Cell OrganellesCell Organelles

© J Beauchemin 2006© J Beauchemin 2006

The flush of a toilet can send a spray 7 The flush of a toilet can send a spray 7 meters. meters.

Where is your toothbrush??Where is your toothbrush??

What is a Cell?What is a Cell?

Red blood cellsRed blood cells Cardiac muscleCardiac muscle

Onion rootOnion root Nerve cells (neurons)Nerve cells (neurons)

Cell TheoryCell Theory

-All living things are made of cells.-All living things are made of cells.

-Cells are the basic units of “structure -Cells are the basic units of “structure and function” in organisms. (and function” in organisms. (What What

does does this mean?!!)this mean?!!)

-New cells are made from existing -New cells are made from existing cellscells

HandoutHandout

There are two main types of There are two main types of cells:cells:

prokaryoticprokaryotic

eukaryoticeukaryotic

ProkaryoticProkaryotic EukaryoticEukaryoticcells: cells: cells:cells:

Genetic material is not Genetic material is not in a nucleus.in a nucleus.

Usually smallerUsually smaller

Simpler (fewer Simpler (fewer organelles with fewer organelles with fewer functions)functions)

BacteriaBacteria

Have a nucleus that Have a nucleus that contains genetic contains genetic material.material.

Generally largerGenerally larger

Contain many Contain many organellesorganelles

Found in all living things Found in all living things other than bacteriaother than bacteria

Cells are full of “things” called organelles.Cells are full of “things” called organelles.

Cell OrganellesCell OrganellesOrganelleOrganelle= “little = “little organ”organ”

Everything in a cell Everything in a cell except the nucleus is except the nucleus is cytoplasmcytoplasm

Cell MembraneCell MembraneBoundary of the cellBoundary of the cell

Cell MembraneCell Membrane

Surrounds the cytoplasm and holds the Surrounds the cytoplasm and holds the shape of the cellshape of the cell

Protects the cellProtects the cell

Allows certain material to pass throughAllows certain material to pass through

(selectively permeable)(selectively permeable)

NucleusNucleusControl center of a Control center of a eukaryotic celleukaryotic cell

Contains Contains DNA and DNA and RNARNA

Surrounded by a Surrounded by a double membranedouble membrane

Usually the easiest Usually the easiest organelle to see under organelle to see under a microscopea microscope

Usually one per cellUsually one per cell

Nucleolus Nucleolus

Inside the nucleus is a small Inside the nucleus is a small ball called the ball called the nucleolusnucleolus..

Ribosomes are made here.Ribosomes are made here.

CytoskeletonCytoskeletonActs as Acts as skeletonskeleton and and musclemuscle

Provides shape and Provides shape and structurestructure

Helps move Helps move organelles around the organelles around the cellcell

Endoplasmic ReticulumEndoplasmic Reticulum““ER”ER”Connected to nuclear Connected to nuclear membranemembraneHighway of the cellHighway of the cellRough ERRough ER: studded with : studded with ribosomes; it makes ribosomes; it makes proteins and delivers proteins and delivers them to Golgi Apparatusthem to Golgi ApparatusSmooth ERSmooth ER: no : no ribosomes; it makes ribosomes; it makes lipids; carries proteinslipids; carries proteins

RibosomeRibosomeWhere protein is Where protein is mademade

Found attached to Found attached to rough ER or floating rough ER or floating free in cytoplasmfree in cytoplasm

Produced in a part of Produced in a part of the nucleus called the the nucleus called the nucleolusnucleolus

Golgi ApparatusGolgi ApparatusLooks like a stack of Looks like a stack of platesplates

Stores and packages Stores and packages proteinsproteins

Carries particles in Carries particles in vesicles vesicles (little sacks or (little sacks or bubbles) bubbles)

Vesicles Vesicles will pinch off will pinch off the ends.the ends.

LysosomesLysosomesGarbage disposal of Garbage disposal of the cell (cannibals)the cell (cannibals)

Sack filled with Sack filled with enzymes that break enzymes that break down wastesdown wastes

Enzymes may Enzymes may destroy the cell, destroy the cell, recycle material, recycle material, fuse with food fuse with food vacuoles to digest vacuoles to digest the food in single the food in single celled organisms. celled organisms.

Which organelles do lysosomes work with?

MitochondriaMitochondria““Powerhouse of the Powerhouse of the cell”cell”Cellular respirationCellular respiration occurs here to release occurs here to release energy for the cell to energy for the cell to useuseHas its own strand of Has its own strand of DNADNA

ChloroplastChloroplastFound only in plant Found only in plant cellscells

Contains the green Contains the green pigment pigment chlorophyllchlorophyll

Site of photosynthesis Site of photosynthesis ( (glucoseglucose production) production)

Cell WallCell WallFound in Found in plant, plant, bacterial, fungi and bacterial, fungi and some protistasome protista cells cells

Rigid, protective Rigid, protective barrierbarrier

Located Located outsideoutside of the of the cell membranecell membrane

VacuolesVacuolesLarge Large centralcentral vacuole vacuole usually in usually in plantplant cells cells

Many smaller Many smaller vacuoles in vacuoles in animalanimal cellscells

Storage container for Storage container for water, food, enzymes, water, food, enzymes, wastes, pigments, etc.wastes, pigments, etc.

What type of microscope may have been used to take this picture?

ContractileContractileVacuoleVacuole

CentrioleCentrioleAids in cell divisionAids in cell division

Found only in animal Found only in animal cellscells

Made of microtubulesMade of microtubules

Quick ReviewQuick ReviewWhich organelle is the control center of the cell? Which organelle is the control center of the cell? NucleusNucleus

Which organelle holds the cell together?Which organelle holds the cell together?Cell membraneCell membrane

Which organelles are not found in animal cells?Which organelles are not found in animal cells?Cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplastsCell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts

Which organelle helps plant cells make food?Which organelle helps plant cells make food?ChloroplastsChloroplasts

What does E.R. stand for?What does E.R. stand for?Endoplasmic reticulumEndoplasmic reticulum

Video ReviewVideo Review

http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=8862676622825903059&safe=active#