cell reproduction and growth cell division m c. limits on cell size diffusion is more efficient over...
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Cell Reproduction and Cell Reproduction and GrowthGrowth
Cell Division
MC
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Limits on Cell SizeLimits on Cell Size• Diffusion is more efficient over short distances• DNA limitations (has to be able to make
proteins for whole cell)• Surface area – to – volume ratio
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Cell ReproductionCell Reproduction
• 1 somatic cell (parent cell) reproduces to make 2 identical somatic cells (daughter cells)…
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Interphase (G1, S, G2)Cell Division- Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis
The Cell Cycle The Cell Cycle (phases in the life cycle of a cell)(phases in the life cycle of a cell)
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What happens in What happens in each of these phases each of these phases
of the cell cycle?of the cell cycle?
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InterphaseInterphase
• Cell grows in size and metabolizes• Chromosomes duplicated
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•G1-growth phase 1
•G2-growth phase 2
•S-synthesis
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1. Prophase1. Prophase
• Chromatin coils up into chromosomes(Chromosomes are made up of 2 sister chromatids
attached by a centromere)
• Nucleus disappears• Centrioles move to poles • Spindle forms
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2. Metaphase2. Metaphase• Chromosomes attach to the
spindle and line up on the equator of the cell.
• Spindle fibers attach to each sister chromatid at the centromere.
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3. Anaphase3. Anaphase
• Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles as spindle fibers shorten
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4. Telophase4. Telophase
• Chromatids reach poles• Chromosomes unwind• Nuclei reform• Spindle fibers break down
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5. Cytokinesis5. Cytokinesis
• Division of the cytoplasm…separation of the 2 new cells
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Cytokinesis:Cytokinesis: Animal Animal vs. vs. PlantPlant
• Plasma membrane pinches in (cleavage furrow)
• Cell is pinched in two
• Cell plate laid down along equator
• Plasma membrane forms around each cell
• New cell walls form on each side of cell plate
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Mitosis
Summary
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Check your BRAIN!Check your BRAIN!
1. Describe how a cell’s surface area-to-volume ratio limits its size.
2. Why is it necessary for a cell’s chromosomes to be distributed to its daughter cells in such a precise manner?
3. How is the division of cytoplasm different in plants and in animals?
4. List the 4 phases of mitosis.
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Key TermsKey Terms• Chromosomes• Chromatin• Sister chromatids• Centromere• Spindle (spindle fibers)• Centrioles• Cleavage furrow• Cell plate• Interphase• Prophase• Metaphase• Anaphase• Telophase• Cytokinesis