乳房炎预防与治疗Prevention and Treatment of

Mastitis

伊利集团奶科院技术服务中心Yili Milk Research Institute

Technical Service Center李平

Ping Li

美国每年乳房炎造成17亿美元损失United States each year mastitis caused $ 1.7 billion

loss

• 每1例临床性乳房炎造成的损失2000元。• Economic loss from 1 case of clincical mastitis(CM) is 2,000RMB.• 每一例隐性乳房炎的损失1800-2800元RMB。Economic loss from 1 case of

subclincical mastitis is 1,800-2,000RMB. • 大部分乳房炎是隐性乳房炎，每发生1例临床乳房炎就有20-40例隐性乳房

炎。

• Most cases are subclinical mastitis, the ratio of CM to subclinical masitiits is 1:20-40.

• 每1例临床性乳房炎意味着近4万元的损失• Therefore, 1 case of CM means a loss of 40,000RMB.

乳房炎对繁殖的危害Impacts of Mastitis on Reproduction Performance

• 患临床性乳房炎第一次配种93天（健康牛63天），196天空怀期（健康牛85天），4.3支精细管/乳房炎牛怀孕（1.6支/健康牛怀孕）。

• Cows with CM:• 1st AI at DIM 93, 196 open days, 4.3 thin tube semen • Healthy cows:• 1st AI at DIM 63, 85 open days,1.6 thin tube semen 30%的临床性乳房炎奶牛丧失繁殖• 30% clincial masitits cases lead to infertility

SCC（×104/ mL）感染奶牛百分率 Percentage of infected cows

宾西法尼亚州的研究Study in PA

康纳尔州的研究Study in CO

＜10 6 5

10-20 17 12

20-30 34 33

30-40 45 38

40-50 51 5850-60 67 53

＞60 79 617/26/2017

体细胞数反映了牛群中被感染的比例Somatic cell count represents the proportion of infected

herds

SCC(×104/ mL) DHIA SCC评分

产奶量的差异 Difference in milk yield

第一胎次

1st lacatation

第二及以上胎次

>1 st lacatation

1.25 0 -

2.5 1 -

5.0 2 -

10 3 -200 -400

20 4 -400 -800

40 5 -600 -1200

80 6 -800 -1600160 7 -1200 -2000320 8640 97/26/2017

体细胞数越高意味着奶损失越大！The higher the number of the somatic cell, the greater of the milk loss!

组成

Composition

正常奶%

Normal Milk

高SCC奶%

Milk with high SCC

正常百分比%

Percentage of Normal

非脂肪固体

Solids-not-fat8.9 8.8 99

脂肪Fat 3.5 3.2 91乳糖Lactose 4.9 4.4 90总蛋白Total Protein 3.61 3.56 99总酪蛋白Total Casein 2.8 2.3 82乳清蛋白Whey Protein 0.8 1.3 162血清白蛋白Serum Albumin 0.02 0.07 350乳铁蛋白Lactoferrin 0.02 0.1 500免疫球蛋白Immunoglobulins 0.1 0.6 600钠离子Sodium 0.057 0.105 184氯离子Chloride 0.091 0.147 161钾离子Potassium 0.173 0.157 91钙离子Calcium 0.12 0.04 33

乳腺炎对牛奶成分影响 Changes in milk composition caused by mastitis

错误操作、缺乏培训 乳头端空气撞击Wrong operation, lack of training. Teat is exposed to the air

乳房的结构和乳房炎 Structure of Udder and Mastitis

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消毒不到位 Improper Teat Disinfection

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干奶牛的重要性 The importance of dry cows

• 恢复乳房 Recovery of udder • 恢复瘤胃 Recovery of rumen • 恢复肢蹄 Recovery of limb and hoof

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Incidence and timing of mastitis 乳腺炎发生率、发生时间

产犊 干奶 产犊

新发生感染的比率

存在隐性乳房炎感染

金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus aureus

链球菌 Streptococcus

杆菌 Bacilli

让干奶药持续、深入作战！Need persistent and thorough antibiotics

将残奶挤干净

Remove the residual milk 彻底消毒

Thorough disinfection 注射药物（药浴）Inject drugs (medicated bath)

干奶无菌操作 Aseptic technique in dry cows

干奶治疗 Treatment of dry cows

• 干奶药的注射治疗操作 • Perform dry cow therapy

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设备的保养和维护Maintenance of milking equipment

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按时强制更换奶衬Scheduled mandatory replacement of liners

设备维护不只是奶衬的更换.....Equipment maintenance is more than replacing

the liner .....1、更换与牛奶直接接触的橡胶件 Replacement of rubber parts in direct contact with milk 2、更换与牛奶间接接触的橡胶件 Replacement of rubber parts not in direct contact with milk 3、真空度检查 Check vacuum4、脉动频率检查 Check pulsation frequency ··········一台优质的设备，意味着高效的工作，健康的乳房。

A high-quality equipment means efficient work and healthy udders.

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乳头空评分--评价设备功能Nipple Emptiness Scoring – evaluation of equipment function

乳房炎的治疗 Mastitis treatment

• 卫生，科学 • Hygiene and science-based

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产房挤奶 Maternity milking

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分群治疗乳房炎牛 Regroup and treat cows with mastitis

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你是在治病还是致病—Are you treating the disease or causing it?

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Growth on Factor Media (bright red) = Gram-positive bacteria要素培养基（亮红）=革兰氏阳性菌

Ex) Staph or Strep species, Bacillus, Corynebacteria, etc. 葡萄球菌或链球菌、芽孢杆菌、棒状杆菌等

Growth on MacConkey Media (pink, translucent) = Gram-negative bacteria麦糠凯培养基（粉红，半透明）=革兰氏阴性菌

Ex) E.coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia, etc. 大肠杆菌、克雷伯氏杆菌、肠杆菌、沙蕾氏菌

MN Easy Culture: Bi-Plate明尼苏达简易培养皿：二分板

Factor MacConkey

乳房炎治疗 Mastitis treatment• 培养？？？Culture of milk• 确定是否治疗Treatment Decision• 制定治疗方案Treatment Plan --分级；乳房内治疗还是全身治疗 Systemic or intramarmary treatment --用药--（两种以上不同的乳房内治疗药物） antibiotics (combinations of 2 or more antibiotics for IM ) --使用一次性注射器和严格消毒乳头 Use disposable syringes and asceptic technique --及时评估治疗效果孔 on-time evaluation of treatment effectiveness --放弃和及时淘汰 Stop treatment and timing culling药敏实验？？？Antibiotics sensitivity assay 7/26/2017

Mastitis Detection 乳房炎检测

• Use records to identify chronically and subclinically infected cows

• 用记录来确定慢性或亚临床感染牛– Cows with more than 3 cases of clinical mastitis in same quarter

in same lactation may be chronic– 同一个泌乳期同一个乳区得3次以上临床乳房炎的牛也许是

慢性乳房炎– Cows with 2 or more consecutive tests had an SCC over 200,000

may be chronic– 体细胞连续两次20万以上也许为慢性感染– Any cow with an SCC over 200,000 is considered subclinically

infected– 体细胞大于20万的牛只为亚临床感染

预防乳房炎的关键点Key points to prevent mastitis

• 舒适度 Comfort • 挤奶操作 Milking operation

• 干奶治疗 Treatment of dry cows • 设备维护 Equipment maintenance

• 淘汰 Culling

6-Strategies to control Bovine Mastitis 乳房炎控制计划的6个关键点1. Post-milking teat disinfection

挤后乳头消毒2. Universal dry cow therapy

常规干奶牛治疗3. Appropriate treatment of clinical cases

临床乳房炎合理的治疗4. Cull chronically infected cows

淘汰慢性感染牛5. Regular milking machine maintenance

定期挤奶机维修保养6.Environmental risk management

环境风险管理

费用分析 Cost Analysis——卧床投入（舒适度）：460元/头/年（1200/20+400） bedding investment (comfort): 460RMB/cow/year（1200/20+400）——挤奶厅的费用（挤奶操作、设备维护）：400元/头/年 parlor investment (milking and equipment maintenance) 400RMB/cow/year——干奶治疗费用：100元/头/年 Cost of dry cow therapy: 100RMB/cow/year——全年投入每头牛960元，降低乳房炎，降低淘汰率，提高至少3公斤单产 (4000元），带来丰厚利润。 Control mastitis and reduce culling rate with an increase of 3kg milk

/cow/day(4,000RBM) by investing 960RMB/cow/year每减少1头乳房炎，减少损失4万元！实际上不止······You can save at least 40,000RMB by reducing one incidence of CM.

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预防1元钱，治疗就需要5元钱！1 RMB in prevention will save 5 RMB in treatment.

牧场管理---标准化ＳＯＰ操作Dairy Farm Management ---

Standardization Operation(SOP)

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用正确的方法去做正确的事Do the right thing in the right way.

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