. satisfied from thirst by

drink, feeling quenched, slaked (derived fromye satisfied and väng thirsty)

yey: [jEj] PF adj. straightyll: [jl

"] PF adj. communal

yol: [jol] PF adj. short (of time)yrr: [jr

"] PF adj. wild, natural (something in its

original, unmodified, untampered-with naturalstate)

yuey: ["ju.Ej] PF adj. beautiful (inner beauty)ofp.

zäfi: ["zæ.fi] PF adj. modified, interfered with, nolonger in a natural state

zey: [zEj] PF adj. special, distinct

adp.

äo–: ["æ.o] PF adp. under, beloweo–: ["E.o] PF adp. before, in front of (place)fa–: [fa] PF adp. with, by means offew–: [fEw] PF adp. across, aiming for the oppo-

site side offkip–: [fkip^] PF adp. up amongfpi+: [fpi] PF adp. for the sake of, for the benefit

offtu–: [ftu] PF adp. from (direction)ftumfa–: ["ftum.fa] PF adp. out of, from inside

(derived from mìfa inside)ftuopa–: ["ftu.o.pa] PF adp. from behindhu–: [hu] PF adp. with (accompaniment)io–: ["i.o] PF adp. over, aboveìlä+: ["I.læ] or [I."læ] PF adp. by, via, following,

according toka–: [ka] PF adp. across, covering thoroughlykam–: [kam] PF adp. agokay–: [kaj] PF adp. from now (in the future)kip–: [kip^] PF adp. amongkrrka–: ["kr

".ka] PF adp. during (derived from

krr time)kxamlä–: ["k'am.læ] PF adp. through (via the

middle of) (derived from kxam middle)lisre+: ["li.sRE] PF adp. by, before, up to but not

after (c.w. from li already and sre+ before)

lok–: [l·ok^] PF adp. close toluke–: ["lu.kE] PF adp. withoutmaw–: [maw] PF adp. after (time)mì+: [mI] PF adp. in, onmìkam–: [mI."kam] PF adp. betweenmungwrr–: [muN."wr

"] PF adp. except

na–: [na] PF adp. like, asne–: [nE] PF adp. to, towards (direction)nemfa–: ["nEm.fa] PF adp. into, inside (c.w.

from ne towards and mìfa inside)nuä+: ["nu.æ] PF adp. beyondpxaw–: [p'aw] PF adp. aroundpxel–: [p'El] PF adp. like, aspximaw–: [p'i."maw] PF adp. right after (c.w.

from maw after (time) and pxi sharp)pxisre+: [p'i."sRE] PF adp. right before (c.w. from

sre before (time) and pxi sharp)raw–: [Raw] PF adp. down toro+: [Ro] PF adp. at (locative)rofa–: ["Ro.fa] PF adp. beside, alongsidesìn–: [sIn] PF adp. on, ontosko+: [sko] PF adp. something as, in the capacity

of, or in the role of, something elsesre+: [sRE] PF adp. before (time)ta–: [ta] PF adp. from (locative), from (temporal

sense with other time words)

8

tafkip–: [ta."fkip^] PF adp. from up among (c.w.from ta from and fkip– up among)

takip–: [ta."kip^] PF adp. from among (c.w. fromta from and kip– among)

talun–: [ta."lun] PF adp. because of, due to

teri–: [tE."Ri] PF adp. about, concerninguo–: ["u.o] PF adp. behindvay–: [vaj] PF adp. up towä+: [wæ] PF adp. against (as in: fight against)yoa–: ["jo.a] PF adp. in exchange for

adv.

’awlie: [Paw."li.E] PF adv. once (in the past)’awlo: ["Paw.lo] PF adv. once’awsiteng: [Paw.si."tEN] PF adv. together (c.w.

from ’aw one and teng same, equal)alìm: [a."lIm] PF adv. far away, at a distance (de-

rived from lìm far, be far)am’aluke: [am."Pa.lu.kE] PF adv. without a

doubt (derived from am’ake sure, confident)asim: [a."sim] PF adv. nearby, at close range (de-

rived from sim near, be near)fìfya: [fI."fja] PF adv. this way, like this (derived

from fya’o path)fìtrr: [fI."tr

"] PF adv. today (derived from trr day)

fìtsap: [fI.">tsap^] PF adv. each other (c.w. fromfìpo this one and tsapo that one)

fìtseng(e): [fI.">tsEN(E)] PF adv., n. here, this pla-ce (derived from tseng place)

fìtxan: [fI."t'an] PF adv. so, to such an extent (de-rived from txan great, much)

fìtxon: [fI."t'on] PF adv., n. tonight (derivedfrom txon night)

frafya: ["fra.fja] PF adv. in every way (c.w. fromfra’u everything and fya’o way)

frakrr: ["fRa.kr"] PF adv. always, all the time (de-

rived from krr time)fralo: ["fRa.lo] PF adv. every time, every instance,

each time (derived from alo time)fratrr: [fRa."tr

"] PF adv. daily, every day (derived

from trr day)fratseng: ["fRa.>tsEN] PF adv. everywhere (deri-

ved from tseng place)fratxon: [fRa."t'on] PF adv. every night (derived

from txon night)ha: [ha] PF adv. so, in that casehamalo: [ha."ma.lo] PF adv. last time (c.w. from

ham previous and alo time)hawngkrr: ["hawN.kr

"] PF adv. late (c.w. from

hawng overabundance and krr time)hayalo: [ha."ja.lo] PF adv. next time (c.w. from

hay next and alo time)

hìmtxewvay: [hIm."t'Ew.vaj] PF adv. minimally(derived from hìmtxew minimum)

kaw’it: [kaw."Pit^] PF adv. not at all, not a bit(used with ke; see ke kaw’it not...at all in ph-rases) (c.w. from ke ’aw not one and ’it bit)

kawkrr: ["kaw.kr"] PF adv. never (c.w. from ke

’aw not one and krr time)kawl: [kawl] PF adv. hard, diligentlykawtseng: ["kaw.

>tsEN] PF adv. nowhere (c.w.

from ke ’aw not one and tseng place)käsatseng: [kæ."sa.

>tsEN] PF adv. out there (c.w.

from kä go and tseng place)ke: [kE] PF adv. notkekem: ["kE.kEm] PF pn., adv. no action or acti-

vity (c.w. from ke not and kem activity)ken’aw: [kEn."Paw] PF adv. not only (c.w. from

ke not and nì’aw only)keng: [kEN] PF adv. even, so much askenzen: [kEn."zEn] PF adv. not necessarily (c.w.

from ke not and nìzen necessarily)kezemplltxe: [kE.zEm.pl

"."t'E] PF adv. of

course, needless to say (contraction ofke+zene+pivlltxe)

kop: [kop^] PF adv. too, also, additionallykxawm: [k'awm] PF adv. perhaps, maybeli: [li] PF adv. alreadymawkrr: ["maw.kr

"] PF adv. after, afterwards, la-

ter (c.w. from maw after and krr time)melo: ["mE.lo] PF adv. twice (derived from me+

dual marker and alo time)mesrram: [mE.sr

"."am] PF n., adv. the day befo-

re yesterday, two days ago (derived from trrday)

mesrray: [mE.sr"."aj] PF n., adv. the day after to-

morrow, two days from now (derived from trrday)

mi: [mi] PF adv. yet, still, as beforemìfa: ["mI.fa] or [mI."fa] PF n., adv. insidemìftxele: [mI."ft'E.lE] PF adv. in this regard, re-

lated to this matter

9

mìso: [mI."so] PF adv. away (position) (derivedfrom mì in)

nafpawng: [na."fpawN] PF adv. grievingly, withgrief (derived from afpawng grief )

nam’ake: [nam."Pa.kE] PF adv. confidently (de-rived from am’ake confident)

ne’ìm: [nE."PIm] PF adv. back (direction)nefä: [nE."fæ] PF adv. up (direction)nekll: [nE."kl

"] PF adv. down (direction)

nemrey: [nEm."REj] PF adv., intj. in a fashion asif one’s life were at stake (derived from emreysurvive)

neto: [nE."to] PF adv. away (direction) (derivedfrom ne to)

netrìp: ["nEt.RIp^] PF adv. luckily, happilyngian: [Ni."an] PF,SW adv. howeverninan: ["ni.nan] PF adv. by reading (derived

from inan read)ningyen: ["niN.jEn] PF adv. mysteriously, in a

puzzling fashion (derived from ingyen fee-ling of mystery)

nì’al: [nI."Pal] PF adv. wastefully (derived from’al waste)

nì’aw: [nI."Paw] PF adv. only (derived from ’awone)

nì’awtu: [nI."Paw.tu] PF adv. alone (as one per-son) (c.w. from ’aw one and tute person)

nì’awve: [nI."Paw.vE] PF adv. first (derivedfrom ’awve first)

nì’en: [nI."PEn] PF adv. making an informedguess, acting on intuition (derived from ’enguess)

nì’eng: [nI."PEN] PF adv. equally, on the same le-vel (derived from ’engeng level)

nì’eoio: [nI."PE.o.i.o] PF adv. ceremoniously (de-rived from ’eoio ceremonious)

nì’eveng: [nI."PE.vEN] PF adv. like a child, imma-turely (derived from ’eveng child)

nì’eyng: [nI."PEjN] PF adv. back, in response, inanswer (derived from ’eyng answer)

nì’i’a: [nI."PiP.a] PF adv. finally, at long last (de-rived from ’i’a end)

nì’it: [nI."Pit^] PF adv. a bit, a small amount (ab-stract) (derived from ’it bit, a small amount)

nì’o’: [nI."PoP] PF adv. in a manner which is en-joyable, enjoyably (derived from ’o’ exciting)

nì’ul: [nI."Pul] PF adv. morenì’ul’ul: [nI."Pul.Pul] PF adv. increasingly, more

and more (derived from ’ul increase)

nìawnomum: [nI.aw."no.mum] PF adv. asyou know, as is known (casual speech[naw."no.mum]) (derived from «awn» passi-ve participle infix and omum know)

nìayoeng: [nI.aj."wEN] PF adv. like us, as we do(casual speech [naj."wEN]) (derived from ayo-eng us (inclusive))

nìfe’: [nI."fEP] PF adv. badly (derived from fe’bad)

nìfkeytongay: [nI.fkEj.to."Naj] PF adv. actually,as a matter of fact (c.w. from tìfkeytok situa-tion and ngay true)

nìfkrr: [nI."fkr"] PF adv. lately, currently (deri-

ved from fìkrr this time)nìflä: [nI."flæ] PF adv. successfully (derived

from flä succeed)nìflrr: [nI."flr

"] PF adv. gently, tenderly (derived

from flrr gentle)nìfmokx: [nI."fmok'] PF adv. jealously, en-

viously (derived from fmokx jealousy)nìfnu: [nI."fnu] PF adv. silently (derived from

fnu quiet)nìfpxamo: [nI."fp'a.mo] PF adv. horribly, terrib-

ly, awfully (derived from fpxamo horrible)nìfrakrr: [nI."fRa.kr

"] PF adv. as always (derived

from frakrr always)nìfrir: [nI."fRiR] PF adv. in layers (derived from

frir layer)nìftär: [nI."ftæR] PF adv. to the left (derived

from ftär left)nìftue: [nI."ftu.E] PF adv. easily (derived from

ftue easy)nìftxan: [nI."ft'an] PF adv. so, to such an extent

(derived from fìtxan so, to such an extent)nìftxavang: [nI."ft'a.vaN] PF adv. passionately,

with all heart (derived from ftxavang passio-nate)

nìfwefwi: [nI."fwE.fwi] PF adv. by whistling, ina whistling manner (derived from fwefwiwhistle)

nìfya’o: [nI."fja.Po] PF adv. in a manner (deri-ved from fya’o way)

nìfyeyntu: [nI."fjEjn.tu] PF adv. like an adult,maturely (derived from fyeyntu adult)

nìhawmpam: [nI."hawm.pam] PF adv. noisily(derived from hawmpam noise)

nìhawng: [nI."hawN] PF adv. too, excessively(derived from hawng overabundance)

10

nìhay: [nI."haj] Prr adv. next (derived from haynext)

nìhek: [nI."hEk^] PF adv. strangely, oddly (deri-ved from hek be curious, odd) (sentence, notmanner, adverbial)

nìhìpey: [nI."hI.pEj] PF adv. hesitantly (derivedfrom hìpey hesitate)

nìhoan: [nI."ho.an] PF adv. comfortably (deri-ved from hoan comfort)

nìhoet: [nI."ho.Et^] PF adv. widely, pervasively(derived from hoet vast, broad, expansive)

nìhol: [nI."hol] PF adv. few, not many (derivedfrom hol few)

nìhona: [nI."ho.na] PF adv. endearingly, sweetly(derived from hona endearing)

nìk’ärìp: [nIk."Pæ.RIp^] PF adv. steadily (deri-ved from ke ärìp not move) lit.: ’without let-ting it move’

nìk’ong: [nIk."PoN] PF adv. slowly (derivedfrom kì’ong slow)

nìkanu: [nI."ka.nu] PF adv. intelligently, in asmart way (derived from kanu smart)

nìkeftxo: [nI.kE."ft'o] PF adv. unfortunately,sadly (derived from keftxo unhappy)

nìkelkin: [nI.kEl."kin] PF adv. unnecessarily(derived from kelkin unnecessary)

nìkemweypey: [nI.kEm."wEj.pEj] PF adv. impa-tiently (derived from ke not and lemwey-pey patient)

nìklonu: [nIk.lo."nu] PF adv. firmly, steadfastly,faithfully (derived from ke lonu not let go)lit.: ’without releasing it’

nìkmar: [nIk."maR] PF adv. in the right season,opportunely (derived from kìmar in season)

nìksman: [nIk."sman] PF adv. wonderfully (de-rived from kosman wonderful)

nìksran: [nIk."sRan] PF adv. in a mediocre man-ner (derived from kesran mediocre)

nìktungzup: [nIk.tuN."zup^] PF adv. carefully,firmly (derived from ke tungzup not drop)lit.: ’without letting it fall’

nìkxap: [nI."k'ap^] PF adv. threateningly (deri-ved from kxap threat)

nìkxem: [nI."k'Em] PF adv. vertically (derivedfrom kxem be vertical)

nìlam: [nI."lam] PF adv. apparently (derivedfrom lam seem)

nìlaw: [nI."law] PF adv. clearly (derived fromlaw clear)

nìler: [nI."lER] PF adv. steadily (derived from lersteady, smooth)

nìli: [nI."li] PF adv. in advance (derived from lialready)

nìlkeftang: [nIl.kE."ftaN] PF adv. continuously,incessantly, without stopping (c.w. from lukewithout and ftang stop)

nìloho: [nI."lo.ho] PF adv. surprisingly (derivedfrom loho be surprising)

nìltsan: [nIl.">tsan] PF adv. well (derived fromsìltsan good)

nìlun: [nI."lun] PF adv. of course, logically,following common sense

nìmal: [nI."mal] PF adv. trustingly, without he-sitation (derived from mal trustworthy)

nìmeyp: [nI."mEjp^] PF adv. weakly, loosely (de-rived from meyp weak)

nìmun: [nI."mun] PF adv. againnìmwey: [nIm."wEj] PF adv. calmly, peacefully

(derived from mawey calm)nìmweypey: [nIm."wEj.pEj] PF adv. patiently

(derived from maweypey be patient)nìNa’vi: [nI."naP.vi] PF adv. like the Na’vi,

Na’vi-ly (derived from Na’vi the People)nìnäk: [nI."næk^] PF adv. by drinking, in a liquid

way (derived from näk drink)nìnän: [nI."næn] PF adv. less (derived from nän

decrease)nìnänän: [nI."næn.æn] PF adv. decreasingly, less

and less (derived from nän decrease)nìnew: [nI."nEw] PF adv. voluntarily, willingly,

by desire (derived from new want)nìngay: [nI."Naj] PF adv. truly (derived from

ngay true)nìngong: [nI."NoN] PF adv. lethargically, lazily

(derived from ngong lazy)nìno: [nI."no] PF adv. in detail, expansively, tho-

roughlynìnrra: [nI."nr

".a] PF adv. proudly, with pride (de-

rived from nrra pride)nìnu: [nI."nu] PF adv. failingly, falteringly, in

vain, fruitlessly, not achieving the desired or ex-pected end (derived from nui fail, falter)

nìolo’: [nI.o."loP] PF adv. (together) as membersof a clan (derived from olo’ clan)

nìprrte’: [nI."pr".tEP] PF adv. pleasurably, gladly,

with pleasure (derived from prrte’ pleasurab-le)

11

nìpxay: [nI."p'aj] PF adv. many, manily (deri-ved from pxay many)

nìpxi: [nI."p'i] PF adv. especially, pointedly, un-ambiguously (derived from pxi sharp)

nìpxim: [nI."p'im] PF adv. erectly, rightly (deri-ved from pxim erect, upright)

nìran: [nI."Ran] PF adv. basically, fundamentally,in essence (derived from ran intrinsic charac-ter or nature)

nìrangal: [nI."Ra.Nal] PF adv. wish (contrary tofact, with perfective or imperfective subjuncti-ve) (derived from rangal wish)

nìrìkxi: [nI.RI."k'i] PF adv. shakily, tremblingly(derived from rìkxi tremble, shake, shiver)

nìronsrel: [nI."Ron.sREl] PF adv. in imagination,by imagination (derived from ronsrelngopimagine)

nìsìlpey: [nI.sIl."pej] PF adv. hopefully (derivedfrom sìlpey hope)

nìskien: [nI."ski.En] PF adv. to the right (deri-ved from skien right)

nìslele: [nI."slE.lE] PF adv. by swimming (deri-ved from slele swim)

nìsngä’i: [nI."sNæ.Pi] PF adv. originally, at first(derived from sngä’i begin)

nìsngum: [nI."sNum] PF adv. worryingly, fretful-ly (derived from sngum worry)

nìso’ha: [nI."soP.ha] PF adv. enthusiastically(derived from so’ha be enthusiastic about)

nìsoaia: [nI.so."a.i.a] PF adv. (together) as mem-bers of a family (derived from soaia family)

nìsteng: [nI."stEN] PF adv. similarly (derivedfrom steng similar)

nìsti: [nI."sti] PF adv. angrily (derived from stibe angry)

nìsung: [nI."suN] PF adv. besides, additionally,furthermore (derived from sung add)

nìswey: [nI."swEj] PF adv. optimally, best (deri-ved from swey best)

nìsyayvi: [nI."sjaj.vi] PF adv. by chance or coin-cidence (derived from syayvi luck)

nìsyen: [nI."sjEn] PF adv. lastly (derived fromsyen last)

nìsyep: [nI."sjEp^] PF adv. tightly, in an iron grip(derived from syep trap) lit.: ’like a trap’

nìt’iluke: [nIt."Pi.lu.kE] PF adv. never-endingly,forever (c.w. from tì’i’a ending, conclusionand luke without)

nìtam: [nI."tam] PF adv. enough (derived fromtam suffice)

nìteng: [nI."tEN] PF adv. too, also, as well, likewi-se (derived from teng same, equal)

nìtengfya: [nI."tEN.fja] PF adv. as, same way as(similar action) (derived from tengfya as, sa-me way as (conj.))

nìtkan: [nIt."kan] PF adv. purposefully, delibera-tely (derived from tìkan aim, goal, purpose)

nìtkanluke: [nIt."kan.lu.ke] PF adv. accidental-ly, unintentionally (c.w. from nìtkan purpo-sefully, deliberately and luke- without)

nìtrrtrr: [nI."tr".tr"] PF adv. on a daily basis, regu-

larly (derived from trr day)nìtsim: [nI.">tsim] PF adv. originally, in an origi-

nal way, with originality (derived from tsimsource)

nìtsìsyì: [nI.">tsI.sjI] PF adv. by whispering, in awhisper (derived from tsìsyì whisper, v.)

nìtsleng: [nI.">tslEN] PF adv. falsely (derivedfrom tsleng false)

nìtson: [nI.">tson] PF adv. dutifully, as an obliga-tion (derived from tson duty, obligation)

nìtsyìl: [nI.">tsjIl] PF adv. by climbing (derivedfrom tsyìl climb)

nìtut: [nI."tut^] PF adv. continually (derivedfrom tut continuation marker)

nìtxan: [nI."t'an] PF adv. much (abstract), very(derived from txan much)

nìtxankeltrrtrr: [nI."t'an.kEl.tr".tr"] PF adv. ex-

traordinarily (derived from txankeltrrtrr ex-traordinary)

nìtxay: [nI."t'aj] PF adv. horizontally (derivedfrom txay be horizontal)

nìtxi: [nI."t'i] PF adv. hurriedly, in a frenzied way(derived from txi hurry)

nìtxiluke: [nI."t'i.lu.kE] PF adv. unhurriedly, lei-surely (c.w. from txi hurry and luke without)

nìtxukx: [nI."t'uk'] PF adv. deeply (derivedfrom txukx deep)

nìvingkap: [nI."viN.kap^] PF adv. by the way,incidentally (derived from vingkap occur toone, pop into one’s mind)

nìwan: [nI."wan] PF adv. secretly, in hiding, byhiding (derived from wan hide)

nìwawe: [nI.wa."wE] PF adv. meaningfully, sig-nificantly (derived from wawe meaning, sig-nificance)

12

nìwä: [nI."wæ] PF adv. on the contrary, conver-sely

nìwäte: [nI.wæ."tE] PF adv. disagreeably, be-grudgingly (derived from wäte argue)

nìwin: [nI."win] PF adv. fast, quickly (derivedfrom win fast)

nìwok: [nI."wok^] PF adv. loudly (derived fromwok loud)

nìwotx: [nI."wot'] PF adv. all (of), in toto, com-pletely (derived from wotx totality, whole)

nìyawr: [nI."jawR] PF adv. correctly, rightly (de-rived from eyawr correct, right)

nìyewla: [nI."jEw.la] PF adv. in a disappointingfashion, in a way failing to meet expectations(derived from yewla disappointment)

nìyey: [nI."jEj] PF adv. directly, straight to thepoint (derived from yey straight)

nìyeyfya: [nI."jEj.fja] PF adv. straight ahead, ina straight line (derived from yeyfya straightline)

nìyll: [nI."jl"] PF adv. communally, in a communal

manner (derived from yll communal)nìyo’: [nI."joP^] PF adv. perfectly, flawlessly (de-

rived from yo’ be perfect)nìyol: [nI."jol] PF adv. briefly, shortly (of time)

(derived from yol short (of time))nìyrr: [nI."jr

"] PF adv. naturally, without tam-

pering with or changing the nature (derivedfrom yrr natural)

nìzawnong: [nI."zaw.noN] PF adv. safely (deri-ved from «awn» passive participle infix andzong save)

nìzen: [nI."zEn] PF adv. necessarily (derivedfrom zene must)

nulkrr: [nul."kr"] PF adv. longer (time) (derived

from krr time)pxelo: ["p'E.lo] PF adv. thrice, three times (deri-

ved from pxe+ trial marker and alo time)pxesrram: [p'E.sr

"."am] PF n., adv. three days ago

(derived from trr day)pxesrray: [p'E.sr

"."aj] PF n., adv. three days from

now (derived from trr day)pxiset: [p'i."sEt^] PF adv. right now (c.w. from

set now and pxi sharp)pxiswawam: [p'i.swaw."am] PF adv. just a mo-

ment ago (c.w. from swaw moment and –ampast)

pxiswaway: [p'i.swaw."aj] PF adv. in just a se-cond from now (c.w. from swaw moment and

ay future marker)pxiye’rìn: [p'i."jEP.RIn] PF adv. immediately (not

as soon as pxiswaway) (c.w. from ye’rìn soonand pxi sharp)

pxìm: [p'Im] PF adv. oftensan: [san] PF adv. saying, quotesaylahe: [saj."la.hE] PF adv. ’et cetera’ (derived

from sì alahe and others) (contraction)set: [sEt^] PF adv. nowsìk: [sIk^] PF adv. unquoteskxakep: ["sk'a.kEp^] PF adj., adv. probable, pro-

bablysläkop: ["slæ.kop^] PF adv. but also (c.w. from

slä but and kop also)srekrr: [sRE."kr

"] PF adv. before, already, ahead of

time (c.w. from sre before and krr time)stum: [stum] PF adv. almostsunkesun: ["sun.kE.sun] PF adv. like it or not

(derived from sunu be likeable and ke not)ta’em: [ta."PEm] PF adv. from abovetafral: [ta."fRal] PF adv. therefore, because of thattatlam: [tat."lam] PF adv. apparently (derived

from lam seem)tì’i’avay: [tI."PiP.a.vaj] PF adv. until the end

(c.w. from ’i’a end and vay until)trram: [tr

"."am] PF adv. yesterday (derived from

trr day and ham previous)trray: [tr

"."aj] PF adv. tomorrow (derived from

trr day and hay next)tsafya: [>tsa."fja] PF adv. that way, like that (c.w.

from tsa- that and fya’o way)tsakrr: [>tsa."kr

"] PF adv. then, at that time, that

time (derived from tsa- that and krr time)tsakrrvay: [>tsa."kr

".vaj] PF adv. until then, in the

meantime (c.w. from tsakrr then and vay upto)

tsalsungay: [>tsal.su."Naj] PF adv. nevertheless,even so

tsìk: [>tsIk] PF adv. suddenly, without warningtxankrr: [t'aN."kr

"] PF adv. for a long time (c.w.

from txan much and krr time)txantxewvay: [t'an."t'Ew.vaj] PF adv. maximal-

ly (derived from txantxew maximum)txonam: [t'o."nam] PF adv. last night (derived

from txon night and ham previous)txonay: [t'o."naj] PF adv. tomorrow night (deri-

ved from txon night and hay next)txonkrr: ["t'on.kr

"] PF adv. at night (c.w. from

txon night and krr time)

13

wrrpa: ["wr".pa] PF n., adv. outside

wum: [wum] PF adv. approximately, roughlyye’krr: ["jEP.kr

"] PF adv. early (derived from

ye’rìn soon and krr time)ye’rìn: ["jEP.RIn] PF adv. soonzel: [zEl] PF adv. then (counterfactual use)

conj.

akrrmaw: [a."kr".maw] PF conj. after (temporal)

variant of mawkrra (c.w. from krr time andmaw after)

akrrta: [a."kr".ta] PF conj. since (temporal) vari-

ant of takrra (c.w. from krr time and ta from)akum: [a."kum] PF conj. that (as a result) (de-

rived from kum result) this form followsthe result, I.E. ’Poe yawne slolu oer akum,nìftxan lu sevin’ (She was so beautiful that Ifell in love with her.); see also ’kuma’

alu: ["a.lu] PF conj. that is, in other words (deri-ved from a subordinator and lu be) (Used forappositions)

alunta: [a."lun.ta] PF conj. because, from the rea-son

fte: [ftE] PF conj. so that, in order to (withsubjunctive verb in dependant clause)

fteke: ["ftE.kE] PF conj. so that not, lest (c.w.from fte so that and ke not) (with subjun-ctive verb in dependant clause)

ftxey: [ft'Ej] PF conj. whether, orfu: [fu] PF conj. orfuke: [fu."kE] PF conj. or not (c.w. from fu or

and ke not)hufwa: [hu."fwa] PF conj. althoughketsran: [kE.">tsRan] PF adj., conj. no matter, no

matter what, whatever (c.w. from ke not andtsranten Matter, be of importance)

ki: [ki] PF conj. but rather, but insteadkop: [kop^] PF conj. and alsokrra: ["kr

".a] PF conj. when, at the time that (de-

rived from krr time)kuma: ["kum.a] PF conj. that (as a result) (de-

rived from kum result) this form precedesthe result, I.E. ’Lu poe sevin nìftxan kumayawne slolu oer’ (She was so beautiful that Ifell in love with her.); see also ’akum’

mawfwa: ["maw.fwa] PF conj. after (c.w. frommaw after and fwa that)

mawkrra: [maw."kr".a] PF conj. after (temporal)

variant of akrrmaw (c.w. from krr time andmaw after)

natkenong: [nat."kE.noN] PF conj. for example,as an example (c.w. from na like, as and tìke-nong example)

sì: [sI] PF conj. and (connects two things, canbe attached as –sì: for clauses use ulte and)

slä: [slæ] PF conj. butsrefwa: ["sRE.fwa] PF conj. before (derived from

sre+ before and fwa that)takrra: [ta."kr

".a] PF conj. since (temporal) vari-

ant of akrrta (c.w. from krr time and ta from)talun(a): [ta."lun(a)] PF conj. because, from the

reason (c.w. from ta from and lun reason)taweyk(a): [ta."wEjk(a)] PF conj. because, based

on the causetengfya: ["tEN.fja] PF conj. as, same way as (situ-

ational similarity) (c.w. from teng same, equaland fya’o path)

tengkrr: [tEN."kr"] PF conj. while, same time as

(c.w. from teng same, equal and krr time)tsenga: [">tsE.Na] PF conj. where, place where (de-

rived from tseng place)tsonta: [">tson.ta] PF conj. to (with kxìm) (deri-

ved from tson obligation, duty, imposed requi-rement) (contraction of tsonit a)

tup: [tup^] PF conj. instead of, rather thantxo: [t'o] PF conj. iftxokefyaw: ["t'o.kE.fjaw] PF conj. if not, or else,

otherwise (c.w. from txo-ke-fya’o-’aw if notone path)

ulte: ["ul.tE] PF conj. and (clausal conjunction)vaykrr: [vaj."kr

"] PF conj. until (c.w. from vay–

up to and krr time)zun: [zun] PF conj. if (counterfactual use)

14

dem.

tsa’u: [">tsa.Pu] PF dem. that (thing) (c.w. fromtsa that and ’u thing)

tsakem: [">tsa.kEm] or [>tsa."kEm] PF dem. that

(action) (derived from tsa- that and kem ac-tion)

tsatseng: [>tsa.">tsEN] or [">tsa.

>tsEN] PF dem., n.

there, that place (c.w. from tsa that and tsengplace)

tsatu: [">tsa.tu] PF dem. that person (c.w. fromtsa that and tute person)

tsaw: [>tsaw] PF dem., pn. that, it (as intransitivesubject)

inter.

’ekxinumpe: [PE."k'i.num.pE] PF inter. howtight, loose? (derived from ’ekxinum tight-ness, looseness)

’upe: ["Pu.pE] PF inter. what (thing) (c.w. from’u thing and pe inter. marker)

fnepe: ["fnE.pE] PF inter. which kind variant ofpefnel

fyape: ["fja.pE] PF inter. how variant of pefyafyinep’angpe: [fjin.Ep."PaN.pE] PF inter. how

complex? (derived from fyinep’ang degree ofcomplexity) variant of pefyinep’ang

hìmtxampe: [hIm."t'am.pE] PF inter. how muchvariant of pìmtxan

holpxaype: [hol."p'aj.pE] PF inter. how many(c.w. from holpxay number and pe how)

kempe: ["kEm.pE] PF inter. what (action) vari-ant of pehem (c.w. from kem action, deed)

krrpe: ["kr".pE] PF inter. when variant of pehrr

(c.w. from krr time)lì’upe: ["lI.Pu.pE] PF inter. what (word,

utterance) variant of pelì’ulumpe: ["lum.pE] PF inter. why variant of

pelunpefnel: [pE."fnEl] PF inter. which kind variant of

fnepepefya: [pE."fja] PF inter. how variant of fyapepefyinep’ang: [pE.fjin.Ep."PaN] PF inter. how

complex? (derived from fyinep’ang degree ofcomplexity) variant of fyinep’angpe

pehem: [pE."hEm] PF inter. what (action) vari-ant of kempe (c.w. from kem action, deed)

pehrr: [pE."hr"] PF inter. when variant of krrpe

(c.w. from krr time)pekxinum: [pE."k'in.um] PF inter. how tight,

loose? (derived from ’ekxinum tightness,looseness)

pelì’u: [pE."lI.Pu] PF inter. what (word,utterance) variant of lì’upe

pelun: [pE."lun] PF inter. why variant of lumpepeseng: [pE."sEN] PF inter. where variant of

tsengpepeslosnep: [pE.slo."snEp^] PF inter. what width,

how wide? (derived from snep narrow) vari-ant of slosneppe

pesomwew: [pE.som."wEw] PF inter. what tem-perature? (derived from somwew tempera-ture)

pesu: [pE."su] PF inter. who variant of tupepeu: [pE."u] PF inter. what (thing) variant of

’upepìmtxan: [pIm."t'an] PF inter. how much vari-

ant of hìmtxampepolpxay: [pol."p'aj] PF inter. how many (c.w.

from holpxay number and pe how)slosneppe: [slo."snE.pE] PF inter. what width,

how wide? (derived from snep narrow) va-riant of peslosnep

somwewpe: [som."wEw.pE] PF inter. what tem-perature? (more common) (derived fromsomwew temperature)

tsengpe: [">tsEN.pE] PF inter. where variant ofpeseng

tupe: ["tu.pE] PF inter. who variant of pesu

15

intj.

’ä’: [PæP] PF intj. oops!au: [a."u] LA intj. exclamation of consternationfpivìl: [fpi."vIl] PF intj. hmm, let’s see, let me

think (derived from fpìl think and «iv»subjunctive infix)

frawzo: [fRaw."zo] PF intj. all is well, everythingis fine or OK (derived from fra’u everythingand zo be well)

hìtxoa: [hI."t'o.a] PF intj. excuse me (derivedfrom hì’i small and txoa forgiveness)

irayo: [i."Ra.jo] JC n., intj. thank you, thanksìì: [I:] PF intj. um, erìley: [I."lEj] LA intj. war crykaltxì: [kal."t'I] PF intj. hellokeftxo: [kE."ft'o] PF adj., intj. unhappy, upset,

’How sad!’kehe: ["kE.hE] PF part., intj. nokolan: [ko."lan] PF intj. I mean, rather (self-

correcting) (derived from kan aim, intend)kxangangang: ["k'aN.aN.aN] PF intj. boom (ono-

matopoeic)kxì: [k'I] PF intj. hello (casual) (derived from

kaltxi hello) colloquial, shortened form ofkaltxì

nemrey: [nEm."REj] PF adv., intj. in a fashion asif one’s life were at stake (derived from emreysurvive)

ngaytxoa: [Naj."t'o.a] PF intj. sorry, my apologi-es (acknowledgment of guilt and regret) (c.w.from ngeyä your and txoa forgiveness)

oìsss: [o."Isss] LA intj. angry snarl, ’watch it!’pxasìk: ["p'a.sIk^] PF intj. screw that!, no way!

(vulgar)rawke: ["Raw.kE] PF intj. alarm cry, call to defen-

serolun: [Ro."lun] PF intj. Eureka! I’ve found it!rutxe: [Ru."t'E] PF intj. pleasesaa: ["sa:] LA intj. threatening crysau: [sa."u] LA intj. exclamation upon exertion,

urghsran: [sRan] PF part., intj. yes (colloquial)srane: ["sRa.nE] PF part., intj. yessrankehe: [sRan."kE.hE] PF part., intj. more or

less, somewhat, yes and no, kind of (c.w. fromsrane yes and kehe no)

tam: [t·am] PF vin., intj. that will suffice, thatwill do, OK

tam tam: ["tam "tam] M intj. calm, be content,there there

tewti: ["tEw.ti] PF intj. wow, expression of surpri-se and pleasure

tolel: [to."lEl] PF intj. Eureka! I found it! I un-derstand! (synonym: tslolam)

tsa-hey: [">tsa."hEj] ZS intj. expression of warningor frustration, ’crap!’, ’ah, hell!’

tslolam: [>tslo."lam] PF intj. get it, I understand(derived from tslam understand and «ol»perfective aspect infix)

wiya: ["wi.ja] ZS intj. expression of warning orfrustration, ’damn!’

n.

’akra: ["Pak.Ra] PF n. soil (fertile)’ali’ä: [Pa."liP.æ] PF n. collar / choker’ana: ["Pa.na] PF n. hanging vine’are: ["Pa.RE] PF n. poncho, cape, shawl’asap: ["Pa.sap^] PF n. sudden shock’awkx: [Pawk'] PF n. cliff’awm: [Pawm] PF n. camp’e’in: [PE."Pin] PF n. pod, gourd’e’insey: [PE."Pin.SEj] PF n. drinking gourd (c.w.

from ’e’in gourd and sey cup or bowl mi-nimally modified from naturally occurring re-sources)

’ekong: ["PE.koN] PF n. beat (rhythmic)’ekxinum: [PE."k'i.num] PF n. degree of tight-

ness, looseness (c.w. from ’ekxin tight andum loose)

’emyu: ["PEm.ju] PF n. cook, cooker (derivedfrom ’em cook)

’en: [PEn] PF n. guess, informed guess, hunch, in-tuition

’etnaw: ["PEt.naw] PF n. shoulder’evan: ["PE.van] PF n. boy (colloquial) (derived

from ’evengan boy)’eve: ["PE.vE] PF n. girl (colloquial) (derived

from ’evenge girl)’eveng: ["PE.vEN] PF n. child’evengan: ["PE.vE.Nan] PF n. boy (derived from

’eveng child)

16

’evenge: ["PE.vE.NE] PF n. girl (derived from’eveng child)

’evi: ["PE.vi] PF n. kid (affectionate form of’eveng child)

’ewll: ["PE.wl"] PF n. plant

’ewrang: ["PEw.RaN] PF n. loom’eylan: ["PEj.lan] PF n. friend’eylanay: [PEj.la."naj] PF n. acquaintance (with

the potential for becoming a friend) (derivedfrom ’eylan friend)

’eyt: [PEjt^] PF n. the symbol 8 (not the valueeight)

’it: [Pit^] PF n. bit, a small amount’itan: ["Pi.tan] JC,PF n. son’ite: ["Pi.tE] JC,PF n. daughter’itetsyìp: ["Pi.tE.>tsjIp^] PF n. little daughter (term

of endearment) (derived from ’ite daughter)’ìheyu: [PI."hE.ju] PF n. spiral’llngo: ["Pl

".No] PF n. hip

’ok: [Pok^] PF n. remembrance’okrol: [Pok."Rol] PF n. history (ancient) (deri-

ved from ’ok remembrance and rol sing)’oktrr: ["Pok.tr

"] PF n. day of commemoration

(c.w. from ’ok remembrance and trr day)’okvur: [Pok."vuR] PF n. history (non-ancient)

(c.w. from ’ok remembrance and vur story)’ompin: ["Pom.pin] PF n. violet, purple, magenta

(derived from ’om purple)’on: [Pon] PF n. shape, form’ongopyu: ["Po.Nop.ju] PF n. designer (derived

from ’ongop design)’opin: ["Po.pin] PF n. color’opinvultsyìp: ["Po.pin.vul.>tsjIp^] PF n. crayon

(c.w. from ’opin color and vultsyìp stick)’ora: ["Po.Ra] PF n. lake’oratsyìp: ["Po.Ra.>tsjIp^] PF n. pond, pool (deri-

ved from ’ora lake)’otxang: [Po."t'aN] PF n. musical instrument (ge-

neric term)’rrpxom: ["Pr

".p'om] PF n. thunder

’u: [Pu] PF n. thing (object, fact, abstraction)’umtsa: ["Pum.

>tsa] PF n. medicine

’upxare: [Pu."p'a.RE] PF n. message’ur: [PuR] PF n. sight, look, appearanceafpawng: [a."fpawN] PF n. griefalo: ["a.lo] PF n. time, turn, instance, one of a

number of repeated or recurring actionsam’a: [am."Pa] PF n. doubtatan: [a."tan] JC n. light

atanvi: [a."tan.vi] PF n. ray (derived from atanlight)

atanzaw: [a."tan.zaw] PF n. forked lightning(derived from atan light and swizaw arrow)

atxkxe: [at'."k'E] PF n. landatxkxerel: [at'."k'E.REl] PF n. map (c.w. from

atxkxe land and rel picture)au: ["a.u] JC n. drum (made of skin)aungia: [a."u.Ni.a] PF n. sign, omenayu: [a."ju] PF n. things (derived from ’u thing)

(never plural u)äie: [æ."i.E] PF n. vision (spiritual)ätxäle: [æ."t'æ.lE] PF n. requesteampin: ["E.am.pin] PF n. blue, green (derived

from ean blue, green)ekxan: [E."k'an] PF n. barricade, obstructioneltu: ["El.tu] PF n. braineltu lefngap: ["El.tu lE."fNap^] Prr n. computer

(c.w. from eltu brain and lefngap metallic)emkäfya: [em."kæ.fja] PF n. ford, crossing (de-

rived from emkä cross and fya’o path)eolì’uvi: ["E.o.lI.Pu.vi] PF n. prefix (derived

from eo– before and lì’u word)epxang: [E."p'aN] PF n. stone jar used to hold

small toxic arachnidewktswo: ["Ewk.

>tswo] PF n. (sense of) taste (de-

rived from ewku taste)eyawrfya: [e."jawR.fja] PF n. right way (of doing

something), correct path (derived from eyawrcorrect, right and fya’o path, way, manner)

eyktan: ["Ejk.tan] JC n. leader (derived fromeyk lead)

eyktanay: [Ejk.ta."naj] JC,PF n. deputy, general,one step down from leader (derived from eyk-tan leader)

eykyu: ["Ejk.ju] PF n. leader (typically tempora-ry, of a small group like a hunting party) (deri-ved from eyk lead)

fahew: [fa."hEw] PF n. smellfayluta: [faj."lu.ta] PF n. these words (contrac-

tion of fay+lì’u–t a, patientive case)fäpa: ["fæ.pa] PF n. topfe’ran: ["fEP.Ran] PF n. flawed nature, something

ill-conceived or inherently defective (c.w. fromfe’ bad and ran intrinsic character or nature)

fe’ranvi: ["fEP.Ran.vi] PF n. blemish, deformi-ty, stain, flawed feature (derived from fe’ranflawed nature, inherently defective)

17

fekem: ["fE.kEm] PF n. accident (c.w. from fe’bad and kem action)

fekum: ["fE.kum] PF n. disadvantage, drawback,downside (c.w. from fe’ bad and kum result)

fil: [fil] PF n. child’s toy, playthingfìtseng(e): [fI.">tsEN(E)] PF adv., n. here, this pla-

ce (derived from tseng place)fìtxon: [fI."t'on] PF adv., n. tonight (derived

from txon night)fkxara: ["fk'a.Ra] PF n. stress (mental or emotio-

nal feeling)fkxen: [fk'En] PF n. vegetable (food)fkxile: ["fk'i.lE] PF n. bib necklaceflawkx: [flawk'] PF n. leatherflawm: [flawm] PF n. cheekflew: [flEw] PF n. throatflìnutx: [flI."nut'] PF n. thickness (c.w. from flì

thin and nutx thick)fmawn: [fmawn] PF n. news, something to reportfmawnta: [fmawnta] PF n. that news (contrac-

tion of fmawn–it a)fmokx: [fmok'] PF n. jealousy, envyfnawe’tu: [fna."wEP.tu] PF n. coward (derived

from fnawe’ cowardly)fnel: [fnEl] PF n. kind, typefnelan: ["fnE.lan] PF n. male (derived from fnel

kind, type)fnele: ["fnE.lE] PF n. female (derived from fnel

kind, type)fnetxum: [fnE."t'um] PF n. allergen (derived

from txum poison)fngap: [fNap^] PF n. metalfngä’tseng: ["fNæP.

>tsEN] PF n. restroom (on

Earth) (c.w. from fngä’ relieve oneself andtseng place)

fpeio: [fpE."i.o] PF n. challenge (ceremonial)fpìlfya: ["fpIl.fja] PF n. thought pattern, way of

thinking (c.w. from fpìl think and fya’o path)fpom: [fpom] PF n. well-being, peace, happinessfpomron: [fpom."Ron] PF n. health or well-being

(mental) (derived from fpom well-being andronsem mind) ofp.

fpomtokx: [fpom."tok'] PF n. health (physical)(c.w. from fpom well-being and tokx body)ofp.

frir: [fRiR] PF n. layerfrrtu: ["fr

".tu] PF n. guest, visitor

fta: [fta] PF n. knot

ftawnemkrr: [ftaw."nEm.kr"] PF n. past (c.w.

from ft«awn»em pass by (passive participleform) and krr time)

ftärpa: ["ftæR.pa] PF n. left side (c.w. from ftärleft and pa’o side)

ftxì: [ft'I] PF n. tongueftxozä: [ft'o."zæ] PF n. celebration, happy occa-

sionftxulì’uyu: [ft'u."lI.Pu.ju] PF n. orator, (public)

speaker (derived from ftxulì’u orate, givespeech)

fwep: [fwEp^] PF n. dust (on a surface)fwìng: [fwIN] PF n. humiliation, embarrassment,

loss of facefwopx: [fwop'] PF n. dust (in the air) (derived

from fwep dust and pìwopx cloud)fya’o: ["fja.Po] PF n. path, way, mannerfyalì’u: ["fja.lI.Pu] PF n. adverb (c.w. from fya’o

path, way, manner and lì’u word)fyan: [fjan] PF n. constructed device for keeping

something off the ground and cleanfyanyì: ["fjan.jI] PF n. shelf (c.w. from fyan con-

structed device for keeping something off theground and clean and yì shelf, ledge, level,step, rung)

fyanyo: ["fjan.jo] PF n. table, elevated utilitari-an surface (c.w. from fyan constructed devicefor keeping something off the ground and cleanand yo surface) Note: colloquially, yo can beused in place of fyanyo.

fyawìntxuyu: [fja.wIn."t'u.ju] PF n. guide (de-rived from fyawìntxu guide)

fyeyntu: ["fjEjn.tu] PF n. adult person (derivedfrom fyeyn ripe, mature)

fyinep’ang: [fjin.Ep."PaN] PF n. degree of com-plexity (c.w. from fyin simple and ep’angcomplex)

ha’ngir: [haP."NiR] PF n. afternoonhafyon: [ha."fjon] PF n. wisdomhangvur: ["haN.vuR] PF n. joke, funny story (c.w.

from hangham laugh and vur story)hapxì: [ha."p'I] PF n. parthapxìtu: [ha."p'I.tu] PF n. member (derived

from hapxì part)hawmpam: ["hawm.pam] PF n. noise. sound

that is excessive, unnecessary, inappropriate,unexpected or startling (derived from hawngoverabundance and pam sound)

hawng: [hawN] PF n. overabundance

18

hawntsyokx: [hawn.">tsjok'] PF n. glove (c.w.

from hawnu protect and tsyokx hand)hawnven: [hawn."vEn] PF n. shoe (c.w. from

hawnu protect and venu foot)hawre’: [haw."REP] PF n. hat (c.w. from hawnu

protect and re’o head)hawtsyìp: ["haw.

>tsjIp^] PF n. nap (derived from

hahaw sleep)hän: [hæn] PF n. net, webhefitswo: ["hE.fi.>tswo] PF n. (sense of) smell (de-

rived from hefi smell)hermeyp: [hER."mEjp^] PF n. snow flurry (deri-

ved from herwì snow and meyp weak)hertxayo: ["hER.t'a.jo] PF n. snow field (derived

from herwì snow and txayo field)herwì: ["hER.wI] PF n. snowherwìva: ["hER.wI.va] PF n. snowflake (derived

from herwì snow and ìlva flake)heyr: [hEJR] PF n. chesthì’ang: ["hI.PaN] PF n. insect (c.w. from hì’i

small and ioang animal)hìkrr: ["hI.kr

"] PF n. second, very short time (c.w.

from hì’i little, small and krr time)hìmpxì: [hIm."p'I] PF n. minority, least, small

parthìmtxan: [hIm."t'an] PF n. amount (c.w. from

hìm small and txan much)hìmtxew: [hIm."t'Ew] PF n. minimum (c.w.

from hìm small and txew limit)hoan: ["ho.an] PF n. comfortholpxay: [hol."p'aj] PF n. number (c.w. from

hol few and pxay many)hrrap: ["hr

".ap^] PF n. danger

hufwe: [hu."fwE] PF n. windhufwetsyìp: [hu."fwE.

>tsjIp^] PF n. breeze, light

wind (derived from hufwe wind)huru: ["hu.Ru] PF n. cooking poti’en: ["iP.En] JC n. stringed instrumentikut: ["i.kut^] PF n. large pestle (grinding tool);

meal-mashing poleinanfya: [i."nan.fja] PF n. sense (means of per-

ception) (c.w. from inan read, gain knowledgefrom sensory input and fya’o path, way)

ingyen: ["iN.jEn] PF n. feeling of mystery or in-comprehension

ingyentsim: ["iN.jEn.>tsim] PF n. mystery, riddle,enigma, conundrum (c.w. from ingyen feelingof mystery and tsim source)

ingyentsyìp: ["iN.jEn.>tsjIp^] PF n. trick, sleightof hand, clever/special methodology (derivedfrom ingyen feeling of mystery)

ioang: [i."o.aN] PF n. animal, beastioi: [i."o.i] PF n. adornment, or ceremonial apparel

(item of)ionar: ["i.o.naR] PF n. banshee rider visorirayo: [i."Ra.jo] JC n., intj. thank you, thanksìlva: ["Il.va] PF n. flake, drop, chipìpxa: [I."p'a] RL,PF n. fernkaryu: ["kaR.ju] PF n. teacher (derived from kar

teach)karyunay: [kaR.ju."naj] PF n. apprentice teacher

(derived from karyu teacher)kato: ["ka.to] PF n. rhythmkavuk: [ka."vuk^] PF n. treacherykaym: [kajm] PF n. evening (before twilight), late

afternoonkäpxì: [kæ."p'I] PF n. rear (part or section) (c.w.

from kä go and hapxì part)kelku: ["kEl.ku] PF n. home, housekem: [kEm] PF n. thing (action), deedkemlì’u: ["kEm.lI.Pu] PF n. verb (c.w. from kem

action and lì’u word)kemlì’uvi: ["kEm.lI.Pu.vi] PF n. infix (derived

from kemlì’u verb)ketuwong: ["kE.tu.woN] PF n. alienkewan: ["kE.wan] PF n. age (derived from koak

old and ’ewan young)key: [kEj] PF n. facekeye’ung: [kE."jE.PuN] PF n. insanitykeyrel: ["kEj.REl] PF n. facial expression (c.w.

from key face and rel image)kifkey: [ki."fkEj] PF n. world (physical, solid)kilvan: [kil."van] PF n. riverkinam: [ki."nam] PF n. legkinamtil: [ki."nam.til] PF n. knee (c.w. from ki-

nam leg and til joint)kintrr: ["kin.tr

"] PF n. week (derived from kinä

seven and trr day)kintrram: ["kin.tr

".am] PF n. last week (derived

from kintrr week)kintrray: ["kin.tr

".aj] PF n. next week (derived

from kintrr week)kìng: [kIN] PF n. threadkìte’e: [kI.tE."PE] PF n. servicekllpa: ["kl

".pa] PF n. bottom

kllpxìltu: [kl"."p'Il.tu] PF n. territory

19

kllrikx: [kl"."rik'] PF n. earthquake (c.w. from

kllte ground and rikx move)kllte: ["kl

".tE] PF n. ground

klltseng: ["kl".>tsEN] PF n. position (derived from

tseng place)ko’on: ["ko.Pon] PF n. ring, oval, closed shape

roughly circular (derived from koum roun-ded, curved and ’on shape)

koaktan: ["ko.ak.tan] PF n. old man (derivedfrom koak old, aged)

koakte: ["ko.ak.tE] PF n. old woman (derivedfrom koak old, aged)

koaktu: ["ko.ak.tu] PF n. old person (derivedfrom koak old, aged)

koren: [ko."REn] PF n. rule, guidelinekrr: [kr

"] PF n. time

kum: [kum] PF n. resultkurfyan: ["kuR.fjan] PF n. hamper or suspended

rack (c.w. from kur hang and fyan construc-ted device for keeping something off the groundand clean)

kurfyavi: ["kuR.fja.vi] PF n. hook (for hanging orsuspending an item) (derived from kurfyanhamper or suspended rack)

kuru: ["ku.Ru] PF n. neural queuekxa: [k'a] PF n. mouthkxam: [k'am] PF n. middle, midpointkxamtrr: ["k'am.tr

"] PF n. mid-day, noon (c.w.

from kxam middle and trr day)kxamtrrmaw: ["k'am.tr

".maw] PF n. the time

immediately after noon, early afternoon (c.w.from kxamtrr noon and maw after)

kxamtseng: ["k'am.>tsEN] PF n. center, place in

the middle (c.w. from kxam middle and tsengplace)

kxamtxomaw: ["k'am.t'o.maw] PF n. after mid-night (c.w. from kxamtxon midnight andmaw after)

kxamtxon: ["k'am.t'on] PF n. midnight (c.w.from kxam middle and txon night)

kxamyì: ["k'am.jI] PF n. intermediate level (c.w.from kxam middle and yì level)

kxap: [k'ap^] PF n. threatkxaylyì: ["k'ajl.jI] PF n. high level (c.w. from kx-

ayl high and yì level)kxemyo: ["k'Em.jo] PF n. wall, vertical surface

(c.w. from kxem be vertical and yo surface)kxener: ["k'E.nER] PF n. smokekxetse: ["k'E.>tsE] PF n. tail

kxeyey: ["k'E.jEj] PF n. error, mistakekxitx: [k'it'] PF n. deathkxìmyu: ["k'Im.ju] PF n. commander, one with

authority over another (derived from kxìmcommand, order, assign tasks)

kxll: [k'l"] PF n. charge, running attack

kxor: [k'oR] PF n. a wall or bank of powerful wa-terfalls noted for its deafening roar and deadlyforce (countable, but only rarely)

kxu: [k'u] PF n. harmkxumpay: ["k'um.paJ] PF n. viscous liquid,

gel (derived from kxum viscous, gelatinous,thick)

kxutu: ["k'u.tu] PF n. enemy (derived from kxuharm)

lamaytxa: [la.maj."t'a] PF n. floodlawnol: ["law.nol] PF n. great joylawr: [lawR] PF n. melodylayompin: [la."jom.pin] PF n. black (derived

from layon black)leioae: [lE.i.o."a.E] PF n. respectlertu: ["lER.tu] PF n. colleaguelew: [lEw] PF n. cover, lidlie: ["li.E] PF n. experiencelini: ["li.ni] PF n. young of an animal, bird, fish,

insectliswa: [li."swa] PF n. nourishmentlì’fya: ["lIP.fja] PF n. language (c.w. from lì’u

word and fya’o way)lì’fyaolo’: ["lIP.fja.o."loP] PF n. language group,

language users (c.w. from lì’fya language andolo’ clan)

lì’fyavi: ["lIP.fja.vi] PF n. expression, bit of lan-guage (derived from lì’fya language)

lì’kong: ["lIP.koN] PF n. syllable (c.w. from lì’uword and ’ekong rythmic beat)

lì’u: ["lI.Pu] PF n. wordlì’ukìng: ["lI.Pu.kIN] PF n. sentence (c.w. from

lì’u word and kìng thread)lì’ukìngvi: ["lI.Pu.kIN.vi] PF n. phrase (derived

from lì’ukìng sentence)lì’upam: ["lI.Pu.pam] PF n. accent, pronuncia-

tion (c.w. from lì’u word and pam sound)lì’upuk: ["lI.Pu.puk^] PF n. dictionary (c.w. from

lì’u word and puk book (English loan word))lì’uvan: ["lI.Pu.van] PF n. pun, word-play (c.w.

from lì’u word and uvan game)lì’uvi: ["lI.Pu.vi] PF n. affix (derived from lì’u

word)

20

lo’a: ["lo.Pa] PF n. totem, amuletloi: ["lo.i] PF n. egglomtu: ["lom.tu] PF n. missed person (derived

from lom missing, missed)loran: ["lo.Ran] PF n. elegance, grace (c.w. from

lor beautiful and ran intrinsic character or na-ture)

lrrtok: ["lr".tok^] PF n. smile

lun: [lun] PF n. reasonlupra: ["lup.Ra] PF n. stylemasat: ["ma.sat] PF n. breastplate (armor)mauti: ["ma.u.ti] PF n. fruitmaweypeyyu: [ma."wEj.pEj.ju] PF n. One who

is patient (derived from maweypey be pati-ent)

mawl: [mawl] PF n. halfmekre: ["mEk.RE] PF n. suppliesmektseng: ["mEk.

>tsEN] PF n. gap, breach (c.w.

from mek empty and tseng place)menari: [mE."na.Ri] PF n. eyes (two) (derived

from me+ dual and nari eye)meoauniaea: [�mE.o.a.u.ni.a."E.a] PF n. harmo-

ny, living at one with naturemerki: ["mER.ki] PF n. ground rack (for smoking

meats)mesrram: [mE.sr

"."am] PF n., adv. the day befo-

re yesterday, two days ago (derived from trrday)

mesrray: [mE.sr"."aj] PF n., adv. the day after to-

morrow, two days from now (derived from trrday)

meuia: [mE."u.i.a] PF n. honormeyptu: ["mEjp.tu] PF n. weakling (derived

from meyp weak)miktsang: ["mik.

>tsaN] PF n. earring (c.w. from

mikyun ear and tsang piercing)mikyun: ["mik.jun] JC n. earmìfa: ["mI.fa] or [mI."fa] PF n., adv. insidemìnyu: ["mIn.ju] PF n. turner (derived from

mìn turn)mo: [mo] PF n. space, hollow, enclosed open areamo’ara: [mo."Pa.Ra] PF n. gathering placemo a fngä’: ["mo a "fNæP] PF n. restroom (on

Earth) (c.w. from mo space, enclosed open areaand (a) fngä’ relieve oneself )

mokri: ["mok.Ri] PF n. voicemowar: [mo."waR] PF n. advice, bit or piece of ad-

vice

mowarsiyu: [mo."waR.si.ju] PF n. advisor (deri-ved from mowar advice)

mrrtrr: ["mr".tr"] PF n. five day work week (deri-

ved from mrr five and trr day)munsna: ["mun.sna] PF n. pair (derived from

mune two and sna’o set, group)muntrr: ["mun.tr

"] PF n. weekend (derived from

mune two and trr day)muntrram: ["mun.tr

".am] PF n. last weekend (de-

rived from muntrr weekend)muntrray: ["mun.tr

".aj] PF n. next weekend (de-

rived from muntrr weekend)muntxatan: [mun."t'a.tan] PF n. husband, male

spouse (derived from muntxatu spouse)muntxate: [mun."t'a.tE] PF n. wife, female

spouse (derived from muntxatu spouse)muntxatu: [mun."t'a.tu] PF n. spouse (derived

from muntxa mated)na’rìng: ["naP.RIN] PF n. forestnaer: [na."ER] PF n. drink, something able to be

drunknari: ["na.Ri] PF n. eyenawmtu: ["nawm.tu] PF n. great person (deri-

ved from nawm great)nayn: [najn] PF n. the symbol 9 (not the value

nine)neni: ["nE.ni] PF n. sandneympin: ["nEjm.pin] PF n. light color (derived

from neyn light, shade of white)ngam: [Nam] PF n. echongampam: ["Nam.pam] PF n. rhyme (c.w. from

ngam echo and pam sound)ngawng: [NawN] PF n. wormngäng: [NæN] PF n. stomachngep: [NEp^] PF n. navelngimpup: [Nim."pup^] PF n. length (derived

from ngim long and pup short)ngip: [Nip^] PF n. space, open or borderless areangoa: ["No.a] PF n. mudngopyu: ["Nop.ju] PF n. creator (derived from

ngop create)ngrr: [Nr

"] PF n. root

ngrrpongu: ["Nr".po.Nu] PF n. grassroots move-

ment (c.w. from ngrr root and pongu party)ngulpin: ["Nul.pin] PF n. grey (derived from

ngul grey, drab)nguway: ["Nu.waj] PF n. howl, viperwolf cry (de-

rived from way song)nikre: ["nik.RE] PF n. hair

21

nikroi: [nik."Ro.i] PF n. hair adornment (c.w.from nikre hair and ioi adornment)

niktsyey: ["nik.>tsjEj] PF n. food wrap (food itemswrapped in edible leaves or vines) (c.w. fromnik convenient and tsyey snack, light meal)

nivi: ["ni.vi] PF n. sleeping hammock (generalterm)

nìkx: [nIk'] PF n. gravelnrra: ["nr

".a] PF n. pride, feeling of pride

numeyu: ["nu.mE.ju] PF n. student (derivedfrom nume learn)

numtseng: ["num.>tsEN] PF n. school (c.w. from

nume learn and tseng place)numtsengvi: ["num.

>tsEN.vi] PF n. classroom, di-

vision of a school (derived from numtsengschool)

numultxa: [nu.mul."t'a] PF n. class (for instruc-tion) (c.w. from nume learn and ultxa mee-ting)

numultxatu: [nu.mul."t'a.tu] PF n. classmate,member of a class (derived from numultxaclass (for instruction))

oare: [o."a.RE] PF n. moonoeyk: [o."Ejk^] PF n. causeokup: ["o.kup^] PF n. milkolo’: [o."loP] PF n. clanolo’eyktan: [o.lo."PEjk.tan] JC n. clan leader

(c.w. from olo’ clan and eyktan leader)ontsang: ["on.>tsaN] PF n. nose ring (c.w. from

ontu nose and tsang piercing)ontu: ["on.tu] JC n. nosepa’o: ["pa.Po] PF n. sidepam: [pam] PF n. soundpamrel: [pam."REl] PF n. writing (c.w. from

pam sound and rel image)pamrelfya: [pam."REl.fja] PF n. spelling (deri-

ved from pamrel writing and fya’o way)pamrelsiyu: [pam."rEl.si.ju] PF n. writer (deri-

ved from pamrel writing)pamrelvi: [pam."REl.vi] PF n. letter (phonetic

symbol) (derived from pamrel writing)pamrelvul: [pam."rel.vul] n. pen, pencil, lit. åri-

ting stick." (c.w. from pamrel writing andvul branch (of a tree))

pamrelvul lerìn: [pam."rel.vul le."RIn] PF n.pencil, lit. åooden writing stick." (c.w. frompamrelvul pen, pencil and lerìn wooden, ofwood)

pamtseo: ["pam.>tsE.o] PF n. music (c.w. from

pam sound and tseo art)pamtseongopyu: [pam.

>tsE.o."Nop.ju] PF n. mu-

sic creator, composer (c.w. from pamtseo mu-sic and ngopyu creator) eg. James Horner

pamtseotu: ["pam.>tsE.o.tu] PF n. musician (de-

rived from pamtseo music)pamuvan: ["pam.u.van] PF n. sound play (c.w.

from pam sound and uvan game)pan: [pan] PF n. third, one thirdparul: [pa."Rul] PF n. miracleparultsyìp: [pa."Rul.>tsjIp^] PF n. term of affection

for children (derived from parul miracle)paskalin: [pa.ska."lin] PF n. sweet berry (term of

endearment) (derived from pasuk berry and(a)kalin sweet)

pasuk: ["pa.suk^] PF n. berrypawk: [pawk^] PF n. horn, wind instrumentpay: [paj] PF n. water, liquidpayfya: ["paj.fja] PF n. stream (c.w. from pay

water and fya’o way)payìva: ["paj.I.va] PF n. drop of water (derived

from pay water and ìlva drop)payoang: [paj."o.aN] PF n. fish (c.w. from pay

water and ioang animal)paysena: ["paj.sE.na] PF n. water container (c.w.

from pay water and sähena container)paysmung: ["paJ.smuN] PF n. water carrier (c.w.

from pay water and smung transportationdevice)

paytxew: [paj."t'Ew] PF n. shoreline, water’sedge (c.w. from pay water and txew edge)

pängkxoyu: [pæN."k'o.ju] PF n. chatter, conver-ser (derived from pängkxo chat)

pängkxoyu lekoren: [pæN."k'o.ju lE.ko."REn]PF n. lawyer (c.w. from pängkxoyu chatterand lekoren lawlike)

pänu: ["pæ.nu] PF n. promisepewn: [pEwn] PF n. neckpil: [pil] PF n. facial stripepinvul: ["pin.vul] PF n. crayon (c.w. from ’opin

color and vul branch (of a tree)) short for’opinvultsyìp

pizayu: ["pi.za.ju] PF n. ancestorpìwopx: [pI."wop'] PF n. cloudpìwopxtsyìp: [pI."wop'.

>tsjIp] PF n. nebula (de-

rived from pìwopx cloud) lit.: ’little cloud’plltxeyu: [pl

"."t'E.ju] PF n. speaker (derived

from plltxe speak)

22

pongu: ["po.Nu] PF n. a group or party of people(derived from po he/she) ofp.

prrku: ["pr".ku] PF n. womb (c.w. from prrnen

baby and kelku home)prrkxentrrkrr: [pr

".k'En.tr

".kr

"] Skxawng n. day ti-

me smoking pleasure, vibrating tongue (Na’viidiom) (c.w. from prrte’ pleasurable, kxenersmoke, trr day and krr time)

prrnen: ["pr".nEn] PF n. infant, baby

prrnesyul: ["pr".nE.sjul] PF n. bud (c.w. from

prrnen baby and syulang flower)prrsmung: ["pr

".smuN] PF n. baby carrier (c.w.

from prrnen baby and smung transportationdevice)

prrwll: ["pr".wl

"] Prr n. moss (c.w. from prrnen

baby and ’ewll plant)pxawngip: ["p'aw.Nip^] PF n. environment (c.w.

from pxaw around and ngip space)pxawpa: ["p'aw.pa] PF n. perimeter, circumfe-

rence, border (c.w. from pxaw around andpa’o side)

pxawpxun: ["p'aw.p'un] PF n. armband (c.w.from pxaw around and pxun arm)

pxen: [p'En] PF n. functional clothing (item of)pxesrram: [p'E.sr

"."am] PF n., adv. three days ago

(derived from trr day)pxesrray: [p'E.sr

"."aj] PF n., adv. three days from

now (derived from trr day)pxorpam: ["p'oR.pam] PF n. ejective consonant

(c.w. from pxor explode and pam sound)pxun: [p'un] PF n. armpxuntil: ["p'un.til] PF n. elbow (c.w. from pxun

arm and til joint)ral: [Ral] PF n. meaningram: [Ram] PF n. mountainramtsyìp: ["Ram.

>tsjIp^] PF n. hill (derived from

ram mountain)ramunong: [Ra."mu.noN] PF n. wellran: [Ran] PF n. intrinsic character or nature, es-

sence, constititution; basic nature of somethingresulting from the totality of its properties; of-ten best translated as personality

raspu’: [Ra."spuP] PF n. leggings (used in war)rawm: [Rawm] PF n. lightning (general term)rawmpxom: ["Rawm.p'om] PF n. thunder and

lightning (derived from rawm lightning and’rrpxom thunder)

rawng: [rawN] PF n. entrance, doorwayre’o: ["RE.Po] PF n. head

rel: [REl] PF n. image, picturerel arusikx: ["rEl a.ru."sikx] PF n. movie, film,

video (c.w. from rel picture and rikx move)reltseo: ["REl.>tsE.o] PF n. visual art (c.w. from

rel image and tseo art)reltseotu: ["REl.>tsE.o.tu] PF n. artist (visual)

(derived from reltseo visual art)relvul: ["REl.vul] PF n. pen, pencil, lit. åriting

stick."(short form of pamrelvul)rem: [rEm] PF n. fuelrenten: ["REn.tEn] PF n. goggles, (made from in-

sect wings, carved from wood, etc)renu: ["RE.nu] PF n. patternrewon: ["RE.won] PF n. morningrey’eng: [REj."PEN] PF n. the Balance of Life (de-

rived from rey live)reyfya: ["REj.fja] PF n. way of living, culture (c.w.

from rey live and fya’o path, way)reym: [REjm] PF n. dry landreypay: ["REj.paj] PF n. blood (c.w. from rey live

and pay water)rimpin: ["Rim.pin] PF n. yellow (derived from

rim yellow)rina’: [Ri."naP] PF n. seed (derived from atoki-

rina’ seeds of the great tree)rì’ìr: ["RI.PIR] PF n. reflectionrìk: [RIk^] PF n. leafrìn: [RIn] PF n. woodrong: [RoN] PF n. tunnelronguwayyu: [Ro."Nu.waj.ju] PF n. howler (de-

rived from ronguway howl)ronsem: ["Ron.sEm] PF n. mindronsrel: ["Ron.sREl] PF n. something imagined

(derived from ronsrelngop imagine)ropx: [Rop'] PF n. hole (going clear through an

object)rum: [Rum] PF n. ballrurur: [Ru."RuR] PF n. water that is aeriated whi-

le flowing among the rocks of a very graduallysloping stream (countable)

rusey: [Ru."sEj] PF adj., n. alive, living, livingthing (c.w. from rey live and «us» active par-ticiple infix)

sa’ewrang: [sa."PEw.RaN] PF n. mother loom, gi-ant loom (derived from sa’nok mother and’ewrang loom)

sa’nok: ["saP.nok^] PF n. mother (fromsa’atenuk C)

23

sa’nu: ["saP.nu] PF n. mum, mommy (affectiona-te form of sa’nok mother)

sa’nutsyìp: ["saP.nu.>tsjIp^] PF n. little mommy(used for young girls) (derived from sa’numommy)

sa’sem: ["saP.sEm] PF n. parent or set of parents(derived from sa’nok mother and sempulfather)

saho: [sa."ho] PF n. prayer (derived from ahopray)

salewfya: [sa."lEw.fja] PF n. direction, course(derived from salew proceed and fya’o path)

satu’li: [sa."tuP.li] PF n. heritage (Note: Alsoname of canteen at Disney’s Pandora)

sä’anla: [sæ."Pan.la] PF n. yearning (derivedfrom ’anla yearn for)

sä’eoio: [sæ."PE.o.i.o] PF n. ceremony, ritual, rite(derived from ’eoio ceremonious)

sä’ipu: [sæ."Pi.pu] PF n. something humorous(derived from ’ipu humorous)

sä’o: ["sæ.Po] PF n. tool, utensilsäfe’ul: [sæ."fE.Pul] PF n. worsening (specific in-

stance) (derived from fe’ul worsen)säflä: [sæ."flæ] PF n. success (an instance of suc-

ceeding) (derived from flä succeed)säfmi: [sæ."fmi] PF n. attempt (derived from

fmi try, attempt)säfngo’: [sæ."fNoP] PF n. requirement, demand

(derived from fngo’ require)säfpìl: [sæ."fpIl] PF n. idea (derived from fpìl

think)säftxulì’u: [sæ.ft'u."lI.Pu] PF n. speech, oration

(derived from ftxulì’u orate, give speech)säfyep: [sæ."fjEp^] PF n. handle (derived from

fyep hold in the hand)sähena: [sæ."hE.na] PF n. container, vessel, car-

rier (derived from hena carry)säkanom: [sæ."ka.nom] PF n. something acqui-

red, an acquisition, a possession (derived fromkanom acquire)

säkxange: [sæ."k'a.NE] PF n. yawn (derivedfrom kxange yawn)

sälang: [sæ."laN] PF n. an exploration or investi-gation (derived from lang investigate, explo-re)

sälatem: [sæ."la.tEm] PF n. change (instanceof), edit, modification (derived from latemchange)

sälätxayn: [sæ.læ."t'ajn] PF n. defeat, an instan-ce of defeat (derived from lätxayn defeat)

säleymfe’: [sæ.lEjm."fEP] PF n. complaint (deri-ved from leymfe’ complain)

säleymkem: [sæ.lEjm."kEm] PF n. protest, in-stance of protesting (derived from leymkemprotest)

sämok: [sæ."mok^] PF n. a suggestion (derivedfrom mok suggest)

sämunge: [sæ."mu.NE] PF n. transportation toolor device (derived from munge take, bring)Note: In compounds, the ä and e drop, yi-elding –smung

sämyam: [sæm."yam] PF n. hug, embrace (deri-ved from meyam hug)

sängä’än: [sæ.Næ."Pæn] PF n. bout of suffering;episode of depression (derived from ngä’änsuffer mentally or emotionally)

sängop: [sæ."Nop^] PF n. creation (derived fromngop create)

sänrr: [sæ."nr"] PF n. glow, an instance of glowing;

light source, lamp (derived from nrr glow)sänui: [sæ."nu.i] PF n. failure (particular instance

of failure) (derived from nui fail, falter)sänume: [sæ."nu.mE] PF n. teaching, instruction

(derived from nume learn)sänumvi: [sæ."num.vi] PF n. lesson (derived

from sänume teaching)säomum: [sæ."o.mum] PF n. (piece of) informa-

tion (derived from omum know)säpenghrr: [sæ.pEN."hr

"] PF n. warning (derived

from penghrr warn)säpllhrr: [sæ.pl

"."hr

"] PF n. warning (derived

from pllhrr warn)säplltxe: [sæ.pl

"."t'E] PF n. statement (derived

from plltxe speak)säplltxevi: [sæ.pl

"."t'E.vi] PF n. comment (deri-

ved from säplltxe statement)säpom: [sæ."pom] PF n. kiss (derived from

pom kiss)särawn: [sæ."Rawn] PF n. replacement, substitu-

te, something that replaces something else (de-rived from rawn replace)

särengop: [sæ."rE.Nop^] PF n. design (a par-ticular instance of designing) (derived fromrengop design)

säro’a: [sæ."Ro.Pa] PF n. feat, accomplishment,great deed

24

säseyto: [sæ.sEj."to] PF n. butchering tool (deri-ved from seyto butcher (in the sense of separa-ting or processing the carcass of a dead animal))

säsìlpey: [sæ.sIl."pEj] PF n. hope (particular in-stance) (derived from sìlpey hope)

säspxin: [sæ."sp'in] PF n. disease, sickness, ill-ness (derived from spxin sick)

säspxintsyìp: [sæ."sp'in.>tsjIp^] PF n. minor ail-

ment (derived from säspxin illness)säsrätx: [sæ."sRæt'] PF n. annoyance (derived

from srätx annoy)säsrìn: [sæ."sRIn] PF n. lent or borrowed thing

(derived from srìn temporarily transfer fromone to another)

sästarsìm: [sæ."staR.sIm] PF n. collection (puttogether intentionally by a person) (derivedfrom starsìm gather, collect)

säsulìn: [sæ."su.lIn] PF n. hobby, pleasure-yielding activity (derived from sulìn be busy(positive sense))

säsyep: [sæ."sjEp^] PF n. trap (derived fromsyep trap)

sätare: [sæ."ta.RE] PF n. connection, relationship(derived from tare connect, relate to)

sätaron: [sæ."ta.Ron] PF n. hunt (derived fromtaron hunt)

sätsan’ul: [sæ.">tsan.Pul] PF n. improvement

(specific instance) (derived from tsan’ul im-prove)

sätsìsyì: [sæ.">tsI.sjI] PF n. whisper (derived

from tsìsyì whisper)sätswayon: [sæ."

>tswaj.on] PF n. flight (an in-

stance of flying) (derived from tswayon fly)sätsyìl: [sæ."

>tsjIl] PF n. climbing event, a climb

(derived from tsyìl climb)sävll: [sæ."vl

"] PF n. sign, indication, signal (de-

rived from vll indicate, point at)säwäsul: [sæ."wæ.sul] PF n. a competition (deri-

ved from wäsul compete)säwäsultsyìp: [sæ."wæ.sul.

>tsjIp^] PF n. a con-

test (derived from säwäsul a competition)säwäte: [sæ.wæ."tE] PF n. point of contention,

source of argument, thing disputed (derivedfrom wäte argue)

säwìngay: [sæ.wI."Naj] PF n. proof (particularinstance) (derived from wìngay proof )

säwìntxu: [sæ.wIn."t'u] PF n. a showing, an ex-hibition (derived from wìntxu show)

säyäkx: [sæ."Jæk'] PF n. snub (derived fromyäkx not notice, ignore, snub)

säzärìp: [sæ."zæ.RIp^] RL,PF n. face lead, rein(derived from za’ärìp pull)

se’ayl: [sE."Pajl] PF n. an individual tall, thin wa-terfall that pours down a sheer high cliff, or offof a floating mountain (countable)

sekrr: ["sE.kr"] PF n. present (c.w. from set now

and krr time)semkä: [sEm."kæ] PF n. bridge (derived from

emkä cross)sempu: ["sEm.pu] PF n. daddy (affectionate

form of sempul father)sempul: ["sEm.pul] PF n. fathersey: [sEj] PF n. cup or bowl minimally modified

from naturally occuring resourcesseyn: [sEjn] PF n. chair, stool, bench; any tool or

device to facilitate sitting (derived from sä’otool and heyn sit)

seyri: ["sEj.Ri] JC n. lipskiempa: ["ski.Em.pa] PF n. right side (c.w.

from skien right and pa’o side)skxawng: [sk'awN] PF n. moron, idiotskxir: [sk'iR] PF n. woundskxirtsyìp: ["sk'iR.>tsjIp^] PF n. cut, bruise, minor

wound (derived from skxir wound)skxom: [sk'om] PF n. chance, opportunityslantire: [slan.ti."RE] PF n. inspiration (c.w. from

slan support and tirea spirit)slär: [slæR] PF n. caveslosnep: [slo."snEp^] PF n. width (derived from

snep narrow)slukx: [sluk'] PF n. horn of an animalsmar: [smaR] PF n. prey, hunted thingsna’o: ["sna.Po] PF n. set, group, pile, clump,

stand nfp.snafpìlfya: [sna."fpIl.fja] PF n. philosophy (c.w.

from sna’o group and fpìlfya way of thin-king) lit.: ’a group of mindsets’

snanumultxa: [sna.nu.mul."t'a] PF n. course (asa collection of classes) (derived from numul-txa class (for instruction))

snapamrelvi: [sna.pam."REl.vi] PF n. alphabet(derived from pamrelvi letter (phonetic sym-bol))

snatanhì: [sna.tan."hI] PF n. constellation (c.w.from sna’o clump and tanhì star) lit.: ’aclump of stars’

25

snatanhìtsyìp: [sna.tan."hI.>tsjIp] PF n. starcluster (c.w. from sna’o group and tan-hì(tsyìp) star)

snatxärem: [sna."t'æ.REm] PF n. skeleton (c.w.from sna’o group and txärem bone) lit.: ’setof bones’

snayì: [sna."jI] PF n. staircase, series of step-likelevels (derived from yì level, step)

snaytu: ["snaj.tu] PF n. loser (derived fromsnaytx lose)

sngä’ikrr: ["sNæ.Pi.kr"] PF n. beginning, starting

time (c.w. from sngä’i begin and krr time)sngä’itseng: ["sNæ.PI.

>tsEN] PF n. beginning,

starting position, initial location (c.w. fromsngä’i start and tseng place)

sngä’iyu: ["sNæ.Pi.ju] PF n. beginner (derivedfrom sngä’i begin)

sngel: [sNEl] PF n. garbage, trash, rubbishsngeltseng: ["sNEl.>tsEN] PF n. rubbish place, gar-

bage dump (c.w. from sngel garbage andtseng place)

sngum: [sNum] PF n. worrysngumtsim: ["sNum.

>tsim] PF n. worrisome mat-

ter, source of worry (c.w. from sngum worryand tsim source)

snokfyan: ["snok.fjan] PF n. personal belongingsrack (c.w. from sno his self, her self, its selfand kurfyan hamper or suspended rack)

snolup: ["sno.lup^] PF n. personal style or aest-hetic, presence (c.w. from sno self and luprastyle)

snomo: ["sno.mo] PF n. private space that one canretreat to (c.w. from sno his or her self andmo space)

snonivi: ["sno.ni.vi] PF n. single-person ham-mock (c.w. from sno his/her self and nivi slee-ping hammock)

snonrra: [sno."nr".a] PF n. self-pride (negative

connotation) (c.w. from sno his/her self andnrra pride)

snotipx: [sno."tip'] PF n. self-control (c.w. fromsno self and tìhipx control)

Snrrtsyìp: ["snr".>tsjIp^] PF n. Alpha Centauri C

aka Proxima Centauri (Colloquial) (derivedfrom Tawsnrrtsyìp Alpha Centauri C)

so’yu: ["so.ju] PF n. colloquial form of txan-so’hayu (fan, enthusiast)

somwew: [som."wEw] PF n. temperature (deri-ved from som hot and wew cold)

sopyu: ["sop.ju] PF n. traveller (derived fromsop travel)

spe’etu: [spE."PE.tu] PF n. captive (derivedfrom spe’e capture)

spono: ["spo.no] PF n. islandspulmokri: [spul."mok.Ri] PF n. telephone (deri-

ved from spule propel and mokri voice)spulyaney: [spul.ja."nEj] PF n. canoe paddle

(c.w. from spule propel and yaney canoe)spxam: [sp'am] PF n. mushroom, fungussrä: [sRæ] PF n. cloth; a piece of cloth woven on a

loomsre’: [sREP] PF n. toothsrekamtrr: [sRE."kam.tr

"] PF n. the time before

noon (c.w. from sre before and kxamtrr mid-day)

srekamtxon: [sRE."kam.t'on] PF n. before mid-night (c.w. from sre before and kxamtxonmidnight)

sresrr’ong: [sRE.sr"."PoN] PF n. before dawn (c.w.

from sre before and trr’ong dawn)sreton’ong: [sRE.ton."PoN] PF n. dusk, evening

before sunset (c.w. from sre before and txon-’ong night-fall)

srey: [sREj] PF n. versionsrok: [sRok^] PF n. bead (decorative)srung: [sRuN] PF n. help, assistancesrungsiyu: ["sRuN.si.ju] PF n. assistant, helper

(derived from srung help)srungtsyìp: ["sRuN.>tsjIp^] PF n. helpful hint, tip

(derived from srung help)starlì’u: ["staR.lI.Pu] PF n. adposition (c.w. from

sätare connection, relationship and lì’u word)stawmtswo: ["stawm.

>tswo] PF n. (sense of) hea-

ring (derived from stawm hear)stiwi: ["sti.wi] PF n. mischiefstiwisiyu: ["sti.wi.si.Ju] PF n. mischief-maker

(derived from stiwi mischief )stxeli: ["st'E.li] PF n. giftstxenu: ["st'E.nu] PF n. offer (c.w. from stxeli

gift and lonu release)sum: [sum] PF n. shell (from the ocean)sumsey: ["sum.sEj] PF n. drinking vessel made

of shell (c.w. from sum shell and sey cup orbowl minimally modified from naturally occur-ring resources)

sur: [suR] PF n. taste, flavorswaw: [swaw] PF n. moment

26

swawtsyìp: ["swaw.>tsjIp^] PF n. little moment,

second (derived from swaw moment)swaynivi: ["swaj.ni.vi] PF n. family hammock

(c.w. from soaia family and nivi sleepinghammock) Note: soaia contracts to sway

swek: [swEk^] PF n. bar, rod, poleswirä: [swi."Ræ] PF n. creatureswizaw: [swi."zaw] PF n. arrowswizawsena: [swi."zaw.sE.na] PF n. quiver (at-

tached to ikran’s saddle) (c.w. from swizawarrow and sähena carrier)

swoa: ["swo.a] PF n. intoxicating beverage, or“spirits”

swoasey: ["swo.a.sEj] PF n. kava bowl (construc-ted from seed pods, used for drinking intoxica-ting beverages), hand-sized (c.w. from swoaintoxicating beverage or “sprits" and sey cupor bowl minimally modified from naturally oc-curring resources)

swoasey ayll: ["swo.a.sEj a."jl"] PF n. large soci-

al kava bowl (c.w. from swoasey kava bowl(constructed from seed pods, used for drinkingintoxicating beverages) and yll communal)

swotu: ["swo.tu] PF n. sacred placesyanan: ["sja.nan] PF n. a single drop or series of

smaller waterfalls occurring sequentially alonga stream or series of pools (countable)

syawn: [sjawn] PF n. blessingsyay: [sjaj] PF n. fatesyayvi: ["sjaj.vi] PF n. luck, chance (derived

from syay fate)sye’otxang: ["sjE.Po.t'aN] PF n. wind instrument

(c.w. from syeha breath and ’otxang musicalinstrument)

syeha: ["sjE.ha] PF n. breathsyeprel: [sjEp."REl] PF n. camera (c.w. from syep

trap and rel image)syewe: ["sJE.wE] PF n. fat (substance in meat)syokup: [sJo."kup^] PF n. weight (physical) (de-

rived from syo light and ku’up heavy)syon: [sjon] PF n. feature, trait, attribute, charac-

teristic, point, aspect, facet, propertysyonlì’u: ["sjon.lI.Pu] PF n. adjective (c.w. from

syon feature, trait, characteristic and lì’uword)

syulang: ["sju.laN] PF n. flowersyura: [sju."Ra] PF n. energy (physical or spiritu-

al)

syuratan: [sju."Ra.tan] JC,PF n. bioluminescence(c.w. from syura energy and atan light)

syusmung: ["sju.smuN] PF n. food tray (c.w.from syuve food and smung transportationdevice)

syuve: ["sju.vE] PF n. food (collective noun, can-not be pluralised)

syuvekel: ["sju.vE.kEl] PF n. famine (derivedfrom syuve food)

ta’leng: ["taP.lEN] PF n. skintangek: ["ta.NEk^] PF n. trunk (of a tree)tanhì: [tan."hI] PF n. star, bioluminescent freckletanleng: ["tan.lEN] PF n. bark (of a tree) (deri-

ved from tangek trunk (of a tree) and ta’lengskin)

tarnioang: ["taR.ni.o.ang] PF n. predator animal(c.w. from taron hunt and ioang animal)

taronyu: ["ta.Ron.ju] JC,PF n. hunter (c.w. fromtaron hunt and –yu agent suffix)

taronyutsyìp: ["ta.Ron.ju.>tsjIp^] PF n. little hun-ter (derived from taronyu hunter)

taw: [taw] PF n. skyTawsnrrtsyìp: [taw."snr

".>tsjIp^] PF n. Alpha

Centauri C aka Proxima Centauri (derivedfrom taw sky and sänrr light source)

tawsyuratan: [taw.sju."Ra.tan] PF,LN n. au-rora (c.w. from taw sky and syuratan(bio)luminescence)

tawtxew: ["taw.t'Ew] PF n. horizon, skyline (c.w.from taw sky and txew edge)

täftxuyu: [tæ."ft'u.ju] PF n. weaver (derivedfrom täftxu weave and –yu agent suffix)

tekre: ["tEk.RE] PF n. skulltelem: [tE."lEm] PF n. cordtemrey: [tEm."REj] PF n. survival (derived from

emrey survive)tewng: [tEwN] PF n. loinclothteynga: ["tEjN.a] PF n. that answer (contraction

of tì’eyng a)teyngla: ["tEjN.la] PF n. that answer (agentive)

(contraction of tì’eyng–ìl a)teyngta: ["tEjN.ta] PF n. that answer (patientive)

(contraction of tì’eyng–it a)teyrpin: ["tEjR.pin] PF n. white (derived from

teyr white)til: [til] PF n. joint, hingetilì’u: ["ti.lI.Pu] PF n. conjunction (c.w. from til

joint, hinge and lì’u word)

27

tinan: ["ti.nan] PF n. reading (derived from in-an read)

tirea: [ti."RE.a] PF n. spirittireafya’o: [ti."RE.a.�fja.Po] PF n. spirit path (c.w.

from tirea spirit and fya’o path)tireaioang: [ti."RE.a.i.�o.aN] PF n. spirit animal

(c.w. from tirea spirit and ioang animal)tiretu: [ti."RE.tu] PF n. shaman (derived from ti-

rea spirit and tute person)tì’al: [tI.".Pal] PF n. wastefulness (derived from

’al waste)tì’awm: [tI."Pawm] PF n. camping (derived

from ’awm camp)tì’awpo: [tI."Paw.po] PF n. individuality (nega-

tive connotation), selfishness (derived from’awpo one individual)

tì’efu: [tI."PE.fu] PF n. feeling (derived from’efu feel)

tì’em: [tI."PEm] PF n. the art of cooking (derivedfrom ’em cook)

tì’eylan: [tI."PEj.lan] PF n. friendship (derivedfrom ’eylan friend)

tì’eyng: [tI."PEjN] PF n. answer, response (deri-ved from ’eyng answer)

tì’i’a: [tI."PiP.a] PF n. ending, conclusion (deri-ved from ’i’a end)

tì’ipu: [tI."Pi.pu] PF n. humor (derived from’ipu humorous)

tì’o’: [tI."PoP] PF n. fun, excitement (derivedfrom ’o’ exciting)

tì’ong: [tI."PoN] PF n. blooming, unfolding (deri-ved from ’ong bloom)

tì’ongokx: [tI."Po.Nok'^] PF n. birth (derivedfrom ’ongokx be born)

tì’ul: [tI."Pul] PF n. increasetìaho: [tI.a."ho] PF n. prayer (in general, abstract

idea) (derived from aho pray)tìeyktan: [tI."Ejk.tan] JC,PF n. leadership (deri-

ved from eyktan leader)tìfe’ul: [tI."fE.Pul] PF n. worsening (in the general

or abstract sense) (derived from fe’ul worsen)tìfkeytok: [tI."fkEj.tok^] PF n. state, condition,

situation (derived from fkeytok exist)tìflä: [tI."flæ] PF n. success (in general) (derived

from flä succeed)tìflrr: [tI."flr

"] PF n. gentleness, tenderness (deri-

ved from flrr gentle)tìfmetok: [tI."fmE.tok^] PF n. test (derived from

fmetok test)

tìfmi: [tI."fmi] PF n. attempt (derived from fmiattempt)

tìfnu: [tI."fnu] PF n. quiet, silence (derived fromfnu quiet)

tìfpxamo: [tI."fp'a.mo] PF n. horror (derivedfrom fpxamo horrible)

tìftang: [tI."ftaN] PF n. stopping, the glottal stop(derived from ftang stop)

tìftia: [tI.fti".a] PF n. study (derived from ftiastudy)

tìftia kifkeyä: [tI.fti".a ki."fkE.jæ] PF n. science,the study of the physical world (c.w. from tìf-tia study and kifkey world)

tìftiatu: [tI.fti".a.tu] PF n. researcher (derivedfrom tìftia study)

tìftiatu kifkeyä: [tI.fti".a.tu ki."fkEj.æ] PF n.scientist (c.w. from tìftiatu researcher andkifkey world)

tìftxavang: [tI."ft'a.vaN] PF n. passion (derivedfrom ftxavang passionate)

tìftxey: [tI."ft'Ej] PF n. choice (derived from ftx-ey choose)

tìftxulì’u: [tI.ft'u."lI.Pu] PF n. speech-making,public speaking (derived from ftxulì’u orate,give speech)

tìfyawìntxu: [tI.fja.wIn."t'u] PF n. guidance(derived from fyawìntxu guide)

tìfyeyn: [tI."fjEjn] PF n. ripeness, maturity, fullfruition (derived from fyeyn ripe, mature)

tìhan: [tI."han] PF n. loss (derived from han lo-se)

tìhawl: [tI."hawl] PF n. preparations, plan (deri-ved from hawl prepare)

tìhawnu: [tI."haw.nu] PF n. protection (derivedfrom hawnu protect, shelter)

tìhipx: [tI."hip'] PF n. control (derived fromhipx control)

tìhìpey: [ti."hI.pEj] PF n. hesitation (derivedfrom hìpey hesitate)

tìhona: [tI."ho.na] PF n. cuteness, adorableness(derived from hona endearing)

tìk’ìn: [tIk."PIn] PF n. free time, the absence of bu-siness (derived from ’ìn be busy)

tìkakpam: [tI.kak."pam] PF n. deafness (deri-ved from kakpam deaf )

tìkakrel: [tI.kak."REl] PF n. blindness (derivedfrom kakrel blind)

tìkan: [tI."kan] PF n. aim, goal, purpose, target(derived from kan aim)

28

tìkangkem: [tI."kaN.kEm] PF n. work (derivedfrom kem action, deed)

tìkangkemvi: [tI."kaN.kEm.vi] PF n. project, pie-ce of work (derived from tìkangkem work)

tìkanu: [tI."ka.nu] PF n. intelligence (derivedfrom kanu smart)

tìkawng: [tI."kawN] PF n. evil (derived fromkawng bad)

tìkeftxo: [tI.kE."ft'o] PF n. sadness (derivedfrom keftxo unhappy)

tìkelu: [tI."kE.lu] PF n. lack (derived from kenot and lu be)

tìkemwiä: [tI.kEm."wi.æ] PF n. unfairness, in-justice (derived from kemwiä improper, un-fair, wrong, unjustified)

tìkenong: [tI."kE.noN] PF n. example (derivedfrom kenong model)

tìketeng: [tI."kE.tEN] PF n. difference (c.w. fromke not and teng same)

tìkin: [tI."kin] PF n. need (derived from kinneed)

tìktseri: [tIk.">tsE.Ri] PF n. unawareness, lack ofnotice (derived from tseri note, notice)

tìkusar: [tI.ku."saR] PF n. teaching (the act) (de-rived from kar teach)

tìkxey: [tI."k'Ej] PF n. incorrectness, mistakeness(derived from kxeyey mistake)

tìkxìm: [tI."k'Im] PF n. commanding, ordering,assigning tasks (derived from kxìm com-mand, order, assign tasks)

tìkxuke: [tI."k'u.kE] PF n. safety (derived fromkxuke safe)

tìlam: [tI."lam] PF n. appearance (derived fromlam seem)

tìlang: [tI."laN] PF n. exploration (derived fromlang investigate, explore)

tìlatem: [tI."la.tEm] PF n. change (abstract con-cept) (derived from latem change)

tìlen: [tI."lEn] Prr n. event, happening (derivedfrom len happen)

tìleym: [tI."lEjm] PF n. call (derived from leymcall, cry out, exclaim)

tìleymfe’: [tI.lEjm."fEP] PF n. complaining (deri-ved from leymfe’ complain)

tìleymkem: [tI.lEjm."kEm] PF n. protesting, pro-test (abstract concept) (derived from leym-kem protest)

tìloho: [tI."lo.ho] PF n. surprise (derived fromloho be surprising)

tìlor: [tI."loR] PF n. beauty (derived from lorbeautiful)

tìmal: [tI."mal] PF n. trustworthiness (derivedfrom mal trustworthy)

tìme’em: [tI."mE.PEm] PF n. harmony (generalsense) (derived from me’em harmonious)

tìmeyp: [tI."mEjp] PF n. weakness (derivedfrom meyp weak)

tìmll’an: [tI.ml"."Pan] PF n. acceptance (derived

from mll’an accept)tìmok: [tI."mok^] PF n. abstract idea of a sugges-

tion (derived from mok suggest)tìmungwrr: [tI.muN."wr

"] PF n. exception (deri-

ved from mungwrr except)tìmuntxa: [tI.mun."t'a] PF n. mating, marriage

(derived from muntxa mated)tìmweypey: [tIm."wEj.pEj] PF n. patience (deri-

ved from maweypey be patient)tìmwiä: [tIm."wi.æ] PF n. fairness, justice (deri-

ved from muiä proper, fair, right, justified)tìmyì: ["tIm.jI] PF n. low level (c.w. from tìm low

and yì level)tìn: [tIn] PF n. activity that keeps one busy (deri-

ved from ’ìn be busy)tìnawri: [tI."naw.Ri] PF n. talent (derived from

nawri talented)tìnew: [tI."nEw] PF n. desire (derived from new

want)tìngay: [tI."Naj] PF n. truth (derived from ngay

true)tìngäzìk: [tI."Næ.zIk^] PF n. difficulty, problem

(derived from ngäzìk difficult)tìngong: [tI."NoN] PF n. lethargy, laziness (deri-

ved from ngong lazy)tìngop: [tI."Nop^] PF n. abstract idea of a creation

(derived from ngop create)tìno: [tI."no] PF n. thoroughness, attention to de-

tailtìnomum: [tI."no.mum] PF n. curiosity (derived

from newomum be curious)tìnui: [tI."nu.i] PF n. failure (abstract concept)

(derived from nui fail, falter)tìnvi: ["tIn.vi] PF n. task, errand, step (in an in-

struction)tìoeyktìng: [tI."o.Ejk.tIN] PF n. explanation (de-

rived from «eyk» cause (root)) (Pronounced[tI."wEjk.tIN] in casual speech)

tìohakx: [tI.o."hak'] PF n. hunger (derived fromohakx hungry)

29

tìomum: [tI."o.mum] PF n. knowledge (derivedfrom omum know)

tìpaw: [tI."paw] PF n. growthtìpawm: [tI."pawm] PF n. question (derived

from pawm ask)tìpähem: [tI."pæ.hEm] PF n. arrival (derived

from pähem arrive)tìpängkxo: [tI.pæN."k'o] PF n. conversation, di-

scussion (derived from pängkxo chat)tìpängkxotsyìp: [tI.pæN."k'o.

>tsjIp^] PF n. little

conversation (derived from tìpängkxo con-versation)

tìpe’un: [tI."pE.Pun] PF n. decision (derivedfrom pe’un decide)

tìprrte’: [tI."pr".tEP] PF n. pleasure (derived

from prrte’ pleasurable)tìpsaw: [tIp."saw] PF n. clumsiness (derived

from pìsaw clumsy, accident-prone)tìralpeng: [tI.Ral."pEN] PF n. translation, inter-

pretation (derived from ral meaning andpeng tell)

tìranpam: [tI."Ran.pam] PF n. footstep (sound)(c.w. from tìran walk and pam sound)

tìrawn: [tI."Rawn] PF n. replacement, the act ofreplacing (derived from rawn replace)

tìrengop: [tI."rE.Nop^] PF n. design (the act or artof designing (derived from rengop design)

tìrey: [tI."REj] PF n. life (derived from rey live)tìrol: [tI."Rol] PF n. song (vocal) (derived from

rol sing)tìronsrel: [tI."Ron.sREl] PF n. imagination (deri-

ved from ronsrelngop imagine)tìska’a: [tI.ska."Pa] PF n. destruction (derived

from ska’a destroy)tìsla’tsu: [tI."slaP.>tsu] PF n. description (derived

from sla’tsu describe)tìslan: [tI."slan] PF n. support (emotional, social

or personal support) (derived from slan sup-port) ofp.

tìsnaytx: [tI."snajt'] PF n. loss (derived fromsnaytx lose)

tìso’ha: [tI."soP.ha] PF n. enthusiasm, having agood attitude (derived from so’ha be enthusi-astic about)

tìsom: [tI."som] PF n. heat (derived from somhot)

tìsop: [tI."sop^] PF n. journey (derived from soptravel)

tìspe’e: [tI.spE."PE] PF n. capture (derived fromspe’e capture)

tìspxin: [tI."sp'in] PF n. the state of being ill, sick-ness (derived from spxin sick)

tìsraw: [tI."sRaw] PF n. pain (derived from srawpainful)

tìsrese’a: [tI."sRE.sE.Pa] PF n. prophecy (derivedfrom srese’a prophetize)

tìsteftxaw: [tI.stE."ft'aw] PF n. examination (de-rived from steftxaw examine)

tìsti: [tI."sti] PF n. anger (derived from sti beangry)

tìsung: [tI."suN] LN n. addition, post script (deri-ved from sung add)

tìsyor: [tI."sjor] PF n. relaxation (derived fromsyor relax)

tìsyortsyìp: [tI."sjoR.>tsjIp^] PF n. break, smallrest or relaxation (derived from syor relax,chill out)

tìtaron: [tI."ta.Ron] PF n. hunting (derived fromtaron hunt)

tìterkup: [tI."tER.kup^] PF n. death (in abstractsense) (derived from terkup die)“Death is in-evitable."

tìtsan’ul: [tI.">tsan.Pul] PF n. improvement (inthe general or abstract sense) (derived fromtsan’ul improve)

tìtseri: [tI.">tsE.Ri] PF n. awareness, notice (deri-ved from tseri note, notice)

tìtslam: [tI.">tslam] PF n. understanding, intelli-gence (derived from tslam understand)

tìtstew: [tI.">tstEw] PF n. courage, braverytìtstunwi: [tI.">tstun.wi] PF n. kindness (derived

from tstunwi kind)tìtsunslu: [tI.">tsun.slu] PF n. possibility (deri-

ved from tsunslu may, be possible)tìtsyär: [tI.">tsjæR] PF n. rejection (derived from

tsyär reject)tìtsyul: [tI.">tsjul] PF n. beginning, start (derived

from tsyul begin, start)tìtusaron: [tI.tu."sa.Ron] PF n. hunting (derived

from taron hunt)tìtxanew: [tI."t'a.nEw] PF n. greed (derived

from txanew greedy)tìtxantslusam: [tI."t'an.>tslu.sam] PF n. wisdom

(seldom used) (derived from txantslusamwise)

tìtxap: [tI."t'ap^] PF n. pressure (physical) (deri-ved from txap press)

30

tìtxen: [tI."t'En] PF n. awakeness, the state of wa-king (derived from txen awake)

tìtxula: [tI."t'u.la] PF n. construction, construc-ted thing (derived from txula build)

tìtxur: [tI."t'uR] PF n. strength, power (derivedfrom txur strong)

tìvawm: [tI."vawm] PF n. darkness (derivedfrom vawm dark)

tìväng: [tI."væN] PF n. thirst (derived fromväng thirsty)

tìve’kì: [tI.vEP."kI] PF n. hatred (derived fromve’kì hate)

tìwan: [tI."wan] PF n. obfuscation, cover up (de-rived from wan hide)

tìwäsul: [tI."wæ.sul] PF n. competition (derivedfrom wäsul compete)

tìwäte: [tI.wæ."tE] PF n. dispute, argument (de-rived from wäte argue)

tìwew: [tI."wEw] PF n. coldness, cold (derivedfrom wew cold)

tìwìngay: [tI.wI."Naj] PF n. proof, proving (ab-stract) (derived from wìngay prove)

tìwusem: [tI.wu."sEm] PF n. fighting (derivedfrom wem fight)

tìyawn: [tI."jawn] PF n. love (derived fromyawne beloved)

tìyawr: [tI."jawR] PF n. correctness (derivedfrom eyawr correct)

tìyäkx: [tI."Jæk'] PF n. lack of notice, snubbing(derived from yäkx not notice, ignore, snub)

tìyo’: [tI."joP^] PF n. perfection (derived fromyo’ be perfect)

tìyora’: [tI.jo"RaP] PF n. victory, a win (derivedfrom yora’ win)

tìyusom: [tI.ju."som] PF n. eating (the act) (de-rived from yom eat)

tokx: [tok'] PF n. bodytompa: ["tom.pa] PF n. raintompakel: ["tom.pa.kel] PF n. drought (derived

from tompa rain)tompameyp: [tom.pa."mEjp^] PF n. drizzle (de-

rived from tompa rain and meyp weak)tomperwì: ["tom.pER.wI] PF n. sleet (derived

from tompa rain and herwì snow)tompìva: ["tom.pI.va] PF n. raindrop (derived

from tompa rain and ìlva drop)toruk makto: ["to.Ruk^ "mak.to] JC n. toruk ri-

der (c.w. from toruk leonopteryx and maktoride)

trr: [tr"] PF n. day

trr’awve: [tr"."Paw.vE] PF n. Sunday (c.w. from

trr day and ’awve first)trr’ong: [tr

"."PoN] PF n. dawn, sunrise (c.w. from

trr day and ’ong unfold)trr’ongmaw: [tr

"."PoN.maw] PF n. dawn after

sunrise (c.w. from trr’ong dawn and maw af-ter)

trrkive: [tr"."ki.vE] PF n. Saturday (c.w. from trr

day and kive seventh)trrmrrve: [tr

"."mr

".vE] PF n. Thursday (c.w. from

trr day and mrrve fifth)trrmuve: [tr

"."mu.vE] PF n. Monday (c.w. from

trr day and muve second)trrpuve: [tr

"."pu.vE] PF n. Friday (c.w. from trr

day and puve sixth)trrpxeyve: [tr

"."p'Ej.vE] PF n. Tuesday (c.w. from

trr day and pxeyve third)trrtsìve: [tr

".">tsI.vE] PF n. Wednesday (c.w. from

trr day and tsìve fourth)trrtxon: [tr

".t'on] PF n. the day and night cycle of

Pandora (c.w. from trr day and txon night)tsaheylu: [>tsa."hEj.lu] JC,PF n. bond (neural con-

nection)tsam: [>tsam] PF n. wartsamopin: [">tsa.mo.pin] PF n. warpaint (c.w.

from tsam war and ’opin color)tsampongu: [">tsam.po.Nu] PF n. war party (c.w.

from tsam war and pongu party)tsamsä’o: [">tsam.sæ.Po] PF n. weapon of war

(c.w. from tsam war and sä’o tool)tsamsiyu: [">tsam.si.ju] PF n. warrior (derived

from tsam si make war and –yu agent suffix)tsang: [>tsaN] PF n. a piercingtsankum: [">tsan.kum] PF n. advantage, benefit,

upside, gain (c.w. from tsan’ul improve, getbetter and kum result)

tsap’alute: [>tsap."Pa.lu.tE] PF n. apologytsatseng: [>tsa.">tsEN] or ["

>tsa.

>tsEN] PF dem., n.

there, that place (c.w. from tsa that and tsengplace)

Tsawke: [">tsaw.kE] PF n. sun; Alpha Centauri ATsawkenay: [>tsaw.kE."naj] PF n. Alpha Centau-

ri B (derived from Tsawke sun)tsawlhì’: [>tsawl."hIP] PF n. size (c.w. from tsawl

big (in size) and hì’i small (in size))tsawlultxa: [>tsawl.ul."t'a] PF n. large gathering,

conference (c.w. from tsawl big and ultxa me-eting)

31

tse’atswo: [>tsE."Pa.>tswo] PF n. (sense of) sight,vision (derived from tse’a see)

tseltsul: [">tsEl.>tsul] PF n. whitewater rapids(countable, but only rarely)

tseng(e): [">tsEN(E)] PF n. placetseo: [">tsE.o] PF n. arttseotu: [">tsE.o.tu] PF n. artist (generic term) (de-

rived from tseo art)tsim: [>tsim] PF n. sourcetsin: [>tsin] PF n. nail, clawtsìlpey: [>tsIl."pEj] PF n. hope (abstract concept)

(derived from sìlpey hope)tsìltsan: [>tsIl.">tsan] PF n. good (abstract concept),

goodness (derived from sìltsan good)tskalep: [">tska.lEp^] PF n. crossbowtsko: [>tsko] PF n. bow (weapon)tsko swizaw: [">tsko swi."zaw] PF n. bow and ar-

row (c.w. from tsko bow and swizaw arrow)tskxaytsyìp: [">tsk'aj.>tsjIp^] PF n. hail (derived

from tskxepay ice)tskxe: [>tsk'E] PF n. rock, stonetskxekeng: [">tsk'E.kEN] PF n. training, exercisetskxepay: [">tsk'E.paj] PF n. ice (derived from

tskxe stone and pay water)tskxevi: [">tsk'E.vi] PF n. pebble, small stone po-

lished smooth by natural forces (derived fromtskxe rock, stone)

tsmi: [>tsmi] PF n. nectartsmisnrr: [">tsmi.snr

"] PF n. bladder lantern, nec-

tar lantern (c.w. from tsmi nectar and nrrglow)

tsmìm: [>tsmIm] PF n. track, trace (of animal orperson)

tsmuk: [>tsmuk^] PF n. siblingtsmukan: [">tsmu.kan] PF n. brother (derived

from tsmuk sibling)tsmuke: [">tsmu.kE] PF n. sister (derived from

tsmuk sibling)tsmuktu: [">tsmuk.tu] PF n. sibling (derived

from tsmuk sibling)tsngal: [>tsNal] PF n. cuptsngan: [>tsNan] PF n. meattsngawpay: [">tsNaw.paj] PF n. tears (c.w. from

tsngawvìk cry and pay water)tsngawpayvi: [">tsNaw.paj.vi] PF n. teardrop

(c.w. from tsngawvìk cry and pay+vi water,with partitive marker)

tsngem: [>tsNEm] PF n. muscle

tson: [>tson] PF n. obligation, duty, imposed requi-rement

tsong: [>tsoN] PF n. valleytsongropx: [">tsoN.Rop'] PF n. hole, cavity, exca-

vation with a bottom (visible or presumed) (c.w.from tsong valley and ropx hole)

tsongtsyìp: [">tsoN.>tsjIp] PF n. dimple (derivedfrom tsong valley)

tsopì: [">tso.pI] PF n. lungtsray: [>tsRaj] PF n. villagetsrul: [>tsRul] PF n. nest; protected area serving as

the home of Pandoran faunatstal: [>tstal] PF n. knifetstalsena: [">tstal.sE.na] PF n. knife sheath (c.w.

from tstal knife and sähena carrier)tstxo: [>tst'o] PF n. nametstxolì’u: [">tst'o.lI.Pu] PF n. noun (c.w. from

tstxo name and lì’u word)tstxolì’ukìngvi: [>tst'o."lIP.u.k��N.vi] PF n. noun

phrase (phrase whose pivotal or central word isa noun) (c.w. from tstxolì’u noun and kìngthread)

tsu’o: [">tsu.Po] PF n. abilitytsuksìm: [">tsuk.sIm] PF n. chintsulfä: [>tsul."fæ] PF n. masterytsulfätu: [>tsul."fæ.tu] PF n. master of an art,

craft, or skill, expert (derived from tsulfämastery)

tsulfätunay: [>tsul.fæ.tu."naj] PF n. near-master(derived from tsulfätu master)

tswal: [>tswal] PF n. powertswesya: [">tswE.sja] PF n. currenttswin: [>tswin] PF n. queue, braidtswintsyìp: [">tswin.

>tsjIp^] PF n. little queue (de-

rived from tswin queue)tsyal: [>tsjal] PF n. wingtsyey: [>tsjEj] PF n. snack, light mealtsyeym: [>tsjEjm] PF n. treasure; something rare

and of great valuetsyeytsyìp: [">tsjEj.>tsjIp^] PF n. tiny bite (deri-

ved from tsyey snack, light meal)tsyo: [>tsjo] PF n. flourtsyokx: [>tsjok'] PF n. handtsyosyu: [">tsjo.sju] PF n. food made from flour

(c.w. from tsyo flour and syuve food)tukru: [tuk."Ru] PF n. speartumpin: ["tum.pin] PF n. red, orange (c.w. from

tun red, orange and ’opin color)

32

tuté: [tu."tE] PF n. female (person) (derived fromtute person)

tutan: [tu."tan] PF n. male (person) (derivedfrom tute person)

tute: ["tu.tE] PF n. persontutsena: ["tut.sE.na] PF n. stretcher (c.w. from

tute person and sähena carrier)txal: [t'al] PF n. back (of the body)txampay: [t'am."paj] PF n. sea, ocean (c.w. from

txan much and pay water)txampxì: [t'am."p'I] PF n. majority, most, large

part (derived from txan much)txanfwerwì: [t'an."fwER.wI] PF n. blizzard (de-

rived from txan much and hufwe+herwìwind+snow)

txanlokxe: [t'an.lo."k'E] PF n. clan or tribal do-main, country (c.w. from txan; olo’ great; tri-be, clan and atxkxe land)

txansngum: [t'an."sNum] PF n. desperation; fee-ling of great worry (c.w. from txan much andsngum worry)

txanso’hayu: [t'an."soP.ha.ju] PF n. fan, ent-husiast (c.w. from txan much and so’ha beenthusiastic about)

txantompa: [t'an."tom.pa] PF n. rainstorm, he-avy rain (c.w. from txan much and tomparain)

txantstew: ["t'an.>tstEw] PF n. hero (c.w. fromtxan much and tstew brave)

txantxew: [t'an."t'Ew] PF n. maximum (c.w.from txan much and txew limit, border, end)

txanwetseng: [t'an."wE.>tsEN] PF n. personally

significant or beloved place, heimat (ger.) (deri-ved from txanwawe(a) personally meaning-ful, significant and tseng place)

txatx: [t'at'] PF n. bubbletxayo: ["t'a.jo] PF n. field, open terrain, plaintxärem: ["t'æ.REm] PF n. bonetxe’lan: [t'EP."lan] PF n. hearttxe’lankong: [t'EP."lan.koN] PF n. heartbeat

(c.w. from txe’lan heart and ’ekong beat)txekxumpay: [t'E."k'um.paJ] PF n. magma, la-

va (derived from txep fire and kxumpayviscous liquid)

txele: ["t'E.lE] PF n. matter (subject)txep: [t'Ep^] PF n. firetxepìva: ["t'E.pI.va] PF n. ash, cinder (derived

from txep fire and ìlva flake)

txepram: [t'Ep."Ram] PF n. volcano (c.w. fromtxep fire and ram mountain)

txeptseng: ["t'Ep.>tsEN] PF n. place where a fireis burning or has burned (c.w. from txep fireand tseng place)

txeptsyìp: ["t'Ep.>tsjIp^] PF n. dear or cute littlefire (derived from txep fire)

txepvi: ["t'Ep.vi] PF n. spark (derived from txepfire)

txew: [t'Ew] PF n. edge, brink, limit, border, endtxewk: [t'Ewk^] PF n. club (weapon)txi: [t'i] PF n. hurry, hurriedness, frenzytxintìn: ["t'in.tIn] PF n. occupation, primary role

in society (c.w. from txin main and tìn activi-ty that keeps one busy)

txintseng: ["t'in.>tseN] PF n. base of operations(c.w. from txin main, primary and tseng pla-ce)

txìm: [t'Im] PF n. butt, rear end, asstxoa: ["t'o.a] PF n. forgivenesstxon: [t'on] PF n. nighttxon’ong: [t'on."PoN] PF,Prr n. night-fall, sun-

set, dusk, gloaming (c.w. from txon night and’ong unfold)

txon’ongmaw: [t'on."PoN.maw] PF n. twilight,the time before dark, after sunset (c.w. from tx-on’ong sunset and maw after)

txopu: ["t'o.pu] PF n. feartxum: [t'um] PF n. poisontxurtel: ["t'uR.tel] PF n. rope (c.w. from txur

strong and telem cord)txurtu: ["t'uR.tu] PF n. strongman/woman,

brawny person (derived from txur strong(physically))

uk: [uk^] PF n. shadow (derived from toruk lastshadow)

ultxa: [ul."t'a] PF n. meetingultxatu: [ul."t'a.tu] PF n. meeting participant

(derived from ultxa meeting)unil: ["u.nil] JC n. dreamuniltìrantokx: [u.nil.tI."Ran.tok'] JC,PF n. ava-

tar, dreamwalker body (c.w. from uniltìranyudreamwalker and tokx body)

uniltìrantokxolo’: [u.nil.tI."Ran.tok'.o.loP] PF

n. clan, or group of avatars (c.w. from unil-tìrantokx avatar, dreamwalker body and olo’clan)

uniltìranyu: [u.nil.tI."Ran.ju] PF n. dreamwalker(c.w. from unil dream and tìranyu walker)

33

uolì’uvi: ["u.o.lI.Pu.vi] PF n. suffix (derivedfrom uo– behind and li’u word)

uran: ["u.Ran] PF n. boatutral: ["ut.Ral] PF n. treeutraltsyìp: ["ut.Ral.>tsjIp^] PF n. bush (derived

from utral tree)utu: ["u.tu] PF n. forest canopyutumauti: ["u.tu.ma.u.ti] PF n. banana fruit

(c.w. from utu canopy and mauti fruit) (lit.canopy fruit)

uvan: [u."van] PF n. gameuvan letokx: [u."van lE."tok'] PF n. physical or

athletic game, sport (c.w. from uvan gameand letokx physical)

vawmpin: ["vawm.pin] PF n. dark color (deri-ved from vawm dark)

väpam: ["væ.pam] PF n. noise. ugly or unplea-sant sound, screech (derived from vä unplea-sant to the senses and pam sound)

ve’o: ["vE.Po] PF n. order (as opposed to disorderor chaos), organization

vefya: ["vE.fja] PF n. system, process, procedure,approach (c.w. from ve’o order, organizationand fya’o way, manner)

venu: ["vE.nu] PF n. footvenzek: ["vEn.zEk^] PF n. toe (c.w. from venu

foot and zekwä finger)vey: [vEj] PF n. food made from animal origin,

fleshvitra: [vit."Ra] PF n. soulvonvä’: [von."væP] PF n. butthole, asshole, dick-

head (vulgar) (c.w. from vitra soul and onvä’bad-smelling) (lit. stinksoul)

vospxey: [vo."sp'Ej] PF n. March (c.w. fromvospxì month and pxey three)

vospxì: [vo."sp'I] PF n. month (derived fromvosìpxì twelfth and zìsìtä of a year)

vospxì’aw: [vo.sp'I."Paw] PF n. January (c.w.from vospxì month and ’aw one)

vospxìam: [vo.sp'I."am] PF n. last month (deri-ved from vospxì month)

vospxìay: [vo.sp'I."aj] PF n. next month (deri-ved from vospxì month)

vospxìkin: [vo.sp'I."kin] PF n. July (c.w. fromvospxì month and kinä seven)

vospxìmrr: [vo.sp'I."mr"] PF n. May (c.w. from

vospxì month and mrr five)vospxìmun: [vo.sp'I."mun] PF n. February (c.w.

from vospxì month and mune two)

vospxìpuk: [vo.sp'I."puk^] PF n. June (c.w. fromvospxì month and pukap six)

vospxìtsìng: [vo.sp'I.">tsIN] PF n. April (c.w.from vospxì month and tsìng four)

vospxìvol: [vo.sp'I."vol] PF n. August (c.w.from vospxì month and vol eight)

vospxìvolaw: [vo.sp'I.vo."law] PF n. September(c.w. from vospxì month and volaw nine)

vospxìvomun: [vo.sp'I.vo."mun] PF n. October(c.w. from vospxì month and vomun ten)

vospxìvopey: [vo.sp'I.vo."pEj] PF n. November(c.w. from vospxì month and vopey eleven)

vospxìvosìng: [vo.sp'I.vo."sIN] PF n. December(c.w. from vospxì month and vosìng twelve)

vrrtep: ["vr".tEp^] PF n. demon

vul: [vul] PF n. branch (of a tree)vultsyìp: ["vul.>tsjIp^] PF n. stick (derived from

vul branch (of a tree))vur: [vuR] PF n. storyvurvi: ["vuR.vi] PF n. summary, synopsis (deri-

ved from vur story)vurway: ["vuR.waj] PF n. story poem, narrative

poem (c.w. from vur story and way song)wawe: [wa."wE] PF n. meaning, importance, sig-

nificanceway: [waj] PF n. song (ancient, ceremonial)waytelem: ["waj.tE.lEm] PF n. song cord (c.w.

from way song and telem cord)wätu: ["wæ.tu] PF n. opponent (derived from

wä- against)wempongu: ["wEm.po.Nu] PF n. squad, milita-

ry clan, battle party (c.w. from wem fight andpongu group)

weopx: [wE."op'] PF n. wave (of water)wokau: [wok."a.u] JC,PF n. pendulum drum

(c.w. from wok loud and au drum)wotx: [wot'] PF n. totality, wholewrrpa: ["wr

".pa] PF n., adv. outside

wutso: ["wu.>tso] PF n. dinner, served meal

ya: [ja] PF n. airyafkeyk: ["ja.fkEjk^] PF n. weather (derived

from fkeytok exist)yak: [jak^] PF n. fork, branch, point of divergenceyaney: [ja."nEj] PF n. canoeyapay: ["ja.paj] PF n. mist, fog, steam (c.w. from

ya air and pay water)yawnetu: ["jaw.nE.tu] PF n. loved one (derived

from yawne beloved)

34

yawntu: ["jawn.tu] PF n. loved one (derivedfrom yawne beloved)

yawntutsyìp: ["jawn.tu.>tsjIp] PF n. darling, litt-

le loved one (derived from yawntu loved one)yawnyewla: [jawn."jEw.la] PF n. broken heart,

broken heartedness (c.w. from yawne belovedand yewla disappointment)

yayayr: [ja."jajR] PF n. confusionyayayrtsim: [ja."jajR.>tsim] PF n. something con-

fusing, source of confusion (c.w. from yayayrconfusion and tsim source)

yayo: ["ja.jo] PF n. bird (c.w. from ya air andioang animal)

yayotsrul: ["ja.jo.>tsRul] PF n. bird’s nest (c.w.from yayo bird and tsrul nest)

yemfpay: [jEm."fpaj] PF n. dipping, immersion(into liquid) (c.w. from yem put and pay wa-ter)

yengwal: [jEN."wal] PF n. sorrowyewla: ["jEw.la] PF n. disappointment, emotional

let-down, failed expectationyeyfya: ["jEj.fja] PF n. straight line (derived

from yey straight and fya’o path)yì: [jI] PF n. shelf, ledge, level, step, rung (Can al-

so be used metaphorically to refer to the le-vel of anything scalable - anything that canhave levels or degrees, highs and lows, wa-ter level, temperature, talent, anger, etc.)

ylltxep: ["jl".t'Ep^] PF n. communal fire or fire pit

(c.w. from yll communal and txep fire)yo: [jo] PF n. surfaceyo’ko: ["joP.ko] PF n. circle (derived from yo’

perfect and ko’on ring)yo’kofya: ["joP.ko.fja] PF n. cycle (c.w. from

yo’ko circle and fya’o path, way)yomyo: ["jom.jo] PF n. plate, (for food) (c.w.

from yom eat and yo table, elevated utilita-rian surface (colloquial form of fyanyo))

yomyo lerìk: ["jom.yo lE."rIk^] PF n. leaf plate(c.w. from yomyo plate (for food) and lerìkleafy)

yora’tu: [jo."RaP.tu] PF n. winner (derived fromyora’ win)

yrrap: ["jr".ap^] PF n. storm (derived from ya air

and hrrap danger)zapxì: [za."p'I] PF n. front (part or section) (deri-

ved from hapxì part)zare’: [za."REP] PF n. forehead, brow (c.w. from

zapxì front and re’o head)zawr: [zawr] PF n. animal callzekwä: ["zEk.wæ] PF n. fingerzeswa: ["zE.swa] PF n. grasszeswavi: ["zE.swa.vi] PF n. blade of grass (deri-

ved from zeswa grass)zeykoyu: [zEj."ko.ju] PF n. healer (derived from

zeyko heal)zir: [ziR] PF n. touch, feel, texturezìma’uyu: [zI."ma.Pu.ju] PF n. newcomer, some-

one who has just arrived on the scenezìmtswo: ["zIm.

>tswo] PF n. (sense of) touch (de-

rived from zìm touch)zìsìkrr: ["zI.sI.kr

"] PF n. season (derived from

zìsìt year and krr time)zìsìt: ["zI.sIt^] PF n. yearzìsìtay: ["zI.sIt.aj] PF n. next year (derived from

zìsìt year)zìsìtsaltrr: [zI.sIt."sal.tr

"] PF n. (yearly) anniver-

sary (c.w. from zìsìt year, salew go and trrday)

zìskrrmipaw: [zI.skr"."mi.paw] PF n. spring

(c.w. from zìsìkrr season and mipa tìpawnew growth)

zìskrrsom: [zI.skr"."som] PF n. summer (c.w.

from zìsìkrr season and som hot)zìskrrtsawn: [zI.skr

".">tsawn] PF n. autumn, fall

(c.w. from zìsìkrr season and tsawn harvest)zìskrrwew: [zI.skr

"."wEw] PF n. winter (c.w.

from zìsìkrr season and wew cold)zìtsaltrr: [zI.">tsal.tr

"] PF n. colloquial form of

zìsìtsaltrr (yearly anniversary)zongtseng: ["zoN.>tsEN] PF n. safe place, refuge

(c.w. from zong save and tseng place)zoplo: [zop."lo] PF n. offence, insultzum: [zum] PF n. object, thing (physical or tan-

gible)zusawkrr: [zu."saw.kr

"] PF n. future (c.w. from

z«us»a’u coming and krr time)

35

num.

’aw: [Paw] PF num. onekew: [kEw] PF num. zerokinä: ["ki.næ] PF num. sevenmrr: [mr

"] PF num. five

mune: ["mu.nE] PF num. two

pukap: ["pu.kap^] PF num. sixpxey: [p'Ej] PF num. threetsìng: [>tsIN] PF num. fourvol: [vol] PF num. eightzam: [zam] PF num. sixty four

part.

a: [a] PF,LN part. clause - level attributive markerkefyak: [kE."fjak^] PF,Prr part. isn’t it?, right?

(c.w. from ke fya not the way and srak ques-tion marker)

kehe: ["kE.hE] PF part., intj. noko: [ko] PF part. solicit agreementma: [ma] PF part. O (vocative marker)pak: [pak^] PF part. disparagementrä’ä: [Ræ."Pæ] PF part. do not (for negative impe-

ratives, commands only)

srak(e): ["sRak(E)] PF part. inter. marker for yesor no questions

sran: [sRan] PF part., intj. yes (colloquial)srane: ["sRa.nE] PF part., intj. yessrankehe: [sRan."kE.hE] PF part., intj. more or

less, somewhat, yes and no, kind of (c.w. fromsrane yes and kehe no)

te: [tE] JC part. used in full namestse: [>tsE] PF part. well (conversation starter)tut: [tut^] PF part. continuation marker

ph.

way a plltxe: [waj a pl".t'E] PF ph. spoken poem

(as a melodic recital) (derived from way sing(ceremonial register))

way a rol: [waj a Rol] PF ph. sung poem (deri-

ved from way sing (ceremonial register))wayä aylì’u: [waj.æ ajlI.Pu] PF ph. words of a

poem or lyrics of a song (derived from waysing (ceremonial register))

pn.

’awpo: ["Paw.po] PF pn. one individual’uo: ["Pu.o] PF pn. somethingawnga: [aw."Na] PF pn. we (derived from ayo-

eng we)ayfo: [aj."fo] or ["aj.fo] PF pn. they (derived

from po he, she)aylaru: [aj."la.Ru] PF pn. to the others (contrac-

tion of ay+lahe–ru)aynga: [aj."Na] PF pn. you all, you (pl.) (derived

from nga you)ayoe: [aj."o.E] PF pn. we, us (exclusive) (derived

from oe I)ayoeng: [aj."wEN] PF pn. we, us (inclusive) (de-

rived from oe I) (ayoenga– base for suffix-es)

fì’u: [fI."Pu] PF pn. this (thing) (derived from ’uthing)

fìkem: [fI."kEm] PF pn. this (action) (derivedfrom kem action, deed)

fìpo: ["fI.po] PF pn. this one person or thing (de-

rived from po he, she)fko: [fko] PF pn. one, they (singular usage) (un-

specified agent)fo: [fo] PF pn. they (derived from ay+ deleted

plural leniting morpheme and po he/she)fra’u: ["fRa.Pu] PF pn. everything (derived from

’u thing)frapo: ["fRa.po] PF pn. everyone (derived from

po he/she)fula: ["fu.la] PF pn., sbd. that (c.w. from fì’ul

this (agentive) and a subordinator)furia: ["fu.Ri.a] PF pn., sbd. that (c.w. from

fì’uri this (topical) and a subordinator)futa: ["fu.ta] PF pn., sbd. that (c.w. from fì’u-t

this (patientive) and a subordinator)fwa: [fwa] PF pn., sbd. that (subordinate clause

marker) (c.w. from fì’u this (subjective) and asubordinator)

kawtu: ["kaw.tu] PF pn. no-one (c.w. from ke’aw not one and tute person)

36

ke’u: ["kE.Pu] PF pn. nothing (c.w. from ke notand ’u thing)

kekem: ["kE.kEm] PF pn., adv. no action or acti-vity (c.w. from ke not and kem activity)

lapo: ["la.po] PF pn. other one person or thing(c.w. from lahe other, else and po he, she)

mefo: ["mE.fo] PF pn. they, those two (derivedfrom me+ dual marker and po he/she)

moe: ["mo.E] PF pn. we two, us two (exclusive)(derived from me+ dual and oe I)

nga: [Na] PF pn. youngatsyìp: ["Na.>tsjIp^] PF pn. little you, you little

(derived from nga you)ngenga: [NE."Na] PF pn. you (honorific form) (de-

rived from nga you)oe: ["o.E] PF pn. I, meoeng: ["wEN] PF pn. we two, us two (dual inclu-

sive), you and I (derived from oe I)oetsyìp: ["wE.

>tsjIp^] PF pn. little me, little I (de-

rived from oe I)ohe: ["o.hE] PF pn. I (deferential or ceremonial

form)po: [po] PF pn. he, she

poan: [po."an] PF pn. he (no plural form: use(ay)fo) (derived from po he, she)

poe: [po."E] PF pn. she (no plural form: use(ay)fo) (derived from po he, she)

sat: [sat^] PF pn. that (lenited form of tsat)sneyä: ["snE.jæ] PF pn. his own, her own, its own

(derived from sno his self, her self, its self )tsal: [>tsal] PF pn. that, it (transitive subject)tsapo: [">tsa.po] PF pn. that one (for people only)

(c.w. from tsa– that and po he/she)tsaria: [">tsa.Ri.a] PF pn., sbd. that (c.w. from

tsa’u-ri that (topical) and a subordinator)tsat: [>tsat^] PF pn. that, it (as object)tsata: [">tsa.ta] PF pn., sbd. that (c.w. from

tsa’u-t that (patientive) and a subordinator)tsaw: [>tsaw] PF dem., pn. that, it (as intransitive

subject)tsawa: [">tsa.wa] PF pn., sbd. that (c.w. from

tsa’u that (subjective) and a subordinator)tsengo: [">tsE.No] PF pn. somewhere (derived

from tseng place)tuteo: ["tu.tE.o] PF pn. somebody, someone (de-

rived from tute person)

sbd.

fula: ["fu.la] PF pn., sbd. that (c.w. from fì’ulthis (agentive) and a subordinator)

furia: ["fu.Ri.a] PF pn., sbd. that (c.w. fromfì’uri this (topical) and a subordinator)

futa: ["fu.ta] PF pn., sbd. that (c.w. from fì’u-tthis (patientive) and a subordinator)

fwa: [fwa] PF pn., sbd. that (subordinate clausemarker) (c.w. from fì’u this (subjective) and asubordinator)

tsaria: [">tsa.Ri.a] PF pn., sbd. that (c.w. fromtsa’u-ri that (topical) and a subordinator)

tsata: [">tsa.ta] PF pn., sbd. that (c.w. fromtsa’u-t that (patientive) and a subordinator)

tsawa: [">tsa.wa] PF pn., sbd. that (c.w. fromtsa’u that (subjective) and a subordinator)

tsnì: [>tsnI] PF sbd. that (function word) (withsubjunctive verb in dependant clause)

svin.

’ìn: [P·In] PF svin. be busy, be occupiedkllfro’: [kl

"."fR·oP] PF svin. be responsible

lìm: [l·Im] PF svin. be farlu: [l·u] PF vin., svin. be, am, is, are (predica-

tive copula, existential verb) (signifies pos-session with dative of possessor)

maweypey: [ma."wEj.p·Ej] PF svin. be patient(ii) (c.w. from mawey calm and pey wait)

newomum: [n·Ew."o.mum] PF svin. be curi-ous, want to know (c.w. from new want andomum know)

sim: [s·im] PF svin. be near

sulìn: ["s·u.l·In] PF svin. be busy (positive sense),be engrossed in something one finds especiallypleasant and energizing (derived from ’ìn bebusy)

vrrìn: ["v·r".·In] PF svin. be busy (negative sen-

se): be tired out and overwhelmed by an activi-ty that’s keeping one busy (derived from ’ìnbe busy)

yo’: [j·oP^] PF svin. be perfect, flawless

zo: [z·o] PF svin. be well, be intact, be as it shouldbe, work correctly or as nature intended

37

v.

’eyng: [P·EjN] PF v. answer, respond’ong: [P·oN] PF v. unfold, blossomfkarut: ["fk·a.R·ut^] PF v. peelfkxake: ["fk'·a.k·E] PF v. itchkämakto: [kæ."m·ak.t·o] PF v. ride out (c.w.

from kä go and makto ride)latsi: [l·a.">ts·i] LA v. keep up with someonemun’i: [m·un."P·i] PF v. cutpate: ["p·a.t·E] ZS v. get to a place, arrivepawm: [p·awm] PF v. askplltxe: [p·l

"."t'·E] PF v. speak

rol: [R·ol] PF v. singsalew: [s·a."l·Ew] PF v. proceed, gospä: [sp·æ] PF v. jumpsweylu: ["swEj.l·u] PF v. should (derived from

swey best and lu is)tireapängkxo: [ti."RE.a.p·æN.�k'·o] PF v. commu-

ne (c.w. from tirea spirit and pängkxo chat)tsä’: [>ts·æP] PF v. squirttuvon: ["t·u.v·on] PF v. leantxey: [t'·Ej] PF v. haltvirä: [v·i."R·æ] PF v. spread, proliferate

vim.

ftang: [ft·aN] PF vim. stopkom: [k·om] PF vim. daresngä’i: ["sN·æ.P·i] PF vim. begin, starttsun: [>ts·un] PF vim. can, be ablevar: [v·aR] PF vim. to persist in a state, to conti-

nue to perform an action

zene: ["z·E.n·E] PF vim. must

zenke: ["z·EN.kE] PF vim. must not (ii) (c.w.from zene must and ke not)

vin.

’asap si: ["Pa.sap s·i] PF vin. be shocked, be start-led (derived from ’asap sudden shock)

’en si: ["PEn "s·i] PF vin. make an informed guess(derived from ’en guess)

’i’a: ["P·iP.·a] PF vin. end, conclude’ia: ["P·i.·a] PF vin. lose oneself (spiritual sense)’ì’awn: [P·I."P·awn] PF vin. remain, stay’ìp: [P·Ip] PF vin. disappear, vanish, recede from

view’ongokx: ["P·o.N·ok'] PF vin. be born (c.w. from

’ong unfold and nokx give birth to)’on si: ["Pon s·i] PF vin. shape, give shape (to so-

mething) (derived from ’on shape)’rrko: ["P·r

".k·o] PF vin. roll

’ul: [P·ul] PF vin. increaseafpawng si: [a."fpawN s·i] PF vin. grieve (deri-

ved from afpawng grief )aho: [a."ho] PF vin. prayätxäle si: [æ."t'æ.lE "s·i] PF vin. request (with

tsnì clause for object) (derived from ätxälerequest)

ekxan si: [E."k'an s·i] PF vin. exclude, keep out,bar (derived from ekxan barricade, obstruc-tion)

eltur tìtxen si: ["El.tuR tI."t'En s·i] PF vin. beinteresting, intriguing (derived from eltu-r

brain (dative) and tìtxen awakeness)eltu si: ["El.tu s·i] PF vin. pay attention, quit goo-

fing off (derived from eltu brain)emrey: [Em."R·Ej] PF vin. survivefäkä: [fæ."k·æ] PF vin. go up, ascend (c.w. from

fäpa top and kä go)fäza’u: [fæ."z·a.P·u] PF vin. come up, ascend

(c.w. from fäpa top and za’u come)fe’pey: [feP."p·Ej] PF vin. feel dread, expect so-

mething bad to happen, fear (with tsnì for thingdreaded) (ii) (derived from fe’ bad and peywait)

fe’ul: ["fE.P·ul] PF vin. worsen, get worse (c.w.from fe’ bad and ’ul increase)

fkan: [fk·an] PF vin. resemble in a sensory moda-lity, come to the senses as

fkeytok: ["fkEj.t·ok^] PF vin. exist (derivedfrom kifkeyti tok be in the world)

flä: [fl·æ] PF vin. succeedfngä’: [fN·æP] PF vin. relieve oneself; (on Earth)

use the restroom, go to the bathroomfnu: [fn·u] PF vin. quiet, be quietfpak: [fp·ak^] PF vin. hold off, suspend actionfpxäkìm: ["fp'·æ.k·Im] PF vin. enterfta si: [fta s·i] PF vin. knot, make or tie a knot

(derived from fta knot)

38

ftxozä si: [ft'o."zæ s·i] PF vin. celebrate (derivedfrom ftxozä celebration)

ftxulì’u: [ft'·u."lI.Pu] PF vin. orate, give speech(c.w. from täftxu weave and lì’u word)

fwefwi: ["fw·E.fw·i] PF vin. whistlefwi: [fw·i] PF vin. slip, slidefwìng si: [fwIN s·i] PF vin. humiliate (derived

from fwìng humiliation)fyawìntxu: [fja.w·In."t'·u] PF vin. guide (with

dative of thing guided) (c.w. from fya’o pathand wìntxu show)

ha’: [h·aP] PF vin. fit, suit, complement, inherent-ly enhance

hahaw: ["h·a.h·aw] PF vin. sleephangham: ["h·aN.h·am] PF vin. laughhasey si: [ha."sEj "s·i] PF vin. accomplish, bring

to a conclusion (derived from hasey done, fi-nished)

hek: [h·Ek^] PF vin. be curious, odd, strange, un-expected

heyn: [h·Ejn] PF vin. sithifwo: ["h·i.fw·o] PF vin. flee, escapehiup: ["hi·up^] PF vin., vtr. spit, spit outhìpey: ["hI.p·Ej] PF vin. hesitate, hold back for a

short time (derived from hì’i small and peywait)

hum: [h·um] PF vin. leave, departil: [i·l] PF vin. bendioi si: [i."o.i s·i] PF vin. adorn (derived from ioi

adornment)irayo si: [i."Ra.jo "s·i] PF vin. thank, give thanks

(derived from irayo thanks)kaltxì si: [kal."t'I "s·i] PF vin. say hello, greet (de-

rived from kaltxì hello)kanfpìl: ["k·an.fp·Il] PF vin. concentrate, focus

one’s attention (c.w. from kan aim and fpìlthink)

kangay si: [ka."Naj s·i] PF vin. validate, confirm(derived from kangay valid)

kavuk si: [ka."vuk^ "s·i] PF vin. betray (derivedfrom kavuk treachery)

kä: [k·æ] PF vin. gokäteng: ["k·æ.tEN] PF vin. spend time with, hang

out withkelku si: ["kEl.ku "s·i] PF vin. live, dwell (deri-

ved from kelku home)kem si: ["kEm "s·i] PF vin. do (derived from

kem action, deed)

kenong: ["k·E.n·oN] or ["kE.n·oN] PF vin. model,represent, exemplify (ii) (c.w. from ke not andnong follow)

kìte’e si: [kI.tE."PE "s·i] PF vin. serve (derivedfrom kìte’e service)

kllkä: [kl"."k·æ] PF vin. go down, descend (c.w.

from kllpa bottom and kä go)kllkxem: [kl

"."k'·Em] PF vin. stand

kllpä: [kl"."p·æ] PF vin. land, reach the ground

(c.w. from kllte ground and pähem arrive)klltxay: [kl

"."t'·aj] PF vin. lie on the ground (c.w.

from kllte ground and txay lie flat)kllwo: [kl

"."w·o] PF vin. alight, land (process of)

(c.w. from kllte ground and wo reach for)kllza’u: [kl

"."z·a.P·u] PF vin. come down, descend

(c.w. from kllte ground and za’u come)krrnekx: [kr

"."n·Ek'] PF vin. take/consume time

(ii) (c.w. from krr time and nekx consume)kur: [k·uR] PF vin. hangkxakx: [k'·ak'] PF vin. break, snap in twokxange: ["k'·a.N·e] PF vin. yawnkxap si: [k'ap s·i] PF vin. threaten (derived

from kxap threat)kxem: [k'·Em] PF vin. be verticalkxll si: ["k'l

""s·i] PF vin. charge (derived from

kxll charge)kxu si: [k'u s·i] PF vin. harm (derived from kxu

harm)lam: [l·am] PF vin. seem, appearlaro si: ["la.ro s·i] PF vin. clean, make free of dirt

(derived from laro clean)latem: ["l·a.t·Em] PF vin. change (l«eyk»atem

vtr. change)law si: ["law "s·i] PF vin. make clear (derived

from law clear)leioae si: [lE.i.o."a.E s·i] PF vin. to respect (deri-

ved from leioae respect)len: [l·En] PF vin. happen, occurlesar si: [lE."saR s·i] PF vin. be useful, be of use,

come in handy (derived from lesar useful)lew si: ["lEw "s·i] PF vin. cover (derived from

lew cover)ley: [l·Ej] PF vin. be of value, have some positive

value, be worth somethingleym: [l·Ejm] PF vin. call, cry out, exclaimleymfe’: [l·Ejm."fEP] PF vin. complain (c.w. from

leym call, cry out, exclaim and fe’ bad)leymkem: [l·Ejm."kEm] PF vin. protest (c.w.

from leym call, cry out, exclaim and kemwiä

39

improper, unfair, wrong, unjustified)leyr si: ["lEjr s·i] PF vin. freeze (something) (de-

rived from leyr frozen)lie si: ["li.E s·i] PF vin. experience (derived from

lie experience)liswa si: [li."swa s·i] PF vin. nourish, provide

nourishment (derived from liswa nourish-ment)

lìng: [l·IN] PF vin. float in the air, hoverloho: ["l·o.h·o] PF vin. be surprising (experiencer

in dative)lopx: [l·op'] PF vin. paniclrrtok si: ["lr

".tok^ "s·i] PF vin. smile (derived

from lrrtok smile)lu: [l·u] PF vin., svin. be, am, is, are (predica-

tive copula, existential verb) (signifies pos-session with dative of possessor)

meuia si: [mE."u.i.a s·i] PF vin. honor (derivedfrom meuia honor)

mìn: [m·In] PF vin. turn, rotate on an axis Mìnne ftärpa Turn to the left

mllte: [m·l"."t·E] PF vin. agree

mowar si: [mo."waR s·i] PF vin. advise (derivedfrom mowar advice)

muntxa si: [mun."t'a "s·i] PF vin. mate (with so-meone), marry (derived from muntxa mated)

nari si: ["na.Ri s·i] PF vin. watch out, be careful(derived from nari eye)

nawang: ["n·a.w·aN] PF vin. merge, become onewith

nän: [n·æn] PF vin. decreasengampam si: ["Nam.pam s·i] PF vin. rhyme (de-

rived from ngampam rhyme)ngä’än: [N·æ."P·æn] PF vin. suffer mentally or

emotionally, be miserablenip: [n·ip^] PF vin. become stuck, get caught in

somethingnrr: [n·r

"] PF vin. glow, be luminous

nui: ["n·u.·i] PF vin. fail, falter, go astray, not ob-tain expected or desired result

nume: ["n·u.m·E] PF vin. learnoìsss si: [o."Isss s·i] PF vin. hiss (derived from

oìsss angry snarl)palon: ["p·a.l·on] PF vin. burnpamrel si: [pam."REl "s·i] PF vin. write (derived

from pamrel writing)pamtseo si: ["pam.

>tsE.o "s·i] PF vin. play music

(with fa for instrument played) (derived frompamtseo music)

paw: [p·aw] PF vin. grow; germinate and develop(of a plant)

pähem: ["p·æ.h·Em] PF vin. arrivepängkxo: [p·æN."k'·o] PF vin. chat, converse,

have a conversationpenghrr: [p·EN."hr

"] PF vin. warn (c.w. from

peng tell and hrrap danger)pey: [p·Ej] PF vin. wait, wait forpiak si: [pi."ak^ s·i] PF vin. open (derived from

piak open)pllhrr: [p·l

"."hr

"] PF vin. warn (c.w. from plltxe

speak and hrrap danger)pllngay: [p·l

"."Naj] PF vin. admit (derived from

plltxe speak and ngay true)pxor: [p'·oR] PF vin. exploderangal: ["R·a.N·al] PF vin. wishrey: [R·Ej] PF vin. liverikx: [R·ik'] PF vin. move, shift positionrì’ìr si: ["RIP.IR s·i] PF vin. reflect, imitate (deri-

ved from rì’ìr reflection)rìkxi: [r·I."k'·i] PF vin. tremble, shake, shiverro’a: ["R·o.P·a] PF vin. be impressive, inspire awe

or respectronguway: [R·o."Nu.waj] PF vin. howl (derived

from rol sing and nguway howl)rou: ["R·o.·u] PF vin. be, or get drunk (example

use: rou fa pxir)sa: [s·a] PF vin. rise to a challengesä’eoio si: [sæ."PE.o.i.o s·i] PF vin. take part in

a ceremony, perform a ritual (derived fromsä’eoio ceremony)

säro’a si: [sæ."Ro.Pa s·i] PF vin. do great deeds(derived from säro’a great deed)

sìlpey: [sIl."p·Ej] PF vin. hope (with tsnì for thinghoped, unless in independent clause) (ii) (c.w.from sìltsan good and pey wait)

skxir si: ["sk'iR "s·i] PF vin. wound (derivedfrom skxir wound)

slantire si: [slan.ti."RE s·i] PF vin. inspire (deri-ved from slantire inspiration)

slele: ["sl·E.l·E] PF vin. swimsmon: [sm·on] PF vin. be familiar, be known

(with dative)snäm: [sn·æm] PF vin. rot, decay, degrade over

timesngum si: [sNum s·i] PF vin. worry (derived

from sngum worry)sop: [s·op^] PF vin. travel

40

späpeng: [spæ."p·EN] PF vin. restore oneself (me-taphorically) (derived from speng restore)

srefey: [sRE."f·Ej] PF vtr., vin. expect (c.w. fromsre+ before and pey wait)

srer: [sR·ER] PF vin. appear, materialize, come intoview

srew: [sR·Ew] PF vin. dancesrung si: ["sRuN "s·i] PF vin. help (derived from

srung help)sti: [st·i] PF vin. anger (intransitive), be angrystiwi si: ["sti.wi s·i] PF vin. be naughty, do mis-

chief (derived from stiwi mischief )sunu: ["s·u.n·u] PF vin. be pleasing or likeable,

bring enjoymentsyaw: [sj·aw] PF vin. callsyeha si: ["sjE.ha s·i] PF vin. breathe (derived

from syeha breath)syor: [sj·oR] PF vin. relax, chill outtaksyokx: [t·ak."sjok'] PF vin. clap hands (deri-

ved from takuk strike and tsyokx hand)tam: [t·am] PF vin., intj. that will suffice, that

will do, OKtawng: [t·awN] PF vin. duck, divetätxaw: [t·æ."t'·aw] PF vin. returntem: [t·Em] PF vin. shootterkup: ["t·ER.k·up^] PF vin. dieteya si: [tE."ja "s·i] PF vin. fill (with dative of

thing filled) (derived from teya full)tì’awm si: [tI."Pawm "s·i] PF vin. camp (derived

from ’awm camp)tìftang si: [tI."ftaN s·i] PF vin. stop (someone or

something) (derived from tìftang stopping)tìhawnu si: [tI."haw.nu "s·i] PF vin. protect (de-

rived from tìhawnu protection)tìkangkem si: [tI."kaN.kEm "s·i] PF vin. work

(derived from tìkangkem work)tìkxey si: [tI."k'Ej "s·i] PF vin. mess up, foul, do

wrong (derived from tìkxey incorrectness)tìkxìm si: [tI."k'Im s·i] PF vin. be above someo-

ne in a heirarchy, be someone’s superior (deri-ved from tìkxìm commanding, ordering, as-signing tasks)

tìmungwrr si: [tI.muN."wr"s·i] PF vin. make an

exception (derived from tìmungwrr excep-tion)

tìng ftxì: [t·IN ft'I] PF vin. taste (derived fromtìng give and ftxi tongue)

tìng lawr: [t·IN lawR] PF vin. sing wordlessly, gi-ve out a tune or melody (derived from tìng

give and lawr melody)tìng mikyun: ["t·IN "mik.jun] PF vin. listen (de-

rived from tìng give and mikyun ear)tìng nari: ["t·IN "na.Ri] PF vin. look (derived

from tìng give and nari eye)tìng ontu: [t·IN "on.tu] JC,PF vin. smell (deri-

ved from tìng give and ontu nose)tìng syawn: [t·IN sjawn] PF vin. bless (derived

from syawn blessing)tìng tseng: ["t·IN "

>tsEN] PF vin. back down, gi-

ve ground (derived from tìng give and tsengground)

tìng zekwä: ["t·IN "zEk.wæ] PF vin. touch (inten-tionally) (derived from tìng give and zekwäfinger)

tìnvi si: ["tIn.vi s·i] PF vin. perform a task, runan errand (derived from tìnvi task, errand)

tìran: [t·I."R·an] PF vin. walktìsraw si: [tI."sRaw "s·i] PF vin. hurt, be painful

(derived from tìsraw pain)tìtxen si: [tI."t'En s·i] PF vin. to wake, to waken,

wake up (derived from tìtxen awakeness)tsaheyl si: [>tsa."hEjl "s·i] PF vin. bond with,

establish a neural connection (derived fromtsaheylu bond)

tsan’ul: [">tsan.P·ul] PF vin. improve, get better(c.w. from sìltsan good and ’ul increase)

tsap’alute si: [>tsap."Pa.lu.tE "s·i] PF vin. apologi-se (apologize) (derived from tsap’alute apolo-gy)

tsawl slu: [">tsawl "sl·u] PF vin. grow (c.w. fromtsawl big and slu become)

tsìsyì: [">ts·I.sy·I] PF vin. whispertskawr: [>tsk·awR] PF vin. limptskxekeng si: [">tsk'E.kEN "s·i] PF vin. exercise,

train (derived from tskxekeng training)tsngawvìk: [">tsN·aw.v·Ik^] PF vin. cry, weeptsranten: [">tsR·an.t·En] PF vin. matter, be of im-

portancetstu si: [">tstu "s·i] PF vin. close (derived from

tstu closed)tsulfä si: [>tsul."fæ "s·i] PF vin. master (derived

from tsulfä mastery)tsunslu: [">ts·un.sl·u] PF vin. may, be possible

(c.w. from tsun be able and slu become)tsurokx: [>ts·u."R·ok'] PF vin. resttswayon: [">tsw·aj.·on] PF vin. flytswesya si: [">tswE.sja s·i] PF vin. flow (derived

from tswesya current)

41

tswìk kxenerit: [>tsw·Ik^"k'E.nE.Rit] PF,D vin.smoke (lit. to suck smoke) (c.w. from tswìksuck and kxener smoke)

tul: [t·ul] PF vin. runtxanro’a: [t'an."R·o.P·a] PF vin. be famous (c.w.

from txan much and ro’a inspire awe or re-spect)

txansngum si: [t'an."sNum s·i] PF vin. feel de-sperate (derived from txansngum despera-tion)

txasunu: [t'a."su.nu] PF vin. love greatly, enjoytremendously (derived from txan much andsunu be likeable) nfp.

txay: [t'·aj] PF vin. be horizontal, lie flattxopu si: ["t'o.pu "s·i] PF vin. be afraid (derived

from txopu fear)ue’: [·u·"EP] PF vtr., vin. vomit, vomit upultxa si: [ul."t'a "s·i] PF vin. meet with someone

intentionally (use hu with) (derived from ul-txa meeting)

unil si: ["u.nil s·i] PF vin. dream (derived fromunil dream)

uvan si: [u."van "s·i] PF vin. play (a game) (deri-ved from uvan game)

velek: ["v·E.l·Ek^] PF vin. give up, surrender, con-cede defeat

vezo: [vE."z·o] PF vin. be in order, be organized(c.w. from ve’o order and zo be as it shouldbe)

vll: [v·l"] PF vin., vtr. indicate, point at

walew: [w·a."l·Ew] PF vin. get over, accept somefact, reconcile oneself, move on

way si: ["waj "s·i] PF vin. sing (derived fromway song)

wäsul: ["wæ.s·ul] PF vin. competewem: [w·Em] PF vin. fightwin säpi: ["win sæ."p·i] PF vin. hurry (c.w. from

win fast and s«äp»i do (reflexive))win si: ["win "s·i] PF vin. rush something, make

something fast (derived from win fast)wrrza’u: [wr

"."z·a.Pu] PF vin. come out, emerge

(derived from wrrpa outside and za’u come)yak si: [j·ak^ s·i] PF vin. diverge, change direc-

tion, go astray (derived from yak point of di-vergence)

yawo: [ja."w·o] PF vin. take off, launch (c.w.from ya air and wo reach for)

yemfpay si: [jEm."fpaj "s·i] PF vin. dip intoliquid (derived from yemfpay dipping)

yomtìng: ["jom.t·IN] PF vin. feed (with dative ob-ject) (ii) (c.w. from yom eat and tìng give)

yomvey: [j·om."vEj] PF vin. dine on flesh, becaniverous (ii) (c.w. from yom eat and veyflesh)

yomzeswa: [j·om."zE.swa] PF vin. graze (ii)(c.w. from yom eat and zeswa grass)

za’u: ["z·a.P·u] PF vin. comezawng: [z·awN] PF vin. screamzawprrte’: [z·aw."pr

".tEP] PF vin. be enjoyable

(derived from za’u come and prrte’ pleasu-rable)

zoslu: ["zo.sl·u] PF vin. heal, become well, get fix-ed (ii) (c.w. from zo be well and slu become)

zung: [z·uN] PF vin. crouchzup: [z·up^] PF vin. fall

vtr.

’aku: ["P·a.k·u] PF vtr. remove, take away, take off’al: [P·al] PF vtr. waste’ampi: ["P·am.p·i] PF vtr. touch’anla: ["P·an.l·a] PF vtr. yearn for’awnìm: ["P·aw.nIm] PF vtr. avoid (c.w. from

’ì’awn remain and alìm distance)’awstengyem: [Paw.stEN."j·Em] PF vtr. bind /

bring two or more things together (ii) (c.w.from ’awsiteng together and yem put)

’ärìp: ["P·æ.R·Ip^] PF vtr. move’efu: ["P·E.f·u] PF vtr. feel, sense, perceive’eko: ["P·E.k·o] PF vtr. attack’em: [P·Em] PF vtr. cook

’ongop: ["Po.N·op^] PF vtr. design (c.w. from ’onshape, form and ngop create)

’opinsung: ["Po.pin.s·uN] PF vtr. color, color in(c.w. from ’opin color and sung add)

emkä: [Em."k·æ] PF vtr. cross (derived fromemza’u pass, overcome and kä go)

emza’u: [Em."z·a.P·u] PF vtr. pass (a test), over-come (c.w. from za’u come)

ewku: ["·Ew.k·u] PF vtr. taste (not intentionally)eyk: [·Ejk^] JC,PF vtr. leadfewi: ["f·E.w·i] PF vtr. chasefmal: [fm·al] PF vtr. sustainfmetok: ["fm·E.t·ok^] PF vtr. test

42

fnan: [fn·an] PF vtr. be good atfngo’: [fN·oP] PF vtr. require, demandfpe’: [fp·EP] PF vtr. sendfpìl: [fp·Il] PF vtr. thinkfrìp: [fR·Ip^] PF vtr. bitefrrfen: ["f·r

".f·En] PF vtr. visit

ftem: [ft·Em] PF vtr. pass by (something)ftia: [ft·i.·"a] PF vtr. studyftxey: [ft'·Ej] PF vtr. choosefwew: [fw·Ew] PF vtr. look for, seek, searchfyel: [fj·El] PF vtr. seal, make imperviousfyep: [fj·Ep^] PF vtr. hold in the hand, grasp, griphan: [h·an] PF vtr. losehawl: [h·awl] PF vtr. preparehawnu: ["h·aw.n·u] PF vtr. protect, shelterhefi: ["h·E.f·i] PF vtr. smell (not intentionally)hena: ["h·E.n·a] PF vtr. carryhipx: [hip'] PF vtr. controlhiup: ["hi·up^] PF vin., vtr. spit, spit outhultstxem: [h·ul.">tst'·Em] PF vtr. hinderinan: [·i."n·an] PF vtr. read (e.g. the forest), gain

knowledge from sensory input (stress movesto first syllable with infixation)

kame: ["k·a.m·E] PF vtr. see, see into, understand,know (spiritual sense)

kan: [k·an] PF vtrm., vtr. aim, to intend; aim, todirect a weapon or other object at a target

kan’ìn: ["k·an.P·In] PF vtr. focus on, specializein, be particularly interested in (c.w. from kanaim and ’in be busy)

kanom: ["k·a.n·om] PF vtr. acquire, getkar: [k·aR] PF vtr. teachkavan: ["k·a.v·an] PF vtr. support (physically)kawngsar: ["kawN.s·aR] PF vtr. exploitkä’ärìp: [kæ."P·æ.R·Ip^] PF vtr. push (c.w. from

kä go and ’ärìp move)kämunge: [kæ."m·u.N·E] PF vtr. take (derived

from munge bring)käsrìn: [kæ."sR·In] PF vtr. lend (derived from

srìn temporarily transfer from one to another)keyn: [k·Ejn] PF vtr. put downkin: [k·in] PF vtr. needkìm: [k·Im] PF vtr. spin, to spin (something) Pol

rumit kolìm He spun the ballkllkulat: [kl

"."k·u.l·at^] PF vtr. dig up

klltxeykay: [kl".t'Ej."k·aj] PF vtr. lay (something)

on the ground (c.w. from kllte ground and tx-ay lie flat) transitive form of klltxay

kllyem: [kl"."j·Em] PF vtr. bury (c.w. from kllte

ground and yem put)kulat: ["k·u.l·at^] PF vtr. reveal, bring forth, un-

cover (literally and metaphorically)kurakx: [k·u."R·ak'] PF vtr. drive outkxeltek: ["k'·El.t·Ek] PF vtr. pick up, liftkxìm: [k'·Im] PF vtr. command, order, assign a

taskkxukx: [k'·uk'] PF vtr. swallowlang: [l·aN] PF vtr. investigate, explorelawk: [l·awk^] PF vtr. discourse on, talk about,

say something concerninglätxayn: [l·æ."t'·ajn] PF vtr. defeat in battle, con-

querlek: [l·Ek^] PF vtr. heed, obeyleyn: [l·Ejn] PF vtr. repeat, do againlok: [l·ok^] PF vtr. approachlonu: [l·o."n·u] PF vtr. release, let gomakto: ["m·ak.t·o] PF vtr. ridemam: [mam] PF vtr. wrapmäkxu: [m·æ."k'u] PF vtr. interrupt, throw out of

harmonious balance (derived from kxu harm)meyam: [m·E."y·am] PF vtr. hug, embrace, hold

in one’s armsmll’an: [m·l

"."P·an] PF vtr. accept

mok: [m·ok^] PF vtr. suggestmong: [m·oN] PF vtr. depend on, rely on, trust for

protectionmunge: ["m·u.N·E] PF vtr. take, bringmuwìntxu: [mu.w·In."t'·u] PF vtr. introduce,

present (derived from wìntxu show)näk: [n·æk^] PF vtr. drinknekx: [n·Ek'] PF vtr. burn, consumenga’: [NaP] PF vtr. containngop: [N·op^] PF vtr. createniä: [n·i.·"æ] PF vtr. grabnìn: [n·In] PF vtr. look atnokx: [n·ok'] PF vtr. give birth tonong: [n·oN] PF vtr. follow, proceed afternongspe’: [n·oN."sp·EP] PF vtr. pursue with an

intent to capturenopx: [n·op'] PF vtr. put away, storeoeyktìng: [o."Ejk.t·IN] PF vtr. explain (why) (ii)

(c.w. from oeyk cause and tìng give)omum: [·o."m·um] PF vtr. know (stress moves

to first syllable with infixation)pänutìng: ["pæ.nu.t·IN] PF vtr. promise (a thing

to someone) (ii) (c.w. from pänu promise andtìng give)

43

pe’un: ["p·E.P·un] PF vtr. decidepeng: [p·EN] PF vtr. tellpom: [p·om] PF vtr. kisspxek: [p'·Ek^] PF vtr. kick, shovepxìmun’i: [p'I.m·un.P"·i] PF vtr. divide, cut into

parts (c.w. from hapxì part and mun’i cut)ralpeng: [Ral."p·EN] PF vtr. interpret (ii) (c.w.

from ral meaning and peng tell)rawn: [R·awn] PF vtr. replace, substituterengop: ["rE.N·op^] PF vtr. design (finer detail)

(c.w. from renu pattern and ngop create)reykol: [REj."kol] PF vtr. play music, make to sing

(poetic) (derived from rol sing and «eyk»causitive infix)

ripx: [R·ip'] PF vtr. piercerun: [R·un] PF vtr. find, discoversar: [s·aR] PF vtr. useseyto: [s·Ej."to] PF vtr. butcher (in the sense of

separating or processing the carcass of a deadanimal)

ska’a: [sk·a."P·a] PF vtr. destroysla’tsu: ["sl·aP.>ts·u] PF vtr. describeslan: [sl·an] PF vtr. support (emotional, social or

personal support) ofp.slayk: [sl·aJk^] PF vtr. brush, combsleyku: [slEj."k·u] PF vtr. produce (derived from

slu become and «eyk» causative infix)sloan: [sl·o."·an] PF vtr. poursnaytx: [sn·ajt'] PF vtr. losesnew: [sn·Ew] PF vtr. constrict, tightensngap: [sN·ap^] PF vtr. stingso’ha: ["s·oP.h·a] PF vtr. be enthusiastic about,

show enthusiasm for, be excited about (Note:Being enthusiastic is always transitive inNa’vi -PF)

spaw: [sp·aw] PF vtr. believespe’e: [sp·E."P·E] PF vtr. capturespeng: [sp·EN] PF vtr. restorespule: ["sp·u.l·E] PF vtr. propelsrätx: [sR·æt'] PF vtr. annoy, bothersrefey: [sRE."f·Ej] PF vtr., vin. expect (c.w. from

sre+ before and pey wait)srefpìl: [sRE."fp·Il] PF vtr. assume (derived from

sre+ before and fpìl think)srese’a: [sRE.s·E."P·a] PF vtr. prophetize, prophe-

size, prophesy, predict (c.w. from sre+ beforeand tse’a see)

srìn: [sR·In] PF vtr. transfer from one to another(rarely used without prefix)

sru’: [sR·uP] PF vtr. crush, tramplestarsìm: ["st·aR.s·Im] PF vtr. gather, collectstawm: [st·awm] PF vtr. hearstä’nì: ["st·æP.n·I] PF vtr. catchsteftxaw: [st·E."ft'·aw] PF vtr. examine, checksteyki: [stEj."k·i] PF vtr. anger, make someone an-

gry (derived from sti be angry and «eyk»causative infix)

stxenutìng: ["st'E.nu.t·IN] PF vtr. offer (derivedfrom stxenu offer, n.)

sung: [s·uN] PF vtr. addsutx: [s·ut'] PF vtr. track, followsyam: [sj·am] PF vtr. to smell (intentionally)syep: [sj·Ep^] PF vtr. traptakuk: ["t·a.k·uk^] PF vtr. strike, beat, slaptare: ["t·a.R·E] PF vtr. connect, relate to, have a re-

lationship withtaron: ["t·a.R·on] JC,PF vtr. hunttatep: ["t·a.t·Ep^] PF vtr. lose track, lose aware-

ness of somethingtäftxu: [t·æ."ft'·u] PF vtr. weavetel: [t·El] PF vtr. receiveteswotìng: [tE."swo.t·IN] PF vtr. grant (ii) (c.w.

from tìng give)tiam: ["t·i.·am] PF vtr. counttìng: [t·IN] PF vtr. givetìsraw seyki: [tI."sRaw sEj."k·i] PF vtr. hurt (so-

meone or something) (c.w. from tìsraw painand s«eyk»i make (causative))

tok: [t·ok^] PF vtr. be at, occupy a spacetoltem: [t·ol."t·Em] PF vtr. shoottong: [t·oN] PF vtr. put out, quenchtsawn: [>ts·awn] PF vtr. gather growing food from

the forest; pick; harvest (in agriculture)tse’a: [>ts·E."P·a] PF vtr. see (physical sense)tseri: [">ts·E.R·i] PF vtr. note, noticetslam: [>tsl·am] PF vtr. understandtspang: [>tsp·aN] PF vtr. killtsre’i: [">tsR·E.P·i] PF vtr. throwtsukx: [>ts·uk'] PF vtr. stabtswa’: [>tsw·aP] PF vtr. forgettswìk: [>tsw·Ik^] PF vtr. sucktsyär: [>tsj·æR] PF vtr. rejecttsyìl: [>tsj·Il] PF vtr. climb, scale (pulling entire

body up)tsyul: [>tsj·ul] PF vtr. begin, starttung: [t·uN] PF vtr. allowtungzup: [t·uN."z·up^] PF vtr. drop (c.w. from

tung allow and zup fall)

44

txap: [t'·ap^] PF vtr. press, press on, apply (phy-sical) pressure to

txìng: [t'·IN] PF vtr. leave, abandontxopu sleyku: ["t'o.pu slEj."k·u] PF vtr. frighten

(derived from txopu fear and sleykuproduce)

txula: ["t'·u.l·a] PF vtr. build, constructue’: [·u·"EP] PF vtr., vin. vomit, vomit upultxarun: [ul."t'a.R·un] PF vtr. encounter, meet

by chance (ii) (c.w. from ultxa meeting andrun find)

uniltsa: ["u.nIl.>ts·a] PF vtr. dream of, dreamabout (derived from unil dream and tse’asee)

ve’kì: [v·EP."k·I] PF vtr. hatevewng: [v·EwN] PF vtr. look after, take care of, be

responsible forvezeyko: [vE.zEj."ko] PF vtr. put in order, orga-

nize (derived from vezo be in order)vin: [v·in] PF vtr. request, ask forvingkap: ["v·iN.k·ap^] PF vtr. occur to one, pop

into one’s mindvll: [v·l

"] PF vin., vtr. indicate, point at

wan: [w·an] PF vtr. hidewäte: [wæ."t·E] PF vtr. argue, disputewätx: [w·æt'] PF vtr. be bad atweyn: [w·Ejn] PF vtr. draw, illustrate

wìngay: [w·I."Naj] PF vtr. prove (derived fromwìntxu show and ngay true)

wìntxu: [w·In."t'·u] PF vtr. showwo: [w·o] PF vtr. reach foryäkx: [J·æk'] PF vtr. not notice, ignore, snubyän: [j·æn] PF vtr. fasten, tie downyem: [j·Em] PF vtr. put, placeyemstokx: ["j·Em.stok'] PF vtr. put on (clot-

hing), don (c.w. from yem sìn put on and to-kx body)

yìm: [j·Im] PF vtr. bindyom: [j·om] PF vtr. eatyora’: [j·o."R·aP] PF vtr. winyune: ["j·u.n·E] PF vtr. listen to (intentionally)yur: [j·uR] PF vtr. washza’ärìp: [za."P·æ.R·Ip^] PF vtr. pull (derived

from ’ärìp move)zamunge: [za."m·u.N·E] PF vtr. bring (derived

from munge bring)zasrìn: [za."sR·In] PF vtr. borrow (derived from

srìn temporarily transfer from one to another)zerok: ["z·E.R·ok^] PF vtr. rememberzet: [z·Et^] PF vtr. treat (emotionally), display an

attitude towardszeyko: [zEj."k·o] PF vtr. heal, fix (derived from

zo be well and «eyk» causative infix)zìm: [z·Im] PF vtr. feel (not intentionally)zong: [z·oN] PF vtr. save, defend

vtrm.

fmi: [fm·i] PF vtrm. try, attempt (with thesubjunctive)

kan: [k·an] PF vtrm., vtr. aim, to intend; aim, todirect a weapon or other object at a target

may’: [m·ajP] PF vtrm. taste, try, sample, evalu-

ate, check out, test-drivenew: [n·Ew] PF vtrm. wantnulnew: [nul."n·Ew] PF vtrm. prefer (ii) (deri-

ved from new want)sto: [st·o] PF vtrm. refuse (to do something)

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