cell division. mitosis – occurs in body cells only!! every cell must first copy its genetic...
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Cell Division
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Cell Division
• Mitosis – Occurs in BODY cells only!!
• Every cell must first copy its genetic information before cell division begins.
• ***Each daughter cell then gets an exact, complete copy of that information from the parent cell***
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The Cell Cycle• Series of events
that cells go through as they grow and divide
• The “parent” cell grows, divides, and forms two “daughter” cells that each begin the cycle again
G2 phase
S phase
G1 phase
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includes
is divided into is divided into
Cell Cycle
M phase (Mitosis)
Interphase
G1 phase S phase ProphaseG2 phase Metaphase TelophaseAnaphase
The Cell Cycle
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Events of the Cell Cycle
• Interphase – time when cell isn’t dividing – can be long. Made up of 3 phases:– G1 – cells grow and create new proteins and
organelles– S – chromosomes replicated and make DNA– G2 – shortest of the three phases and
organelles required for cell division made– (Interphase is NOT part of Mitosis!)
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Interphase
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M-Phase: Mitosis
• Takes place quicker than Interphase, Occurs in somatic (body) cells only. Mitosis has four phases:– Prophase– Metaphase– Anaphase– Telophase
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Prophase
• 1st and longest phase – chromosomes become visible. The centrioles separate and send spindles (tube-like structures) out to attach to chromosomes. Nuclear membrane breaks down.
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Prophase
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Metaphase
• 2nd and pretty short phase – chromosomes line up at center of cell
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Metaphase
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Anaphase
• 3rd phase – chromosomes separate and become individual chromosomes. They move to the poles of the spindle.
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Anaphase
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Telophase
• 4th phase – chromosomes begin to disperse into a tangle of dense material. Nuclear membrane re-forms around chromosomes and spindle breaks down.
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Telophase
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Cytokinesis
• At the end of Telophase, two nuclei are within cytoplasm of one cell. Cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm and occurs at the same time as Telophase
• Cytoplasm pinched in two to create ***two daughter cells genetically identical to one another***
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Centrioles
Chromatin
Interphase
Nuclear envelope
Cytokinesis
Nuclear envelope reforming
Telophase
Anaphase
Individual chromosomes
Metaphase
Centriole
Spindle
CentrioleChromosomes
(paired chromatids)
Prophase
Centromere
Spindle forming
Mitosis and Cytokinesis
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Centrioles
Chromatin
Interphase
Nuclear envelope
Cytokinesis
Nuclear envelope reforming
Telophase
Anaphase
Individual chromosomes
Metaphase
Centriole
Spindle
CentrioleChromosomes
(paired chromatids)
Prophase
Centromere
Spindle forming
Mitosis and Cytokinesis
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Centrioles
Chromatin
Interphase
Nuclear envelope
Cytokinesis
Nuclear envelope reforming
Telophase
Anaphase
Individual chromosomes
Metaphase
Centriole
Spindle
CentrioleChromosomes
(paired chromatids)
Prophase
Centromere
Spindle forming
Mitosis and Cytokinesis
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Centrioles
Chromatin
Interphase
Nuclear envelope
Cytokinesis
Nuclear envelope reforming
Telophase
Anaphase
Individual chromosomes
Metaphase
Centriole
Spindle
CentrioleChromosomes
(paired chromatids)
Prophase
Centromere
Spindle forming
Mitosis and Cytokinesis
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Centrioles
Chromatin
Interphase
Nuclear envelope
Cytokinesis
Nuclear envelope reforming
Telophase
Anaphase
Individual chromosomes
Metaphase
Centriole
Spindle
CentrioleChromosomes
(paired chromatids)
Prophase
Centromere
Spindle forming
Mitosis and Cytokinesis
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Centrioles
Chromatin
Interphase
Nuclear envelope
Cytokinesis
Nuclear envelope reforming
Telophase
Anaphase
Individual chromosomes
Metaphase
Centriole
Spindle
CentrioleChromosomes
(paired chromatids)
Prophase
Centromere
Spindle forming
Mitosis and Cytokinesis
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Summary of Mitosis
• Occurs in body cells
• Makes 2 genetically identical cells with the same amount of chromosomes as parent cells
• PMAT – four stages of mitosis