CAUSES OF INDUSTRIAL POLLUTIONCAUSES OF INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION

• Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into a natural environment that causes instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem i.e. physical systems or living organisms.Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat, or light.

• Pollutants, the elements of pollution, can be foreign substances or energies, or naturally occurring; when naturally occurring, they are considered contaminants, when they exceed natural levels.

• Pollution caused by the industrial effluents • Different industrial manufacturing processes require different

substances who are toxic to the environment ,hence are pollutants

• Introduction of the pollutants into the atmosphere at all the levels of air water and land and the alterations that it causes to the  ecosystem

INDUSTRIAL POLLUTANTS

POLLUTANTS SOURCES EFFECTS ON MAN

1.Aldehydes Thermal decomposition of fat ,oil, glycerol Irritate nasal  and

respiratory tracts

2.Ammonia Chemical processes, dye making, explosives etc

Inflame upper respiratory passages

3.Arsines Acid manufacture  containing arsenic, metal industry

Break down of RBC, jaundice , kidney failures

4.Carbon monoxide Motor exhausts, burning of fossil fuel Breakdown of red blood cells ,anemia

5.Hydrogen cyanides Metal plating, blast furnace,  chemical manufacturing

Nerve cell destruction

6.Phosgenes Chemical and dye manufacturing Pulmonary pneumonia

7.Sulphur Dioxide Coal and oil combustion Respiratory ailments

8.Petroleum and Industrial carbons

Off shore wells, oil tankers, industrial wastes

9.Mercury Chemical manufacture ,caustic soda plants etc Minamata  disease

11.Fluoride Coal burning power plants, fluorinated water  used in industries

fluorosis

12.Nitrates Fertilizers methemoglobinemia

TYPES OF INDUSTIRAL POLLUTION

1.INDUSTIAL AIR POLLUTION

2.INDUSTRIAL WATER POLLUTION

3.INDUSTRIAL LAND POLLUTION

4.INDUSTRIAL NOISE POLLUTION

5.INDUSTRIAL RADIO ACTIVE POLLUTION

6.INDUSTRIAL THERMAL POLLUTION

CAUSES OF INDUSTRIAL AIR POLLUTION• Pollution involves the suspension of chemicals and

particles in the air• Factory industries pump gases through

smokestacks that emit exhaust and particles into the air

• various industrial processe generate significant amounts of aerosols.

• Sulfur oxides (SOx) - especially sulfur dioxide, a chemical compound with the formula SO2. SO2 is produced in various industrial processes. Since coal and petroleum often contain sulfur compounds, their combustion generates sulfur dioxide

• Nitrogen oxides (NOx) - especially nitrogen dioxide are emitted from high temperature combustion

INDUSTRIAL WATER POLLUTION

• Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans and groundwater).

• Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.

CAUSES OF WATER POLLUTION

• Fertilizers and chemicals from agricultuaral industries reach the water and they harm aquatic life and other water animals.

• Leakage from oil tankers is also cause water pollution

• Most of the industries and factories are being set up near water bodies. All the harmful chemicals like lead, mercury, cyanide, nitrates, etc.are dumping in water from these factories.

MAJOR WATER POLLUTANTS

• Asbestos –. Asbestos cause illnesses such as asbestosis, mesothelioma, lung cancer, intestinal cancer and liver cancer.

• Lead – It is a non-biodegradable substance so it is hard to clean up once the environment is contaminated. Lead is harmful to the health of many animals, including humans, as it can inhibit the action of bodily enzymes.

• Mercury –. Mercury is also harmful to animal health as it can cause illness through mercury poisoning.

• Nitrates& Phosphates  – The increased use of fertilisers means that nitrates are more often being washed from the soil and into rivers and lakes. This can cause eutrophication, which can be very problematic to marine environments.

• Sulphur – This is a non-metallic substance that is harmful for marine life.

• Oils – Oil does not dissolve in water, instead it forms a thick layer on the water surface. This can stop marine plants receiving enough light for photosynthesis

• Petrochemicals – This is formed from gas or petrol and can be toxic to marine life.

Industrial Land pollution

• Land pollution is the alteration in soil caused by removal or addition of substances and factors that decreases its productivity, quality of plants and ground water.

• Construction and demolition debris has to be sorted and removed. Currently, much of it ends up in landfill sites where it may pose problems.

• When factories are decommissioned from use there is often a lengthy and expensive clean-up needed before the land can be re-used.

• many industrial nations new land for building homes and schools is hard to find

Causes of Land pollution

• Heavy metals such as cadmium and lead may be deposited locally. Other metals such as copper may be deposited in unsafe amounts. Some of these toxic metals accumulate over time

• Industrial effluents: they include scraps, effluents, sludge, fly ash and radioactive wastes. Industrial solid wastes and sludge add a lot of toxic chemical into soil. Fly ash is fall-out from testing laboratories and other sources also pollute the soil.

NOISE POLLUTION

The displeasing sounds which lead to the disruption of the balance of human life and natural things which surround him creates a chaotic situation or condition called noise pollution.

CAUSES OF NOISE POLLUTION

• The different machines which are responsible for creating noise include the compressors, motors and other machinery.

• Noise also acts synergistically with other hazards to increase the risk of harm to workers. In particular, noise and dangerous substances (e.g. some solvents) that have some tendencies towards ototoxicity may give rise to rapid ear damage.

• Noise can not only cause hearing impairment (at long-term exposures of over 85 decibels (dB), known as an exposure action value), but it also acts as a causal factor for stress and raises systolic blood pressure.

Industrial Radioactive pollution

• Radioactivity was discovered by Antoine Henri Becquerel, in 1896. Since World War II,

• Many industries such as electrical power generation- nuclear power plants, mining, biological and chemical research, military nuclear weapons, consumer product development, medical diagnosis and treatment have integrated radioactivity in their procedures. These are sources of nuclear waste pollution.            

CAUSES OF RADIO ACTIVE WASTE POLLUTION

• Radioactive waste can be low-level or high-level; it may have low levels or high levels of radioactivity per mass or weight or volume.

• Small exposure to radiation can have serious health consequences.

• Exposure from high-level radioactive waste can cause cancer, abnormalities or even death depending upon the time of exposure and amount of radiation absorbed.

• Radioactive chemical waste leaches into the earth's surface and enter the ecosystem through plants. It enters the human body through food chain or by inhalation.

THERMAL POLLUTION

• The increase of temperature  causes death  to sensitive organisms and also causes migration Of normal fauna  of the region.

• The worst effected are the coral reefs which are the breeding nurseries of the ocean ,When these die out, the entire region of  the sea turns into a dead zone.

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