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TRANSCRIPT
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CELLS AND DNA
Learning Targets1. I can explain the different parts of a cell.
2. I can explain the purpose of DNA.
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Vocabulary within this set of notes1. Cell Membrane:
2. Cytoplasm:
3. Organelles:
4. DNA:
5. Chromosomes:
6. Prokaryotes (Prokaryotic):
7. Eukaryotes (Eukaryotic):
8. Nucleus:
9. Ribosomes:
10. Endoplasmic Reticulum:
11. Mitochondria:
12. Golgi Complex
13. Lysosomes:
14. Cell Wall:
15. Chloroplasts:
16. Vacuoles:
Onion
All About Cells- Organelle Quick Review
Human CheekCells
Elodea
Bacterial
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Cell Overview
All living things are made of cells.
A cell is the smallest unit that can perform all the things necessary for life. (Oldest type of life is a single cell)
Information (DNA) contained in cells determines inherited traits!
Cells weren’t discovered until the 1600s.
What invention do you think lead to the discovery of cells?
Then Now
The Microscope
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Parts of a Cell
Cells come in many shapes and sizes, but most cells have the following parts:
Cell Membrane- a protective layer that covers the cell’s surface, “The Protector”
Cytoplasm- fluid within a cell that holds structures in place, “The Supporter”
Organelles- structures within a cell that perform specific functions, “The Workers”
DNA- the genetic material that carries information needed to make new cells and control inherited traits, “The Brain”-Organized into Chromosomes
Parts of a Cell
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2 Kinds of Cells
Prokaryotes- single celled organisms whose DNA is NOT in a nucleus, DNA floats in cytoplasm
Some examples would be bacteria and archaea (ancient bacteria/ancient life)
Eukaryotes- larger organisms whose DNA is in a nucleus
Some examples would be animals, plants, and fungi
REMEMBER, in this case: “PRO MEANS NO”
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Nucleus
Nickname: “The Control Center”
Function: holds the DNA, which cannot escape through the nuclear membrane
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Ribosomes
Function: makes proteins
VERY IMPORTANT! Proteins are involved in virtually all cell functions. Each protein within the body has a specific function.
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Nickname: “The Producers”
Function: makes and delivers proteins and fats within the cell
2 Types:
1.Rough ER:
n Has ribosomes (which gives it a rough appearance)
n Function: helps make proteins
2.Smooth ER:
n NO ribosomes
n Function: makes lipids (fats)
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Mitochondria
Nickname: “The Powerhouse”
Function: breaks down food to make ATP (energy)
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Golgi Complex
Nickname: “The Delivery System”
Function: packages and transports materials to different locations inside/outside of the cell
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Lysosomes- found mainly in animal cells
Nickname: “The Clean-up Crew”
Function: break down food and to destroy old cells
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Bodies
Mitochondria
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Lysosomes
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Now let’s talk about structures only found in PLANT Cells!!
Plant cells have some additional structures not found in animal cells.
Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to
Section:
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Wall
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Cell Wall
Function: provides support and protection to the cell membrane
Found outside the cell membrane in plant cells
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Chloroplasts
Function: traps energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell
Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a green pigment
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Vacuoles- (Note, these can also be found in animal cells, but they have a different function of storage, holding digestive enzymes)
Function: stores water
This is what makes lettuce crisp
When there is no water, the plant wilts