cee 437 lecture 1 october 1, 2002 thomas doe. outline course introduction geology and engineers...
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![Page 1: CEE 437 Lecture 1 October 1, 2002 Thomas Doe. Outline Course Introduction Geology and Engineers Brief History of Geology Global Structure Plate Tectonics](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649d575503460f94a35272/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CEE 437 Lecture 1
October 1, 2002
Thomas Doe
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Outline
• Course Introduction
• Geology and Engineers
• Brief History of Geology
• Global Structure
• Plate Tectonics
• The Rock Cycle
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TopicCourse Introduction, Earth Structure and CompositionMinerals, Rock Cycle, LabSedimentary Rocks, Stratigraphy, Geologic TimeIgneous and Metamorphic Rocks, LabGeologic Maps and StereonetsStructural GeologyField Trip #1, Seattle GeologyPhysical Properties of Rocks and SoilsRock Mass Classification IndicesFracture Characterisation and Fractured Rock Analysis
Rocks Slope and TunnelsMid TermField Trip #2, CascadiaSite Characterization, Borehole Characterization and GeophysicsLandslides and SubsidenceEarthquakes and SeismologyEngineering Geology in Washington StateGlacial GeologyThanksgivingField Trip #3: Glacial GeologyHydrogeology I — PrinciplesHydrogeology II — Site CharacterizationFinal Exam
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Geology — Brief History
• Origins in late 18th and early 19th Centuries
• Catastrophism and Uniformitarianism– Age of Earth– Uniformity of Processes
• Plate Tectonics Revolution (1950’s to 1980’s)
• Neo-Catastrophism
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Siccar Point Unconformity
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Smith’s Map of England
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Engineering and Geology
• William Smith and the English geological map
• Karl Terzaghi and insights to the distribution of earth materials
• Earth heterogeneity!!!!
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Global Structure
• Based mainly on seismic information and meteorite compositions
• Crust ~25-75 km depending varyin under continents and oceans
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Global Structure
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Velocity Variation with Depth
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Development of Plate Tectonics
• Evidence from ocean floor magnetism and ages
• Evidence from seismicity
• Evidence from cross-continent correlations of rocks
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Global Seismicity
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Benioff Zone
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Sea-floor Spreading
• Mantle convection driven
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Seafloor Spreading — Sediment Ages
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Evolution of Spreading Sea Floor — Atlantic Analog
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Convergent Margins
• Ocean to Continent
• Continent to Continent
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Convergent Margin
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Rock Cycle
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Convergent Margin — Subduction Zone
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Major Crustal Plates
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Evolution of Continents — North American Craton
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North American Accretion