By: Nana Kerse Ntim-Addae

How Caves are formed For a cave to be formed there needs to be a vulnerable point or weak spot on the headland. These are easily eroded so the waves attack is using various processes like hydraulic pressure. This weak spot is worn away until it is wide and deep in the headland, a cave has been made.

How Arches are formed Arches are formed when caves that have been formed are still being eroded away by the waves. These waves continue to widen and deepen the cave until it breaks through the headland and all thats left is the top part of the cave, forming an arch.

How Stacks are formed Stacks are formed when arches that have been left from cave continue to be battered by waves. This leaves the arch unsupported and the top part of what was left of the cave falls down leaving a tall pillar called a Stack.

Now Stumps are formed Stumps are formed after stacks have been exposed to the erosional processes. After the arch drops all thats left is the stack and eventually, it is worn away. This just leaves the base of the stack now called a Stump.

Summary of how Caves, arches, stacks and stumps are formed.

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