Cell Study Guide

1. Define Cell

•Basic Unit of Life

2. What are the 3 parts of the cell theory

•All cells arise from existing cells•Cells are the basic unit of life•All organisms are made of one

or more cellsSchleiden, Schwann and

Virchow

3. Describe the difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic

cells and give an example of each

• Prokaryotic cells (bacteria cells) are simple cells that lack a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

• Eukaryotic cells (animal and plant cells) are complex cells with nuclei and organelles – eukaryotic cells all have cell membrane, cytoplasm ad nucleus.

4. Compare and contrast plant cells and animal cell

• Plant Cells contain cell walls, chloroplasts and a large central vacuole

• Animal Cells contain centriole• Both plant and animal cells contain:

cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus and many organelles

5. Define ORGANELLE

•Any tiny structure that performs a specialized function or job in the cell

6.A: Cell Membrane

• Gatekeeper-allows only certain things to enter or leave the cell

• Made of a Phospholipid Bilayer• Fluid mosaic theory describes

the modern view of the cell

6.B: Cytoplasm

• Jelly-like substance between cell membrane and the nucleus.

• All organelles are suspended in this substance

6.C: Chromosomes

•Contain genetic blueprints/DNA that control all of a cell’s activities

6.D: Ribosomes

•Found free floating OR on the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

•Produces proteins

6.E: Chloroplast

• Uses photosynthesis to make food/sugar

6.F: Vacuole

• Store water, ions and waste products

6.G: Mitochondria

• ENERGY• Cells that require MORE energy

contain MORE mitochondria

6.h: Golgi Apparatus

•Packages substances up for shipment out of the cell

6.I: Nucleus

• Control center of the cell – all of the cells activities are directed by this organelle

6.J: Nuclelous

• Inside nucleus-Makes Ribosomes!

6.K: Endoplasmic Reticulum

•Smooth ER: Transports and processes lipids

•Rough ER: Transports and processes lipids

6.L: Centriole

•Helps organize spindle fibers during cell division

7.A: How do you carry a microscope?

•1 hand on the arm and the other on the base

7.B: When do you use the coarse adjustment?

•Use while scanning or on low power to locate the object you are trying to observe. Never use on high power!!!

7.C: How do you find the total magnification of a microscope?

•Multiply the magnification of the eyepiece times the magnification of the objective lens you are using.

7.D: Why do we stain items we observe with a microscope

•Stains darken light objects making them easier to observe

7.E: How does the “field of view” change when you change the

magnification?•The higher the magnification,

the smaller the field of view

7.f: What is the difference between a compound light microscope and a

stereoscope?

• Compound light looks at smaller objects, shows images in 2D and shows the image backwards

• Stereoscope looks at larger objects, shows images in 3D and show the image the way that it truly is.